CN1310557A - 分布式智能天线系统 - Google Patents

分布式智能天线系统 Download PDF

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CN1310557A
CN1310557A CN00103041A CN00103041A CN1310557A CN 1310557 A CN1310557 A CN 1310557A CN 00103041 A CN00103041 A CN 00103041A CN 00103041 A CN00103041 A CN 00103041A CN 1310557 A CN1310557 A CN 1310557A
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antenna
radio
base station
frequency
antenna element
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CN1107358C (zh
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李世鹤
李军
李峰
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China Academy of Telecommunications Technology CATT
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Research Inst Of Telecommunication Science And Technology Ministry Of Informati
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Priority to PCT/CN2001/000016 priority patent/WO2001063698A1/zh
Priority to AU2001225002A priority patent/AU2001225002B2/en
Priority to RU2002125385/09A priority patent/RU2264010C2/ru
Priority to MXPA02008317A priority patent/MXPA02008317A/es
Priority to DE60122119T priority patent/DE60122119T2/de
Priority to CA002399862A priority patent/CA2399862C/en
Priority to KR1020027010989A priority patent/KR100602056B1/ko
Priority to AU2500201A priority patent/AU2500201A/xx
Priority to JP2001562781A priority patent/JP2003524976A/ja
Priority to BR0108558-1A priority patent/BR0108558A/pt
Priority to EP01900376A priority patent/EP1267447B1/en
Priority to AT01900376T priority patent/ATE336092T1/de
Priority to TW090120048A priority patent/TW494604B/zh
Publication of CN1310557A publication Critical patent/CN1310557A/zh
Priority to HK02101052A priority patent/HK1039862A1/xx
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/22Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation in accordance with variation of frequency of radiated wave
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/007Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas specially adapted for indoor communication

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种分布式智能天线系统,包括由N只天线单元组成的天线阵列、N个射频收发信机和连接两者用的馈线电缆。先对N只天线单元及N个射频收发信机按小区覆盖范围及业务量进行分组,将各天线单元组根据覆盖要求分布在由同一无线通信基站所覆盖区域内的不同地点处,但共用同一个基带数字信号处理器,每一天线单元组内可设1至M只天线单元。可充分发挥智能天线的优势,在改善小区覆盖的同时增加系统容量及降低成本。

