WO2001048154A1 - Agent de maturation pour cellules dendritiques immatures - Google Patents
Agent de maturation pour cellules dendritiques immatures Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001048154A1 WO2001048154A1 PCT/JP2000/009358 JP0009358W WO0148154A1 WO 2001048154 A1 WO2001048154 A1 WO 2001048154A1 JP 0009358 W JP0009358 W JP 0009358W WO 0148154 A1 WO0148154 A1 WO 0148154A1
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- dendritic cells
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- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
- C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
- C12N5/0634—Cells from the blood or the immune system
- C12N5/0639—Dendritic cells, e.g. Langherhans cells in the epidermis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
- A61K2035/124—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells the cells being hematopoietic, bone marrow derived or blood cells
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/555—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
- A61K2039/55588—Adjuvants of undefined constitution
- A61K2039/55594—Adjuvants of undefined constitution from bacteria
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N2501/00—Active agents used in cell culture processes, e.g. differentation
- C12N2501/05—Adjuvants
- C12N2501/052—Lipopolysaccharides [LPS]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to dendritic cells matured using the cell wall skeleton of Bacillus bacillus Calmette-Guerin of Mycobacterium bovis (hereinafter referred to as BCG-CWS), a method of maturation thereof, and CG-CWS.
- BCG-CWS Bacillus bacillus Calmette-Guerin of Mycobacterium bovis
- the present invention relates to an immature dendritic cell maturation promoter as an essential component.
- the immune system has evolved with constant exposure to foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, and viruses. In humans, they often function as activators of the host's innate immunity, maturing progenitor cells into professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) (1, 2). Mature macrophages / dendritic cells can present the incorporated antigen to T cells. The cellular response induced by these foreign substances is known as the innate immune system.
- APCs professional antigen-presenting cells
- DCs dendritic cells
- innate immune system The cellular response induced by these foreign substances is known as the innate immune system.
- innate immune system Various lines of evidence suggest that the innate immune system plays a direct role in the activation of lymphocytes, known as the adaptive immune system (1-3).
- the Calmette-Guerin (BCG) strain of Mycobacterium bovis (M. tuberculosis) is a tuberculosis vaccine strain that is almost non-pathogenic but retains the immunogenicity of tuberculosis (4).
- BCG Calmette-Guerin
- phagocytosis of live BCG / mycobacteria is a strong inducer of dendritic cell maturation (5-7).
- Human and murine immature dendritic cells show strong antigen-presenting ability by uptake of live BCG bacteria (5, 6). The strong antigen-presenting ability of these dendritic cells can be seen with soluble antigens other than BCG.
- BCG has been used as an effective adjuvant for active immunotherapy of various cancers (8, 9).
- live BCG immunotherapy has been used for the treatment and prevention of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and urethra for more than 20 years and has a good prognosis (10).
- Live BCG bacteria were also effective as a vaccination adjuvant in immunizing radiation-irradiated colon cancer cells (11, 12).
- injection of BCG into the tumor has been reported to be effective in tumor regression (13-16).
- no clear hypothesis has been proposed regarding the power of the components of BCG that are responsible for antitumor immunity and the mechanisms by which BCG bacteria can enhance the host immune system.
- BCG-CTS has been found in animal studies to be an effective adjuvant for antibody production (17-19).
- Typical delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) can be caused by intradermal injection of BCG-CWS as well as live BCG.
- immunotherapy with BCG-CWS has shown a good prognosis in many cancer patients without any signs of infection (20, 21).
- the main components of BCG-CWS are arabinogalatatan, mycolic acid and peptide darican (17). Taken together, any of these molecules, or a combination thereof, appears to play an important role in adjuvant function.
- the present invention has been completed based on such knowledge.
- a TNF-, IL-12p40 and / or IL-6 induction promoter comprising Gram-positive bacteria-CWS as an active ingredient.
- a CD40, CD71, CD83, CD80, CD86 expression promoter comprising Gram-positive bacteria-CWS as an active ingredient.
- An immunoadjuvant containing mature dendritic cells having phagocytic activity as an active ingredient is an immunoadjuvant containing mature dendritic cells having phagocytic activity as an active ingredient.
