RU2170833C1 - Two-stroke internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; automotive industry, shipbuilding, tractor and agricultural machine engineering and pump building. SUBSTANCE: proposed engine has housing, cylinders with pistons provided with rings and pins, flywheel rotator, fuel feed system, combustion chamber fuel igniter, suction chamber arranged over piston and furnished with additional piston rigidly coupled with main piston by rod. Ends of rod are provided with two working pistons connected with two supercharging pistons. Rod of piston system services simultaneously as rod of pump which has two adjacent high-pressure chambers with sealing rings. Piston system transmission and synchronization mechanism has camshaft with eccentric which is connected with piston system rod through connecting rod, three -arm lever and cheeks. Flywheel is rigidly secured on one end of camshaft, and ignition distributor, on other end. EFFECT: simplified design, increased service life of engine, possibility of operation on different kinds of liquid fuel, no pollution of atmosphere. 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to engine building, and can be widely applied in the fields of automotive, shipbuilding, tractor manufacturing, engine production for agricultural machines, and can also be used as pumps for pumping liquid under high pressure.

 The known "Internal Combustion Engine", comprising a compression cylinder and an expansion cylinder with pistons installed in them, connected to a common crankshaft, a gas distribution mechanism and an external combustion chamber connected to the inlet to the compression cylinder and the outlet to the expansion cylinder and equipped with a fuel injector, the volume of the external combustion chamber exceeds two volumes of compression of the working fluid with the position of one piston in the top dead center of a four-stroke engine (RF patent N 2079678, MKI: 6 F 02 B 33/06, filing date 15.09.93, Application No. 93045386/06, publication date May 20, 1997, Bulletin No. 14. Patentee: A. Kasyanov).

 The known "Method of operation of a two-stroke multi-fuel internal combustion engine and a two-stroke multi-fuel internal combustion engine", comprising a housing with a crankcase and a cylinder, pistons placed in the cylinders with the formation of over-piston cavities and crank chambers communicated to each other through the bypass channels and bypass windows, the crankshaft, connected by pistons with connecting rods, exhaust windows made in cylinders and connected to the engine exhaust system, inlet windows with check valves, connecting pivot chambers with an intake system of the engine, a fuel injection device and a control unit, the inputs of which are connected to the engine control element and its shaft speed sensor, and the output is connected to the fuel injection device, the pistons being arranged to overlap the bypass windows, the engine being equipped with levers associated with hinges of articulated connecting rods, made in the form of two parts, connected by hinges, actuators of the swing axes of the levers, made with the possibility of moving the latter in straight lines, cylinder axes, detonation sensors, temperature sensors, nitrogen oxides, oxygen, piston positions and lever swing axes connected to additional inputs of the control unit, the additional output of which is connected to the lever axis actuators, and nitrogen and oxygen oxide sensors are located in the exhaust system ( RF patent N 2121584, MKI 6 F 02 B 33/04, filing date 03/04/98, application N 98106812/06, date publ. application 10.11.98, bull. N 31. Patent holders: Konyukhov V.A. and etc.).

 The above technical solutions have such disadvantages as a low compression ratio and, consequently, increased fuel consumption and unreliable operation of the engine.

 Closest to the proposed technical solution is a "Two-stroke Internal Combustion Engine" containing a cylinder head, upper cylinder block, lower support block, compressor and working cylinders with corresponding pistons installed kinematically connected to the connecting rod and crankshaft, intake manifold , an inlet valve, a bypass window associated with the inner cavity of the working cylinder, an outlet window, the compressor cylinder being placed in the inner cavity of the working cylinder and with a transverse working plane equal to or several times larger than the transverse working area of the working cylinder, where the compressor piston is installed in the compressor cylinder in the free-fit inner cavity, and the working piston is installed between the outer working surface of the compressor cylinder and the inner working surface of the working cylinder, between an inner surface of the working piston, an outer surface of the compressor piston and the lower end of the compressor cylinder is formed lubricating cavity, constant o connected through the lower ends of the pistons with the internal cavity of the support block, operating according to the duty cycle using a control spool installed in the upper end in the central bore of the compressor cylinder, connected by its shank to a stepper motor controlled by a contact electric distributor connected to the crankshaft (RF patent N 2135791, MKI: 6 F 02 B 33/02, filing date of the application 06/23/98, application N 98111871/06, date publ. application 08/27/99, bull. N 24. Patent holder: Kutuzov V.V.).

 The technical result includes simplifying the design, increasing the durability of the engine and the ability to use various types of liquid fuel and improving the environmental factor.

 The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the "two-stroke internal combustion engine" containing the engine casing, cylinders with pistons, which in turn are equipped with rings and fingers, a flywheel rotation mechanism, a fuel supply system, a mechanism for igniting a combustible mixture in a combustion chamber, a suction chamber located under the piston and equipped with an additional piston, rigidly connected to the main piston rod, and the ends of the rod are equipped with two working pistons connected to two pistons boost. In this case, the piston rod serves as the pump rod at the same time; the latter is in turn equipped with two adjacent high-pressure chambers with o-rings. The transmission and synchronization mechanism of the piston system comprises a camshaft located in the engine block bushing with an eccentric, which is also connected to the piston rod through a connecting rod, three-arm lever and cheeks. A flywheel is rigidly mounted at one end of the camshaft, and an ignition distributor at the other end.

 At the same time, the camshaft mounted in the sleeve is equipped with two U-shaped channels, one of which is designed for suction, and the other for the delivery of working fluid under pressure. The diameters of the outlet openings of the vertical portions of the channels coincide in size with the diameters of the two through transverse holes of the sleeve and the distance between these two holes along a chord parallel to the horizontal axis of the sleeve is also equal in size to the diameter of the sleeve opening.

