WO2001037848A1 - Mixture of pomegranate seed oil and juice products - Google Patents
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- WO2001037848A1 WO2001037848A1 PCT/IL2000/000800 IL0000800W WO0137848A1 WO 2001037848 A1 WO2001037848 A1 WO 2001037848A1 IL 0000800 W IL0000800 W IL 0000800W WO 0137848 A1 WO0137848 A1 WO 0137848A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
- A61P13/08—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the prostate
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
- A61P15/12—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for climacteric disorders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
- A61P5/24—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the sex hormones
- A61P5/32—Antioestrogens
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mixture of a pomegranate seed oil product and a pomegranate juice product and to a pharmaceutical composition containing same More particularly, to a the mixture of the present invention has cancer preventing properties and a pharmaceutical composition containing the mixture may be advantageously employed to treat or prevent a variety of conditions, including but not limited to, cancer, alzheimer's disease, chmacteria, benign prostatic hyperplasia and estrogen deficiency.
- Pomegranate (Pumca granatum) has long been recognized as a fruit with many benefits for health '
- the plant is botanically unique, having actually only one true botanical relative, the pomegranate precursor, Pumca protopunica, restncted to the isolated island Socotra off the coast of Yemen Corresponding to this botanical uniqueness is a parallel distinctiveness in terms of its biochemistry
- pomegranate has long been recognized as the richest plant source of the female steroid hormone estrone, 2 and recently, the male hormone testosterone and another female steroid, est ⁇ ol, have also been discovered in pomegranate seed oil 3
- a wide range of polyphenolic compounds including flavonoids, anthocyanms and tannms have been characterized both in pomegranate juice 4 and pericar 5
- concentrations of these polyphenols extracted both from the fermented juice and the oil have been shown to be potently antioxidant in vitro and to additionally inhibit the eicosanoid enzyme lipoxygenase
- a cancer chemo-preventive mixture comprising a pomegranate seed oil product and a pomegranate juice product.
- composition comprises physiologically active amounts of a pomegranate seed oil product and a pomegranate juice product and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- a pomegranate peel product is further included.
- the pomegranate seed oil product is the result of a process selected from the group consisting of expeller pressing, supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide, and lyophilization.
- the pomegranate seed oil product is produced from a material selected from the group consisting of pomegranate seeds and pomegranate seed cake.
- Estrogen protects neuronal cells from the cytotoxicity induced by acetylcholinesterase-amyloid complexes. FEBS Letters 441: 220-224, 1998.
- the pomegranate seed oil product is selected from the group consisting of pomegranate seed oil and a non saponifiable fraction thereof.
- the pomegranate juice product comprises at least one item selected from the group consisting of pomegranate juice, fermented pomegranate juice, dried pomegranate juice, dried fermented pomegranate juice, partially fermented pomegranate juice, partially dried pomegranate juice, partially fermented partially dried pomegranate juice, reduced pomegranate juice, partially reduced pomegranate juice and lyophylysates thereof .
- the mixture is provided in a form selected from the group consistiong of a liquid, a powder, granules, a tablet, a capsule, a gel-tab, an ointment, a cream, a chewing gum, a food, a candy, an emulsion and a suppository.
- the cancer is a hormone dependent cancer.
- the hormone dependent cancer is selected from the group consisting of breast cancer and prostate cancer.
- the pomegranate peel product is selected from the group consisting of pomegranate peel residue present in pomegranate juice as a result of a juicing process, an aqueous extract of pomegranate peel, an alcohol extract of pomegranate peel, an extract performed with an organic solvent which is not alcohol, and a supercritical CO 2 extract of pomegranate peel.
- the pharmaceutical composition is efficaciouly employed for treatment of a medical condition.
- the medical condition is selected from the group consisting of cancer, alzheimer's disease, climacteria, benign prostatic hyperplasia and estrogen deficiency.
- the treatment is selected from the group consisting of a prophylactic treatment, a palliative treatment and a therapeutic treatment.
- the physiologic activity results from inhibition of an enzyme selected from the group consisting of aromatase and 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehdrogenase (HSD) type 1.
- the active ingredients of the mixture or pharmaceutical composition comprise dealcoholized concentrated pomegranate wine, aqueous extract of pomegranate pericarp, and seed cake extract.
- the physiologocally active ingredients comprise approximately 70% dealcoholized concentrated pomegranate wine, approximately 10% aqueous extract of pomegranate pericarp, and approximately 20% seed cake extract.
- the physiologocally active ingredients comprise approximately 30% dealcoholized concentrated pomegranate wine, approximately 10% aqueous extract of pomegranate pericarp, and approximately 60% seed cake extract.
- the present invention successfully addresses the shortcomings of the presently known configurations by providing a mixture of a pomegranate seed oil product and a pomegranate juice product, and pharmaceutical compositions containing same, which is has potential efficacy in prevention or treatment of cancer and other medical conditions.