Description

分布式智能天线系统
本发明涉及一种移动通信技术,更确切地说是涉及一种蜂窝移动通信系统中的智能天线系统。
智能天线技术是现代移动通信技术领域中的一项最重要的技术,特别是在蜂窝移动通信系统中,当使用了智能天线技术后,其带来的有益效果是:可大大增加系统容量、增加无线基站的覆盖范围、降低系统成本、提高系统性能等,因此智能天线技术已经成为全世界高新技术领域中的重要研究课题。
智能天线的基本结构是:由N只天线单元构成的天线阵(列)、N个射频收发信机和N条分别连接N只天线与N个射频收发信机的馈线电缆,由N只天线单元及N条馈线电缆构成天馈线单元,由天线阵(列)与N个射频收发信机组成射频单元,该射频单元所收发的模拟信号与无线基站中的基带数字信号处理器(简称基带处理器)间经高速模数转换/数模转换(ADC/DAC)器与数据总线连接,在基带数字信号处理器中实现上、下行波束赋形等智能天线功能。
附图1中示出一种具有智能天线的无线基站结构,体现出现代智能天线的基本结构及工作原理。该基站工作于码分多址时分复用方式(CDMA TDD)下,其天馈线单元由组成天线阵(列)的N只天线单元11、12、13……1N及相关联的馈线电缆组成,每个天馈线单元连接一个射频收发信机(TRx)21、22、23……2N,N个射频收发信机共用一个频率和定时单元30(本振源),因而这些射频收发信机是相干工作的。每个射频收发信机所接收的信号通过射频收发信机内部的模数转换器转换成数字取样信号,然后通过高速数据总线31送基带处理器33;在高速数据总线31上的待发射的数字信号则通过射频收发信机内部的数模转换器转换成模拟信号,最后由天线单元11、12、13……1N发射出去。
所有基带数字信号的处理均在基带处理器33中完成,其处理方法可参考中国专利97104039,在基带处理器硬件平台上,通过使用先进的数字信号处理技术(DSP),可实现信号的调制解调、接收与发射(上、下行)波束赋形等功能,达到克服多址、多径等干扰的目的,提高接收信噪比和灵敏度,增加发射等效全向辐射功率(EIRP)等的目的。
申请人注意到:在目前所能见到的实用智能天线产品中及所公开的与智能天线相关的专利技术、论文文献中,智能天线中的天线阵(列)都是使用环形或线形天线阵(列),并集中安装在同一地点,如中国专利97104039中所公开的技术方案,达到对一个全方向或一个扇区的覆盖。
但是随着城市高大建筑物密集化程度的提高及大楼楼层的增高,大楼内或小区内的移动通信系统由于工作频率较高(1-3GHz频段),会因建筑物的屏蔽作用及楼层、墙壁的损耗而出现大量的阴影区,使移动通信系统的覆盖变得很差。因此,为解决其覆盖问题,在设计城市中心区域等用户密度高、楼房密集的蜂窝移动通信系统时,都不得不采用大量增加基站数量的方案,势必增加了系统投资和使维护工作变得困难。虽然从理论上说,基站使用智能天线可改善覆盖问题,但如果仍将组成天线阵(列)的多只天线单元集中安装,是不可能完全解决覆盖问题的。
本发明的目的是设计一种分布式智能天线系统,以充分发挥智能天线的优势,在改善小区覆盖范围的同时还可大大增加移动通信系统的容量并降低系统成本。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:一种分布式智能天线系统,包括由N只天线单元组成的天线阵列、N个射频收发信机和分别连接N只天线单元与N个射频收发信机的馈线电缆,所述的N个射频收发信机通过数据总线与无线通信基站内的基带数字信号处理器连接,其特征在于:所述的N只天线单元及N个射频收发信机是对应着分组设置的,各天线单元组分布在由同一无线通信基站所覆盖区域内的不同地点处,各天线单元组及各射频收发信机组与同一个基带数字信号处理器连接。
所述的分组是按无线通信基站所需覆盖的小区范围和业务量进行的。
所述的每一天线单元组内设有1至M只天线单元,所述的M按移动用户数量及传播环境选择。
所述的不同地点包括由一个无线通信基站所服务小区内的不同建筑物或由一个无线通信基站所服务的一幢大楼内的不同楼层。
所述的各天线单元组是使用相同的载波频率、相同的时隙和相同的码道。
本发明的分布式智能天线系统,将组成智能天线阵(列)的天线单元及相关的馈线电缆和射频收发信机,根据小区所需覆盖的范围及业务量的要求进行分组分布,但公用同一套基带处理器,且将每一组天线单元中的各天线单元根据覆盖要求安装在不同地点。采用分布式智能天线系统的无线基站将处理多组天线单元,且多组天线单元是根据需要安装在多个地点的,从而达到良好的覆盖效果。此外,根据每组天线单元的安装位置及其相互间的隔离情况,可在同一个无线基站的服务范围内实现频率复用,就可进一步提高频谱的利用率,特别是在码分多址移动通信系统中,除了可使用相同或不同的载波频率外,还可使用不同时隙、不同码道等无线通信资源。即,频率、时隙及码道等资源在分布式智能天线系统中可被更有效地复用,在改善小区覆盖的同时达到增加通信系统容量和降低通信系统成本的目的。当然,由于各组天线单元被安装在不同的地点,导致各自的馈线电缆长度不一致,还必须采用天线校准技术,具体的校准方法可参考本申请人的在先专利申请,专利申请号为99111350.0,名称为“一种校准智能天线阵的方法和装置”。
下面结合实施例及附图进一步说明本发明的技术。
图1是具有智能天线的无线通信基站结构示意图
图2是具有分布式智能天线的无线通信基站结构通信示意图
图3是将使用分布式智能天线的无线通信基站用于城市中心区域时的结构示意图
图4是将使用分布式智能天线的无线通信基站用于高层建筑时的结构示意图
图1说明前己述及,不再赘述。
