Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
  • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
  • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
  • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
  • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
  • F23L9/02—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air above the fire
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F23M11/00—Safety arrangements
  • F23M11/04—Means for supervising combustion, e.g. windows
  • F23M11/045—Means for supervising combustion, e.g. windows by observing the flame
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
  • F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
  • F23N2229/18—Flame sensor cooling means
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
  • F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
  • F23N2229/20—Camera viewing

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a supply device for supplying fluid to an internal combustion chamber of a heat generating plant, such as a boiler, incinerator iur- nace and technically corresponding apparatus, said supply device being of the kind defined in the preamble of Claim 1.
• the device also enables different fluids or solids to be supplied at different time points, through one or more of said pipes, so that a new optimal operating point can be set in relation to the prevailing operating state of the combustion chamber.
• a particular advantage afforded by the known devices is that one or more pipes can be withdrawn while still enabling the combustion or gasification process to continue with the use of the remaining pipes.
• a supply device of the kind defined must be able to operate reliably over a long period of time in a demanding environment, in which not least the pipe inserted in the combustion chamber is subjected to high stresses and strains as a result of the high temperature and the corrosive environment that prevail. It is also necessary to take into account the changes in temperature that occur when the pipe is withdrawn for cleaning, normally 3-6 times per calendar day.
• combustion plants that are equipped with fluid supply devices of the aforedescribed kind, there is a desire to make the combustion process more ef- fective and to reduce the emission of environmentally harmful substances.
• Claims 6 and 7 define a supply device with which effective cooling of both the nozzle-equipped supply device and the camera lens are cooled effectively.
• the invention also enables the exit angles, the rate of flow and the pressure of the exiting fluid to be adapted continuously with the aid of computer supported image analysis, by rotating the pipe to positions that are in accord with the signals or information that are constantly provided by the image analysis and that disclose changes in ambient conditions, in accordance with the invention.
• the supply device is provided in practice with a motor, e.g. an electric motor that includes a chain drive, which turns the pipe automatically to appropriate settings in relation to the result obtained with the image analysis.
• a motor e.g. an electric motor that includes a chain drive
• the coolant pipe or pipes and the return passageway are conveniently provided on their outer surfaces with connections, preferably quick-couplings, for con- necting-up flexible hoses that are able to accompany the pipe as it moves axially out from and into the combustion chamber.
• Figure 1 is a perspective sectioned view of the combustion chamber of a heat generating plant, such as a trash or garbage incinerator, equipped with an inventive air supply device, said device being shown in an active state.
• Figure 2 is a perspective view of some of the essential components of the supply device shown in Figure 1.
• Figure 3 is a broken perspective view of the fluid conveying pipe of the supply device shown in Figures 1 and 2, said pipe having an outer barrel and cooling pipes or ducts.
• Figure 4 is a side view of the outer end of the fluid conveying pipe, and shows a suspension arrangement and fluid connections and coolant connections.
• Figure 5 is a detailed sectional view of part of the wall of the combustion plant, and a housing which is located at the end of the supply device and which functions to house the pipe cleaning elements.
• Figure 6 is a vertical sectional view through the pipe, and shows three threaded openings spaced at different angular distances apart.
• Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of part of a supply device in which there is screwed a plug that accommodates a camera lens and that includes openings through which cleaning air is blown.
• Figures 8A-8C illustrate three different types of plug that can be screwed into the threaded openings shown in Figure 6.
• Figure 9 is an end view of the inner end of the supply device, said inner end including a flange connection with associated releasable sealing arrangements for co-action with the displaceable pipe.
• Figure 10 is a sectional view taken on the line X-X in Figure 9, from which it will be seen that the sealing arrangement is duplicated and that the intermediate space is placed under pressure by the secondary air supplied, so as to reduce boiler leakage as a result of displacement of the pipe.
• Figure 1 illustrates a combustion plant 2 in the form of a furnace for burning solid fuels, said furnace including a bottom grating (not shown) and an upper combustion chamber 3.
• the fuel may be delivered to the furnace either intermittently or continuously, and the air of combustion is injected in the form of primary air, from beneatii and up through the grating, thereby generating combustion gases in the combustion chamber 3.
