WO2001046574A2 - Reciprocating internal combustion engine with balancing and supercharging - Google Patents

Reciprocating internal combustion engine with balancing and supercharging Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001046574A2
WO2001046574A2 PCT/IT2000/000540 IT0000540W WO0146574A2 WO 2001046574 A2 WO2001046574 A2 WO 2001046574A2 IT 0000540 W IT0000540 W IT 0000540W WO 0146574 A2 WO0146574 A2 WO 0146574A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cylinder
active
combustion engine
auxiliary
throw
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IT2000/000540
Other languages
French (fr)
Italian (it)
Other versions
WO2001046574A3 (en
Inventor
Maurizio Bigi
Original Assignee
Automac S.A.S. Di Bigi Ing. Maurizio
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Automac S.A.S. Di Bigi Ing. Maurizio filed Critical Automac S.A.S. Di Bigi Ing. Maurizio
Priority to JP2001547452A priority Critical patent/JP2003518222A/en
Priority to DE60018609T priority patent/DE60018609T2/en
Priority to EP00987631A priority patent/EP1240416B1/en
Priority to AT00987631T priority patent/ATE290647T1/en
Publication of WO2001046574A2 publication Critical patent/WO2001046574A2/en
Publication of WO2001046574A3 publication Critical patent/WO2001046574A3/en
Priority to US10/177,724 priority patent/US6698405B2/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/04—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B25/00—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders
    • F02B25/02—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders using unidirectional scavenging
    • F02B25/04—Engines having ports both in cylinder head and in cylinder wall near bottom of piston stroke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B25/00—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders
    • F02B25/02—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders using unidirectional scavenging
    • F02B25/12—Engines with U-shaped cylinders, having ports in each arm
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B33/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
    • F02B33/02—Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps
    • F02B33/06—Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps with reciprocating-piston pumps other than simple crankcase pumps
    • F02B33/20—Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps with reciprocating-piston pumps other than simple crankcase pumps with pumping-cylinder axis arranged at an angle to working-cylinder axis, e.g. at an angle of 90 degrees
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/16—Engines characterised by number of cylinders, e.g. single-cylinder engines
    • F02B75/18—Multi-cylinder engines
    • F02B75/20—Multi-cylinder engines with cylinders all in one line
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/18—Other cylinders
    • F02F1/22—Other cylinders characterised by having ports in cylinder wall for scavenging or charging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention concerns reciprocating combustion engine with balancing and pre-compression, that is, an internal combustion engine of the type with a thrust crank in which there are mechanisms that simultaneously perform the functions of balancing and pre-compression of the air intake; the said engine employing either the petrol cycle or the diesel cycle and indifferently being two- or four-stroke.
  • the state of the art already comprises internal combustion engines in which the balancing of the rotating masses is carried out by dedicated mechanisms , that move synchro- nously with the rotation of the drive shaft; the said state of the art also comprises engines equipped with compression mechanisms that move synchronously with the rotation of the drive shaft .
  • the invention resolves the said technical problem by adopting: reciprocating combustion engine with balancing and pre-compression, comprising at least one active cylinder; at least one auxiliary cylinder positioned at right- angles to the active cylinder; the throw of the pistons of the relative cylinders positioned on the same drive shaft; fuel supply organs; the auxiliary cylinder equipped with cylinder head with a one-way valve for air inlet and a one-way valve for air outlet, characterised in that it has the cylinder head of the active cylinder with at least one outlet valve and at least one opening for the inlet of the air into the active cylinder; finally, having the phase of the piston of the auxiliary cylinder preceding the phase of the piston of the active cylinder by 90 degrees.
  • Adopting in a preferred embodiment: a single active cylinder and a single auxiliary cylinder, with both piston rods connected to the same throw of the crankshaft.
  • Adopting in a further preferred embodiment: two active cylinders and two corresponding auxiliary cylinders with the throw at 180 degrees and each connected to the corresponding piston rod of the active cylinder and of the auxiliary cylinder .
  • Adopting in a further preferred embodiment: more than one outlet valve in the cylinder head.
  • Adopting in a further preferred embodiment, in the case of multi-cylinder engines: more than one active cylinder with one corresponding auxiliary cylinder for each active cylinder, with the piston rods of each active cyl- inder and of the corresponding auxiliary cylinder connected to the same throw.
