WO2001031746A1 - Antenne a resonateur dielectrique avec alimentations multiples et faisceaux orientables, ayant diverses sections transversales - Google Patents

Antenne a resonateur dielectrique avec alimentations multiples et faisceaux orientables, ayant diverses sections transversales Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001031746A1
WO2001031746A1 PCT/GB2000/004155 GB0004155W WO0131746A1 WO 2001031746 A1 WO2001031746 A1 WO 2001031746A1 GB 0004155 W GB0004155 W GB 0004155W WO 0131746 A1 WO0131746 A1 WO 0131746A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
dielectric resonator
dielectric
feeds
resonator
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2000/004155
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Simon Philip Kingsley
Steven Gregory O'keefe
Pilgrim Giles William Beart
Original Assignee
Antenova Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/431,548 external-priority patent/US6452565B1/en
Application filed by Antenova Limited filed Critical Antenova Limited
Priority to JP2001533595A priority Critical patent/JP2003513495A/ja
Priority to EP00971607A priority patent/EP1232538B1/fr
Priority to AU10437/01A priority patent/AU1043701A/en
Priority to CA002389161A priority patent/CA2389161A1/fr
Priority to DE60040862T priority patent/DE60040862D1/de
Publication of WO2001031746A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001031746A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0485—Dielectric resonator antennas
    • H01Q9/0492—Dielectric resonator antennas circularly polarised
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/09—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens wherein the primary active element is coated with or embedded in a dielectric or magnetic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0485—Dielectric resonator antennas

Definitions

  • This invention relates to dielectric resonator antennas with steerable receive and transmit beams and more particularly to an antenna having several separate feeds such that several separate beams can be created simultaneously and combined as desired, the dielectric resonator antenna including a dielectric resonator of various different cross-sections.
  • One method of electronically steering an antenna pattern is to have a number of existing beams and to switch between them, or to combine them so as to achieve the desired beam direction.
  • a circular DRA may be fed by a single probe or aperture placed in or under the dielectric and tuned to excite a particular resonant mode.
  • the fundamental HEM ⁇ s mode is used, but there are many other resonant modes which produce beams that can be steered equally well using the apparatus of embodiments of the present invention.
  • the preferred HEM ⁇ s mode is a hybrid electromagnetic resonance mode radiating like a horizontal magnetic dipole and giving rise to vertically polarised cosine or figure-of-eight shaped radiation pattern [LONG, S.A., McALLISTER, M.W., and SHEN, L.C.: 'The resonant cylindrical dielectric cavity antenna', IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., AP-31, 1983, pp 406-412].
  • Modelling by the present Applicants of cylindrical DRAs by FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) and practical experimentation has shown that if several such probes are inserted into the dielectric and one is driven whilst all the others are open-circuit then the beam direction can be moved by switching different probes in and out.
  • sum and difference patterns can be produced which allow continuous beam-steering and direction finding by amplitude-comparison, monopulse or similar techniques.
  • a hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna has the advantage of a simple spherical interface between itself and free space [LEUNG, K.W., LUK, K.M., LAI, K.Y.A. & LIN, D.: "Theory and experiment of a co-axial probe fed hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, AP-41, 1993, pp 1390-1398] and of being capable of being rigorously analysed which simplifies design procedures [LEUNG, K.W., NG, K.W. LUK, K.M. & YUNG, E.K.N., "Simple formula for analysing the centre-fed hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna", Electronics Letters, 1997, 33, (6)].
  • a dielectric resonator antenna including a grounded substrate, a dielectric resonator disposed on the grounded substrate and a plurality of feeds for transferring energy into and from different regions of the dielectric resonator, the feeds being activatable individually or in combination so as to produce at least one incrementally or continuously steerable beam which may be steered through a predetermined angle, characterised in that the dielectric resonator has a cross-section that varies along an axis extending substantially perpendicularly from the grounded substrate.
  • the axis may be defined as substantially perpendicular to a plane which is tangential to a surface of the grounded substrate at a point from where the axis is taken.
  • the cross-section may vary in size or in shape or in both size and shape along the axis.
  • the dielectric resonator antenna includes electronic circuitry adapted to activate the feeds individually or in combination so as to produce at least one incrementally or continuously steerable beam which may be steered through a predetermined angle.
  • the dielectric resonator has the form of a cone or a truncated cone.
  • the cone may be a right cone or a non-right cone, and may be configured such that its cross-section increases or decreases in area along the axis.
  • conical resonators may have increased bandwidth and, in the case of non-right conical resonators, may allow a generated beam pattern to vary about the axis.
  • the dielectric resonator has the form of a pyramid or a truncated pyramid.