• the supply device includes an axially movable pipe 5 which enters the combustion chamber 3 through an opening in the furnace wall.
• the supply device 1 supplies secondary air for the final combustion of gaseous reaction products and solid particles in the combustion chamber 3. Some of these particles settle on the inner surfaces of the combustion chamber 3, these surfaces being clad with externally insulated water or steam carrying tubes 4. Thus particles also settle on the supply pipes 5, wherewith the openings 5e through which the secondary air is delivered may become blocked either completely or partially, therewith negatively affecting the secondary air supply. As a result, combustion will be incomplete and will result in the type of problem mentioned above.
• a curtain system that includes a plurality of mutually parallel pipes 5 of this kind at one or more levels in the combustion chamber 3.
• the pipes 5 are provided with nozzle-shaped openings 5e along the full length of the barrel surface of respective pipes.
• the openings 5e may have mutually different pitches or spacings, and several mutually angled rows of openings may be disposed along the pipes in a manner described in more detail hereinafter with reference to Figures 6 and 8.
• These openings may be fitted with plugs 5f, 5g, 5h that may optionally function as nozzles.
• a fluid e.g. secondary air with an admixture of concentrated ammonia, recycled flue gas and/or gaseous oxygen at high pressure, is delivered through the medium of a fan or blower (not shown) connected to a collection box 6 from which flexible hoses 7 extend, said hoses being connected to the end-flanges 5b of respec- five pipes 5 by means of quick-couplings.
• the pipes 5 are moved axially into and out of the chamber 3 at longer or shorter time intervals, for instance 3-6 times per calendar day. This enables the emission level of the combustion process to be kept at an optimum level.
• the supply device 1 illustrated in Figure 1 is comprised of an elongate module unit that can be applied detachably to the wall 2a of the combustion plant in the region of a pipe accommodating opening in said wall.
• the modular unit is con- structed around a frame part 10 of generally square cross-section.
• the frame part 10 has at one end a cleaning device in the form of steel pins 8, which function as brushes, and their drive means as described hereinafter with reference to Figure 5.
• a housing 11 in which the cleaning device 8 and its drive means 41-47 are housed is provided with connecting means that have a connecting flange 35 which surrounds the pipe accommodating opening in the wall 2a.
• Extending along the frame part 10 is an upper guide 12 for a carriage 13 which supports the pipe 5 in the region of its outer end, through the medium of links 14, 15 and a generally U-shaped element 16 surrounding the pipe 5.
• the pipe is rotatably mounted to enable the direction of outgoing fluid flows to be optimally set.
• the pipe drive means is comprised of an electric motor 20 disposed at the inner end of the frame part 10, said electric motor 20 rotating a shaft 22 via a chain 21 that runs around a sprocket wheel or chain wheel 23 carried by the shaft 22,.
• Another chain wheel 25 is mounted on a shaft 26 at the other end of the frame part 10. Extending over the chain wheels 23, 25 is a chain 24 which is connected to the link arm 15 via a connecting element 27, such that the pipe 5 will be moved in either direction, depending on the direction of rotation of the electric motor 20.
• the guide 12 arranged in the region of the roof of the frame part 10 has lower angled legs that define a downwardly facing opening from which the downwardly directed central part 13a of the T-shaped carriage 13 projects.
• the carriage 13 is able to slide on the beam serving as a guide means, or may be equipped with wheels or rollers for facilitating said movement.
• the pipe 5 is comprised of a pipe barrel 5 a pro- vided with nozzles or nozzle-like openings 5e, and an inner tube 5b which has at its outer end a connecting flange 5k for co-action with a coupling 7a on the flexible hose 7.
• Each pipe 5 may have, for instance, three rows of nozzles or jet openings 5e that are disposed at different angular distances from each other. This enables the pipe to be set to its most optimum position, either by rotating the pipe and/or by plugging one or more of the jet openings or all of said jet openings in one or more rows in conjunction with installing the device, said plugs either being devoid of openings, i.e. may be blind, or including nozzles that have nozzle orifices of mutually the same or mutually different diameters, so that the direction and size of the flow of fluid exiting from the pipe will be at an optimum for the combustion process concerned.