  • the said fuel supply parts consisting, advantageously of a pump-injector positioned on the axis of the cylinder head of each active cylinder.
  • the said fuel supply organs consisting, advantageously of a fuel injector positioned in the supply tube upstream of the said inlet opening/valve in the cylinder head of the active cylinder; alternatively consisting of a fuel injector which injects the fuel directly into the combustion chamber.
  • the single cylinder engine is intrinsically balanced as re- gards the first order forces of inertia and at the same time the parts that achieve this also achieve the pre-com ⁇ pression of the air intake, without using. other parts or specific additional devices .
  • the configuration with active cylinder and auxil- iary balancing and pre-compression cylinder can be used both with the petrol cycle and the diesel cycle, both two- or four-stroke, in that the lubrication system is separate from the air supply and identical in both the two- and four-stroke engines, and this makes it intrinsically eco- logical .
  • the adopted configuration is particularly advantageous in a four-stroke petrol cycle engine in which the intake tube feeds the traditional intake valves and the effect of the increased quantity of air pumped by the auxiliary cylinder is theoretically double.
  • the adopted configuration is also highly advantageous when used with the two-stroke diesel cycle, in that the flushing cycle is carried out using the same parts that subsequently are al- so capable of performing the pre-compression, enabling excellent results to be obtained, in that the flushing is carried with pure air, without losing energy due to partially burned fuel at the exhaust thereby also causing less pollution.
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the active cylinder and the balancing/pre-compression cyl- inder of the combustion engine according to the invention, in the 2-stroke diesel version
  • Figure 2 is a prospective view of the cylinders in Figure 1, showing just the essential parts
  • Figures 3 to 11 are the phases of the operating cycle of the two-stroke engine
  • Figure 12 is the prospective view of a complete single-cylinder engine according to the invention
  • Figure 13 is a prospective view of the engine in the preceding Figure, but with two cylinders, two-stroke and with the throw at 180 degrees
  • Figure 14 is the prospective view of a two-cylinder four-stroke engine, with single auxiliary cylinder and with throw of both the auxiliary cylinder and of the active cylinders in phase
  • Figure 15 is a section similar to that of Figure 1, of a turbocharged two-stroke engine, with turbocharging of the air aspirated from the auxiliary cylinder
  • Figure 16 is a section, as
  • FIG. 1 the drive shaft with throw 2 to which are attached a first piston rod 3 of the active cylinder 4 and a second piston rod 5 for the auxiliary cylinder 6; 7, the piston of the active cylinder, moving inside the liner 8 having flushing apertures 9; 10, the casing of the said liner having conduits 11 for cool- ing and conduits 12 to feed the said flushing apertures; 13, the cylinder head of the said active cylinder, having exhaust conduits 14 and corresponding valves 15; 16, the pump-injector, driven like the valves by rocker 17, driven by camshafts 18 or 19; 20, the supply tube between the said auxiliary cylinder 6 and the said flushing apertures 9; 21, the ribbed cast-liner of the auxiliary cylinde ,- 22, the cylinder head of the auxiliary cylinder with lamellar intake valve 23 and outlet valve 24; 25, the air intake tube; 26, the piston of the said auxiliary cylin- der.
  • the figures also show: 27, Figure 2, the lubrication gear pump; 28, the drive chain for the camshafts 18 and 19; 29, the housing of the single-cylinder engine and 30 the housing of the two-cylinder engine; 31, Figure 14, the housing of the two-cylinder four-stroke engine with single auxiliary cylinder 6, where, advantageously, the throw of the cylinders are in phase; 32, the double supply tube to feed the intake valves of the said cylinder; 33, Figure 15, an exhaust manifold connected to the turbocharger 34 to which is also connected the exhaust manifold 35 of the other exhaust valves 15; the final exhaust tube of the burned gases; 37, the inlet of the air which the turbo- charger pushes along the said tube 25.
  • the figures also show: 38, Figure 16, the liner of the active cylinder 4, when made for a four-stroke cycle, positioned inside the casing 39 to which the cylinder head 40 is connected; 41, the inlet tube which conducts the pumped air from the said auxiliary cylinder 6 to the inlet valves 42; 43, the camshaft driving the inlet valves; 44, the supply tube for the said air, with compensation chamber 45 to enable a sufficient accumulation of air and for cooling, for the double pumping cycle performed by the auxiliary cylinder 6, only 360 degrees, with respect to the 720 degree cycle of the active cylinder 4.