- FIG. 1 is a histogram illustrating estrogenic activity of pomegranate juice (PJ) in a yeast estrogen screen
- FIG. 2 is a is a histogram illustrating aromatase inhibition by polyphenols originating in seed oil, peel extract and wine of pomegranates;
- FIG. 3 is a table providing a numerical summary of the data of figue 2;
- FIG. 4 is a histogram illustrating estrogenic activity of pomegranate non-saponifiable fraction (NSF) in a yeast estrogen screen;
- FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating the effect of polyphenol fractions from pomegranate seed oil, pericarp and fermented and fresh juice on proliferation of estrogen-dependent human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) in vitro;
- FIG. 6 is is a graph illustrating the effect of effect of polyphenol fractions from pomegranate seed oil, perica ⁇ , and fermented and fresh juice on proliferation of estrogen-independent human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) in vitro
- FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating the effect of pomegranate pericarp polyphenols on the proliferation of selected cancerous and normal cell lines.
- Normal cell lines Human Umbilical Vein Endothelium [HUVE] and Human Foreskin Keratinocytes [HFK]).
- Cancerous lines murine melanocytic melanocytes [B16], human lung carcinoma [A549], human T cell leukemia [CCRF-HSB-2], human gastric lymph node metastasis [TGBC 11 TKB] .. ;
- FIG. 8 is a is a graph illustrating the effect of pomegranate fermented juice polyphenols on the proliferation of selected cancerous and normal cell lines (cell lines as detailed for figure 8);
- FIG. 9 is a graph of the effect of pomegranate fresh juice polyphenols on the proliferation of selected cancerous and normal cell lines (cell lines as detailed for figure 8).
- the effect here is clearly milder than for the fermented juice. Again, the most sensitive lines are the metastatic gastric and the leukemia. The normal cell lines are not affected.
- FIG. 10 is a graph of the effect of pomegranate perica ⁇ polyphenols on differentiation of HL-60 human leukemia cells.
- the Y axis is proliferation, the absolute amount of cell growth.
- FIG. 11 is a graph of the effect of pomegranate fermented juice polyphenols on differentiation of HL-60 human leukemia cells (assays as detailed for figure 11);
- FIG. 12 is a graph of the effect of pomegranate fresh juice polyphenols on differentiation of HL-60 human leukemia cells (assays as detailed for figure 11);
- FIG.13 is a histogram of the effect of pomegranate seed oil on invasion (metastasis) of MCF-7 human estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells in vitro;
- FIG.14-18 are graphs of the effect of pure pomegranate seed oil on proliferation of human estrogen-dependent human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) in vitro (at 24, 72, 120, 168 and 26 hours of growth respectively);
- FIG. 19 is a graph of the effect of pure pomegranate seed oil on proliferation of human LNCaP prostate cancer cells in vitro (at 120 hours);
- FIG. 20 is a histogram illustrating aromatase inhibition by polyphenol fractions derived from seed oil, perica ⁇ and fermented juice of pomegranate;
- FIG. 21 is a histogram illustrating the effect of Pomegranate Fermented Juice Polyphenols on proliferation of hPCPs (stromal benign prostatic hypertrophy) Cells
- FIG. 22 is a is a histogram illustrating the effect of pomegranate seed oil polyphenols on proliferation of hPCPs (stromal benign prostatic hypertrophy) cells;
- FIG. 23 is a histogram illustrating the effect of combination of pomegranate fermented juice and seed oil polyphenols on proliferation of hPCPs (stromal benign prostatic hypertrophy) cells;
- FIG. 24 is a histogram illustrating the effect of pomegranate fermented juice polyphenols (W) on proliferation of human LNCaP human prostate cancer cells;
- FIG. 25 is a graph of inhibition of proliferation of PC-3 human prostate cancer cells at progressively higher concentrations.
- Ethox ethanol control
- W pomegranate fermented juice polyphenols
- P pomegranate perica ⁇ polyphenols
- SCFO pure pomegranate seed oil
- FIG. 26 is a histogram of an alternative portrayal of inhibition of proliferation of PC-3 human prostate cancer cells by pomegranate fractions.
- Ethox ethanol control
- W pomegranate fermented juice polyphenols
- P pomegranate perica ⁇ polyphenols
- SCFO pure pomegranate seed oil.
- FIG. 26 is a histogram of an alternative portrayal of inhibition of proliferation of PC-3 human prostate cancer cells by pomegranate fractions.
- Ethox ethanol control
- W pomegranate fermented juice polyphenols
- P pomegranate perica ⁇ polyphenols
- SCFO pure pomegranate seed oil.
