WO2001057329A1 - Couche structurelle de plancher et paroi - Google Patents

Couche structurelle de plancher et paroi Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001057329A1
WO2001057329A1 PCT/FI2001/000099 FI0100099W WO0157329A1 WO 2001057329 A1 WO2001057329 A1 WO 2001057329A1 FI 0100099 W FI0100099 W FI 0100099W WO 0157329 A1 WO0157329 A1 WO 0157329A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
constructional
floor
wall
panels
channels
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2001/000099
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hans Gylling
Original Assignee
Hans Gylling
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FI20000227A external-priority patent/FI20000227A/fi
Priority claimed from FI20000228A external-priority patent/FI20000228A0/fi
Application filed by Hans Gylling filed Critical Hans Gylling
Priority to AU2001235505A priority Critical patent/AU2001235505A1/en
Publication of WO2001057329A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001057329A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/007—Outer coverings for walls with ventilating means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/008—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against entry of noxious gases, e.g. Radon
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/0023—Building characterised by incorporated canalisations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/70—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents
    • E04B1/7069—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents by ventilating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/48—Special adaptations of floors for incorporating ducts, e.g. for heating or ventilating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
    • E04C2/52—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits
    • E04C2/521—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling
    • E04C2/523—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling for ventilating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a constructional layer of floor and wall, which has been formed with constructional panels of floor and constructional panels of wall, and there are mainly horizontal channels in constructional panels of floor and mainly vertical channels in constructional panels of wall in this constructional layer to transfer and circulate gas, like air, by means of channels in system of channels constructed inside the constructional layer.
  • Moisture in lower floor in present buildings has been tried to minimise by organizing sufficient ventilation in lower floor by building a wooden floor with crawl space or by a ventilated lower floor. Access of gases to indoor air has been prevented by a ventilated lower floor by means of separate radon-exhauster or radon well. Building of a ventilated lower floor to a present building is though extremely difficult and expensive. To solve these problems different kinds of ventilated constructional layers, made of slabs, bricks or other constructional elements have been developed to be mounted on the lower floor. These can naturally be mounted also on upper layers and on intermediate floors.
  • the aim of this invention is to create a constructional layer of floor and wall, by means of which earlier mentioned problems are solved.
  • the purpose of the invention is especially to create a constructional layer of floor and wall, where channels inside of the constructional layers of floor and wall can be with ease joined to each other.
  • the aim of the invention is to create a constructional layer of floor and wall, the mounting of which does not demand exact matching of the constructional panels, and in which the access of mortar to system of channels inside of the constructional layer is prevented.
  • Characteristic of the constructional layer of floor and wall according to the invention is that there are constructional panels at the connecting points of wall and floor on the floor, and in these constructional panels there is at least on one edge at least one, mainly vertical, up to horizontal channels from the upper surface of the constructional panel reaching opening to connect the channels of constructional panels of floor to channels of constructional panels of wall.
  • constructional panels of wall with channel in the lower surface to be matched with openings in constructional panel of floor are placed to match these openings, systems of channels of floor and wall can be connected to each other simply and easily without separate connecting constructions between systems of channels of floor and wall.
  • a cantilever upwards from the upper surface at the upper point of the openings of the constructional panels of floor to connect the constructional panels of floor and wall to each other and to prevent the access of mortar to openings.
  • a constructional panel of wall with a groove-like channel at least on the lower surface matching to a cantilever is connected with constructional panels of floor, the connecting point of channels of floor and wall is placed above the connecting point of constructional panels.
  • mortar used to fasten the joint between the panels is placed under the orifice of the openings and is not able to flow into the openings.