  • the excellent results obtained with this engine are as a result of the use of the auxiliary cylinder both as a balancing mechanism of the first order forces of inertia, for the thrust crank mechanism, and as pre-com- pressor to achieve a forced flushing of the active cylin ⁇ der .
  • the pre-compression phase occurs twice in the 720 degree cycle of the active cylin ⁇ der and, therefore, it is useful to provide a compensation volume 45, that can also have a cooling function, inter- cooler, for the compressed air .
  • the said one-way intake and outlet valves of the auxiliary cylinder can be more than one for each intake and/or outlet function; finally, the said multiple valves, with the same function, can be of different sizes and/or sensibilities to the opening pressure difference.

Abstract

Reciprocating internal combustion engine with balancing and pre-compression, comprising: at least one active cylinder (4); at least one auxiliary cylinder (6), positioned at right-angles to the active cylinder; the throw (2) of the pistons (7, 26) of the relative cylinders positioned on the same drive shaft (1); fuel supply parts (16); the auxiliary cylinder equipped with cylinder head (22) with a one-way valve (23) for air inlet and a one-way valve (24) for air outlet, the cylinder head of the active cylinder (13, 40) having at least one outlet valve (15) and at least one opening (9, 42) for the inlet of the air into the active cylinder; finally, the phase of the piston (26) of the auxiliary cylinder (6) precedes the phase of the piston (7) of the active cylinder (4) by 90 degrees. The description includes two-cylinder versions, two-and four stroke, for petrol and diesels cycles, as well as multi-cylinder and turbocharged versions.

Description

RECIPROCATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH BALANCING AND SUPERCHARGING
The invention concerns reciprocating combustion engine with balancing and pre-compression, that is, an internal combustion engine of the type with a thrust crank in which there are mechanisms that simultaneously perform the functions of balancing and pre-compression of the air intake; the said engine employing either the petrol cycle or the diesel cycle and indifferently being two- or four-stroke.
The state of the art already comprises internal combustion engines in which the balancing of the rotating masses is carried out by dedicated mechanisms , that move synchro- nously with the rotation of the drive shaft; the said state of the art also comprises engines equipped with compression mechanisms that move synchronously with the rotation of the drive shaft .
In fact, for tens of years there have been two-stroke internal combustion engines with a piston for compressing the flushing air, carried out by a dedicated piston rotated by a right-angle preceding the active piston, which with every cycle pumps the compressed flushing air. These, however, are not balanced, as the throw of the aux- iliary piston is rotated 180 degrees with respect to the drive crank, and also the window distribution and the doubled active piston do not enable acceptable results to be achieved as regards imposed limitations to avoid pollution of the atmosphere.
Moreover, as in patent application PCT WO90 / 15917 , there is a four-stroke combustion engine with two in-line cylinders and with throw at 180 degrees in which there is an auxiliary cylinder connected to its own crank-shaft with a multiplication ratio of 2:1 with the drive shaft, to perform the compression of the flushing air and to achieve the balancing of the second order forces of iner¬ tia, whereas the first order forces of inertia are balanced by the arrangement of the throw at 180 degrees. How¬ ever, such an engine is of considerable mechanical complexity, due to the shaft dedicated to the auxiliary piston, and imposes performance limits due to the mechanical limits of the auxiliary piston crankshaft, which imposes a severe limit on the speed of rotation of the engine.
Furthermore, there are engines with one cylinder positioned at right-angles to another cylinder, both active, which balance each other as regards first order forces of inertia . Finally, there are also mechanisms with auxiliary pis¬ ton rods rotated 90 degrees to the main piston rod, which achieve the balancing of the rotating and reciprocating masses of a single cylinder engine, as regards the said first order forces of inertia: whereby the said auxiliary piston rod is guided by a further smaller rod connected to the foot of the auxiliary piston rod which, as opposed to the configuration in which both cylinders and therefore both piston rods are active, maintains a certain degree of unbalancing in the transverse direction of the drive shaft, in that the said smaller rod is guided at its free end by a rocker arm which cannot have the infinite radius theoretically required. Consequently, the said configuration limits the use of this balancing mechanism to the specific purpose, increasing manufacturing costs without obtaining further advantages. Also, in the previous configuration of the two cylinders at 90 degrees there is the complexity of a two cylinder engine and operating characteristics which are intrinsically not improvable, in that the cylinders are limited by the relative reciprocal func- tion. Such state of the art may be subject to considerable improvement as regards the possibility of eliminating the drawbacks described above, achieving an integration of the moving parts which simplify construction and thereby re- ducing cost and weight, eliminating the drawbacks mentioned previously.