- FIG. 27 is a graph illustrating the effect of pomegranate perica ⁇ extract polyphenol fraction of proliferation on poorly differentiation, androgen-independent PC-3 human prostate cancer cells in vitro. The inhibition is concentration-dependent;
- FIG. 28 is a graph illustrating the effect of pomegranate fermented juice polyphenol fraction (W) on the proliferation of PC-3 poorly differentiated, androgen-independent human prostate cancer cells in vitro. A concentration-dependent inhibition is observed;
- FIG. 29 is a graph illustrating the effect of effect of pure pomegranate seed oil on proliferation of human PC-3 poorly differentiated androgen-independent prostate cancer cells in vitro;
- FIG. 30 is a graph illustratring the concentration-dependent inhibition of poorly differentiation LNCaP human androgen-independent prostate cancer cells in vitro by pomegranate perica ⁇ polyphenol fraction
- FIG. 31 is a graph illustrating the effect on proliferation of very poorly differentiated androgen-independent DU-145 human prostate cancer cells in vitro of pomegranate perica ⁇ polyphenol fraction. The inhibition is concentration-dependent
- FIG. 32 is a graph illustrating the effect of a polyphenol fraction of pomegranate fermented juice on the proliferation of very poorly differentiated human androgen-independent DU-145 prostate cancer cells in vitro. A concentation-dependent inhibition is observed;
- FIG. 33 is a graph illustrating the effect of pure pomegranate seed oil on the proliferation of human very poorly differentiated androgen-independent DU-145 human prostate cancer cells in vitro. Inhibition is noted at the highest concentration tested;
- FIG. 34 is a histogram illustrating the effect of pomegranate fermented juice and perica ⁇ polyphenols on the Gl stage of the cell cycle in B16 melanin pigment producing mouse melanoma cells. The y axis denotes % of cells at Gl phase at time of measurement. Increasing concentrations of the pomegranate fractions result in an increased number of cells at the Gl phase of arrest ;
- FIG. 34 is a histogram illustrating the effect of pomegranate fermented juice and perica ⁇ polyphenols on the Gl stage of the cell cycle in B16 melanin pigment producing mouse melanoma cells. The y axis denotes % of cells at Gl phase at time of measurement. Increasing concentrations of the pome
- 35 is a histogram illustrating the effect of pomegranate fermented juice and perica ⁇ polyphenols on the G2 stage of B16 melanin pigment producing mouse melanoma cells.
- the y axis denotes % of cells at G2 at time of measurement. Increasing concentrations of the pomegranate fractions result in an increased number of cells at the G2 stage of arrest;
- FIG. 36 is a histogram illustrating the effect of pomegranate fermented juice and perica ⁇ polyphenols on the S stage of the cell cycle in B16 melanin pigment producing mouse melanoma cells.
- the y axis denotes % of cells at stage S (synthesis of DNA) of cell cycle at time of measurement. Increasing concentrations of the pomegranate fractions result in decreased DNA synthesis;
- FIG. 37 is a histogram summarizing overall effect on cell growth (proliferation) of
- FIG. 38 is a histogram illustrating the effect on growth of HL-60 human leukemia cells in vitro by selected fractions of pomegranate fruit.
- [FJP fermented pomegranate juice polyphenol fraction
- OP pomegranate seed polyphenol fraction.
- EtOH (ethanol) control used here is at a much higher concentration that used for dissolving seed oil.
- OP and FJP are dissolved in DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide).
- Powerful inhibition is caused by FJP by fermented juice and by pomegranate seed oil at increasing concentrations
- FIG. 39 is a histogram illustrating the effect of selected pomegranate fruit fractions on the Gl phase of the cell cycle in HL-60 human leukemia cells. [ fractions as in figure
- FIG. 40 is a histogram illustrating the effect of pomegranate fruit fractions on the G2 stage of cell division in human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells. Only the fermented juice polyphenols appear to have a significant effect in prolonging this stage;
- FIG. 41 is a histogram illustrating the effect of selected pomegranate fruit fractions on the S phase of the cell cycle in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells. [ fractions as in figure 38] The fermented juice polyphenol fraction completely eliminates this phase. A similar, though attenuated, effect is observed for the simple concentrated fermented juice, as expected. The seed oil does not have this effect;
- FIG. 42 is a histogram illustrating apoptosis in HL-60 human leukemia cells in vitro induced by selected pomegranate fruit fractions. [ fractions as in figure 38] The highest degree of apoptosis is observed for the whole pomegranate seed oil.
- Solvent for the OP, FJP and fermented juice is DMSO 12.5 micgroliters per ml.
- the seed oil is dissolved in ethanol. At the lower concentration of seed oil, the ethanol concentration is 10 micrograms per ml. At the higher concentration, the ethanol concentration is 20 micrograms per ml;
- FIG. 43 is a histogram illustrating inhibition of 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Type 1 by selected pomegranate fractions.
- P perica ⁇ extract
- W fermented juice extract
- SCFO pomegranate seed oil extracted with supercritical
- FIG. 44 is a graph of the effect of pomegranate fermented juice extract (W) on proliferation of human multiple myeloma cell line HS-Sultan (HSS);
- FIG. 45 is a graph of the effect of pomegranate fermented juice extract (W) and pomegranate perica ⁇ extract (P) on proliferation of human multiple myeloma cell line MM. IS;
- FIG. 46 is a a graph of the effect of pomegranate fractions on proliferation of human multiple myeloma cell line U266.