参见图2,与图1所示具有智能天线的无线通信基站结构比较,其不同之处是:图1中具有智能天线的无线通信基站,其天线阵(列)是将11至1N个天线单元集中安装在同一地点的环形或线形阵列,而图2中的具有分布式智能天线的无线通信基站,其天馈线单元及其相关的射频收发信机是分组设置的,如图中所示的各天馈线单元组41、42……4N和各射频收发信机组51、52……5N。每个天馈线单元组内的天线单元数量及与之对应连接的每个射频收发信机组内的射频收发信机数量可根据实际需要设定,最少可只含一个天线单元和一个射频收发信机,如图2中的4N、5N所示,而天馈线单元组42及射频收发信机组52内则分别含4个天线单元及4个射频收发信机。每一组天馈线单元及每一组射频收发信机覆盖一个所需覆盖的区域但公用一个无线通信基站,显然,各天线单元组与无线通信基站内的相应射频收发信机组间用于连接的馈线电缆的长度是不同的。在具有分布式智能天线的无线通信基站中,各天馈线单元组及其射频收发信机组可工作于不同或相同的载波频率、时隙及码道,当工作于相同的载波频率、时隙及码道时,就可大大增加无线通信系统的容量。
上述具有分布式智能天线的无线通信基站可实用于微蜂窝及微微蜂窝移动通信系统中,而微蜂窝及微微蜂窝移动通信系统也正是今后城市人口集中地区所使用的移动通信系统的环境。
参见图3,图中示出在城市中心区域使用具有分布式智能天线的无线通信基站的分布实例。由于移动通信系统的工作频率较高,如2GHz频段,由图中12个矩形框101所示的密集排列的建筑物将产生严重的遮挡,而通信系统为了能提供足够的容量一般均按微小区设计,天线高度一般不超过微小区内屋顶的平均高度,若无线通信基站采用如图1所示的集中安装的智能天线结构,其结果是造成天线系统的覆盖非常有限(可参考ITU-R M.1225建议)。
本实施例中,由一个无线通信基站102公用三个天馈线单元组103、105、107,三个天馈线单元组103、105、107分布在三个地点,其最终效果是用一个无线通信基站实现了相当于三个无线通信基站的覆盖区域104、106、108,在这三个分别由三组天馈线单元覆盖的区域104、106、108内,可使用相同的载波频率、相同的时隙和相同的码道工作,使移动通信系统的容量成倍增加,由于共用一个无线通信基站的基带处理器,还在改善覆盖的同时大大降低了用户的平均成本。
参见图4,图中示出在一高层建筑上使用具有分布式智能天线的无线通信基站的分布实例。众所周知,在比较高的载波频率,如2GHz频段,楼房楼层及墙壁对无线电波的损耗非常严重,无线电波一般只能穿透3至4个楼层或墙壁,若无线通信基站采用如图1所示的集中安装的智能天线结构,将不可能对整个高层建筑110实现良好的覆盖。
本实施例中,由一个无线通信基站112公用四个天馈线单元组115、117、113、119,四个天馈线单元组115、117、113、119分布在四个楼层(11、8、5、2层)上,其最终效果是用一个无线通信基站实现了相当于四个无线通信基站的覆盖区域116、118、114、120,在这四个分别由四组天馈线单元115、117、113、119覆盖的区域116、118、114、120内,每间隔一组天馈线单元即可使用相同的载波频率、相同的时隙和相同的码道工作,使移动通信系统的容量大大增加,由于共用一个无线通信基站的基带处理器,还在改善覆盖的同时大大降低了用户的平均成本。
使用分布式能智能天线的无线通信基站,应根据所覆盖小区的地理面积或楼房的高度(或楼层数量)来选择天馈线单元的组数,并根据每组天馈线单元所覆盖范围内无线移动用户的多少来选择各组内天线单元的数量和所需的容量。如图4实施例所示,是每隔两层楼安装一组天馈线单元,那未每间隔一组天馈线单元,就可使用一个相同的载波频率、相同的时隙和相同的码道。
在分布式智能天线系统中,使用者可根据实际需求灵活配置智能天线的组数,选择每组智能天线安装的位置,和选择每组内所含智能天线单元的只数,再通过基带处理器中软件的调节,最终使整个通信系统处于最优状态。
以一个大楼的无线通信系统为例,就可能存在多种实际需求情况。
第一种可能的情况是:大楼中的移动用户总数并不多,由一个普通无线通信基站所提供的无线码道已经够用,但这些不多的用户却分布在大楼的各个楼层中。如果采用图1所示的集中式智能天线,一个基站最多只能覆盖3至4层楼,显然不能满足需要。若采用本发明的分布式智能天线系统,使用者可以在每隔1至2层楼上放1组天馈线单元,每一组天馈线单元内含1至M只天线单元,M的个数与用户的数量及信号传播环境有关。
第二种可能的情况是:大楼中的移动用户总数很多,由一个普通无线通信基站所提供的无线码道已经不够用,且相对于天馈线单元的安装来说,这些用户在大楼的各个楼层中的分布又是不均匀的。如果采用图1所示的集中式智能天线,则由智能天线所带来的空间分集的长处将受到影响。采用本发明的分布式智能天线系统,可将全部天线单元分成若干组,每组天馈线单元安装在一楼层上,各组天馈线单元采用相同的频率、时隙和码道,但采用不同的扰码和训练序列,就好比是一个个独立的微微小区的基站。采用这种方式,可最大限度地利用已有的射频收发信机及基带处理器的处理能力,使整个通信系统最优。
本发明的分布式智能天线系统,无线通信基站的基带处理器在作基带处理时,先分别处理每组天馈线单元的信息,再分集处理各组天馈线单元的信息,获得上行信号数据,用于上行波束赋形;再选择接收功率最大的一组天馈线单元,提取其用户的目的地到达信息(DOA),获得下行信号数据,用于下行波束赋形(其中,获取用户目的地到达信息(DOA)的方法可参考本申请人的在先专利技术,专利号为97104039.7,名称为“具有智能天线的时分双工同步码分多址无线通信系统”)。如在上述第二种情况下,由于采用了分布式智能天线系统就可以克服因电波损耗所造成的影响,使一个基站可覆盖7至8层楼乃至10多层楼。
综上所述,本发明的分布式智能天线系统,是将组成智能天线系统的天线单元及相关的电缆馈线和射频收发信机,根据小区所需覆盖的范围进行分组及根据业务量选择每组内天线单元的数量,并将每一组天馈线单元根据覆盖要求安装在该小区的不同地点,但共用同一个无线通信基站的基带处理器。可在充分发挥智能天线优势、改善小区覆盖的同时,大大增加系统容量并降低系统成本。