  • the pyramid may be a right pyramid or a non-right pyramid, and may be configured such that its cross-section increases or decreases in area along the axis.
  • the pyramid may be a 3 -pyramid, a 4-pyramid, a 5 -pyramid or an n-pyramid, where n is a positive integer.
  • such pyramidal resonators may have increased bandwidth and, in the case of non-right conical resonators, may allow a generated beam pattern to vary about the axis.
  • an oblong resonator has two resonant frequencies associated with the dimensions of the two differently-sized sides. Accordingly, it is expected that a resonator having a greater number of differently-sized sides will have a greater number of resonant frequencies. These resonant frequencies may be selected to be closely spaced so as . to increase bandwidth, or to be widely spaced so as to permit operation in different frequency bands.
  • the dielectric resonator has the form of a stepped cone or pyramid or a truncated stepped cone or pyramid.
  • the term 'stepped' is here intended to mean a structure of generally conical or pyramidal shape having a surface which is not even, such as a Tower of Hanoi structure corresponding in external shape to a stack of discs of diminishing diameter.
  • the stepped cone or pyramid may be a right stepped cone or pyramid or a non-right stepped cone or pyramid, and may be configured such that its cross-section increases or decreases in area along the axis.
  • stepped conical or pyramidal resonators may have increased bandwidth and, in the case of non-right stepped conical or pyramidal resonators, may allow a generated beam pattern to vary about the axis.
  • the dielectric resonator is generally dome shaped or has the form of a sphere or a portion of a sphere.
  • the resonator may be substantially spherical, hemispherical, semihemispherical, semidemihemispherical or the like.
  • the resonator may have the form of an arbitrary segment of a sphere. Such shapes allow beamsteering in three-dimensions from the curved surface portion of the resonator.
  • a substantially spherical resonator may be made up of two substantially hemispherical resonator elements, each contacting a grounded substrate and fed by monopole feeds.
  • the hemispherical elements may be joined together on either side of a shared grounded substrate so as to make a substantially spherical resonator, or may each be provided with a separate grounded substrate at their base portions and then placed close to each other so as to make a substantially spherical resonator.
  • the dielectric resonator is amorphous, i.e. of irregular or indeterminate shape.
  • the resonator may be formed as an amorphous mass of dielectric gel or other appropriate dielectric material such as a plastics material.
  • an amorphous resonator may be moulded as part of a structure such as a casing for a mobile telephone or other communications device.
  • the dielectric resonator is annular with a hollow centre (in the manner of a "Gugelhupf ' cake, which has a generally toroidal structure having an overall dome-shaped profile).
  • a hollow centre in the manner of a "Gugelhupf ' cake, which has a generally toroidal structure having an overall dome-shaped profile.
  • the resonator may have a base perimeter which is circular, oval or any other appropriate shape.
  • geometries of non-circular cross-section generally confer the advantage of broad bandwidth operation.
  • a dielectric resonator antenna including a grounded substrate, a dielectric resonator disposed on the grounded substrate and a plurality of feeds for transferring energy into and from different regions of the dielectric resonator, the feeds being activatable individually or in combination so as to produce at least one incrementally or continuously steerable beam which may be steered through a predetermined angle, characterised in that the dielectric resonator has a non-circular cross-section.
  • the dielectric resonator antenna includes electronic circuitry adapted to activate the feeds individually or in combination so as to produce at least one incrementally or continuously steerable beam which may be steered through a predetermined angle.
  • the dielectric resonator may have a substantially oval cross-section, a regular or irregular polygonal cross-section, a lobed cross-section, or any other appropriate non-circular cross-section. These cross-sections generally allow the dielectric resonator to be lighter and to use less dielectric material than an equivalent size cylindrical resonator of truly circular cross-section. Non-circular cross-sections generally also provide better bandwidth and, when constructed in segmented form, may have low backlobes in predetermined directions.
  • the cross-section of the dielectric resonator may be substantially constant along an axis extending substantially perpendicularly from the grounded substrate or may vary, either in size or in shape or in both size and shape.
  • a dielectric resonator antenna including a dielectric resonator and at least one dipole feed for transferring energy into and from the dielectric resonator, the dipole feed having a longitudinal axis and being activatable so as to produce at least one incrementally or continuously steerable beam which may be steered through a predetermined angle, characterised in that the dielectric resonator has a cross-section that varies along an axis extending substantially parallel to the axis of the dipole feed.
  • the dielectric resonator may be in the form of a substantially solid sphere of a dielectric material which is fed by at least one and preferably more than one dipole probe and which does not need a grounded substrate. Such a resonator enables three- dimensional coverage over the whole sphere since there is no groundplane. Indeed, a dipole feed may be used to drive any shape of dielectric resonator without the need for a grounded substrate. Where monopole feeds and a grounded substrate are used, the grounded substrate acts as a mirror plane in which the dielectric resonator sees its mirror image.