- W fermented juice extract
- P perica ⁇ extract
- SESCO supercritical C0 2 extracted seed oil
- SEEE ethanolic extract of seed cake (following oil extrusion)];
- FIG. 47 is a histogram comparing pomegranate fermented juice extract (W) to a known Vitamin D differentiation inducing agent (cont-D) with respect to the prevention of carcinogenesis in a murine mammary gland organ culture;
- FIG. 48 is a histogram illustrating dose-dependent inhibition of HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells by pomegranate fermented juice (W) and perica ⁇ (P) extracts;
- FIG. 49 is a is a histogram illustrating dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation of rapidly dividing WI38 human diploid normal embryonic lung tissue by pomegranate fermented juice (W) and perica ⁇ (P);
- FIG. 50 is a histogram illustrating dose-dependent inhibition on HPB-ALL human thymoma cells of pomegranate fermented juice (W) and perica ⁇ (P) extracts relative to quercetin (Q).
- FIG. 51 is a histogram illustrating a comparison of the anti-proliferative effect of pomegranate perica ⁇ (P) and fermented juice (W) extracts on human thymoma cells (HPB-ALL) and their normal conte ⁇ ats (PBL);
- FIG. 52 is a flow diagram showing production steps in manufacture of 1000 doses ofan elixir for women according to the present invention.
- FIG. 53 is a is a flow diagram showing production steps in manufacture of 1000 doses of an elixir for men according to the present invention.
- the present invention is of a mixture of a pomegranate seed oil product and a pomegranate juice product, and pharmaceutical compositions containing same which can be used to prevent or treat a variety of medical conditions.
- the present invention can be used to prevent or treat cancer, especially hormone dependent cancer.
- cancer especially hormone dependent cancer.
- the principles and operation of a mixture of a pomegranate seed oil product and a pomegranate juice product, and pharmaceutical compositions containing same according to the present invention may be better understood with reference to the drawings and accompanying descriptions.
- the mixture includes a pomegranate seed oil product and a pomegranate juice product.
- the pomegranate seed oil product may be, for example, the result of a process such as expeller pressing, supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide, or lyophilization.
- the pomegranate seed oil product may be produced from a material including, but not limited to, pomegranate seeds and pomegranate seed cake. As such, the pomegranate seed oil product may be, for example, pomegranate seed oil or a non saponifiable fraction thereof.
- the pomegranate juice product may include, for example pomegranate juice, fermented pomegranate juice, dried pomegranate juice, dried fermented pomegranate juice, partially fermented pomegranate juice, partially dried pomegranate juice, partially fermented partially dried pomegranate juice, reduced pomegranate juice, partially reduced pomegranate juice and lyophylysates thereof or any combination of these ingredients.
- the present invention is further embodied by a pharmaceutical composition including physiologically active amounts of a pomegranate seed oil product and a pomegranate juice product as defined hereinabove.
- the pharmaceutical composition furthe includes a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- the mixture or pharmaceutical composition may further include a pomegranate peel product in order to increase efficacy thereof.
- the pomegranate peel product may be, for example the pomegranate peel residue present in pomegranate juice as a result of a juicing process, an aqueous extract of pomegranate peel, an alcohol extract of pomegranate peel, an extract performed with an organic solvent which is not alcohol, a supercritical CO 2 extract of pomegranate peel or any combination thereof.
- the mixture or pharmaceutical composition may be provided in myriad forms, includiang but not limited to, a liquid, a powder, granules, a tablet, a capsule, a gel-tab, an ointment, a cream, a chewing gum, a food, a candy, an emulsion and a suppository.
- the present invention will most likely have special efficacy in treatment of cancer which is hormone dependent.
- hormone dependent cancers include, but are not limited to breast cancer and prostate cancer.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be efficaciouly employed for treatment of a medical condition including, but not limited to cancer, alzheimer's disease, climacteria, benign prostatic hype ⁇ lasia and estrogen deficiency.
- a medical condition including, but not limited to cancer, alzheimer's disease, climacteria, benign prostatic hype ⁇ lasia and estrogen deficiency.
- In vivo cell culture data on cell lines derived from cancers including breast cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma, human lung carcinoma, human T cell leukemia , human gastric lymph node metastasis and benign prostatic hypertrophy are presented in examples hereinbelow.
- treatment as used in this specification and the accompanying claims is to be construed in its broadest possible sense. As such treatment includes, but is not limited to, prophylactic treatment, palliative treatment and therapeutic treatment.
- the invention is specifically embodied by a mixture or pharmaceutical composition which includes as active ingredients dealcoholized concentrated pomegranate wine, aqueous extract of pomegranate perica ⁇ , and seed cake extract.
- the ingredients are present in a ratio of approximately 70% dealcoholized concentrated pomegranate wine, approximately 10% aqueous extract of pomegranate perica ⁇ , and approximately 20% seed cake extract.
