WO2001035133A1 - Guide d'ondes optique athermique compact utilisant l'amplification par dilatation thermique - Google Patents

Guide d'ondes optique athermique compact utilisant l'amplification par dilatation thermique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001035133A1
WO2001035133A1 PCT/DK2000/000627 DK0000627W WO0135133A1 WO 2001035133 A1 WO2001035133 A1 WO 2001035133A1 DK 0000627 W DK0000627 W DK 0000627W WO 0135133 A1 WO0135133 A1 WO 0135133A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical waveguide
optical fiber
optical
displacement amplifier
thermal expansion
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Application number
PCT/DK2000/000627
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English (en)
Inventor
Ole Sigmund
Martijn Beukema
Jens Engholm Pedersen
Original Assignee
Koheras A/S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koheras A/S filed Critical Koheras A/S
Priority to AU12697/01A priority Critical patent/AU1269701A/en
Publication of WO2001035133A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001035133A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
    • G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
    • G02B6/02171—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by means for compensating environmentally induced changes
    • G02B6/02176—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by means for compensating environmentally induced changes due to temperature fluctuations
    • G02B6/0218—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by means for compensating environmentally induced changes due to temperature fluctuations using mounting means, e.g. by using a combination of materials having different thermal expansion coefficients

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling the temperature sensitivity of an optical waveguide having a positive thermal optical path length expansion where a first part of the optical waveguide is affixed to a point on a displacement amplifier and a second part is affixed to a another point at a distance from the first part, said optical waveguide being pre- strained between the two affixing points such that it forms a well defined axis.
  • thermo-optic effect yields the dominant contribution, and for most optical materials the thermo-optic coefficient is positive, i.e. the refractive index increases with increasing temperature. In silica this increase is of the order of +11 -10 "6 /°C at near- to mid-infrared wavelengths. For components based on UV-written Bragg gratings in fibers or planar waveguides this results in a temperature dependence of the center wavelength of approximately 0.01 nm/°C.
  • the channel spacing may be e.g. 50 GHz / 0.4 nm and system administration requires that the wavelength stays within at least 25% of the channel spacing.
  • the wavelength should drift no more than 0.1 nm corresponding to temperature change of approximately 10 °C.
  • the temperature may vary by much more that 10 °C and it is thus necessary to reduce the temperature dependent wavelength drift by somewhere around a factor of 10, corresponding to a wavelength dependence no higher than 0.001 nm/°C.
  • the temperature of the device is stabilised actively, e.g. by measuring the device temperature and controlling it through a suitable feedback.
  • a disadvantage of this method is that energy is produced which will dissipate to the rest of the system.
  • thermo-optic coefficient is manipulated to balance the thermal expansion, or vice versa.
  • n, ⁇ and ⁇ are the values for the refractive index, the thermal expansion and the strain.
  • ⁇ is the Bragg grating period.
  • the 1 st term which includes the thermo-optic coefficient 3n/9T represents the change in refractive index with temperature
  • the 2 nd term is the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the optical fiber
  • the 3 rd term which includes the elasto- optic coefficient dnld ⁇ represents the change in refractive index with strain
  • the last term represents the change in the Bragg grating period with strain.
  • thermo-optic coefficient is modified to tune the thermo-optic coefficient so that it cancels out the contributions from thermal expansion and strain. In most fiber optical materials these two effects act together to increase the center wavelength with temperature. However, by tailoring the optical material to provide a negative thermo-optic coefficient, the positive contribution from the remaining terms is balanced to provide a stable center wavelength. A disadvantage of this method is that it is difficult to produce an optical material with a negative thermo-optic coefficient while maintaining other properties of the material.
  • the optical fiber is mounted on a substrate under tension in such a way that its effective thermal expansion becomes negative to compensate the normally positive contributions from the thermo-optic and photo-elastic effects.
  • equation (1 ) reduces to:
  • ⁇ s and ⁇ f are the CTE's of the substrate and the optical fiber respectively.
  • the CTE of the substrate can be made negative by the following methods.
  • the substrate is composed of two materials of different length and having different positive CTE's.
  • the shortest piece of material is made from the material with the highest positive CTE and the longest piece is made from the material with the lowest positive CTE.
  • the other ends of the two pieces will approach each other as the temperature is increased. This presumes that the lengths and material parameters are balanced correctly.
  • an optical fiber is mounted under tension between these ends its effective thermal expansion becomes negative.