- An anti-cancer immunotherapeutic agent containing mature dendritic cells having phagocytic ability which is used in combination with a cancer vaccine.
- the “mature dendritic cell” in the present invention refers to a dendritic cell having antigen-presenting ability and costimulatory activity and capable of activating antigen-specific T cells. Specifically, as described in this specification, maturation is determined based on the expression patterns of various costimulatory molecules (eg, the presence or absence of CD83 expression). In general, T cells are activated by presenting an antigen from an antigen presenting cell and receiving an activation signal from a costimulatory molecule. Thus, antigen presenting cells such as macrophages and B cells can activate T cells only after costimulatory molecules have been induced and expressed. Mature dendritic cells constitutively express high levels of costimulatory molecules and differ from other major antigen-presenting cells in this respect.
- Gram-positive bacteria in the present invention examples include Mycobacteria, Nocardia, Corynebacterium and the like.
- Preferred examples include BCG, which is Mycobacterium spp. Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- BCG Calmette-Guerin strain
- iDCs human immature dendritic cells
- mDCs mature dendritic cells
- BCG-CWS BCG-CWS
- the present inventors found that the cell wall skeleton of BCG, BCG-CWS, activated human immature dendritic cells in a more active form.
- Dendritic cell KG (This is called dendritic cell KG ).
- Dendritic cell KG has some of the properties of traditional mature dendritic cells, as well as prosthetic limb formation, mature dendritic cell marker CD83 and co-stimulators CD80 and CD86 upregulation, IL-12p40, IL- It also had unique characteristics including secretion of 6 and TNF-H and induction of allogeneic MLR. These results suggest that pure cell wall components, including mycolic acid, arabinogalactan and peptide darican, are sufficient to mature immature dendritic cells into mature dendritic cells.
- TDM 35, 36
- dDNA 37, 38
- TDM 35, 36
- dDNA 37, 38
- FCA Fully Reund's Complete Adjuvant
- FCA is a mineral oil that is free of bacterial components and is traditionally used as a primary adjuvant. It induces T cell-mediated immune responses and antibody production more potently (39). Immune activation or adjuvant efficacy by FCA has been assessed primarily by animal studies. The factors required for strong adjuvant activity are not yet known in detail. The results of the present invention suggest that some of the efficacy of FCA as an adjuvant may be due to dendritic cell maturation activity contained in the components of BCG-CWS.
- the elongation induced by IL-1] 3 was smaller, and the expression of CD80 was more induced than CD86 (FIGS. 1 and 4).
- the dendritic cell KG was most similar to the mature dendritic cells induced by TNF-ligand, and TNF- ⁇ was an essential factor in the maturation of immature dendritic cells upon treatment with BCG-CWS.
- factors other than TNF-hi may also be involved in dendritic cell maturation.
- the major difference between dendritic cells B ⁇ and TNF- ⁇ -treated dendritic cells is the intracellular environment, specifically phagolysosome formation.
- dendritic cell KG BCG-CWS was incorporated into the phagosome (Fig. Lh). Phagosome / lysosome conditions in these dendritic cells may be important for antigen processing and transport, and may affect antigen presentation. In fact, the dendritic cell KG retained phagocytosis, whereas the TF-spun matured dendritic cell lost phagocytosis.
- TLR is the BCG-CWS receptor for dendritic cell maturation
- most of the dendritic cell maturation inducers are TLR / IL-1 receptor families of immature dendritic cells or at least NF KB activity. Will be shared. It is important to determine whether BCG-CWS-mediated cell activation is eliminated in TLR- or Myd88-knockout mice that cannot respond to LPS through TLRs
- the dendritic cell maturation profile depends on the maturation reagent used. Examples of foreign substances, BCG-CWS and LPS, have different consequences on dendritic cell maturation. Vectors of host origin also induced different dendritic cell maturation profiles.
- BCG-CWS can functionally substitute viable BCG bacteria at least as inducers of immature dendritic cell maturation.
- BCG-CWS will not be equivalent to live BCG in immunotherapy, its ability to induce dendritic cell maturation may contribute to the induction of tumor immunity.
- FIG. 1 is a photograph substituted for a drawing showing the morphology of dendritic cells and the phagocytosis of FITC-BCG-CWS.