  • the constructional panels of wall can always be placed exactly to the right place without special adjusting, which makes the mounting and/or masonry of constructional panels easier and faster.
  • channels inside constructional panels of floor are crossing and diagonally placed against the edges of constructional panels. Bernold -phenomenon, e.g. appearance of whirls and prevention of flow in the channels perpendicularly with regard to flow is prevented by crossing channels of constructional panels of floor that are diagonally placed with regard to direction of flow of air. Consequently drying and ventilating of the structure is accomplished steadily and therefore the time that is needed for the structure to get dry is clearly shorter when using the structure according to the invention than when using known structures.
  • channels of constructional panels of floor are closed at least on one edge of the constructional panel and in the closed edge there is one or several compartments connected to diagonal channels to connect openings to diagonal channels.
  • diagonal channels can be connected to openings relatively simply and reliably. Furthermore this way a strong structure that steadily bears the load of the constructional layer of wall in the area near the openings can be created.
  • grooves are made on the upper surface of constructional panels of floor for net-like fixing organs and for supporting and sealing of plate walls. Because of the reinforcement net mounted into the grooves the structure becomes steady and strong and therefore tight at the joints. Furthermore a plate wall, separated by an air space from the other wall structure can be tightly supported to constructional panels of floor with the help of the grooves.
  • the sixth advantageous application of the invention there is at least one mainly horizontal groove-like channel in the horizontal lower surface of the constructional panel of wall and at least one cantilever to be fixed tightly to horizontal channel mainly at the point of vertical channels on the horizontal upper surface of constructional panel.
  • This is how constructional panels of wall can be connected to each other in direction of thickness of wall to mach exactly without special adjusting operations.
  • the height of the cantilever of the upper surface of the constructional panel of wall is smaller than the depth of channel of the lower surface.
  • the eighth advantageous application of the invention there is at least one mainly vertical from the horizontal groove-like channel through constructional panel to the opposite side going channel in the constructional panel of wall.
  • horizontal channels are to be connected reliably and simply to each other vertically to the wall.
  • vertical channels need not necessarily match vertically to wall in a constructional layer of wall made of this kind of constructional panels, because vertical channels are connected to groove-like channels on the lower surface. Therefore this kind of constructional panels need not be adjusted, but it is enough to put constructional panels against each other side by side and on top of each other in order to accomplish a wall construction with channels. This makes it easier and faster to build a constructional layer of wall.
  • the ninth advantageous application of the invention there is at least one groove in the first gable wall of constructional panel of wall and at least one cantilever to be tightly adjusted to the groove in the second gable wall in order to connect constructional panels of wall to each other side by side. This way it is made easier to adjust constructional panels next to each other and the joint between panels is made more tight and the constructional layer of wall more straight in a simple and useful way.
  • figure 1 illustrates a partial sectioned perspective view of a constructional layer of floor and wall according to the invention
  • figure 2 illustrates a partial sectioned perspective view of a constructional panel of floor to be mounted in the central part of the floor of the constructional layer according to figure 1
  • figure 3 illustrates a partial sectioned perspective view of a constructional panel of floor to be mounted next to the wall of constructional layer according to figure 1
  • figure 4 illustrates a partial sectioned perspective view of constructional panel of floor to be mounted to the corner of constructional layer according to figure 1
  • figure 5 illustrates a partial sectioned perspective view of constructional panel of wall to be mounted on the wall of constructional layer according to figure 1
  • figure 6 illustrates a partial sectioned perspective view of the connection point of wall and floor of constructional layer according to figure 1.
  • the floor 1 has been made of constructional panels 4a-c of floor, which have been attached side by side to the floor, and the walls 2 and 3 of constructional panels 5 of wall, which have been attached on each other and side by side to the wall.
  • constructional panels of floor There are three different types of constructional panels of floor in the application according to figure 1; the floor panel 4a to be placed in the middle of the floor, the constructional panel 4b to be placed next to the wall, and the constructional panel 4c to be placed in the corner (not presented in figure 1).