- the ingredients are present in a ratio of approximately 30% dealcoholized concentrated pomegranate wine, approximately 10% aqueous extract of pomegranate perica ⁇ , and approximately 60% seed cake extract.
- the Yeast Estrogen Screen was performed according to the method described by Arnold et af .
- the yeast (strain DY150) contains the yeast expression plasmid containing the human estrogen receptor (hER) and the estrogen-sensitive Lac-Z reporter plasmid.
- the special yeast used was supplied courtesy of Dr. John McLachlan, Tulane-Xavier Center for Bioenvironmental Research, New La, LA 70112, USA.
- the yeast was grown overnight in the presence or absence of 17-beta estradiol in a concentration of 0.4 ⁇ M.
- One set of estradiol samples was also incubated with freeze dried pomegranate juice (lmg / lOO ⁇ l MeOH). Another set of samples were incubated with the pomegranate juice only. All samples were tested in triplicates.
- the aromatase assay was carried out by contract on coded samples of the putative inhibitors. The method depends of the release of tritiated water after aromatization of androstenedione, consistent with the method described by Rabe et al. 10
- the coded samples consisted of polyphenol fractions of the pomegranate seed oil, fermented juice and perica ⁇ aqueous extract respectively. Aminoglutethamide, the known aromatase inhibitor, was used as a positive control at a concentration of 100 microM.
- the experimental pomegranate fractions were used at full strength, and at 50%, 10% and 5% dilutions.
- Polyphenol extraction from cold pressed pomegranate seed oil was accomplished by moving a 10 gram aliquot with 50 ml hexane in a separation funnel and polyphenols extracted with three volumes of 60% methanol. The methanol phase was then moved to a second separation funnel and washed with 20 ml hexane. The methanol phase was then collected and dried with anhydrous Na 2 S0 and again dried in a vacuum evaporator at 40 degrees. The resultant polyphenols were resuspended in methanol and extracted with three portions of chloroform, each half the volume of the methanol phase. The chloroform was removed and the
- NSF non-saponifiable fraction
- the MTT assay was performed as secribed in Ruben, R.L. and Neubauer, R.H. (1987) "Semiautomated colorimetric assay for in vitro screening of anticancer compounds", Cancer Treat. Rep. 71 (12): 1141-9.
- Nitro blue tetrazolium reducing activity was measured bythe method described in Kawaii S., Tomono Y., Katase E., Ogawa K. andYano M. (1999) "Effect of citrus flavonoids on HL-60 cell differentiation” Anticancer Res. 19(2 A): 1261-9.
- Non-specific esterase activity was measured by the method of Rovera G., Santoli D. and Damsky C. (1979) "Human promyelocytic leukemia cells in culture differentiate into macrophage-like cells when treated with a phorbol diester" Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 76(6):2779-83.
- Phagocytic activity was measured by the method of Kawaii S., Tomono Y., Katase E., Ogawa K. and Yano M. (1999)"Isolation of furocoumarins from bergamot fruits as HL-60 differentiation-inducing compounds" J. Agric. Food Chem. 47(10):4073-8.
- Cellular proliferation in human promyelocytic leukemia cells was measured by the method of Kawaii S., Tomono Y., Katase E., Ogawa K., Yano M., Takemura Y., Ju-ichi M.,
- NSF was shown have an estrogenic activity about 20% that of a comparable concentration.
- EXAMPLE 2 ASSAY OF AROMATASE ACTIVITY Results of the aromatase assay are summarized in Figures 2 and 3.
- the positive control aminoglutethamide (AGM) exhibited 66% inhibition of aromatase.
- the pomegranate seed oil extract (Sample One) showed a mean inhibition of 61% which was concentration dependent and rapidly dropped off at lower concentrations.
- the aqueous perica ⁇ extract (Sample Two) showed a mean inhibition of 80% at full concentration, and at 50% actually increased to 89%. This level of inhibition was consistent all the way down to 5% dilution.
- the fermented juice (wine) extract (Sample Three) showed 60% inhibition at full strength, 70% inhibition at 50% dilution and 10%, and 88% inhibition at 5%. These results confirm an corroborate those of example 1 in suggesting potential medical utility for the assayed preparations of pomegranate. Aromatase inhibition and suppression of endogenous estrogenic activity are important factors in the control of breast cancer growth. 13
- Example 3 C. Antiproliferative effects of pomegranate fermented juice and pericarp extracts in estrogen receptor positive (MCF-7) and estrogen receptor negative (MDA-MB-231) human breast cancer cells in culture
- the fermented juice exerted the strongest overall anti-proliferative effect in both the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 lines.
- the second strongest in both lines was the aqueous perica ⁇ extract.
- the unfermented juice also exerted significant anti-proliferative activity of the MCF-7 cells, but only mild anti-proliferative activity in the MDA-MB-231 cells.
- Overall, the effect in the MCF-7 lines for all pomegranate materials was more pronounced than that for the MDA-MB-231.
- Polyphenol fraction isolated from the pomegranate seed oil failed to have anti-proliferative effect in either of the assays at the concentrations employed.