A two-stroke internal combustion engine is illustrated by drawings:
FIG. 1 is a general diagram of an internal combustion engine, a longitudinal section;
FIG. 2 - ICE block, cross section along AA;
FIG. 3 - the same section along BB;
FIG. 4 - engine block, shows the dimensions of the holes in the sleeve and camshaft.

 The two-stroke internal combustion engine of FIG. 1-4 consists of a piston 1, a cylinder 2 with rings and a finger 3, a boost cylinder 4, air valves 5, a rod 6 of the composite housing 7 and 7a of the engine.

 Pistons 8 are fixed on the stem 6 in the boost cylinders 4, and in the housing 7 and 7a, the lever 11 is pivotally mounted to the rod 6 on the axis 9 with two straps 10, the second end of which is connected in the same way to the stem 6 of the second pair of cylinders 12.

 The two-arm lever 11 is rigidly fixed to the shaft 13, and the end of the shaft 13 is equipped with a lever 14, pivotally connected to the connecting rod 15, the latter having the second end worn on an cam cam 16 located in the sleeve 17 (see Fig. 2) of the internal combustion engine block. A flywheel is mounted at one end of the camshaft 16, and an ignition distributor or high pressure fuel pump is installed at the other.

 The sleeve 17 in the engine block 7a has four through-holes 18, and the camshaft 19 installed in the sleeve 17 has two U-shaped channels, one of which is for suction and the other for dispensing a working fluid under pressure, the diameter of the outlet The 20 vertical parts of the channel coincide in size with the diameters of two through transverse holes of the sleeve, and the distance between these two holes of the sleeve 17 along a chord parallel to the horizontal axis of the sleeve is also equal in size to the diameter of the holes of the sleeve (see Ig. 4) a = b.

 In the housing 7a on a common rod 6 in its central part, between the two flanges 21 with the sealing rings 22, a piston 23 of the oil pump is provided, equipped with two adjacent high-pressure chambers 24.

 The number of working cylinders in the engine can be increased only in pairs and at least two, and for every four cylinders an eccentric is mounted on the camshaft, equipped with a connecting rod and a three-arm lever.

 A two-stroke internal combustion engine works as follows: the fuel burned in the combustion chamber presses on the piston 1 of cylinder 2, moving the piston rod 6 downward, while the piston 23 of the oil pump sucks the working fluid into the upper chamber 24, and the lower part of the piston displaces the working fluid into the camshaft channel 19 further into the accumulator and hydraulic actuators.

 When the rod 6 moves under the action of the piston from the back to the lower chamber 24, the working fluid is sucked in, and is displaced from the upper chamber 24 under pressure. Both pairs of pumps are equipped with the same channel located in the sleeve 17 and the camshaft 19.

 The intake of clean air into the combustion chamber occurs using two chambers. The first chamber is located under the working piston, and the second boost chamber is located under the first and is equipped with its piston 8, mounted on the stem 6 of the hydraulic pump.

 The air is sucked in as follows: the piston 1 of the cylinder under the pressure of the gases of the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber goes from the top dead center to the BDC to the exhaust gas outlet window “E”. At this time, the air located under the working piston 1 of the first chamber is compressed and fed through channel "a" to the boost chamber "b", and the piston 8 of the second chamber at the same time compresses the air and also moves it along the channel "c" into the chamber suction "b". A certain pressure of clean air is created in the suction chamber, which has no outlet until 1 suction channel "g" opens with a working piston.

 The suction channel opens with a working piston 1 a little later than the exhaust gas channel “e”.

 Most of the exhaust gases are released before the compressed air is sucked into the combustion cavity of the working mixture. The remaining exhaust gas is displaced by clean compressed air into the atmosphere, and at the same time it fills the combustion chamber.

 At the same time, the space of the second chamber above the piston of the suction chamber through the opening channel "e" is filled with fresh air and simultaneously cools both suction chambers.

 The working piston of cylinder 1, not reaching the BDC, opens the purge channel, thereby helping to purge the suction cavity from the exhaust gases.

 The working piston of cylinder 1, returning from BDC to TDC, overlaps the channels in the reverse order: first, the purge “a”, and then the boost channels “g” and the exhaust window “e”, after which a fresh portion of air is sucked into the first and second pressurization chamber or carburetor mixture, if it is a carburetor engine.

 The operation of the cylinder occurs in pairs. Paired cylinders are connected by channels 30.

 Proposed as an invention, the technical solution allows to increase the durability of the engine while maintaining high efficiency, to simplify its design by eliminating the valve system; an engine of this design allows the use of various types of liquid fuel and improve the environmental factor.

Claims (1)

 A two-stroke internal combustion engine comprising an engine casing, cylinders with pistons, which, in turn, are equipped with rings and fingers, a flywheel rotation mechanism, a fuel supply system, an ignition mechanism of the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber, an intake chamber located under the piston and provided with an additional piston, rigidly connected rod with the main piston, characterized in that the ends of the rod are equipped with two working pistons connected to two boost pistons, and at the same time the piston rod serves as a rod the nipple, in turn, equipped with two adjacent high-pressure chambers with o-rings, and the piston system transmission and synchronization mechanism contains a camshaft located in the engine block bushing with an eccentric, which is also connected to the piston rod through a connecting rod, three-arm lever and cheeks, moreover, a mechanism is installed at one end of the camshaft, and an ignition distributor is installed at the other end, in turn, the camshaft mounted in the sleeve is equipped with two P-revs different channels, one of which is designed for suction, and the other for the delivery of working fluid under pressure, and the diameters of the outlet openings of the vertical parts of the channels coincide in size with the diameters of two through transverse openings of the sleeve and the distance between these two holes along a chord parallel to the horizontal axis of the sleeve, also equal in size to the bore diameter of the sleeve.

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