- Immature dendritic cells cultured for 6 days with GM-CSF and IL-4 were cultured in a medium containing GM-CSF (500 U / ral) and the following substances for 2 days (a_g) or 7 hours (h, i ) Incubation: (a) IL-4 (100 IU / ml), (b) GM-CSF only (none), (c) IL-l ⁇
- Immature dendritic cells cultured as in Fig. 1 were incubated for 0.5 or 7 hours in a medium containing GM-CSF (500IU / ml) and FITC-BCG-CWS (15 ⁇ g / rnl). .
- Cells were collected by pipetting at 4 and phagocytosed particles were analyzed by flow cytometry as described in the Methods section.
- the thin line indicates the autofluorescence of the cells and the thick line indicates the bound and / or phagocytosed FITC-BCG-CWS particles.
- the total fluorescence intensity (panels a and b) and those quenched with trypan blue (panels b and d) are described. Perform three experiments and list one representative.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the cell surface phenotype of dendritic cells when exposed to BCG-CWS.
- Immature dendritic cells are prepared by culturing for 3, 6 or 9 days with GM-CSF and IL-4, and further cultured in a medium containing GM-CSF (500 IU / ml) and BCG-CWS (15 g / ral). Incubated for 2 days. Cells were harvested and analyzed by flow cytometry as described in Methods. 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ in the histogram indicates non-specific fluorescence by the subclass control monoclonal antibody. The fluorescence of the indicated antigen on the dendritic cells before and after BCG-CWS treatment is indicated by the thick line and the shaded portion, respectively. This experiment was performed three times with similar results.
- m4 indicates the level of surface markers of immature dendritic cells and those treated with each reagent It is a graph.
- Immature dendritic cells prepared as in Figure 1 were cultured for 2 days in a medium containing GM-CSF (500 IU / ral) and the following substances: IL-4 (100 IU / ral), GM-CSF only (None), emulsification buffer (15 / l / ml), BCG-CWS (15 ⁇ g / ml), IL-1 ⁇ (100ng / ml).
- Cells were collected and analyzed by flow cytometry as described in Methods. The levels of CD40, CD71, CD80, CD83 and CD86 on dendritic cells were measured. Values are expressed as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) measured by flow cytometer. The average value of the subclass control monoclonal antibodies was negligible (MFI: about 3-4). The experiment was performed three times, and one typical experiment is shown.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing cytokine production by immature dendritic cells and dendritic cells B ⁇ .
- Monocytes were cultured in a medium containing GM-CSF (500 IU / ml) and IL-4 (100 IU / ml), and the medium was collected every 3 S (0-3, 3-6, 6-9).
- the immature dendritic cells cultured for 3, 6 or 9 days are incubated in a medium containing GM-CSF (500 IU / ml) and BCG-CWS (15 / zg / ml), and 5, 6-8, 9-11).
- the concentration of each cytokine in the medium was determined by ELISA. Values represent the average soil SD from three measurements.
- Factors responsible for surface CD83 upregulation associated with BCG-CWS treatment were identified by the transtable assay. Immature dendritic cells prepared as in FIG. 1 were incubated with GM-CSF (500 IU / ml) and each of the reagents shown in the figure for 2 days using a translucent device. Cells from the lower wells were collected and CD83 levels were measured by flow cytometry. Values are expressed as mean fluorescence intensity. Emulsion buffer is marked EB. One of three experiments is shown.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing allogeneic MLR using immature dendritic cells and dendritic cells BCG .
- the antigen-presenting ability of dendritic cells was evaluated by MLR.
- the immature dendritic cells as in FIG. 1 were incubated for 2 days in a medium containing GM-CSF + I1L-4 or GM-CSF + BCG-CWS. These dendritic cells were irradiated, cultured with allogeneic lymphocytes for 4 days,
- []-TdR uptake was measured as described in Methods. Value of three measurements Expressed as average soil SD. The same experiment was performed twice, and a representative one is shown.
- coli 0127: B8) (Difco Laboratories; Detroit, Mich.), [] -Thymidine (NEN Life Science Products, Inc .; Boston, Mass.), GMDP (N-acetyl-D-Darcosamininole- (3 1-4) -acetinole -Aralanil-D-isognorethamine) (Calzyme Laboratories, Inc .; San Luis Obispo, Rif.).