- the IC50 for the fermented pomegrante juice polyphenol / flavonoid fraction was about 40 micrograms / ml for the MCF-7 cells and 120 micrograms / ml for the MDA-MB-231.
- Example 6 Inhibition of estrogen synthetase (aromatase) by flavonoids derived from selected pomegranate fractions
- Inhibition was strong in all fractions and was according to: perica ⁇ > fermented juice » oil. Inhibition was not attentuated even at 5% dilution with the perica ⁇ and fermented juice fraction, but the oil showed a 50% attenuation by the 50% dilution, and no activity at 10% dilution and lower. Inhibition was still observed, though attenuated, at % and 0.1% dilution for the perica ⁇ decoction and fermented juice polyphenol fractions. Results are summarized in figure 20.
- aromatase (estrogen synthetase)
- estrone and 17-beta-estradiol are steroidal estrogens estrone and 17-beta-estradiol from the androgens androestenedione and testosterone respectively in vivo.
- aromatase is responsible for catalyzing the biosynthesis of the steroidal estrogens estrone and 17-beta-estradiol from the androgens androestenedione and testosterone respectively in vivo.
- inhibition of aromatase is a popular and proven pharmacological method of retarding the development of estrogen-dependent breast cancers.
- LNCaP Human epithelial prostate cancer cells
- BPH human stromal benign prostatic hypertrophy cells
- Results showed a strong inhibition of proliferation in both the prostate cancer and BPH cells by the pomegranate fermented juice flavonoids, and a milder inhibition by the full fermented pomegrante juice.
- Results are summarized in figures 21-24. In all instances, the effect was more pronounced in the BPH cells (hPCPs) but was also strong in the cancer cells (LNCaP). Additional studies (Campbell, Geldof) focussed on the action of the aforementioned pomegranate compounds in more aggressive, more poorly differentiated, androgen-independent prostate cancer lines (i.e., PC-3 and DU-145). Results are summarized in figures 25-33.
- Example 8 localization of antiproliferative effects of pomegranate fractions to specific stages of the cell cycle
- Ethyl acetate extracted polyphenol fractions of fermented pomegranate juice and an aqueous extract of pomegranate perica ⁇ s were assessed for their ability to suppress growth and to interrupt specific stages of the cell cycle in murine B16 (F 10) melanocytic melanoma and human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells.
- Cells were grown in monolayer culture (35 x 10 mm flasks) in 3 mL of RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 80 mg/L of gentamycin. Cultures, seeded with 3.3 x 10 7 cells/L, were incubated for 24 h at 37 C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% C0 2 .
- the media were decanted and replaced with fresh media containing the pomegranate fractions, and incubations were continued for additional time commensurate with the stage of the cell cycle being assessed.
- the medium and detached cells were decanted from cells grown in monolayer culture, and then incubated with trypsin-EDTA at 37 C for 2 min. Trypsin was inactivated by suspending the cells in medium containing 10% of FBS. The trypsinized cells were pelleted at 250 x and resuspended in HBBS. Viable cells, [cells that excluded 0.4% of trypan blue], were counted with a hemocytometer.
- Example 9 Inhibition of 17-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Type 1 by pomegranate fermented juice and pericarp extracts and supercritical fluid extracted pomegranate seed oil. Extracts of pomegranate fermented juice (W) and pomegranate perica ⁇ (P) were prepared according to the method of Schubert et al. ( (1999) J Ethnopharmacol. 66(1): 11-7), and pomegranate seed oil was obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (SCFO) utilizing C0 as a solvent.
- SCFO supercritical fluid extraction
- the assay measures the transformation of estrone (El) to 17-beta-estradiol (E2) utilizing thin-layer chromatography and quantification of C-14 labeled El and E2 using a Phosphor Imager, allowing for both the percent of transformation and the percent of inhibition. Results are summarized in figure 43. No significant inhibition was noted from any of the compounds at 1 and 10 micrograms / ml. All compounds caused inhibition at 1000 micrograms / ml, but only the supercritically extracted oil caused inhibition at 100 micrograms / ml. These results demonstrate an additional mechanism by which pomegranate fractions inhibit the biosynthesis of active estrogen (E2) in vivo.
- Example 10 Inhibition of proliferation of multiple myeloma cell lines by pomegranate fermented juice and pericarp extracts.
- HSS HS-Sultan
- M. IS and U266 as described in Gooding et al., (1999) J Haematol 106(3):669-81] were incubated for 24 hours with each of four different pomegranate fractions.
- the fractions were pomegranate fermented juice extract (W), pomegranate perica ⁇ extract (P), supercritical C0 2 extracted pomegranate seed oil (SESCO) and ethanolic pomegranate seed cake extract (SEEE).
- W pomegranate fermented juice extract
- P pomegranate perica ⁇ extract
- SESCO supercritical C0 2 extracted pomegranate seed oil
- SEEE ethanolic pomegranate seed cake extract
- the fractions were employed at mM quercetin equivalent concentrations as measured and described previously (Tedesco et al., (2000) J Nutr Biochem 11: 114-119).