From the foregoing emerges the need to resolve the technical problem of achieving a configuration of parts which in the typical thrust mechanisms of reciprocating combustion engines reduces vibrations caused by the first order forces generated by the movements of the reciprocating masses, and which may at the same time improve the thermodynamic efficiency of the combustion thereby reduc- ing consumption and pollution, and achieving a higher specific power .
The invention resolves the said technical problem by adopting: reciprocating combustion engine with balancing and pre-compression, comprising at least one active cylinder; at least one auxiliary cylinder positioned at right- angles to the active cylinder; the throw of the pistons of the relative cylinders positioned on the same drive shaft; fuel supply organs; the auxiliary cylinder equipped with cylinder head with a one-way valve for air inlet and a one-way valve for air outlet, characterised in that it has the cylinder head of the active cylinder with at least one outlet valve and at least one opening for the inlet of the air into the active cylinder; finally, having the phase of the piston of the auxiliary cylinder preceding the phase of the piston of the active cylinder by 90 degrees.
Adopting, in a preferred embodiment: a single active cylinder and a single auxiliary cylinder, with both piston rods connected to the same throw of the crankshaft. Adopting in a second preferred embodiment: two active cylinders and one auxiliary cylinder, with the piston rods of the active cylinders and of the auxiliary cylinder all connected to the same throw.
Adopting in a second preferred embodiment, as a variant of the previous one: two active cylinders and one auxiliary cylinder, with the piston rods of the active cylinders and of the auxiliary cylinder each connected to its own throw, and the three throw in phase with each other.
Adopting, in a further preferred embodiment: two active cylinders and two corresponding auxiliary cylinders with the throw at 180 degrees and each connected to the corresponding piston rod of the active cylinder and of the auxiliary cylinder .
Adopting, in a further preferred embodiment: more than one outlet valve in the cylinder head.
Adopting, in a further preferred embodiment, in the case of multi-cylinder engines: more than one active cylinder with one corresponding auxiliary cylinder for each active cylinder, with the piston rods of each active cyl- inder and of the corresponding auxiliary cylinder connected to the same throw.
Adopting in a further embodiment, in the case of two stroke engines : the said opening for the inlet consisting of a series of flushing apertures made in the liner of the active cylinder .
Adopting in a preferred embodiment: an exhaust turbo- compressor device for the air inlet, connected for its supply upstream of the one-way inlet valve and for the exhaust gases downstream of the one or more said outlet valves .
Also adopting, in a further preferred embodiment, to achieve the diesel cycle: the said fuel supply parts consisting, advantageously of a pump-injector positioned on the axis of the cylinder head of each active cylinder. Adopting finally, a further preferred embodiment, to achieve the petrol cycle: the said fuel supply organs consisting, advantageously of a fuel injector positioned in the supply tube upstream of the said inlet opening/valve in the cylinder head of the active cylinder; alternatively consisting of a fuel injector which injects the fuel directly into the combustion chamber.
The advantages obtained with this invention are: the single cylinder engine is intrinsically balanced as re- gards the first order forces of inertia and at the same time the parts that achieve this also achieve the pre-com¬ pression of the air intake, without using. other parts or specific additional devices .
Also, the configuration with active cylinder and auxil- iary balancing and pre-compression cylinder can be used both with the petrol cycle and the diesel cycle, both two- or four-stroke, in that the lubrication system is separate from the air supply and identical in both the two- and four-stroke engines, and this makes it intrinsically eco- logical .
Furthermore, the greatest advantages are obtained with the diesel cycle, due to the increase in specific power which is comparable with that of a petrol cycle engine without turbocharging . In the case of a two-cylinder four- stroke engine in the configuration with the throw in phase, the torque distribution is more even, without penalising operation at high speeds of rotation, in that it is intrinsically balanced. In the two-cylinder version with an auxiliary cylinder for each active cylinder and the throw at 180 degrees, also the second order forces of inertia are compensated.
