WO2001061303A1 - Dispositif et procede de mesure par dispersion de polarisation - Google Patents
Dispositif et procede de mesure par dispersion de polarisation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001061303A1 WO2001061303A1 PCT/JP2000/006509 JP0006509W WO0161303A1 WO 2001061303 A1 WO2001061303 A1 WO 2001061303A1 JP 0006509 W JP0006509 W JP 0006509W WO 0161303 A1 WO0161303 A1 WO 0161303A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- frequency
- light
- polarization mode
- mode dispersion
- measured
- Prior art date
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/30—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides
- G01M11/31—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides with a light emitter and a light receiver being disposed at the same side of a fibre or waveguide end-face, e.g. reflectometers
- G01M11/3181—Reflectometers dealing with polarisation
Definitions
- Polarization mode dispersion measuring apparatus and polarization mode dispersion measuring method
- the present invention relates to a polarization mode dispersion measuring apparatus and a polarization mode dispersion measuring method for measuring polarization mode dispersion, in particular, among the dispersion characteristics of optical transmission fibers.
- PMD polarization mode dispersion
- PMD measurements can be broadly divided into time-domain and frequency-domain methods.
- the former is the Chihari method
- the latter is the fixed analyzer method and the volametric metric method (Poincare sphere method, Geones Matrix (JME) ) Method, SOP (State of Polarization) method, etc.
- volametric metric method Poincare sphere method, Geones Matrix (JME)
- SOP State of Polarization
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a polarization mode dispersion measuring apparatus and a polarization mode dispersion measuring method which can perform the beat signal generation even when the PMDi is small. Without being buried in, according to a first solution of the present invention, a frequency channel whose frequency changes in proportion to time is provided.
- Offset means for providing the following; a wave plate for rotating the linearly polarized light direction of the frequency chirp light from the offset means by a predetermined angle; and measuring after the frequency chirp light passing through the wave plate propagates to the optical fiber to be measured.
- An analyzer that transmits a polarization component necessary for the light, and a detector that detects a light wave transmitted through the analyzer and detects a polarization mode dispersion value of the measured optical fiber based on a beat signal of the detected light wave.
- a step of generating frequency-trap light whose frequency changes in proportion to time; and two linear polarization components orthogonal to the generated frequency-cap light Providing a path difference between the two linearly polarized light components; rotating the linear polarization direction of the frequency-chipped light by a predetermined angle; and propagating the frequency-chipped light provided with the optical path difference to the optical fiber under test. And transmitting the polarization component necessary for the measurement after the frequency-captured light propagates to the optical fiber to be measured.Detecting the transmitted lightwave and detecting the transmitted lightwave based on the bit signal of the detected lightwave. And a step of detecting a polarization mode dispersion value of the measurement light fiber.
- the group delay time between each light wave propagating along the fast wave axis and the slow wave axis of the measured optical fiber caused by the polarization mode dispersion is calculated from the frequency of the beat signal generated between each light wave. Therefore, the polarization mode dispersion can be calculated with high sensitivity. Further, in the present invention, since an analyzer set at an angle of about 45 degrees with respect to the fast wave axis and the slow wave axis of the optical fiber to be measured is provided, each light wave propagating along the fast wave axis and the slow wave axis is provided. The polarization component required for measurement can be extracted.
- the first-order diffracted light that has been frequency-shifted by the Doppler effect is fed back to generate frequency-trap light, so that frequency-trap light with excellent linearity can be generated.
- a ring resonance in which a predetermined gain medium, a predetermined pump light source, a wavelength division optical coupler, an output power blur, a polarization control element, an optical isolator, and a frequency shift element are connected in a ring shape is provided.
- the polarization mode dispersion value is detected based on the amount of change in the beat frequency of the two light waves to which the optical path difference has been given by the offset means, so that the polarization mode dispersion value can be detected easily and with high sensitivity.