  • a disadvantage of this method is that the substrate must be quite long to obtain the desired behaviour. Specifically the substrate will be longer than the fiber device by the length of the material with the highest positive CTE.
  • the substrate consists of a single material with an intrinsic negative CTE.
  • An optical fiber is mounted under tension on the substrate.
  • This method has the advantage that once the correct material composition has been provided no further adjustments are required in order to achieve a stable center wavelength.
  • this method has the advantage of simplicity in the mounting process; the exact length of the fiber is not important.
  • a disadvantage of this method lies in the limited selection of materials that combine a proper negative CTE with other required material properties, eg. insensitivity to humidity, proper stiffness and mechanical robustness.
  • Another disadvantage of this method is its relative inflexibility: one substrate material will match only one value of the thermo-optic coefficient.
  • US patent 5 042 898 discloses a method wherein two pieces of different materials with different CTE's and different length are arranged to balance the thermo-optic coefficient of an optical fiber (the first method described above).
  • This method has the disadvantage of requiring full control over the process used to fix the optical fiber to the substrate.
  • the substrate must be quite long to obtain the desired behaviour. Specifically the substrate will be longer than the fiber device by the length of the material with the highest positive CTE. This technique makes use solely of the longitudinal forces that arise due to the differential CTE's of the two materials forming the substrate.
  • US patent 5 694 503 discloses a method using a single substrate material with an intrinsic negative CTE (corresponding to the second method described above) combined with a particular class of substrate material with an intrinsic negative CTE: Zr-tungstate and/or Hf-tungstate.
  • the thermal expansion can be tailored by admixture of positive CTE material (e.g., AI 2 O 3 , SiO 2 ) to the negative CTE material (e.g., ZrW 2 O 8 ), or by a variety of other techniques. This mixture being a ceramic is potentially fragile.
  • US patent 5 841 920 discloses a method wherein a mechanical structure, consisting of a compensating and a tension adjusting member, exhibits a negative thermal expansion on which an optical fiber component, such as a grating, can be mounted.
  • the tension adjusting member and the compensating member are formed of materials selected so that as the temperature of the device decreases, the tension adjusting member contracts more than the compensating member so as to control the deformation of the compensating member and thereby impose an axial strain on the grating.
  • This method is based on deflection of the fiber device and hence requires the fiber to rest firmly on a support whereas in some applications the fiber should be free to move along the whole length of the device without any contact.
  • International application WO 99/27400 discloses a method using a single substrate material with an intrinsic negative CTE (corresponding to the second method described above) combined with a particular class of substrate material with an intrinsic negative CTE, the substrate material being fiber based composite materials using fibers with negative CTE in a resin matrix.
  • the design of the composite material offers flexibility in the choice of the negative CTE and the material is mechanically rugged it is also sensitive to environmental influences such as humidity.
  • This object is achieved by providing a method for controlling the temperature sensitivity of an optical waveguide having a positive thermal optical path length expansion where a first part of the optical waveguide is affixed to a point on a displacement amplifier and a second part is affixed to a another point at a distance from the first part, said optical waveguide being pre-strained between the two affixing points such that it forms a well defined axis.
  • This method is characterised in that the displacement amplifier is mounted on a support in such a way that its motion in directions substantially perpendicular to the axis of the optical waveguide is constrained by the motion of the support.
  • This method has, amongst other things, the advantage that the substrate can be made much shorter than the substrate known from the prior art.
  • the second part constitutes the support or another displacement amplifier as stated in claims 2,3 respectively.
  • the displacement amplifier has two beams forming a V-shape and two adjoining beams forming a base for attachment to the support.
  • the V-shaped displacement amplifier(s) is (are) mounted in such a way that, as stated in claim 10, the V-shape of the displacement amplifier, where the first part of the optical waveguide is fixed, points towards the other fixation point of the optical waveguide.
  • the displacement amplifier is made of a material exhibiting a low degree of mechanical hysteresis. This is in order to minimise hysteresis in the wavelength response of the packaged device. Examples of such materials are Macor ® for the V-shaped displacement amplifiers (high CTE, easy to machine).
  • a controlled tension is applied to the optical waveguide prior to affixing it to the negative thermal expansion fixture.
  • the tension is adjusted to such a level that the thermal expansion of the waveguide is determined solely by the thermal expansion of the fixture and not by the thermal expansion of the waveguide itself over the temperature interval specified for the device.