Finally, the adopted configuration is particularly advantageous in a four-stroke petrol cycle engine in which the intake tube feeds the traditional intake valves and the effect of the increased quantity of air pumped by the auxiliary cylinder is theoretically double. The adopted configuration is also highly advantageous when used with the two-stroke diesel cycle, in that the flushing cycle is carried out using the same parts that subsequently are al- so capable of performing the pre-compression, enabling excellent results to be obtained, in that the flushing is carried with pure air, without losing energy due to partially burned fuel at the exhaust thereby also causing less pollution.
Some embodiments of the invention are illustrated, purely by way of example, in the three tables of drawings attached, in which Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the active cylinder and the balancing/pre-compression cyl- inder of the combustion engine according to the invention, in the 2-stroke diesel version; Figure 2 is a prospective view of the cylinders in Figure 1, showing just the essential parts; Figures 3 to 11 are the phases of the operating cycle of the two-stroke engine; Figure 12 is the prospective view of a complete single-cylinder engine according to the invention; Figure 13 is a prospective view of the engine in the preceding Figure, but with two cylinders, two-stroke and with the throw at 180 degrees; Figure 14 is the prospective view of a two-cylinder four-stroke engine, with single auxiliary cylinder and with throw of both the auxiliary cylinder and of the active cylinders in phase; Figure 15 is a section similar to that of Figure 1, of a turbocharged two-stroke engine, with turbocharging of the air aspirated from the auxiliary cylinder; Figure 16 is a section, as the previous one, of a four-stroke engine with a cooling and accumulation device for the air compressed by the auxiliary cylinder .
The figures show: 1, Figure 1, the drive shaft with throw 2 to which are attached a first piston rod 3 of the active cylinder 4 and a second piston rod 5 for the auxiliary cylinder 6; 7, the piston of the active cylinder, moving inside the liner 8 having flushing apertures 9; 10, the casing of the said liner having conduits 11 for cool- ing and conduits 12 to feed the said flushing apertures; 13, the cylinder head of the said active cylinder, having exhaust conduits 14 and corresponding valves 15; 16, the pump-injector, driven like the valves by rocker 17, driven by camshafts 18 or 19; 20, the supply tube between the said auxiliary cylinder 6 and the said flushing apertures 9; 21, the ribbed cast-liner of the auxiliary cylinde ,- 22, the cylinder head of the auxiliary cylinder with lamellar intake valve 23 and outlet valve 24; 25, the air intake tube; 26, the piston of the said auxiliary cylin- der.
The figures also show: 27, Figure 2, the lubrication gear pump; 28, the drive chain for the camshafts 18 and 19; 29, the housing of the single-cylinder engine and 30 the housing of the two-cylinder engine; 31, Figure 14, the housing of the two-cylinder four-stroke engine with single auxiliary cylinder 6, where, advantageously, the throw of the cylinders are in phase; 32, the double supply tube to feed the intake valves of the said cylinder; 33, Figure 15, an exhaust manifold connected to the turbocharger 34 to which is also connected the exhaust manifold 35 of the other exhaust valves 15; the final exhaust tube of the burned gases; 37, the inlet of the air which the turbo- charger pushes along the said tube 25.
The figures also show: 38, Figure 16, the liner of the active cylinder 4, when made for a four-stroke cycle, positioned inside the casing 39 to which the cylinder head 40 is connected; 41, the inlet tube which conducts the pumped air from the said auxiliary cylinder 6 to the inlet valves 42; 43, the camshaft driving the inlet valves; 44, the supply tube for the said air, with compensation chamber 45 to enable a sufficient accumulation of air and for cooling, for the double pumping cycle performed by the auxiliary cylinder 6, only 360 degrees, with respect to the 720 degree cycle of the active cylinder 4.