Claims (5)

1.一种分布式智能天线系统,包括由N只天线单元组成的天线阵列、N个射频收发信机和分别连接N只天线单元与N个射频收发信机的馈线电缆,所述的N个射频收发信机通过数据总线与无线通信基站内的基带数字信号处理器连接,其特征在于:所述的N只天线单元及N个射频收发信机是对应着分组设置的,各天线单元组分布在由同一无线通信基站所覆盖区域内的不同地点处,各天线单元组及各射频收发信机组与同一个基带数字信号处理器连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种分布式智能天线系统,其特征在于:所述的分组是按无线通信基站所需覆盖的小区范围和业务量进行的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种分布式智能天线系统,其特征在于:所述的每一天线单元组内设有1至M只天线单元,所述的M按移动用户数量及传播环境选择。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种分布式智能天线系统,其特征在于:所述的不同地点包括由一个无线通信基站所服务小区内的不同建筑物或由一个无线通信基站所服务的一幢大楼内的不同楼层。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种分布式智能天线系统,其特征在于:所述的各天线单元组是使用相同的载波频率、相同的时隙和相同的码道。
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CN00103041A CN1107358C (zh) 2000-02-24 2000-02-24 分布式智能天线系统
BR0108558-1A BR0108558A (pt) 2000-02-24 2001-01-12 Sistema de antena inteligente distribuìdo
RU2002125385/09A RU2264010C2 (ru) 2000-02-24 2001-01-12 Распределенная система интеллектуальных антенн
MXPA02008317A MXPA02008317A (es) 2000-02-24 2001-01-12 Un sistema de antena inteligente distribuido.
DE60122119T DE60122119T2 (de) 2000-02-24 2001-01-12 Distributives intelligentes antennensystem
CA002399862A CA2399862C (en) 2000-02-24 2001-01-12 A distributed smart antenna system
KR1020027010989A KR100602056B1 (ko) 2000-02-24 2001-01-12 분산형 스마트 안테나 시스템
AU2500201A AU2500201A (en) 2000-02-24 2001-01-12 Distributive intelligent antenna system
PCT/CN2001/000016 WO2001063698A1 (fr) 2000-02-24 2001-01-12 Antenne directionnelle intelligente distribuee
AU2001225002A AU2001225002B2 (en) 2000-02-24 2001-01-12 Distributive intelligent antenna system
EP01900376A EP1267447B1 (en) 2000-02-24 2001-01-12 Distributive intelligent antenna system
AT01900376T ATE336092T1 (de) 2000-02-24 2001-01-12 Distributives intelligentes antennensystem
JP2001562781A JP2003524976A (ja) 2000-02-24 2001-01-12 分散スマート・アンテナ・システム
TW090120048A TW494604B (en) 2000-02-24 2001-08-14 Distributed smart antenna system
HK02101052A HK1039862A1 (en) 2000-02-24 2002-02-11 A distributed smart antenna system
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HK1039862A1 (en) 2002-05-10
DE60122119T2 (de) 2007-03-08
EP1267447A4 (en) 2003-09-10
ATE336092T1 (de) 2006-09-15
AU2500201A (en) 2001-09-03
US7031755B2 (en) 2006-04-18
RU2002125385A (ru) 2004-03-10
JP2003524976A (ja) 2003-08-19
US20020193147A1 (en) 2002-12-19
TW494604B (en) 2002-07-11
EP1267447B1 (en) 2006-08-09
BR0108558A (pt) 2003-03-18
CA2399862C (en) 2008-10-21
CA2399862A1 (en) 2001-08-30
RU2264010C2 (ru) 2005-11-10
AU2001225002B2 (en) 2005-04-14
DE60122119D1 (de) 2006-09-21
CN1107358C (zh) 2003-04-30
MXPA02008317A (es) 2002-12-09
EP1267447A1 (en) 2002-12-18

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