- Example 11 Promotion of differentiation in human breast cancer cells by a pomegranate fermented juice extract.
- the tested pomegranate fraction is able to reverse the cancer-promoting effect of a known carcinogen, apparently by promoting cell differentiation. Therefore, the tested material appears to be a novel cancer chemopreventive agent. Because the tested pomegranate extract, unlike most vitamin D analogs, has no known undesirable hypercalcemic side effect, it is particularly attractive.
- Pomegranate fermented juice and pericarp extracts differentially inhibit proliferation of cancer cell lines and their normal counterparts.
- Selected concentrations of the three materials were incubated with cells, at 200,000 cells per well, for 24 h at 37° C in the presence of a 5% CO 2 atmosphere.
- Cell lines employed were: HeLa derived from a human cervix epitheliod carcinoma (Cancer Res. 12: 264, 1952);
- HT-29 derived from a human colon adenocarcinoma (In Human tumor cells in vitro, pp. 115, J. Foght (ed.), Plenum Press, New York, 1975);
- WI38 human diploid cell line from normal embryonic lung tissue (Exp. Cell Res. 25: 585, 1961); HPB-ALL from a human thymoma (Int. J. Cancer, 21 : 166, 1978); and
- Table 1 Toxicity of pomegranate perica ⁇ (P) and fermented juice (W) extracts on selected cell lines expressed in mM equivalents of quercetin.
- Figure 52 shows production steps inmanufacture of a pharmaceutical composition including 30% dealcoholized concentrated pomegranate wine, 10% aqueous extract of pomegranate perica ⁇ , and 60% seed cake extract.
- the 120 ml of elixir represents 1000 doses of . an elixir for womenwhich could be delivered, for example as gel-tabs .
- the elixir is expected to have beneficial effects in climacteria as well as to offer protection against development of breast cancer and to be beneficial in treating breast cancer.
- Raw materials are 1440 Kg of whole pomegranates and 1099 Kg of pomegranate seeds.
- the pomegranates are initially processed into juice and perica ⁇ . The juice is then fermented and distilled.
- FIG. 53 shows production steps inmanufacture of a pharmaceutical composition including 70% dealcoholized concentrated pomegranate wine, 10% aqueous extract of pomegranate perica ⁇ , and 20% seed cake extract.
- the 120 ml of elixir represents 1000 doses of an elixir for men which could be delivered, for example as gel-tabs .
- the elixir is expected to have beneficial effects preventing beingn prostatic hype ⁇ lasia (BPH) and/or prostate cancer.
- the production process is essentially as described for the elixir for women.
- Example 14 Production gel-caps from pharmacutical compositions according to the present invention.
- phamaceutical compositions of the present invention may be provided in a wide variety of physical forms. One of these forms is gel-caps. Production of gel-caps typically includes the following steps:
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2001539462A JP2003514865A (en) | 1999-11-29 | 2000-11-29 | Mixture of pomegranate seed oil and fruit juice product |
AU17282/01A AU774619B2 (en) | 1999-11-29 | 2000-11-29 | Mixture of pomegranate seed oil and juice products |
IL14952100A IL149521A0 (en) | 1999-11-29 | 2000-11-29 | Mixture of pomegranate seed oil and juice products |
EP00979906A EP1233773A4 (en) | 1999-11-29 | 2000-11-29 | Mixture of pomegranate seed oil and juice products |
CA002389537A CA2389537A1 (en) | 1999-11-29 | 2000-11-29 | Mixture of pomegranate seed oil and juice products |
US09/859,431 US20020012710A1 (en) | 1999-11-29 | 2001-05-18 | Pomegranate products useful in improving health and methods of use thereof |
US10/217,430 US20020197341A1 (en) | 1999-11-29 | 2002-08-14 | Physiologically synergistic mixtures of pomegranate extracts and methods of use thereof |
US11/028,656 US20050118312A1 (en) | 1999-11-29 | 2005-01-05 | Physiologically synergistic mixtures of fruit components, methods of preparation thereof and methods of use thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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US16769499P | 1999-11-29 | 1999-11-29 | |
US60/167,694 | 1999-11-29 |
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US09/859,431 Continuation-In-Part US20020012710A1 (en) | 1999-11-29 | 2001-05-18 | Pomegranate products useful in improving health and methods of use thereof |
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PCT/IL2000/000800 WO2001037848A1 (en) | 1999-11-29 | 2000-11-29 | Mixture of pomegranate seed oil and juice products |
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EP (1) | EP1233773A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2003514865A (en) |
AU (1) | AU774619B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2389537A1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL149521A0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001037848A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200203898B (en) |
Cited By (13)
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US6641850B1 (en) * | 1999-04-19 | 2003-11-04 | Stewart And Lynda Resnick Revocable Trust | Methods of using pomegranate extracts for causing regression in lesions due to arteriosclerosis in humans |