- the change amount of the beat frequency is determined based on the beat spectrum intensity with respect to the incident angle. Can be measured.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the principle of PMD measurement of the polarization mode dispersion measuring apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of the first embodiment of the polarization mode dispersion measuring apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating the instantaneous frequency component of the FSF laser output.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of the FSF laser.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the result of observing the oscillation spectrum of the FSF laser of FIG. 4 with an optical spectrum analyzer.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing instantaneous frequency components at the time of detection.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a light wave and a transmitted component of an analyzer in the offset circuit.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the principle of PMD measurement of the polarization mode dispersion measuring apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of the first embodiment
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the incident angle of a light wave and the beat intensity.
- Figure 9 shows (a) the relationship between the incident angle of the lightwave after passing through the offset circuit and the beat spectrum intensity, and (b) the incident angle of the lightwave after passing through the offset circuit.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a degree and a beat frequency.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing (a) the relationship between the incident angle and the beat spectrum intensity, and (b) the diagram showing the relationship between the incident angle and the bit frequency.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the relationship between the optical fiber length and the PMD.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the result of evaluating the reading accuracy of the beat frequency.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of the second embodiment of the polarization mode dispersion measuring apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a configuration diagram of the second embodiment of the chirp light generating means.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a configuration diagram of the third embodiment of the chip light generating means.
- the PMD measurement is performed by using optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR). Specifically, it mainly determines the polarization state dependence of the propagation time caused by the PMD from the beat frequency.
- OFDR optical frequency domain reflectometry
- FSF laser frequency-shifted feedback laser
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the principle of PMD measurement of the polarization mode dispersion measuring apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 (a) schematically shows the instantaneous frequency component of a light wave propagating in the optical fiber 1.
- Fig. 1 (b) and (c) show the instantaneous frequency of the frequency trap light entering the optical fiber 1 and the instantaneous frequency of the frequency capture light propagating in the optical fiber 1, respectively. I have.
- the frequency chirp light is a light wave whose frequency changes with time.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of one embodiment of the polarization mode dispersion measuring apparatus according to the present invention.
- the polarization mode dispersion measuring device shown in the figure is composed of an FSF laser (FSFL: means for generating a light for trapping light) 3 for generating a frequency clamping light, and a polarization control element (P .:
- FSFL means for generating a light for trapping light
- P polarization control element
- Polarization Controller 4 an optical amplifier (AMP) 5 to amplify the frequency capture light, and two polarization beam splitters (PBS) 6 that provide an optical path difference between two orthogonal linear polarization components of the frequency capture light.
- the offset circuit (offset means) 7 composed of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer having a and 6 b, the ⁇ 2 plate 8,
- the beam splitter (BS) 9 to be changed has a predetermined angle with respect to the fast-wave axis and slow-wave axis of the optical fiber 1 to be measured.
- An analyzer 2 that extracts the polarization component necessary for the light, a lens 10 that focuses the light wave transmitted through the analyzer 2, a photodetector (PD) 11 that detects the light wave transmitted through the lens 10, An RF spectrum analyzer (RFSA: detection means) 12 for observing the spectral waveform of the light wave and a computer (PC) 14 for detecting the PMD based on the RFSA 12 observation result.
- RFSA RF spectrum analyzer
- a reflecting mirror may be provided at or near the exit end of the optical fiber 1 to be measured (terminal opposite to BS 9). In such a configuration, the frequency trap light (measurement light) output from the FSF laser 3 as the light source is incident on the offset circuit 7 via the polarization control element 4 and the AMP 5.
- the PBS 6a uses the PBS 6a to linearly polarized light in one direction of linearly polarized light orthogonal to each other among the frequency-chirped light from the FSF laser 3 to make the PBS 6a go straight and reflect linearly polarized light in the other direction. This splits the light into two orthogonal linearly polarized light components and gives an optical path difference to both. After the two light waves having such an optical path difference are combined again by the other PBS 6b in the offset circuit 7, the polarization direction of each linear polarization component is changed by the ⁇ / 2 plate 8 to a predetermined polarization angle. , And is incident on the optical fiber 1 to be measured.