Operation of the combustion engine with auxiliary balancing and pre-compression cylinder is as follows. With reference to Figures 3 to 11, the piston 7 of the active cylinder 4 in the first phase, Figure 3, is under compression being already beyond the flushing aperture 9 and with the valves 15 in the cylinder head closed; the 26 of the auxiliary cylinder 6 is at its TDC ; rotation is clockwise, when viewing the figure, and in the following phase, Figure 4, the piston 7 is already at the end of the compression phase, whereas the piston 26 of the auxiliary cylinder is in the air intake phase from the lamellar valve 23; in Figure 5 the piston 7 has reached its TDC: that is, in proximity to this point it is in the injection phase, for the diesel cycle, or forced ignition phase for the petrol cycle. In Figure 6 the piston 7 of the active cylinder 4 is in the expansion phase, that is the burning gases produce the maximum thrust on it and the ex- haust valves 15 start to open, while the piston 26 of the auxiliary cylinder 6 is close to its BDC , which it reaches in the following Figure 7; in the phase shown in Figure 8 the said valves are completely open and the gases escape through the exhaust, while the lamellar valve 24 is open and the air is forced through the supply tube 20 and through the aperture 9 into the active cylinder; in Figure 9 the subsequent phase is shown with the piston of the active cylinder 4 at its BDC, while the supply tube conducts air pumped by the auxiliary cylinder 6; finally, Figure 10 shows the final phase of the flushing in which the piston 26 of the auxiliary 6 is close to its TDC, but which pumps at a higher pressure the air in the supply tube and in the active cylinder 4 in which the flushing apertures 9 are still open, but the outlet valves 15 are closed; finally, Figure 11 shows the same position of the crankshaft and pistons in their corresponding cylinders as shown in the initial Figure 3.
Moreover, the excellent results obtained with this engine are as a result of the use of the auxiliary cylinder both as a balancing mechanism of the first order forces of inertia, for the thrust crank mechanism, and as pre-com- pressor to achieve a forced flushing of the active cylin¬ der .
Furthermore, in the case of the single-cylinder four- stroke engine, as in Figure 16, the pre-compression phase occurs twice in the 720 degree cycle of the active cylin¬ der and, therefore, it is useful to provide a compensation volume 45, that can also have a cooling function, inter- cooler, for the compressed air .
Operation of the two-cylinder versions occurs in the same way, identical if the engine is two-stroke, as in Figure 13, or four-stroke, as in Figure 16, with the ad¬ vantage that the compensation volume 45 in the case of the two-cylinder engine with throw at 360 degrees is not required, whereas the balancing effect of a single auxiliary cylinder 6, as indicated in Figure 14, may also be achieved with the throw of the auxiliary cylinder at 180 degrees or 360 degrees to the throw of the active cylin- ders 4.
Finally, operation of the two-stroke engine equipped with a turbocharging device, is as described in Figures 3 to 11, in which the air supply to tube 25 occurs at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure, so as to obtain excellent flushing and filling of the entire displacement even at the high speeds of rotation at which even the sin¬ gle cylinder engine is capable of reaching. The exhaust manifold 35 is connected to the exhaust manifold 33 to ob¬ tain the same back-pressure at the outlet with the lengths of the manifold being the same or different.
In the preceding examples reference has been made main¬ ly to the diesel cycle combustion engine according to the invention, as it is easier and more convenient to use it in this way for its intrinsically ecological characteris- tics, that is, less polluting.
However, it is a very easy to replace the injector with a device for controlling the ignition and. to position a fuel injection device in the supply tube 20 or 43, be it for a two- or four-stroke engine, to obtain operation with the petrol cycle; alternatively it is possible to position a petrol injector directly in the combustion chamber together with the ignition device .
In practice the materials, the dimensions and details of execution may be di ferent from, but technically equivalent to, those described without departing from the juridical domain of present invention. Even though less convenient, the said one-way valves 23 or 24 with automatic opening may be replaced by valves which are operated me- chanically.
Furthermore, the said one-way intake and outlet valves of the auxiliary cylinder can be more than one for each intake and/or outlet function; finally, the said multiple valves, with the same function, can be of different sizes and/or sensibilities to the opening pressure difference.

Claims

1. Reciprocating combustion engine with balancing and pre- compression, comprising: at least one active cylinder ( 4 ) ; at least one auxiliary cylinder (6) , positioned at right- angles to the active cylinder; the throw (2) of the pis¬ tons (7, 26) of the relative cylinders positioned on the same drive shaft (1) ; fuel supply parts (16) ; the auxil¬ iary cylinder equipped with cylinder head (22) with a one-way valve (23) for air inlet and a one-way valve (24) for air outlet, characterised in that it has the cylinder head of the active cylinder (13, 40) with at least one outlet valve (15) and at least one opening (9, 42) for the inlet of the air into the active cylinder; finally, having the phase of the piston (26) of the auxiliary cylinder (6) preceding the phase of the piston (7) of the active cylinder (4) by 90 degrees.