  • Different types of constructional panels of floor are presented more detailed in figures 2-4.
  • the walls are made of constructional panels 5 of wall, which are all alike.
  • the constructional panel of wall is presented more detailed in figure 5.
  • the system of channels 6 of the constructional layer according to figure 1 is connected to ventilation system that is functioning in a manner known per se (not presented in figures 1-6).
  • a slab 7 on the lower surface of which channels 8 have been constructed, that are crosswise and placed in 45° angle against the edges of the slab and open from the lower surface of the slab and cross section of which is rectangular.
  • FIG 3 there is a constructional panel 4b that belongs to the constructional layer of floor made out of constructional panels in figures 1 and 2, and that is the outermost panel, partly under the wall, and that is connected to the channels of constructional panels of wall. It has been constructed, like the constructional panel in figure 2, from slab 10, on the lower surface in the middle and on the edges that are connected to other constructional panels of which similar channels 11, like in the panels in figure 2, have been made. Furthermore to the edge 12 next to the wall of slab 10 right-angled, blocked from the edges compartments 13, have been made. At the place where these compartments are there are openings 14, cross section of which is rectangular and which go through constructional panel in vertical direction.
  • the purpose of the openings is to connect constructional layer of floor with system of channels with the wall construction with system of channels.
  • a right- angled cantilever 15 suitable to the groove in the constructional panel of wall at the place where the openings are. Because of it the constructional panel of wall can be mounted on the constructional panel of floor suitable in relation to openings so, that the openings 14 in the constructional panel of floor match in direction of thickness of the wall with the groove-like channels in the constructional panel of wall.
  • grooves 16 with inclined edges that match with grooves of the slab of the constructional panel in figures 1 and 2 for the reinforcement net.
  • FIG 4 there is the constructional panel 4c of floor to be mounted in the corner. It has been constructed in a similar way as the application in figure 3 of the slab 17, on the lower surface of which there are crossing channels 18, which have a connection to openings 20 through compartments 19. As distinct from the constructional panel in figure 3 it includes openings 20 and cantilevers 21 at the point where they are, to two edges 22 and 23 that are situated perpendicular to each other. This way with constructional panels 5 of wall that are mounted at the point where the openings 20 and cantilevers 21 are, a rectangular corner which is connected to system of channels on floor can be constructed. Also this constructional panel includes grooves 37 on the upper surface for concrete reinforcement bars.
  • Constructional panel 5 of wall according to figure 5 includes a horizontal groove-like channel 25 on the lower surface 24, 4 pcs of vertical hole-like channels 27 which are situated with even intervals longitudinally with the constructional panel, going from the horizontal groove-like channel through the constructional panel up to upper surface 26, Li- shaped grooves 28, which are constructed to both edges of the upper surface for the reinforcement bars, a rectangular cantilever 29, which has been constructed to match inside the horizontal groove-like channel at the point where the hole-like channels in the middle of the upper surface are, a vertical rectangular groove 31 from the groove-like channel 25 to the upper surface in the front gable 30 and a rectangular cantilever 33 to match the groove 31 in the back gable 32. Furthermore the constructional panel according to figure 1 includes also the level side walls 34 and 35, one against the outer wall or the separating wall of the building and the other serves as the inside wall of the room to be lined with the constructional layer.
  • Figure 6 shows how the system of channels of floor is connected by constructional panel 4b, placed by the wall to constructional panels 5 of wall which form the system of channels of wall.
  • Vertical openings 14 in the constructional panels 4b of floor placed by the wall are connected to horizontal groove-like channels 25 on the horizontal lower surfaces of constructional panels of wall, which have a connection through vertical channels 27 further up to horizontal channels of the next constructional layer of panels.
  • the purpose of the cantilevers is also to prevent the access of mortar to openings which could block the opening or the channels of the floor below it. Similar way the purpose of the cantilevers 29 in the constructional panels of wall is to make it easier to mount the constructional layers of walls and to prevent the blockage of the channels, which are formed in them.
  • the channels 8, 1 1 and 18 are crossing in this application.
  • the purpose of the crossing approach is to create an even flow in the floor and to prevent the development of the Bernold-fenomenon at the crossing points of the channels.
  • the direction of flow in the walls is mainly vertical, so there the channels 25 and 27 can be organised for instance according to figure 1 in the direction of the direction of flow and perpendicular to it.