- the reflected light is reflected by a mirror provided at or near the exit end of the measured optical fiber, and the reflected light is emitted from the incident end of the measured optical fiber 1, passes through the BS 9, and transmits through the analyzer 2.
- the polarization components required for the measurement are extracted and received by PD11, and the beat signal between each linear polarization component is received. A PMD value is calculated from the received beat signal (details will be described later).
- the FSF laser 3 for generating the frequency capture light will be described in detail.
- ⁇ A acousto-optic modulator
- ⁇ A a frequency shift element
- the instantaneous frequency component of the output of the FSF laser 3 is composed of a plurality of components (chirp frequency combs) that chirp with time.
- a standing wave cannot exist, and its instantaneous frequency i (t) is given by Eq. (2).
- Equation (2) where RT is the orbital time of the resonator (1/2: RT is the longitudinal mode frequency of the resonator), FS is the frequency shift amount per orbital of the resonator, and q is an integer. .
- RT the orbital time of the resonator (1/2: RT is the longitudinal mode frequency of the resonator)
- FS is the frequency shift amount per orbital of the resonator
- q is an integer.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating the instantaneous frequency component of the output of the FSF laser 3.
- the gray gradation in the figure indicates the intensity change.
- the channel plate r is FS / RT .
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of the FSF laser 3.
- the FSF laser 1 forms a ring-shaped laser resonator using AOM (a propagation medium is, for example, TeO 2 ) 21 which is a frequency shift element.
- AOM a propagation medium is, for example, TeO 2
- an erbium-doped fiber (EDF: for example, Er3 + doping amount 900 ppm, fiber length 15 m) 22 having excellent matching with an optical fiber and a semiconductor laser (LD) as an excitation light source are provided.
- EDF Er3 + doping amount 900 ppm, fiber length 15 m
- LD semiconductor laser
- WDM wavelength division coupler
- Corrected form (Rule 91) Multiplexing coupler) 23, optical isolator (OI: Optical Isolator) 24, output coupler (output coupler, branch ratio: for example, 90:10 (10dB)) 25, and polarization control element (PC: A polarization controller 26, a collimator 27, a band-pass filter (BPF) 28, and a signal generator (SG) 29 for driving the AOM 21.
- OI Optical Isolator
- PC polarization control element
- the AOM 21 is inserted between the pair of collimators 27, and the optical coupling efficiency including its diffraction efficiency is, for example, 25%.
- the frequency shift amount v FS per round of the resonator is equal to the drive frequency of AOM21 , for example, 120 MHz, and the longitudinal mode frequency of the resonator 1 / ⁇ is, for example, 9, 38 MHz.
- the frequency sweep width v BW is 110 GHz from the full width at half maximum of the oscillation spectrum.
- the center wavelength of oscillation is 1.556 m.
- an acousto-optic tunable filter may be used as the frequency shift element instead of the AOM.
- AOTF is a frequency shift element with narrow band wavelength transmission characteristics. AOTF enables electronic tuning of the oscillation wavelength, eliminating the need for a BPF in the resonator and simplifying the device configuration.
- PMD measurement using the FSF laser will be described in detail.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing instantaneous frequency components at the time of detection.
- the delay time t. beat signal proportional to ffset (f B et:. hereinafter referred to as offset frequency) on each side of the beat signal f .beta.1 which depends on the delay time of the PMD, f B2 occurs.
- offset frequency ffset
- the signal strength of the f B1, f B2 is dependent on the incident angle and the angle of the analyzer 2 to the measured optical fiber 1 of the optical wave.
- the beat signal strength at the time of detection is given by the following determinant.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a light wave and a transmitted component of an analyzer in the offset circuit.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the incident angle of a light wave and the beat intensity. As shown in Figs. 7 (a) and (b), the angle between the path2 component of the hi-offset circuit 7 and the slow axis of the optical fiber under test 1 in equations (3) and (4) Represents the angle between the analyzer 2 and the slow axis.