2. Combustion engine as claimed in the previous claim, characterised in that it has a single active cylinder (4) and a single auxiliary cylinder (6) , with both piston rods (3, 5) connected to the same throw (2) of the crankshaft (1) -
3. Combustion engine, as claimed in the preceding claim 1, characterised in that it has two active cylinders (4) and one auxiliary cylinder (6) , with the piston rods of the active cylinders and of the auxiliary cylinder all connected to the same throw.
4. Combustion engine, as claimed in the preceding claim 1, characterised in that it has two active cylinders (4) and one auxiliary cylinder (6) , with the piston rods of the active cylinders and of the auxiliary cylinder each con- nected to its own throw, and the three throw in phase with each other .
5. Combustion engine as claimed in the preceding claim 1, characterised in that it has two active cylinders (4) and two corresponding auxiliary cylinders (6) with the throw at 180 degrees and each connected to the corresponding piston rod (3) of the active cylinder and piston rod (5) of the auxiliary cylinder.
6. Combustion engine, as claimed in one of the preceding claims 1, 2 or 5, characterised in that it has more than one outlet valve (15) in the cylinder head (13, 40) .
7. Multi-cylinder combustion engine, as claimed in the preceding claim 1, characterised in that it has more than one active cylinder (4) with one corresponding auxiliary cylinder (6) for each active cylinder, with the piston rods of each active cylinder and of the corresponding auxiliary cylinder connected to the same throw.
8. Combustion engine, as claimed in one of the preceding claims 1, 2, 5 or 6, characterised in that the said opening for the inlet consisting of a series of flushing aper¬ tures (9) made in the liner (8) of the active cylinder (4) .
9. Combustion engine, as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it has an exhaust turbo-com¬ pressor device (34) for the air inlet, connected for its supply upstream of the one-way inlet valve (23) and for the exhaust gases downstream of the one or more said outlet valves (15) .
10. Combustion engine, as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the said one-way intake valves (23) and outlet valves (24) of the auxiliary cylin¬ der (6) can be more than one for each intake and/or outlet function.
5 11. Combustion engine, as claimed in the previous claim, characterised in that finally, the said multiple valves, with the same function, can be of different sizes and/or sensibilities to the opening pressure difference.
10 12. Combustion engine, as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, to achieve the diesel cycle, the said fuel supply parts consisting, advantageously of a pump-injector (16) positioned on the axis of the cylinder head (13, 40) of each active cylinder (4) .
15
13. Combustion engine, as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, to achieve the petrol cycle, the said fuel supply parts consisting, advantageously of a fuel injector positioned in the supply tube (20, 32,
20 44) upstream of the said inlet opening/valve (9, 42) in the cylinder head (13, 42) of the active cylinder ( 4 ) ; alternatively consisting of a fuel injector which injects the fuel directly into the combustion chamber.
25
30
35
PCT/IT2000/000540 1999-12-21 2000-12-20 Reciprocating internal combustion engine with balancing and supercharging WO2001046574A2 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2001547452A JP2003518222A (en) 1999-12-21 2000-12-20 Reciprocating internal combustion engine with balancing and supercharging functions
DE60018609T DE60018609T2 (en) 1999-12-21 2000-12-20 Piston engine with balancing and charging
EP00987631A EP1240416B1 (en) 1999-12-21 2000-12-20 Reciprocating internal combustion engine with balancing and supercharging
AT00987631T ATE290647T1 (en) 1999-12-21 2000-12-20 PISTON COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH BALANCING AND CHARGING
US10/177,724 US6698405B2 (en) 1999-12-21 2002-06-20 Reciprocating internal combustion engine with balancing and supercharging

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT1999MO000280A IT1311171B1 (en) 1999-12-21 1999-12-21 ALTERNATIVE THERMAL MOTOR EQUIPPED WITH BALANCING AND PRECOMPRESSION
ITMO99A000280 1999-12-21

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/177,724 Continuation US6698405B2 (en) 1999-12-21 2002-06-20 Reciprocating internal combustion engine with balancing and supercharging

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001046574A2 true WO2001046574A2 (en) 2001-06-28
