WO2001059431A2 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von höhenbildern technischer oberflächen in mikroskopischer auflösung - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von höhenbildern technischer oberflächen in mikroskopischer auflösung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001059431A2 WO2001059431A2 PCT/DE2001/000086 DE0100086W WO0159431A2 WO 2001059431 A2 WO2001059431 A2 WO 2001059431A2 DE 0100086 W DE0100086 W DE 0100086W WO 0159431 A2 WO0159431 A2 WO 0159431A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sample
- maximum
- image
- images
- measured
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
- G02B21/002—Scanning microscopes
- G02B21/0024—Confocal scanning microscopes (CSOMs) or confocal "macroscopes"; Accessories which are not restricted to use with CSOMs, e.g. sample holders
- G02B21/008—Details of detection or image processing, including general computer control
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
- G02B21/002—Scanning microscopes
- G02B21/0024—Confocal scanning microscopes (CSOMs) or confocal "macroscopes"; Accessories which are not restricted to use with CSOMs, e.g. sample holders
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing height images of technical surfaces in microscopic resolution with the aid of a confocal measuring microscope, the sample to be measured being moved in a controlled manner in the direction (Z direction) of the microscope and an image being taken at defined intervals using a digital camera, and the recorded digitized images are sent to a controller (PC) for further processing and evaluation, in such a way that the light intensity maximum is determined for each pixel, the location of the maximum resulting in the sample height to be measured.
- PC controller
- the invention relates to a device for performing the method.
- Confocal measuring microscopes are used for the inspection of technical surfaces, whereby both the microscopic image (light intensity) of the sample surface and the local height assigned to the surface are measured.
- the application relates to all areas of microstructure technology, but is not limited to this.
- the measuring system consists of the actual confocal optical measuring branch, a camera, an image digitizing unit, a controller (generally a PC) and a motorized displacement unit Focusing through the sample surface (traversing movement in the Z direction) and controlling the motorized displacement unit together (see Fig. 2).
- the working method of the known measuring microscope consists in that the sample located under the microscope objective is gradually moved in height relative to the microscope (or the microscope in the direction of the sample).
- the light intensity of a single pixel usually shows a Gaussian distribution as a function of the displacement, the location of the maximum resulting in the sample height to be measured. Since the maximum cannot be measured directly in practice, the curve is scanned step by step to determine it.
- the evaluation is done accumulatively.
- the sum of the intensity I and the sum of the intensity multiplied by the respectively set shift z are summed up pixel by pixel in two separate memories.
- the center of gravity zs calculated with regard to the shift This coincides approximately with the maximum.
- This threshold must be local (i.e. pixel by pixel) can be determined, for example as a medium intensity. An additional run, which takes place before the actual measurement run, is then necessary to determine this threshold.
- the low dynamics of a CCD camera mean that strongly differently reflecting spatial areas cannot be captured at the same time.
- the time required increases by gradually setting the shift. In addition, this can cause vibrations, namely when the mechanical system is accelerated and braked.
- An additional disadvantage is that the control of the displacement unit must be carried out by the controller, since there is no direct coupling between the displacement unit and the image digitizing unit.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of performing a method of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that, with a significant reduction in the time required, an improved evaluation of the recorded images is made possible, in which a distinction can be made between secondary maxima and artifacts.
- Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for performing the method.
- the first part of the object is achieved according to the characterizing part of claim 1 in that the movement of the sample takes place continuously and in the process the image recordings are triggered at discrete spatial intervals, the intensities of the N images recorded and digitized in this way are stored in the PC, such that a number N of successive memory locations is occupied for each pixel, which are successively filled up from the first to the Nth image, after which the respective intensity maximum / intensity maxima are determined mathematically for each pixel and evaluated / including all measurement data.
- the fact that the displacement of the sample takes place in a continuous movement results, in addition to the time advantage, in a completely jerk-free location-dependent image recording.
- the storage of the individual images takes place in a form suitable for evaluation. This means that with a total number of N images, the digitization of which is triggered during the measurement, a number N of successive memory locations are occupied in advance for each pixel. These storage locations are now successively filled up from the first to the last image.