- Equation (3) The matrix components of equation (3) are, from the left, the PMD of the analyzer 2, the optical fiber under test 1, the incident angle of the laser output light, and the delay time t of the offset circuit 7, respectively.
- the beat frequency is given by the equation (5).
- the analyzer 2 is set at 45 degrees with respect to the fast-wave axis and the slow-wave axis of the optical fiber 1 to be measured.
- the E / 2 plate 8 is rotated half a turn to read the peak-to-peak value of the beat center frequency. Since this value is 2 ⁇ f B, it is possible to obtain the PMD value from equation (7).
- the frequency-chirp light is detected after it has propagated through the optical fiber 1 and further transmitted through the analyzer 2, and the change amount of the beat frequency is measured. Since the value is determined, the PMD value can be determined easily and with high sensitivity. Further, in the present embodiment, PMD measurement in an existing optical communication network is also possible, and there is no possibility that the configuration of the measurement system becomes complicated.
- FIG. 9 (a) shows the relationship between the incident angle of the light wave after passing through the offset circuit 7 and the beat spectrum intensity
- FIG. 9 (b) shows the incidence of the light wave after passing through the offset circuit 7.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between an angle and a beat frequency. Each figure is measured using the angle of the analyzer] 3 as a parameter. The solid line represents the theoretical calculation result, and the broken line represents the measurement result. According to the result of FIG.
- SMF single mode optical fiber
- FIG. 10 (a) is a diagram showing the relationship between the incident angle and the beat spectrum intensity
- FIG. 10 (b) is a diagram showing the relationship between the incident angle and the beat frequency.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the relationship between the optical fiber length and the PMD.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the result of evaluating the reading accuracy of the beat frequency.
- the measurement accuracy depends on the frequency capture width of the laser output light and the reading accuracy of the spectrum analyzer. Therefore, in order to perform higher-accuracy measurement, it is necessary to widen the frequency capture width and measure the beat frequency using a frequency counter.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of the second embodiment of the polarization mode dispersion measuring apparatus according to the present invention.
- the optimal conditions for the analyzer angle are not limited by the incident angle, and only need to satisfy the condition that the beat spectrum intensity is kept constant.
- 2 is automatically controlled by the drive units 101 and 102 such as motors and the control unit 103 such as motor drivers, so that the measurement work that has been performed manually until now can be fully automated.
- the drive unit 102 is controlled by the control unit 103 to set the analyzer 2 at 45 degrees with respect to the fast wave axis and the slow wave axis of the optical fiber 1 to be measured.
- it can be set by rotating the second plate 8 by 180 degrees and fixing the condition so that the beat spectrum intensity becomes flat.
- the drive unit 101 is controlled by the control unit 103, the half plate 8 is rotated half a turn, and the peak-to-peak value of the beat center frequency is read. Since this value is very small fluctuation amount 2 delta f B, it can be obtained P MD values into the equation (1) below.
- the frequency counter 111 instead of the currently used RF spectrum analyzer (Real Time Spectrum Analyzer), use the frequency counter 111, power meter 112 and bandpass filter (BPF) 110. Simpler device by using Configuration is possible.
- BPF bandpass filter
- FIG. 14 shows a configuration diagram of another embodiment 2 of the chirp light generating means.
- an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) 200 is used as the frequency-capping element, and the BPF 28 is omitted.
- the oscillation wavelength can be electronically controlled by controlling the signal generator 29, which is the drive signal source, with the PC 14.
- FIG. 15 shows a configuration diagram of another embodiment 3 of the chirp light generating means.
- the frequency-capping element in Fig. 4 is an all-fiber acousto-optic element (All-fiber A0M) 300 using an optical fiber as the medium, and the collimator 27 is omitted.
- the device can be configured with all fibers.
- any light source whose oscillation frequency shifts with respect to time can be used.
- a measurement system may be provided on the exit side.
- a circulator may be used instead of the beam splitter 9 in order to reduce insertion loss.