WO2001046574A3 WO2001046574A3 (en) 2002-01-03

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EP (1) EP1240416B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2003518222A (en)
CN (1) CN1434897A (en)
AT (1) ATE290647T1 (en)
DE (1) DE60018609T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2239058T3 (en)
IT (1) IT1311171B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2001046574A2 (en)

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EP1279806A1 (en) * 2001-07-26 2003-01-29 PIAGGIO & C. S.p.A. Two-stroke-cycle internal combustion engine using pneumatically assisted direct fuel injection
FR2844838A1 (en) * 2002-09-19 2004-03-26 Honda Motor Co Ltd Compressor for supplying compressed air to i.c. engine fuel injection system comprises cylindrical body, cylinder head and piston sliding in cylinder space, mushroom valve covering air passage hole communicating with cylinder space
US6789514B2 (en) 2001-07-30 2004-09-14 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Internal combustion engine
WO2005024204A1 (en) * 2003-03-11 2005-03-17 Bryant Clyde C Cold air super-charged internal combustion engine, working cycle & method
US6880501B2 (en) 2001-07-30 2005-04-19 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Internal combustion engine
EP2032819A2 (en) * 2006-05-27 2009-03-11 Thomas C. Robinson Improved engine

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US20070079778A1 (en) * 2005-10-11 2007-04-12 Atkinson Michael K Cylinder block for integral gas compressor and internal combustion engine
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US20100258068A1 (en) * 2009-04-14 2010-10-14 Lung-Tan Hu Spark-ignition type cross-cycle internal combustion engine
US8371256B2 (en) * 2009-05-27 2013-02-12 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Internal combustion engine utilizing dual compression and dual expansion processes
US8646421B2 (en) * 2009-10-23 2014-02-11 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Engine with internal exhaust gas recirculation and method thereof
US8918238B2 (en) * 2010-04-12 2014-12-23 Lung-Tan Hu Mackay cold-expansion engine system
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CN102678266A (en) * 2012-05-07 2012-09-19 上海交通大学 Intake system-connected mechanical supercharged four-stroke internal combustion engine
CN102678286A (en) * 2012-05-07 2012-09-19 上海交通大学 Opposed mechanical supercharging four-stroke internal combustion engine
CN102691570A (en) * 2012-05-07 2012-09-26 上海交通大学 Opposed mechanical supercharging two-stroke internal combustion engine
CN102678264A (en) * 2012-05-07 2012-09-19 上海交通大学 Independent mechanical supercharging two-stroke internal-combustion engine for air intake system
US8904987B2 (en) 2013-04-26 2014-12-09 Gary G. Gebeau Supercharged engine design
CN103382893A (en) * 2013-07-31 2013-11-06 博浪柯(浙江)机电制造有限公司 Gasoline air compression integrated machine
CN104343527B (en) * 2014-10-30 2016-06-22 魏伯卿 Engine charge plunger booster system
ES2923588T3 (en) * 2018-07-11 2022-09-28 Hypertec Solution S R L Two-stroke internal combustion engine and relative drive method
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1279806A1 (en) * 2001-07-26 2003-01-29 PIAGGIO & C. S.p.A. Two-stroke-cycle internal combustion engine using pneumatically assisted direct fuel injection
US6789514B2 (en) 2001-07-30 2004-09-14 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Internal combustion engine
US6880501B2 (en) 2001-07-30 2005-04-19 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Internal combustion engine
FR2844838A1 (en) * 2002-09-19 2004-03-26 Honda Motor Co Ltd Compressor for supplying compressed air to i.c. engine fuel injection system comprises cylindrical body, cylinder head and piston sliding in cylinder space, mushroom valve covering air passage hole communicating with cylinder space
WO2005024204A1 (en) * 2003-03-11 2005-03-17 Bryant Clyde C Cold air super-charged internal combustion engine, working cycle & method
EP2032819A2 (en) * 2006-05-27 2009-03-11 Thomas C. Robinson Improved engine
EP2032819A4 (en) * 2006-05-27 2013-01-16 Thomas C Robinson Improved engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1240416B1 (en) 2005-03-09
ATE290647T1 (en) 2005-03-15
EP1240416A2 (en) 2002-09-18
ITMO990280A1 (en) 2001-06-21
DE60018609D1 (en) 2005-04-14
ES2239058T3 (en) 2005-09-16
DE60018609T2 (en) 2006-03-02
US20030183211A1 (en) 2003-10-02
WO2001046574A3 (en) 2002-01-03
CN1434897A (en) 2003-08-06
ITMO990280A0 (en) 1999-12-21
US6698405B2 (en) 2004-03-02
JP2003518222A (en) 2003-06-03
IT1311171B1 (en) 2002-03-04

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