  • the center wavelength of fiber optic devices such as fiber Bragg gratings and fiber Bragg grating based fiber lasers is adjusted, as stated in claim 15, by applying a controlled bias tension to the optical waveguide prior to fixation.
  • Post tuning of this center wavelength is possible, as stated in claim 16, by applying a further controlled bias tension to the optical waveguide after fixation, whereby the position of the displacement amplifier is adjusted in the axial direction of the optical waveguide.
  • the optical waveguide is an optical fiber, e.g. single mode fiber.
  • optical fiber e.g. single mode fiber.
  • the optical waveguide is an optical fiber device, such as, cf. claim 19, a fiber Bragg grating.
  • optical waveguides include optical fiber lasers, cf. claim 22, that are doped with one or more rare earth elements, including La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu, and that have UV-induced Bragg gratings.
  • optical fiber lasers cf. claim 22
  • one or more rare earth elements including La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu
  • stable polarisation mode optical fiber DFB lasers or optical fiber DBR lasers Stable single polarisation mode operation of these devices is necessary for a number of important applications including optical communication where external modulation requires the use of polarisation sensitive devices such as lithium niobate modulators.
  • the optical fiber laser is, as stated in claim 25, spliced to a polarisation maintaining fiber, and the polarisation axes of both have been aligned by twisting the polarisation maintaining fiber and the optical fiber laser relative to each other prior to both the optical fiber laser and the polarisation maintaining fiber being affixed to the device.
  • the polarisation extinction is optimised at the other end of the polarisation maintaining fiber so that the optical output is in a controlled single linear polarisation state.
  • Figure 1 shows the schematics of an ideal negative thermal expansion fixture comprising a support (in this figure the support consists of a frame) made of a material with a low positive CTE and one V-shaped displacement amplifier made of a material with a high positive CTE.
  • An UV-grating based optical fiber component is mounted on the negative thermal expansion fixture;
  • Figure 2 shows a practical implementation of the negative thermal expansion fixture
  • Figure 3 shows a negative thermal expansion fixture including two V- shaped displacement amplifiers for use with longer components
  • Figure 4 shows another practical embodiment of implementation of a negative thermal expansion fixture where the support consists of a base plate
  • Figure 5 shows graphs of the contributions to the CTE between fiber component mounting points on an ideal negative thermal expansion fixture made from a single V-shaped displacement amplifier.
  • Figure 6 shows a graph of the thermal response of 1 ) a non-compensated fiber Bragg grating, and 2) a fiber Bragg grating mounted on a negative thermal expansion fixture with two V-shaped displacement amplifiers;
  • Figure 7 shows the variation of the CTE as a function of the fiber mounting point position on the V-shaped displacement amplifier relative to the bottom of the V-shaped displacement amplifier.
  • the fixture 1 consists of a support 2 made from a material with low positive CTE and one (or two) V-shaped displacement amplifiers 3.
  • the V-shaped displacement amplifier 3 typically consists of the actual V-shape (convex shape) 4 and an outer region 5 for fixation to the support 2.
  • the thermal expansion between the fixture points 7 can be approximated as (for a single V-shaped displacement amplifier):
  • This amplification arises because the motion of the displacement amplifier 3 in directions substantially perpendicular to the axis of the optical fiber component 6 mounted on the negative thermal expansion fixture 1 is constrained by the motion of the support 2. Hence, by way of example, if the negative thermal expansion fixture 1 is heated, the displacement amplifier 3 will want to expand more than the support 2.
  • the length along the fiber axis of the V-shaped displacement amplifier is approximately 1 mm and the length of the package is only slightly longer than the device.
  • the effective thermal expansion goes to minus infinity when the displacement amplifier position l 2 approaches the fiber length .
  • the ideal fixture assumes that the V-shaped displacement amplifiers are build with loss-free hinges and rigid bars.
  • the V- shaped displacement amplifier is flexible and can be built with compliant hinges (see figures 2,3,4) which degrades the performance. This results in the CTE curve bending back towards positive values as the displacement amplifier position l 2 approaches the fiber length .
  • the stiffness of the V-shaped displacement amplifier approaches zero when the displacement amplifier position l 2 approaches the fiber length / ? .
  • the device In order to predict the thermal expansion and stiffness of a practical fixture, the device must be modeled using e.g. Finite Element analysis.
  • FIG. 2 the V-shaped displacement amplifier 3 is attached within a frame by screws 9 or other means.