• the outer barrel 5 a and the inner pipe 5b both have a closed inner end and ac- commodate to some extent three coolant ducts 5c that extend helically around the inner pipe 5b.
• the coolant ducts 5c are provided at their outer ends with a connection, e.g. a quick-coupling, which is covered by a casing 51 and which is intended for co-action with a flexible coolant-supply hose 30.
• a connection, e.g. a quick-coupling, for a further flexible hose through which the coolant departs is covered by a similar casing 5f.
• the coolant ducts 5c are open at their inner ends, so that the coolant leaving the ducts obtains a helical return passageway 5i in the spaces defined between the outer barrel 5a, the inner pipe 5b, and the coolant ducts 5c.
• the arrangement il- lustrated in Figure 3 affords very effective cooling of the pipe 5.
• FIG. 5 The cross-sectional view shown in Figure 5 is intended to illustrate that the housing 11 for the cleaning devices has two or more mutually opposing steel pins which are carried by holder elements and which function as brushes, wherein said holder elements execute a controlled or guided rotary movement around the pipe 5 as the pipe moves into and out of the combustion chamber 3, thereby utilising the centrifugal force thus generated to effectively clean the pipe.
• the brushes 8 are disposed on a holder 40 carried by a ro- tatable shaft 41 which has at one end thereof a gearwheel 42 that rolls against the inner teeth of a fixedly mounted toothed wheel 43.
• the shaft 41 is fitted to a chain wheel 48, via a ball bearing 50, a bushing 51 and the holder 49.
• the rotational force is transferred via a motor-driven chain 47 that engages the chain wheel 48, the motor driving said chain not being shown in the figure.
• the chain wheel 48 is, in turn, mounted for co-action with the toothed ring 43 via V-shaped wheels 44 that engage in a similar V-shaped groove in the periphery of the toothed ring 43.
• the brushes 8 rotate at a high speed and strike against the pipe 5 forcibly, although also gently, so as to effectively dislodge soot and other particle deposits.
• the axial displacement of the pipe also results in the treatment of the entire barrel surface and the nozzle open- ings disposed therein.
• the unit 39 with its steel pins 8 can be easily exchanged in its entirety, after loosening the shaft 41, by releasing its nuts and bolts.
• Figure 7 illustrate a plug 9 screwed into the opening 5 c in the pipe 5.
• the plug 9 is provided with a camera lens 60 which enables an on-line-study and/or photoe- lectric recording of the combustion process to be made through the medium of a conductor connection 61. This enables the combustion process in the chamber 3 to be influenced through the medium of signals sent, for instance, to a pressure- and-flow regulating fan or blower.
• the illustrated lens 60 is a wide angled lens that enables, in principle, the entire hearth to be filled and displayed continuously directly on a display screen or via a video in a control room.
• the plug 9 includes a large number of exit openings 63 of small diameter, through which air, consisting of the process air delivered to the combustion chamber 3, is injected to blow clean the lens 60 and to cool said lens.
• the lens 60 and its conductor connection 66 are also cooled by surrounding coolant, i.e. water, in the aforedescribed helical flow path, and can thereby be kept free from deposits.
• coolant i.e. water
• the "coarser" cleaning process effected via the brush system described with reference to Figure 5 is also a contributory factor in this regard.
• That part of the camera lens 60 accommodated in the plug 9 is spaced at a dis- tance from the plug periphery such as to enable convection and radiant energy to be transmitted from the cold pipe wall to the lens.
• the pipe 5 is also provided with an electric motor by means of which the pipe can be rotated through 180° in either direction via a chain drive (not shown).
• Accurate mapping of current temperature zones can be effected by inserting the pipe stepwise, for instance through half a meter at a time, and reading-off the temperature each time insertion of the pipe is stopped.
• the camera can also be used in this process. After having mapped the propagation of these temperature zones, those nozzles 9 that shall be open and those nozzles that shall be plugged to obtain the best function are determined.
• the pipe may also be rotated during the course of the testing process, said pipe being rotatable as mentioned in the aforegoing.
