Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
  • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
  • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
  • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
  • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
  • C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
  • C09K2205/10—Components
  • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
  • C09K2205/10—Components
  • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
  • C09K2205/122—Halogenated hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
  • C09K2205/10—Components
  • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
  • C09K2205/128—Perfluorinated hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
  • C09K2205/10—Components
  • C09K2205/13—Inert gases
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
  • C09K2205/40—Replacement mixtures
  • C09K2205/43—Type R22
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
  • F25B2400/18—Refrigerant conversion
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
  • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
  • F25B9/006—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant containing more than one component

Definitions

• Elimination of R-22 was required by German law. However, there is not a pure R-22 substitute, which would provide identical refrigeration performance, a low freezing point temperature, and good miscibility with mineral oil and alkylbenzene oil. Achieving the same performance without R-22 typically requires changes in compressor oil and changes to system components such as expansion devices.
• R-124 and R-123 are important. This proportion is a tradeoff between a higher refrigeration capacity for R-123, a lower freezing temperature for R-124, and better oil management provided by R-124 downstream of the first phase separator by virtue of R-124' s higher vapor pressure.
• Refrigerant blends having the following compositions are for use in a closed loop vapor compression refrigeration cycle.
• the cycle is selected to achieve refrigeration in the temperature range of -70 C to -165 C, based on a single-stage compressor.
• the blends replace R-22 by using R-125, or R-125 with R-124, or R-218, or R-218 with R-124. Relative to the R-22 blend, the flammability of the replacement blend is the same or less.
• These replacement blends were developed for use with compressor oils traditionally used with R-22 such as mineral oil or alkyl benzene oil.
• a prior art refrigeration unit used a mixture, containing R-123, R-22, R-23, R-170, R-14, and argon.
• an ob ect of the invention was development of improved refrigerant blends which are free of R-22 and which can be used to provide the same refrigeration performance as a previous blend with R-22 without requiring changes in the compressor, compressor oil, refrigerant liquid- vapor phase separators, and heat exchanger arrangement.
• the invention accordingly comprises blends of refrigerants possessing the characteristics, properties and the relation of components which are exemplified in the blends herein- after described, and the scope of the invention will be indicated in the claims.
• Figure 1 is Table I of refrigerant blend compositions in accordance with the invention.
• Figure 2 is Table II of comparative refrigeration system performance using refrigerant blends in accordance with the invention.
• Figure 3 is a schematic of a refrigeration system, an autorefrigeratmg cascade, operable without modification using a refrigerant blend in accordance with the invention. DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
• Previous blends included R-123, R-22, R-23, R-14 and argon. In other blends R-170 was used with or instead of R- 23.
• the new blends of the present invention replace R-22 and instead include R-125, or use R-125 with R-124, as a replacement or use R-218 to replace R-22, or use R-218 with R- 124 as a replacement for R-22.
• Each blend must have one of these refrigerants to replace the prior use of R-22.
• the refrigeration effects provided by the systems that use alternatively the old blends containing R-22 and the new blends described herein have many different uses.
• the systems can be used, for example, to provide water vapor cryopumpmg of gasses to increase product yield during physical vapor deposition processes.
• these refrigeration systems can be used for freeze drying processes by removing water from the food products via water vapor cryopumpmg.
• the systems can also be used to cool a secondary liquid or gas, or to liquify a secondary gas or gas mixture.
• the refrigeration systems can also be used to cool objects, in which constructions the refrigerant flows through channels in a material (heat sink) , typically metal, which then conducts heat away from the item (load) to be cooled.
• a material typically metal
• the systems can also be used to freeze and store biological samples at very low temperature for long term preservation.
• any re rigeration system must be able to operate during start-up modes.
• Many mixed refrigerant models exist to predict refrigeration performance for any given mixture. However, developing a working system of actual hardware and controls requires that modeled mixtures, wnich may be obvious-to-try, be screened for various transients such as start-up, which is always very difficult to model with any significant confidence .
• valve 20 is closed and valve 22 is open.
• Blends A through D are examples of blends tnat were actually developed m autorefrigeratmg cascades in evaluating the present invention. Each one is a variant based on particular requirements of the refrigeration unit for which it was developed.
• An overall blend composition encompassing Blends A-D is shown at the left column in Table I to identify ranges of compositions that fall within the scope of this invention. Within these ranges the number of compositions and their performances are potentially infinite. Those skilled in the art will understand how to adjust the blend composition to optimize performance for each specific hardware arrangement .
• Blends were implemented in three different commercially available refrigeration systems with minor modifications as disclosed in the Missimer patent. Variations between the different systems are a result of slight differences m the performance specifications for each unit. Table II ( Figure 2) gives important system operating conditions when a ref igeration system was operated alternatively with the prior blend that contained R-22 and then with Blend A. As evident from the data, performance is closely matched between the two blends. Another example wherein Blend C is a substitute refrigerant, is also included in Table II.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)
• Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=22613554

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (4)

Families Citing this family (16)

Family Cites Families (11)

• 2000
  • 2000-11-30 US US09/728,501 patent/US6481223B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-12-01 CN CNB008165882A patent/CN1322089C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-12-01 WO PCT/US2000/042477 patent/WO2001040397A2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2000-12-01 JP JP2001541141A patent/JP4520681B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-12-01 EP EP00992587A patent/EP1235884A2/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2000-12-01 CN CN2007101026418A patent/CN101074360B/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-12-01 AU AU45130/01A patent/AU4513001A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2000-12-01 KR KR1020027006846A patent/KR100767651B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events