  • damp proof mass layer 36 that is used between the constructional panels of floor and other construction of floor is also presented.
  • it is a bitumen mass layer of suitable thickness. It helps to prevent the access of dampness and hazardous gases to areas between system of channels of constructional panels where the effect of ventilation is less significant than at the place where the channels are.
  • the constructional panels of wall and floor according to the invention can be made of different kinds of materials. As material suitable are different kinds of setting, laid materials, like concrete, but also different kinds of plastics and metals are possible.
  • the size and shape of constructional panels can vary, in that case they can be of other shape and size than the constructional panels presented in figures 2-5.
  • the system of channels and grooves for the reinforcement net can be made by using, for example, moulding technique or by working them afterwards.
  • the shape and direction of the channels of constructional panels of floor can to some extent vary. It is flow technically advantageous if the channels are crossing and in diagonal position with the direction of the edges of the constructional panels. There is no demand, however, that they should be, for example, exactly in 45° angle, also other diagonal angles with the edges are advantageous in this respect.
  • the rectangular shape of the cross section of the channels is simple and advantageous to make, but the shape of channels can also be of other kind, for instance vaulted.
  • the direction of the channels need not be exactly the vertical direction of the constructional layer of the wall made of the panels, it can vary for instance according to the position and direction of other channels.
  • the vertical channels must, however, go through the constructional panel so that vertical channels are formed between the horizontal channels.
  • Air or some other suitable gas may be transferred and circulated in the system of channels formed this way.
  • the shape of the cross section of the channels of constructional panels can also vary.
  • the access of moisture arising from the soil to constructions of walls and floors of a building can effectively be prevented by a constructional layer according to the invention.
  • Constructional panels of floor can be fixed to different kinds of lower and intermediate floors and between them and other constructions of floor other insulation materials or vapor barriers than bitumen mass can be used.
  • Ventilated constructional layer of wall and floor according to the invention can be connected to the same ventilating system or air circulation can be organised for instance with a few ventilating systems separately.
  • Air ventilation can be either mechanical or gravity- operated and also heat recollection system can be included in air ventilation system.
  • Constructional layer according to the invention can be used in many different kinds of buildings. It is suitable in building new and in renovation building.
  • a ventilated constructional layer can be built for instance as an answer to high humidity problems in old buildings.
  • Constructional layers, made of ventilated constructional panels according to the invention can be used in constructing new buildings in floor and in all or only in some critical walls from the point of view of high humidity.
  • Constructional panels that form constructional layer of wall and floor can include also additional parts like cantilevers, grooves or holes for connecting and attaching panels with each other.
  • This kind of additional grooves and/or holes can be made suitable with different kinds of fixing organs and this way joints of constructional panels can be strengthened with some concrete reinforcement suitable for this purpose like reinforcement rod. If needed, joints can be sealed with different kinds of sealants.
  • different kinds of insulation materials against moisture and/or vapor barriers can be used when required.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur une couche structurelle de plancher et paroi conçue dans des panneaux de construction (4a-c) pour plancher et dans des panneaux de construction (5) pour paroi. Dans cette couche structurelle, des canaux horizontaux (8, 11, 18) des panneaux de plancher et des canaux verticaux (27) des panneaux de paroi assurent le transfert et la circulation d'un gaz tel que l'air avec l'aide du système de canaux (6) conçus à l'intérieur de la couche structurelle. Cette couche structurelle de plancher et paroi se caractérise en ce que les panneaux (4b, 4c) du plancher placés aux points de raccordement de la paroi et du plancher comportent au moins un bord (12, 22, 23) au niveau d'une ouverture verticale (14, 20) partant de la surface supérieure du panneau de construction et aboutissant aux panneaux horizontaux (11, 18) de façon à raccorder les canaux (25, 27) des panneaux (5) de la paroi avec les canaux (11, 18) des panneaux du plancher.
PCT/FI2001/000099 2000-02-04 2001-02-05 Couche structurelle de plancher et paroi WO2001057329A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001235505A AU2001235505A1 (en) 2000-02-04 2001-02-05 Structure layer of floor and wall