  • the frame can be machined out of one piece of material.
  • the V-shaped displacement amplifier 3 can be machined, casted or extruded followed by drilling and threading.
  • FIG. 6 shows a practical realization of the fixture including two V-shaped displacement amplifiers 3. This way a numerically higher negative CTE is obtained for the same distance between V-shaped displacement amplifiers 3. This makes it possible to compensate longer components with un-changed thermo-optic coefficient.
  • FIG 4 a different practical realization using a base plate for support is illustrated. A base plate is easier to fabricate than a frame. This is especially important when the base plate material is difficult to machine such as is the case e.g. for quartz.
  • a temperature stabilised optical waveguide such as a UV-written Bragg grating based component, is realized by affixing the optical waveguide under controlled tension onto two points of a V-shaped displacement amplifier fixture with a negative CTE in such a manner that the positive thermal wavelength response of the waveguide is balanced and the thermal response of the packaged component ideally reduces to zero nm/K.
  • optical fiber Bragg gratings and optical fiber DFB or DBR lasers can be thermally stabilised using the V-shaped displacement amplifier fixture of the invention.
  • the V-shaped displacement amplifier fixture consists of a support made from a material with a low thermal expansion onto which is mounted a V- shaped displacement amplifier made from a material with a high thermal expansion. Provided that geometrical and material parameters are selected according to special criteria, the bottom point of the V-shaped displacement amplifier and a point on the frame will approach each other when the temperature is increased. When an optical waveguide is mounted under tension between these two points, its effective thermal expansion becomes negative. By choosing all parameters correctly the effective negative thermal expansion can be designed to balance the positive thermal wavelength response of the waveguide thus providing an athermal waveguide.
  • Two V-shaped displacement amplifiers can be mounted in opposite directions on the support / in the frame to obtain numerically higher values of the negative thermal expansion.
  • a small angle of the V-shaped displacement amplifier a low displacement amplification factor is achieved resulting in a numerically low value of the effective negative thermal expansion.
  • a large angle of the V-shaped displacement amplifier a large amplification of the negative thermal expansion behaviour is obtained.
  • This method has the advantage that the substrate can be made short, and indeed with a length not greatly exceeding the length of the waveguide component.
  • the method has the advantage that different values of the CTE can be obtained within a certain range by mounting the waveguide off center in the V-shaped displacement amplifier - thus providing a means for fine-tuning the device.
  • V-shaped displacement amplifier fixture Besides providing a short package with a numerically high negative CTE, other qualities of the V-shaped displacement amplifier fixture include high mechanical stability, the possibility of using different mounting methods including soldering, and the option of very precise tuning of the center wavelength of the fiber device after mounting.
  • the required value for the CTE of the V-shaped displacement amplifier fixture is therefore approximately (depending on exact optical waveguide parameters):
  • V-shaped displacement amplifier fixture will produce negative CTE's in a range around this value as illustrated in figure 5.
  • a temperature stabilised optical waveguide is obtained by affixing the optical waveguide under controlled tension on the V-shaped displacement amplifier mount. Specifically, a controlled tension is applied to the optical fiber in an amount so that both the desired center wavelength is obtained and the fiber remains under positive tension over the entire temperature interval specified for its function. This interval may typically be between -40 °C and +70 °C. I.e., if the optical fiber is affixed to the V-shaped displacement amplifier fixture at room temperature, say 20 °C, then it should still be under tension when heated to 70 °C. With a temperature sensitivity of the center wavelength of e.g.
  • a fiber Bragg grating was photo induced in a UV-sensitive fiber using an excimer laser operating at 248 nm and a phase mask.
  • a temperature stabilised optical fiber Bragg grating was obtained by affixing the optical fiber under controlled tension on a negative expanding fixture made according to the invention. It was fabricated with a 19 mm wide frame made of stainless steel, two opposing 15 mm wide V-shaped displacement amplifiers made of aluminium. The distance between the bottom points of the V-shapes was 25 mm and the distance between the mounting points of V-shapes was 27 mm. Tension was applied so that both the correct center wavelength was obtained and the fiber remained under positive tension over the temperature interval specified for the component. After tension was applied, the fiber was glued to the negative expanding fixture.
  • the temperature stablized grating experienced a wavelength variation of less than 15 pm over the interval between room temperature and 70 °C. This should be compared with a temperature sensitivity of approximately 0.01 nm/°C of the free grating.