  • An equivalent dielectric resonator antenna may be manufactured by providing a dielectric resonator having a shape corresponding to the shape of the monopole feed embodiment and its image as reflected in the plane of the grounded substrate. As stated above, there is then no need for a grounded substrate in the dipole feed embodiment. In general, however, the monopole feed embodiment is preferred, since it is easier to use a monopole feed inserted into a half-shape dielectric resonator disposed on a grounded substrate than it is to embed a dipole probe and feed cable within a whole shape dielectric resonator.
  • the substantially spherical dielectric resonator will generally be made up of two hemispherical portions which are stuck together so as to sandwich the at least one dipole feed between base portions thereof.
  • a dielectric resonator antenna including a dielectric resonator and at least one dipole feed for transferring energy into and from different regions of the dielectric resonator, the dipole feed being activatable so as to produce at least one incrementally or continuously steerable beam which may be steered through a predetermined angle, characterised in that the dielectric resonator has a non-circular cross-section.
  • the dipole feed preferably has a longitudinal axis, and the cross-section of the dielectric resonator is preferably defined as being substantially perpendicular to that axis.
  • the dielectric resonator may be substantially solid or may alternatively include at least one cavity therein.
  • the dielectric resonator may be in the form of a hollow shell of the desired shape.
  • the antenna of the present invention is adapted to produce at least one incrementally or continuously steerable beam which may be steered through a complete 360 degree circle.
  • electronic circuitry to combine the feeds to form sum and difference patterns to permit radio direction finding capability of up to 360 degrees.
  • the electronic circuitry may additionally or alternatively be adapted to combine the feeds to form amplitude or phase comparison radio direction finding capability of up to 360 degrees.
  • radio direction finding capability is a complete 360 degree circle.
  • the feeds may take the form of conductive probes which are contained within or placed against the dielectric resonator or may comprise aperture feeds provided in the grounded substrate (these are not appropriate for the dipole embodiment).
  • Aperture feeds are discontinuities (generally rectangular in shape) in the grounded substrate underneath the dielectric material and are generally excited by passing a microstrip transmission line beneath them.
  • the microstrip transmission line is usually printed on the underside of the substrate.
  • the feeds take the form of probes, these may be generally elongate in form. Examples of useful probes include thin cylindrical wires which are generally parallel to a longitudinal axis of the dielectric resonator.
  • Probes that might be used (and have been tested) include fat cylinders, non-circular cross sections, thin generally vertical plates and even thin generally vertical wires with conducting 'hats' on top (like toadstools). Probes may also comprise metallised strips placed within or against the dielectric. In general any conducting element within or against the dielectric resonator will excite resonance if positioned, sized and fed correctly.
  • the different probe shapes give rise to different bandwidths of resonance and may be disposed in various positions and orientations (at different distances along a radius from the centre and at different angles from the centre, as viewed from above) within or against the dielectric resonator so as to suit particular circumstances. Where more than feed is provided, different feeds can be driven at different frequencies so as to make the antenna transmit or receive simultaneously in different predetermined directions (e.g. azimuth and in elevation) at the different frequencies.
  • probes within or against the dielectric resonator which are not connected to the electronic circuitry but instead take a passive role in influencing the transmit/receive characteristics of the dynamic resonator antenna, for example by way of induction.
  • the dielectric resonator may be divided into segments by conducting walls provided therein, as described, for example, in TAM, M.T.K. AND MURCH, R.D., 'Compact circular sector and annular sector dielectric resonator antennas', IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., AP-47, 1999, pp 837-842.
  • an internal or external monopole antenna which is combined with the dielectric resonator antenna so as to cancel out backlobe fields or to resolve any front/back ambiguity which may occur with a dielectric resonator antenna having a cosine or 'figure of eight' radiation pattern.
  • the monopole antenna may be centrally-disposed within the dielectric resonator or may be mounted thereupon or therebelow and is activatable by the electronic circuitry. In embodiments including an annular resonator with a hollow centre, the monopole could be located within the hollow centre.
  • a "virtual" monopole may also be formed by the electrical or algorithmic combination of any probes or apertures, preferably a symmetrical set of probes or apertures.
  • the dielectric resonator antenna and antenna system of the present invention may be operated with a plurality of transmitters or receivers, these terms here being used to denote respectively a device acting as source of electronic signals for transmission by way of the antenna or a device acting to receive and process electronic signals communicated to the antenna by way of electromagnetic radiation.
  • the number of transmitters and/or receivers may or may not be equal to the number of feeds to the dielectric resonator.