WO2004056444A1 (en) * | 2002-12-19 | 2004-07-08 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | A process for extraction of antioxidant principles from pomegranate fruit waste |
WO2008001391A3 (en) * | 2006-06-27 | 2009-03-05 | Jawaharlal Nehru Ct For Advanc | Site-specific inhibitors of histone methyltransferase [hmtase] and process of preparation thereof |
WO2009062068A1 (en) * | 2007-11-07 | 2009-05-14 | Kerry Group Services International, Ltd. | Flavoring agents |
US7611738B2 (en) | 2005-05-24 | 2009-11-03 | Pom Wonderful, Llc | Processes for extracting phytochemicals from pomegranate solids and compositions and methods of use thereof |
EP2132994A1 (en) * | 2008-06-11 | 2009-12-16 | Ludwig Manfred Jacob | Fermentation of solutions containing pomegranate juice with sacchatomyces boulardii and lactobacilli, resulting fermented products and application thereof |
US7727563B2 (en) | 1999-04-19 | 2010-06-01 | Pom Wonderful, Llc | Methods of using pomegranate extracts for treating diabetes related atherosclerotic complications in humans |
US8178137B2 (en) | 2006-03-15 | 2012-05-15 | Pom Wonderful, Llc | Method of using pomegranate extracts for increasing prostate specific antigen doubling time |
US8372454B2 (en) | 1999-04-19 | 2013-02-12 | Pom Wonderful Llc | Methods of making pomegranate compounds for the treatment of erectile dysfunction |
WO2013160896A1 (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2013-10-31 | Hadasit Medical Research Services And Development Ltd. | Pomegranate oil for preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases |
US8609152B2 (en) | 2005-05-24 | 2013-12-17 | Mohammad Madjid | Compositions and methods for extracting and using phytochemicals for the treatment of influenza |
IT201600093758A1 (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2018-03-19 | Codex V Srl | UNSAPONIFYABLE OF NATURAL LIPIDS FOR USE IN THE TREATMENT OF TUMOR PATHOLOGIES |
CN109042854A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2018-12-21 | 云南省农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | A kind of preservation method of pomegranate seed |
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US20080044504A1 (en) * | 2004-07-05 | 2008-02-21 | Marukin Bio, Inc. | Pomegranate Juice, Pomegranate Juice Powder and Process for Producing the Powder |
JP5654214B2 (en) * | 2008-06-04 | 2015-01-14 | 丸善製薬株式会社 | Hair suppressant and skin cosmetic for hair suppression |
JP5770462B2 (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2015-08-26 | 株式会社クワン | Method for producing seeded pomegranate juice, seeded pomegranate juice comprising the production method, and pomegranate juice-containing jelly using the seeded pomegranate juice |
JP7237998B2 (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2023-03-13 | 小林製薬株式会社 | Composition for inhibiting phosphodiesterase 5 activity |
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US5624698A (en) * | 1994-06-28 | 1997-04-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Stable beverage fountain syrups containing oil phase and method of stabilizing fountain syrup oil phase |
US5891440A (en) * | 1996-12-31 | 1999-04-06 | Lansky; Ephraim Philip | Phytoestrogen supplement prepared from pomegranate seeds and a herbal mixture or coconut milk |
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IT1013027B (en) * | 1972-03-31 | 1977-03-30 | Trebjesa Ind Piava Ulja I Soko | PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POMEGRANATE JUICE |
DE4312109A1 (en) * | 1992-11-14 | 1994-10-20 | Khalil Ahmad | Hair tonic system and hair lotion to counteract hair loss |
RU2070051C1 (en) * | 1992-10-15 | 1996-12-10 | Нижегородский научно-исследовательский институт детской гастроэнтерологии | Agent for diarrhea treatment |
-
2000
- 2000-11-29 AU AU17282/01A patent/AU774619B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-11-29 IL IL14952100A patent/IL149521A0/en unknown
- 2000-11-29 WO PCT/IL2000/000800 patent/WO2001037848A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-11-29 EP EP00979906A patent/EP1233773A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-11-29 JP JP2001539462A patent/JP2003514865A/en active Pending
- 2000-11-29 CA CA002389537A patent/CA2389537A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2002
- 2002-05-16 ZA ZA200203898A patent/ZA200203898B/en unknown
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US5624698A (en) * | 1994-06-28 | 1997-04-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Stable beverage fountain syrups containing oil phase and method of stabilizing fountain syrup oil phase |
US5891440A (en) * | 1996-12-31 | 1999-04-06 | Lansky; Ephraim Philip | Phytoestrogen supplement prepared from pomegranate seeds and a herbal mixture or coconut milk |
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AU774619B2 (en) | 2004-07-01 |
AU1728201A (en) | 2001-06-04 |
JP2003514865A (en) | 2003-04-22 |
EP1233773A1 (en) | 2002-08-28 |
EP1233773A4 (en) | 2004-10-06 |
IL149521A0 (en) | 2002-11-10 |
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