- ELISA kits were obtained as indicated: GM-CSF, IFN-y, IL-1 j3, IL-6 and
- TNF- a (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech; UK Buckingham Xia), total IL- 12 (p40 + P 70) (Genzyme Co.; Cambridge, MA), IL- 12p70
- oil-in-water emulsion BCG-CWS was used throughout (18, 20).
- BCG-CWS Resuspend the dried BCG-CWS in an emulsion buffer (PBS containing 1% draqueol and 1% Tween-80) at a concentration of lmg / ml using a Potter-type homogenizer and heat at 60 ° C for 30 minutes. By sterilization.
- emulsion buffer PBS containing 1% draqueol and 1% Tween-80
- HBS HEPES buffered saline
- 10 / l of a 10 mg / ml FITCDMS0 solution was added to the suspension and incubated at 37 ° C for 15 minutes.
- PBMC Mononuclear cells
- MLR Mixed lymphocyte reaction
- Immature dendritic cells for MLR were monocytes (5 ⁇ 10 5 cells / ml) cultured for 6 days in RPMI-1640 containing 10% heat-inactivated human AB serum, 500 IU / ml GM-CSF and 100 IU / ml IL-4. ) after generated from, and cultured for 2 days in the same medium (immature dendritic cells) or those containing 15 g / m l BCG- CWS instead of I 4 ( ⁇ cells BCG).
- Immature dendritic and dendritic cells were monocytes (5 ⁇ 10 5 cells / ml) cultured for 6 days in RPMI-1640 containing 10% heat-inactivated human AB serum, 500 IU / ml GM-CSF and 100 IU / ml IL-4. ) after generated from, and cultured for 2 days in the same medium (immature dendritic cells) or those containing 15 g / m
- Non-adherent immature dendritic cells can be generated by treating peripheral blood monocytes in vitro with GM-CSF and IL-4 (23-25). Further maturation of immature dendritic cells into mature dendritic cells can be mediated by treatment with various reagents, such as - ⁇ , TF-hi and LPS. However, the maturation stage induced by these reagents are not always equivalent.
- BCG-CWS did not replace the factors necessary for monocyte differentiation into immature dendritic cells.
- monocytes differentiate into macrophages by treatment with BCG-CWS.
- BCG-CWS treatment of immature dendritic cells resulted in mature dendritic cells with unique properties.
- a typical morphological feature of immature dendritic cells was a non-adherent ⁇ -shaped structure (Fig. La).
- stimulation with IL-1] 3 or emulsion buffer only caused extension of the prosthesis with adhesive properties (Fig. Lc, f).
- BCG-CWS direct binding of BCG-CWS to dendritic cells (BCG-CWS does not bind to lymphocytes)
- the binding properties of BCG-CWS to immature dendritic cells were analyzed using FITC-labeled BCG-CWS.
- FITC-labeled BCG-CWS efficiently bound to immature dendritic cells within 30 minutes as determined by pharmacocytometry analysis ( Figure 2a).
- the labeled particles were not edible, as the fluorescence was quenched by the addition of trypump nolle (Figure 2b). After several hours, most of the bound particles were phagocytosed, as determined by flow cytometry (Figure 2CD).
- the levels of surface markers on dendritic cells after BCG-CWS treatment were compared to those of typical mature dendritic cells matured by IL-1 ⁇ ( Figure 4).
- BCG-CWS induced slightly more CD86 and slightly less CD80 than IL-1 treatment.
- CD 4 0, CD71 and CD83 levels were also increased in almost the same in these two dendritic cell lineage.
- Treatment with another dendritic cell maturation inducing factor, TNF- ⁇ showed similar effects on the surface levels of these molecules as BCG-CWS.
- the effect of LPS treatment was similar to BCG-CWS, but after the addition of LPS there was a 3-5 fold increase in the level of these markers compared to BCG-CWS or TNF- ⁇ .
- the levels of contaminating LPS in the medium containing BCG-CWS, emulsion buffer and saline were 10.2 ⁇ 0.2 pg / ml, 8.7 ⁇ 0.2 pg / ml, and 6.3 ⁇ 0.
- the value of 2 pg / ml suggested that the effect of LPS contamination on maturation of dendritic cells could be ignored.