  • the CTE of the package (1 in figures 1-4) is sensitive to the position (l 2 in figures 1-4) of the V-shaped displacement amplifier (3 in figures 1-4) on the support (2 in figures 1-4). This provides a method for fine-tuning the CTE of the device (1 in figures 1-4).
  • the CTE can be tuned by placing the optical fiber with the grating (6 in figures 1-4) on different positions on the convex part of the V-shaped displacement amplifier (4 in figures 1-4).
  • the CTE increases towards positive values as the fixation point (7 in figures 1-4) is moved away from from the bottom of the V-shaped displacement amplifier towards the outer region of the V-shaped displacement amplifier (5 in figures 1-4). This is illustrated by the graph in figure 7. In this way the package can compensate the thermo optic effect for different types of optical fibers.
  • the optical fiber can be affixed to the V-shaped displacement amplifiers using adhesives such as polymeric adhesives, soldering or welding, depending on the performance requirements.
  • adhesives such as polymeric adhesives, soldering or welding, depending on the performance requirements.
  • a polymeric adhesive such as a thermally curing epoxy adhesive, e.g. EpoTek 353ND
  • a thin bond line should be used to reduce creep to a minimum.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé utilisant des guides d'ondes optiques à stabilisation de température à dilatation thermique positive de la longueur de la voie optique, notamment des réseaux de Bragg à fibres ou des lasers à réaction répartie à fibre optique ou des lasers à réflecteur Bragg réparti. Le procédé consiste à fixer le guide d'ondes optiques dans au moins deux points d'une ferrure à dilatation négative. Cette ferrure à dilatation négative comprend un ou deux amplificateurs de déplacement en V qui sont faits à partir d'un matériau ayant un CTE positif élevé, monté dans un cadre qui est fait à partir d'un matériau à CTE positif moins élevé. L'amplificateur de déplacement en V est monté sur un support de manière à ce que son mouvement dans des directions sensiblement perpendiculaires à l'axe du dispositif à fibres installé soit limité par le support et transféré à un déplacement (amplifié) le long de l'axe des fibres.
PCT/DK2000/000627 1999-11-11 2000-11-10 Guide d'ondes optique athermique compact utilisant l'amplification par dilatation thermique WO2001035133A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU12697/01A AU1269701A (en) 1999-11-11 2000-11-10 Compact athermal optical waveguide using thermal expansion amplification

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DKPA199901615 1999-11-11
DKPA199901615 1999-11-11

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WO2001035133A1 true WO2001035133A1 (fr) 2001-05-17

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1617244A1 (fr) * 2004-06-29 2006-01-18 STMicroelectronics S.r.l. Dispositif optique comprenant un réseau de Bragg et sa méthode de fabrication
EP1679497A1 (fr) * 2005-01-10 2006-07-12 Fibersensing - Sistemas Avançados de Monitorização S.A. Capteur athermique passive de déformation basée sur un réseaux de Bragg à fibre
WO2017050767A1 (fr) * 2015-09-21 2017-03-30 fos4X GmbH Dispositif de serrage d'un guide d'ondes lumineuses, capteur à fibre optique et procédé de fabrication
CN108139236A (zh) * 2015-09-21 2018-06-08 福斯4X股份有限公司 传感器贴片及其制造传感器贴片的方法
WO2018191290A1 (fr) * 2017-04-10 2018-10-18 Etegent Technologies Ltd. Capteur de guide d'ondes mécanique actif distribué ayant un amortissement
EP3459811A1 (fr) * 2017-09-22 2019-03-27 Thales Management & Services Deutschland GmbH Dispositif de mesure des allongements, en particulier pour un compteur d'essieux
WO2019125740A1 (fr) * 2017-12-22 2019-06-27 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Support de guide d'ondes optique
US10854941B2 (en) 2013-11-01 2020-12-01 Etegent Technologies, Ltd. Broadband waveguide