• the pipe has three rows of nozzle openings 5e which are disposed at mutually different angular distances, e.g. angular distances of 90°, 120° and 150° respectively.
• angular distances e.g. 90°, 120° and 150° respectively.
• Remaining nozzle openings 5e may be fitted with respective nozzles 5g and 5h of the type illustrated in Figure 8B and in Figure 8C respectively, thereby also enabling the magnitude of the flow exiting from the pipe to be regulated.
• nozzles 5g that have small openings may be placed close to the outer end of the pipe, whereas nozzles 5h that have large openings may be screwed into the inner end of the pipe. This will thus enable different flows to be obtained in the longitudinal direction of the pipe.
• threaded nozzles 5g, 5h e.g. having opening-diameters of 5, 10, 12, 15 and 20 mm, may be used.
• Figures 9 and 10 illustrate a double sealing arrangement 35 which functions similarly to two iris diaphragms or shutters and which is disposed on a connecting flange 36 for connection to the boiler wall 2a at the inner end of the supply device, said inner end having a bottom flange 47.
• the sealing arrangement 35 has two arrays of sealing elements on a sealing device 37 which has the form of a circular ring and which includes a toning flange 49, said device being rotatably carried via a centre bolt 39 and provided with arcuate slots 38 in which the bolt 39 can run.?
• Respective toning flanges 49 are also provided with arcuate slots in which the bolt 39 can run.
• the toning flange 49 is provided with a turning arm 40 by means of which the flange 49 can be rotated through the medium of the piston rod (not shown) of a pneumatic or an hydraulic cylinder (not shown) fitted to the frame part 10, wherewith rotation of said flange 49 causes the sealing elements 37 to move radially outwards or radially inwards, depending on the direction in which the flange is rotated.
• sealing elements Radial inward movement of the sealing elements causes said elements to abut the pipe 5.
• the sealing elements are moved out of engagement with the pipe 5 when rotated in the other direction, therewith enabling the pipe to be moved axially.
• the two parts of the double sealing arrangement 35 are spaced axially apart.
• a fluid in the illustrated case secondary air, is deliv- ered to the intermediate space 42 via a peripherally disposed air sleeve or nipple 45.
• the air sleeve 45 is supplied with the same secondary air as that delivered to the combustion chamber, via a separate conduit (not shown).
• the fluid supplied thus has a double purpose.
• a double sealing arrangement of the described kind with separate supply of secondary air for sealing purposes in conjunction with axial movement of the pipe has been found in practice to be much more effective than an arrangement that includes only one single set of sealing elements of the aforedescribed kind that function similarly to an iris diaphragm or shutter.
• the arrangement also ensures a reliable result from the aforedescribed timing process in which the camera lens 60 is used.
• reference numeral 47 in Figure 10 identifies bottom flanges associated with the double sealing arrangement, while reference numeral 48 identifies a spacing element, 49 identifies two turning flanges and 50 identifies two guide flanges.
• the pipes will normally have a length of 3-6 meters. Both longer and shorter pipe lengths, however, may be used.
• the module construction of the supply device enables the device to be adapted relatively easily to pipe lengths desired in different individual cases.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
• Cleaning In General (AREA)
• Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
• Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
• Telephone Function (AREA)
• Control Of Combustion (AREA)
• Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
• Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
• Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
• Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Priority Applications (6)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=20278105

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (11)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (4)

Citations (4)

• 2000
  • 2000-01-14 SE SE0000103A patent/SE515645C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2001
  • 2001-01-12 DE DE60106723T patent/DE60106723T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2001-01-12 AU AU28959/01A patent/AU780381B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2001-01-12 AT AT01942407T patent/ATE280927T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2001-01-12 CN CNB018036740A patent/CN1154802C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2001-01-12 WO PCT/SE2001/000051 patent/WO2001051854A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 2001-01-12 EP EP20010942407 patent/EP1247047B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2001-01-12 KR KR1020027008277A patent/KR100779584B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2001-01-12 CA CA002394677A patent/CA2394677A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2001-01-12 PL PL356586A patent/PL196745B1/pl unknown
• 2002
  • 2002-06-24 ZA ZA200205068A patent/ZA200205068B/en unknown

Patent Citations (4)

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