- N-Acetyl-D-darcosaminyl- (i3 1-4) -acetyl-L-aralanyl-D-isoglutamine is a component responsible for the adjuvant activity of BCG-CWS (31), but is synthesized GMDP (l5 / g / ml) had no effect on these markers.
- Dendritic cells secreted very low levels of IL-1J3, TNF- ⁇ and IL-12p40 at each time point in culture. Monocytes released large amounts of IL-6 upon treatment with IL-4 + GM-CSF. However, this ability was lost after maturation into dendritic cells. This service The cytokine release profile is significantly altered by BCG-CWS treatment, and secretion of TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-12p40 in cells treated with IL-4 and GM-CSF for more than 6 days (ie immature dendritic cells) Was induced.
- Phagocytic activity was measured using FITC-labeled BCG-CWS (Table 2).
- Table 2 Phagocytic activity of dendritic cells Immature dendritic cells exhibited high BCG-CWS phagocytic activity, whereas mature dendritic cells prepared using TNF- ⁇ almost lost its activity. However ⁇ cell 80 G, as compared to mature dendritic cells induced by TNF-alpha, was still holding the phagocytic activity.
- the present invention provides mature dendritic cells having phagocytic ability and mature trees having phagocytic ability for immature dendritic cells using gram-positive bacteria CWS.
- the method for maturation of dendritic cells is described below.
- the present invention further provides an agent for promoting the maturation of immature dendritic cells comprising Gram-positive bacteria-CWS as an active ingredient, or an agent for inducing TNF_a, IL-12p40, and / or IL-6, and CD40, CD71, CD83, CD80 and CD86 expression promoters are provided.
- the present invention further provides an immunoadjuvant or an anticancer immunotherapeutic agent (preferably used in combination with a cancer vaccine) containing mature dendritic cells having phagocytic activity as an active ingredient.
- cancer antigens used as cancer vaccines include those described in Cell Engineering 18 (9), 1379-1388 (1999). Specific examples include CEA peptide, MUC-1 and HER2p63, which is a peptide derived from the proto-oncogene HER2 protein.
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EP00987772A EP1254953A4 (en) | 1999-12-28 | 2000-12-28 | Maturity-triggering agent for immature dendritic cells |
AU24039/01A AU2403901A (en) | 1999-12-28 | 2000-12-28 | Maturation-promoting agent for immature dendritic cells |
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JP2005505270A (ja) * | 2001-09-06 | 2005-02-24 | ノースウエスト バイオセラピューティクス,インコーポレイティド | 単球性樹状細胞およびt細胞にth−1応答をプライミングするための組成物および方法 |
US7413869B2 (en) * | 2002-04-05 | 2008-08-19 | Dendreon Corporation | Method for determining potency of antigenic presenting cell based vaccines |
JP2011246493A (ja) * | 2002-12-06 | 2011-12-08 | Northwest Biotherapeutics Inc | 腫瘍の処置のための、インビトロでの部分的に成熟した樹状細胞の投与 |
JP4859169B2 (ja) * | 2002-12-06 | 2012-01-25 | ノースウエスト バイオセラピューティクス,インコーポレイティド | 腫瘍の処置のための、インビトロでの部分的に成熟した樹状細胞の投与 |
WO2008065752A1 (fr) * | 2006-11-30 | 2008-06-05 | National University Corporation Hokkaido University | Agent immunothérapeutique contenant un arndi en tant que principe actif |
JP2010523141A (ja) * | 2007-04-11 | 2010-07-15 | コンセホ ナシオナル デ インベスティガシオネス シェンティフィサス イ テクニカス (コニセト) | 細胞株、黒色腫の治療のためにそれを含む組成物、組成物の製造手順および治療方法 |
WO2014136845A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-06 | 2014-09-12 | タカラバイオ株式会社 | 成熟樹状細胞集団の製造方法 |
JPWO2014136845A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-06 | 2017-02-16 | タカラバイオ株式会社 | 成熟樹状細胞集団の製造方法 |
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AU2403901A (en) | 2001-07-09 |
EP1254953A1 (en) | 2002-11-06 |
US20030108527A1 (en) | 2003-06-12 |
EP1254953A4 (en) | 2004-06-02 |
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