- the frequency-chirp light is detected after propagating through the optical fiber and further after passing through the analyzer, and the polarization mode dispersion is determined based on the self-beat signal obtained at this time. Since the measurement is performed, the polarization mode dispersion can be measured with high sensitivity with a simple configuration. Further, according to the present invention, even when the PMD value is small, the generated beat signal is not buried in the DC component, and the polarization mode dispersion measurement can be sufficiently performed.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00961193A EP1258719A4 (en) | 2000-02-21 | 2000-09-22 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MEASURING THE POLARIZATION MODEM DISPERSION AND METHOD FOR MEASURING THE POLARISATION MODE DISPERSION |
US10/182,697 US6850318B1 (en) | 2000-02-21 | 2000-09-22 | Polarization mode dispersion measuring device and polarization mode dispersion measuring method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000042175A JP3749646B2 (ja) | 2000-02-21 | 2000-02-21 | 偏波モード分散測定装置および偏波モード分散測定方法 |
JP2000-42175 | 2000-02-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2001061303A1 true WO2001061303A1 (fr) | 2001-08-23 |
Family
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PCT/JP2000/006509 WO2001061303A1 (fr) | 2000-02-21 | 2000-09-22 | Dispositif et procede de mesure par dispersion de polarisation |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US6850318B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1258719A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3749646B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2001061303A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
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US6847484B2 (en) | 2001-03-15 | 2005-01-25 | Jay N. Damask | Methods and apparatus for generating polarization mode dispersion |
US6867918B2 (en) | 2000-12-07 | 2005-03-15 | Jay N. Damask | Methods and apparatus for generation and control of coherent polarization mode dispersion |
US6891674B2 (en) | 2000-12-07 | 2005-05-10 | Yafo Networks, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for frequency shifting polarization mode dispersion spectra |
US7212281B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2007-05-01 | Fujikura, Ltd. | Optical fiber polarization mode dispersion measurement method and measurement device |
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US6704100B2 (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2004-03-09 | Fitel Usa Corp. | Systems and methods for accurately measuring low values of polarization mode dispersion in an optical fiber using localized external perturbation induced low mode coupling |
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US20080100828A1 (en) * | 2005-09-29 | 2008-05-01 | Normand Cyr | Polarization-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer and method for determining PMD |
US20100073667A1 (en) * | 2007-03-28 | 2010-03-25 | Normand Cyr | Method and Apparatus for Determining Differential Group Delay and Polarization Mode Dispersion |
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CN107246952A (zh) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-10-13 | 北京邮电大学 | 一种偏振模色散测量精度提升方法和系统 |
CN113739917B (zh) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-08-05 | 华中科技大学 | 一种基于旋光纤的光谱测量系统 |
WO2023140339A1 (ja) * | 2022-01-21 | 2023-07-27 | 国立研究開発法人理化学研究所 | 分光システムおよび分光方法 |
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- 2000-09-22 WO PCT/JP2000/006509 patent/WO2001061303A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-09-22 US US10/182,697 patent/US6850318B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-09-22 EP EP00961193A patent/EP1258719A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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Cited By (4)
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US6867918B2 (en) | 2000-12-07 | 2005-03-15 | Jay N. Damask | Methods and apparatus for generation and control of coherent polarization mode dispersion |
US6891674B2 (en) | 2000-12-07 | 2005-05-10 | Yafo Networks, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for frequency shifting polarization mode dispersion spectra |
US6847484B2 (en) | 2001-03-15 | 2005-01-25 | Jay N. Damask | Methods and apparatus for generating polarization mode dispersion |
US7212281B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2007-05-01 | Fujikura, Ltd. | Optical fiber polarization mode dispersion measurement method and measurement device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP3749646B2 (ja) | 2006-03-01 |
JP2001228054A (ja) | 2001-08-24 |
EP1258719A1 (en) | 2002-11-20 |
US6850318B1 (en) | 2005-02-01 |
EP1258719A4 (en) | 2003-05-21 |
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