- the advantage here is that the intensities of a pixel required for later calculation are arranged in the technically sensible order.
- the sequence that allows fast access to the measurement data is defined as a technically sensible sequence.
- a nstelle an accumulative evaluation is carried out an evaluation involving all measurement data. During the evaluation, all occurring maxima are searched. Criteria for recognizing a maximum (for example the threshold value) can be specified in a variable manner.
- the search for maxima preferably takes place according to three search methods which can be optionally specified:
- trigger pulses are taken for the location-dependent triggering of the image recording from the element that moves the sample and moves in the Z direction and carries the sample.
- the spatial distance that triggers the triggering of an image recording is set in a defined manner, a variable division of the basic increment signal generated by the location detection being carried out by means of the programming of a microprocessor.
- the image recording is performed in a discrete manner by a position detection device attached to the displacement unit Distances triggered.
- This location detection can be, for example, an increment decoder on the axis of the motor used for the displacement or an optoelectronic path scale on the travel table. If a voltage-controlled piezo actuator is used for displacement, this can be a strain gauge displacement sensor.
- the synchronization or coupling with the measuring process offers the possibility that the displacement unit can be controlled by an external controller.
- the device according to the invention can thus be integrated into an external process, preferably as a process measuring device in the production of microstructures.
- the intensities of the individual images recorded as described are completely saved.
- the storage is preferably carried out on a fixed storage medium (e.g. a hard disk) or in the main memory of the system controller.
- a mathematical approximation is preferably carried out using a mathematically describable curve shape.
- This curve shape is preferably applied as a Gauss curve, but can also have a parabolic shape.
- the determination of the curve shape can then be used to derive criteria that make it possible to exclude measured values (for example artifacts).
- noise-suppressing methods are used in the preprocessing. This means that digital signal filtering (rectangular or Gaussian filter) is used. A uf this way, the entire sample surface is inspected, so that after the measurement of a sample zone, the sample in a plane (X / Y) perpendicular moved to the optical axis of the measuring microscope, so that a neighboring sample area can be measured and immediately, and by electronically stitching the measurement results of the respectively adjacent areas a composite image of the sample surface structure is obtained.
- digital signal filtering rectangular or Gaussian filter
- a CMOS sensor is preferably used for recording, but a CCD sensor can also be used regardless of the measurement method.
- Figure 1 Circuit diagram of the confocal measuring microscope (invention)
- Figure 2 Circuit diagram of a confocal measuring microscope according to the prior art.
- Both circuit diagrams have in common the confocal optical microscope branch provided with the reference number 1, the images of which are recorded by a digital camera 2, from which they are fed via a digitizing unit 3 to a system controller 4 in digitized form. This is where the captured images are evaluated.
- the sample to be measured is located on a motorized displacement unit 5 for focusing the sample surface.
- controller ⁇ Figure 2
- the location detection on the displacement unit 5 supplies the camera-microscope unit with the trigger signals required for the image triggering.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Microscoopes, Condenser (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01909450A EP1210635A2 (de) | 2000-02-10 | 2001-01-11 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von höhenbildern technischer oberflächen in mikroskopischer auflösung |
JP2001558714A JP2003533673A (ja) | 2000-02-10 | 2001-01-11 | 顕微鏡分解能で技術的な表面の高さ画像を形成するための方法及び装置 |
US09/958,523 US6943823B2 (en) | 2000-02-10 | 2001-01-11 | Method and device for producing height images of technical surfaces with microscopic resolution |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10005852A DE10005852C2 (de) | 2000-02-10 | 2000-02-10 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Höhenbildern technischer Oberflächen in mikroskopischer Auflösung |