US10852277B2 (en) 2014-04-09 2020-12-01 Etegent Technologies, Ltd. Active waveguide excitation and compensation

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US5042898A (en) * 1989-12-26 1991-08-27 United Technologies Corporation Incorporated Bragg filter temperature compensated optical waveguide device
WO1997026572A1 (fr) * 1996-01-16 1997-07-24 Corning Incorporated Dispositif optique athermique
US5841920A (en) * 1997-03-18 1998-11-24 Lucent Technologies Inc. Fiber grating package

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5042898A (en) * 1989-12-26 1991-08-27 United Technologies Corporation Incorporated Bragg filter temperature compensated optical waveguide device
WO1997026572A1 (fr) * 1996-01-16 1997-07-24 Corning Incorporated Dispositif optique athermique
US5841920A (en) * 1997-03-18 1998-11-24 Lucent Technologies Inc. Fiber grating package

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1617244A1 (fr) * 2004-06-29 2006-01-18 STMicroelectronics S.r.l. Dispositif optique comprenant un réseau de Bragg et sa méthode de fabrication
EP1679497A1 (fr) * 2005-01-10 2006-07-12 Fibersensing - Sistemas Avançados de Monitorização S.A. Capteur athermique passive de déformation basée sur un réseaux de Bragg à fibre
US10854941B2 (en) 2013-11-01 2020-12-01 Etegent Technologies, Ltd. Broadband waveguide
US10852277B2 (en) 2014-04-09 2020-12-01 Etegent Technologies, Ltd. Active waveguide excitation and compensation
US11982648B2 (en) 2014-04-09 2024-05-14 Etegent Technologies, Ltd. Active waveguide excitation and compensation
CN108139237A (zh) * 2015-09-21 2018-06-08 福斯4X股份有限公司 光导夹持装置、光纤传感器及其制造方法
CN108139236A (zh) * 2015-09-21 2018-06-08 福斯4X股份有限公司 传感器贴片及其制造传感器贴片的方法
US10761261B2 (en) 2015-09-21 2020-09-01 fos4X GmbH Light guide clamping device, fiber optic sensor and production method
WO2017050767A1 (fr) * 2015-09-21 2017-03-30 fos4X GmbH Dispositif de serrage d'un guide d'ondes lumineuses, capteur à fibre optique et procédé de fabrication
US10684145B2 (en) 2015-09-21 2020-06-16 fos4X GmbH Sensor patch and method for producing a sensor patch
WO2018191290A1 (fr) * 2017-04-10 2018-10-18 Etegent Technologies Ltd. Capteur de guide d'ondes mécanique actif distribué ayant un amortissement
US11686627B2 (en) 2017-04-10 2023-06-27 Etegent Technologies Ltd. Distributed active mechanical waveguide sensor driven at multiple frequencies and including frequency-dependent reflectors
US11473981B2 (en) 2017-04-10 2022-10-18 Etegent Technologies Ltd. Damage detection for mechanical waveguide sensor
EP3459811A1 (fr) * 2017-09-22 2019-03-27 Thales Management & Services Deutschland GmbH Dispositif de mesure des allongements, en particulier pour un compteur d'essieux
KR102163395B1 (ko) 2017-09-22 2020-10-20 탈레스 매니지먼트 앤드 서비씨즈 도이칠란트 게엠베하 특히 차축 계산기를 위한 스트레인 게이지 조립체
KR20200051811A (ko) * 2017-09-22 2020-05-13 탈레스 매니지먼트 앤드 서비씨즈 도이칠란트 게엠베하 특히 차축 계산기를 위한 스트레인 게이지 조립체
CN111108033A (zh) * 2017-09-22 2020-05-05 泰雷兹管理与服务德国股份有限公司 特别是用于计轴器的应变测量设备
US10926782B2 (en) 2017-09-22 2021-02-23 Thales Management & Services Deutschland Gmbh Strain gauge assembly, particularly for an axle counter
CN111108033B (zh) * 2017-09-22 2021-03-23 泰雷兹管理与服务德国股份有限公司 应变测量设备
CN112880579A (zh) * 2017-09-22 2021-06-01 泰雷兹管理与服务德国股份有限公司 特别是用于计轴器的应变测量设备
US11345376B2 (en) 2017-09-22 2022-05-31 Thales Management & Services Deutschland Gmbh Strain gauge assembly, particularly for an axle counter
CN112880579B (zh) * 2017-09-22 2022-12-13 泰雷兹管理与服务德国股份有限公司 特别是用于计轴器的应变测量设备
WO2019057491A1 (fr) * 2017-09-22 2019-03-28 Thales Management & Services Deutschland Gmbh Dispositif extensomètre, en particulier pour compteur d'essieux
US10551557B2 (en) 2017-12-22 2020-02-04 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Optical waveguide mount
WO2019125740A1 (fr) * 2017-12-22 2019-06-27 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Support de guide d'ondes optique

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