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20000228 2000-02-04
FI20000227A FI20000227A (fi) 2000-02-04 2000-02-04 Lattian rakenne-elementti
FI20000228A FI20000228A0 (fi) 2000-02-04 2000-02-04 Seinän rakenne-elementti
FI20000227 2000-02-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001057329A1 true WO2001057329A1 (fr) 2001-08-09

Family

ID=26160937

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI2001/000099 WO2001057329A1 (fr) 2000-02-04 2001-02-05 Couche structurelle de plancher et paroi

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2001235505A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001057329A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006041389A1 (fr) * 2004-10-13 2006-04-20 Strategiverket-Af Klintberg Systeme de protection contre l'humidite et procede de protection d'un espace contre l'humidite
GB2434594A (en) * 2006-01-25 2007-08-01 Mehdi Robert Teers Modular building system
NL2000550C2 (nl) * 2007-03-21 2008-09-23 Arnhem Bv J G Stelsel van vloerelementen alsmede een werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van de vloerelementen en een werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een vloerconstructie met behulp van de vloerelementen.
WO2009154561A1 (fr) * 2008-06-18 2009-12-23 Hinnovation Ab Panneau de construction, système de construction de bâtiment comprenant un panneau de construction et utilisation d'un panneau de construction dans une salle humide
US20130264001A1 (en) * 2012-03-05 2013-10-10 Victor Amend Subfloor component and method of manufacturing same
ITMO20130287A1 (it) * 2013-10-11 2015-04-12 Enzo Frauli Metodo per la creazione di cavita' vuote, con un sistema di moduli edili precostruiti, da utilizzare durante il procedimento di costruzione di un edificio con pareti e piani in cemento armato.
US9803356B2 (en) 2013-03-08 2017-10-31 Terra Vent Systems Inc. Radon gas mitigation systems and apparatus

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE538320C (de) * 1926-05-21 1931-11-12 John Murray Leighton Heiz-, Kuehl- und Lueftungseinrichtung fuer Gebaeude
SE340681B (fr) * 1970-04-09 1971-11-29 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab
SE458696B (sv) * 1986-10-01 1989-04-24 Sundolitt Ab Golvisolerskiva och anvaendning av densamma
DK165557B (da) * 1983-05-26 1992-12-14 Dow Chemical Co Isolationspanel til den ydre isolering og ydre draening af vaegge under jorden

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE538320C (de) * 1926-05-21 1931-11-12 John Murray Leighton Heiz-, Kuehl- und Lueftungseinrichtung fuer Gebaeude
SE340681B (fr) * 1970-04-09 1971-11-29 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab
DK165557B (da) * 1983-05-26 1992-12-14 Dow Chemical Co Isolationspanel til den ydre isolering og ydre draening af vaegge under jorden
SE458696B (sv) * 1986-10-01 1989-04-24 Sundolitt Ab Golvisolerskiva och anvaendning av densamma

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006041389A1 (fr) * 2004-10-13 2006-04-20 Strategiverket-Af Klintberg Systeme de protection contre l'humidite et procede de protection d'un espace contre l'humidite
GB2434594A (en) * 2006-01-25 2007-08-01 Mehdi Robert Teers Modular building system
NL2000550C2 (nl) * 2007-03-21 2008-09-23 Arnhem Bv J G Stelsel van vloerelementen alsmede een werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van de vloerelementen en een werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een vloerconstructie met behulp van de vloerelementen.
EP1972735A1 (fr) * 2007-03-21 2008-09-24 J.G. Van Arnhem B.V. Système d'éléments de plancher et procédé pour la fabrication d'éléments de plancher, et procédé pour la fabrication d'une construction de plancher utilisant les éléments de plancher
WO2009154561A1 (fr) * 2008-06-18 2009-12-23 Hinnovation Ab Panneau de construction, système de construction de bâtiment comprenant un panneau de construction et utilisation d'un panneau de construction dans une salle humide
US20130264001A1 (en) * 2012-03-05 2013-10-10 Victor Amend Subfloor component and method of manufacturing same
US9803356B2 (en) 2013-03-08 2017-10-31 Terra Vent Systems Inc. Radon gas mitigation systems and apparatus
US10060121B2 (en) 2013-03-08 2018-08-28 Terra Vent Systems Inc. Radon gas mitigation systems and apparatus
ITMO20130287A1 (it) * 2013-10-11 2015-04-12 Enzo Frauli Metodo per la creazione di cavita' vuote, con un sistema di moduli edili precostruiti, da utilizzare durante il procedimento di costruzione di un edificio con pareti e piani in cemento armato.

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