DE10005852.3 | 2000-02-10 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001059431A2 true WO2001059431A2 (de) | 2001-08-16 |
WO2001059431A3 WO2001059431A3 (de) | 2002-03-14 |
Family
ID=7630431
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2001/000086 WO2001059431A2 (de) | 2000-02-10 | 2001-01-11 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von höhenbildern technischer oberflächen in mikroskopischer auflösung |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6943823B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1210635A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2003533673A (de) |
DE (1) | DE10005852C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001059431A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006028409A1 (de) * | 2006-06-19 | 2007-12-20 | Polytec Gmbh | Rastermikroskop zur optischen Vermessung eines Objekts |
GB2467340B (en) * | 2009-01-30 | 2013-11-13 | Lein Applied Diagnostics Ltd | Signal sample trigger apparatus, data acquisition system and method of sampling an analogue signal |
DE102020113454A1 (de) | 2020-05-19 | 2021-11-25 | Carl Zeiss Microscopy Gmbh | Mikroskop und Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines aus mehreren mikroskopischen Einzelbildern zusammengesetzten Bildes |
DE102020118500A1 (de) | 2020-07-14 | 2022-01-20 | Carl Zeiss Microscopy Gmbh | Mikroskop und Verfahren zum Generieren eines aus mehreren mikroskopischen Teilbildern zusammengesetzten Bildes |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4141032A (en) * | 1976-12-08 | 1979-02-20 | Ernst Leitz Wetzlar Gmbh | Method of and apparatus for the expansion of the range of the depth of focus beyond the limit given by conventional images |
US4707610A (en) * | 1985-07-03 | 1987-11-17 | Siscan Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for measuring surface profiles |
US5594235A (en) * | 1993-06-17 | 1997-01-14 | Ultrapointe Corporation | Automated surface acquisition for a confocal microscope |
EP0768622A2 (de) * | 1995-10-12 | 1997-04-16 | Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erfassung und Darstellung einer dreidimensionalen Form |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4748335A (en) * | 1985-04-19 | 1988-05-31 | Siscan Systems, Inc. | Method and aparatus for determining surface profiles |
US5084712A (en) | 1987-10-23 | 1992-01-28 | Howtek, Inc. | Head tending method and apparatus for an ink jet printer |
US5084612A (en) * | 1989-10-20 | 1992-01-28 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Imaging method for scanning microscopes, and confocal scanning microscope |
JP3306858B2 (ja) * | 1995-11-02 | 2002-07-24 | 株式会社高岳製作所 | 立体形状計測装置 |
JP4146916B2 (ja) * | 1997-01-08 | 2008-09-10 | オリンパス株式会社 | 画像入力装置 |
JP3438855B2 (ja) * | 1997-01-23 | 2003-08-18 | 横河電機株式会社 | 共焦点装置 |
JPH1184223A (ja) * | 1997-09-03 | 1999-03-26 | Fujitsu Ltd | 自動位置検出方法及び自動位置検出装置 |
US6366357B1 (en) * | 1998-03-05 | 2002-04-02 | General Scanning, Inc. | Method and system for high speed measuring of microscopic targets |
-
2000
- 2000-02-10 DE DE10005852A patent/DE10005852C2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-01-11 EP EP01909450A patent/EP1210635A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-01-11 WO PCT/DE2001/000086 patent/WO2001059431A2/de active Application Filing
- 2001-01-11 JP JP2001558714A patent/JP2003533673A/ja active Pending
- 2001-01-11 US US09/958,523 patent/US6943823B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4141032A (en) * | 1976-12-08 | 1979-02-20 | Ernst Leitz Wetzlar Gmbh | Method of and apparatus for the expansion of the range of the depth of focus beyond the limit given by conventional images |
US4707610A (en) * | 1985-07-03 | 1987-11-17 | Siscan Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for measuring surface profiles |
US5594235A (en) * | 1993-06-17 | 1997-01-14 | Ultrapointe Corporation | Automated surface acquisition for a confocal microscope |
EP0768622A2 (de) * | 1995-10-12 | 1997-04-16 | Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erfassung und Darstellung einer dreidimensionalen Form |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2001059431A3 (de) | 2002-03-14 |
US6943823B2 (en) | 2005-09-13 |
DE10005852C2 (de) | 2002-01-17 |
DE10005852A1 (de) | 2001-08-23 |
EP1210635A2 (de) | 2002-06-05 |
US20020167659A1 (en) | 2002-11-14 |
JP2003533673A (ja) | 2003-11-11 |
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