  • a separate transmitter and/or receiver may be connected to each feed (i.e. one per feed), or a single transmitter and/or receiver to a single feed (i.e. a single transmitter and/or receiver is switched between feeds).
  • a single transmitter and/or receiver may be (simultaneously) connected to a plurality of feeds - by continuously varying the feed power between the feeds the beam and/or directional sensitivity of the antenna may be continuously steered.
  • a single transmitter and/or receiver may alternatively be connected to several non-adjacent feeds to the dielectric resonator, thereby enabling a significant increase in bandwidth to be attained as compared with a single feed (this is advantageous because DRAs generally have narrow bandwidths).
  • a single transmitter and/or receiver may be connected to several adjacent or non-adjacent feeds in order to produce an increase in the generated or detected radiation pattern, or to allow the antenna to radiate or receive in several directions simultaneously.
  • the dielectric resonator may be formed of any suitable dielectric material, or a combination of different dielectric materials, having an overall positive dielectric constant k; in preferred embodiments, k is at least 10 and may be at least 50 or even at least 100. k may even be very large e.g. greater than 1000, although available dielectric materials tend to limit such use to low frequencies.
  • the dielectric material may include materials in liquid, solid or gas states, or any intermediate state. The dielectric material could be of lower dielectric constant than a surrounding material in which it is embedded.
  • embodiments of the present invention may provide the following advantages:
  • the antenna can be made to transmit or receive in one of a number of preselected directions (in azimuth, for example).
  • the beam pattern can be made to rotate incrementally in angle.
  • beams can be formed in any arbitrary azimuth direction, thus giving more precise control over the beamforming process.
  • the resultant combination beam direction can be steered continuously.
  • the direction of arrival of an incoming radio signal can be found by comparing the amplitude of the signal on two or more beams, or by carrying out monopulse processing of the signal received on two beams.
  • 'Monopulse processing' refers to the process of forming sum and difference patterns from two beams so as to determine the direction of arrival of a signal from a distant radio source.
  • a typical two-way communication system such as a mobile telephone system
  • signals are received (by a handset) from a point radio source (such as a base station) and transmitted back to that source.
  • Embodiments of the present invention may be used to find the direction of the source using step iii) above and may then form an optimal beam in that direction using step ii).
  • An antenna capable of performing this type of operation is known as a 'smart' or 'intelligent' antenna.
  • the advantages of the maximum antenna gain offered by smart antennas is that the signal to noise ratio is improved, communications quality is improved, less transmitter power may be used (which can, for example, help to reduce irradiation of any nearby human body) and battery life is conserved.
  • the addition of an internal or external monopole antenna can be used to null out the backlobe of the antenna, thereby reducing the irradiation of a person near the device, or to resolve front/back ambiguities in radio direction finding.
  • the antenna can be made to transmit or receive simultaneously in one predetermined direction (in azimuth, for example) on one frequency in other predetermined directions on other frequencies.
  • FIGURE 1 a is a top view of an existing multi-feed dielectric resonator antenna using probe feeds
  • FIGURE lb is a side view of the multi-feed dielectric resonator antenna of Figure la;
  • FIGURE 2a is a top view of an existing multi-feed dielectric resonator antenna using aperture feeds
  • FIGURE 2b is a side view of the multi-feed dielectric resonator antenna of Figure 2a;
  • FIGURE 3 a is a top view of an existing multi -probe dielectric resonator antenna with the addition of a central monopole;
  • FIGURE 3b is a side view of the multi-probe dielectric resonator of Figure 3a;
  • FIGURES 4 to 7 show measured azimuth radiation patterns for the antenna of Figures la and lb as various combinations of probes are driven;
  • FIGURE 8 shows a measured azimuth radiation pattern for the antenna of Figures 3a and 3b as it is simultaneously driven with a monopole antenna;
  • FIGURE 9a is a side view of a generalised multi-feed hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna of the present invention using probe feeds;
  • FIGURE 9b is a top view of the multi-feed hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna of Figure 9a;
  • FIGURE 10 shows measured azimuth radiation patterns for the antenna of Figures 9a and 9b for probes 7a, 7c, and 7a and 7c simultaneously;
  • FIGURE 1 la is a side view of a generalised multi-feed hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna of the present invention using probe feeds and a central monopole antenna;
  • FIGURE 1 lb is a top view of the multi-feed hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna of Figure 11 a;
  • FIGURE 12a is cross-sectional view on a segmented multi-feed dielectric resonator antenna made up of four lobes;
  • FIGURE 12b is a cross-sectional view on a dielectric resonator antenna formed from a single lobe of the Figure 12a embodiment
  • FIGURE 13 shows the measured azimuth pattern for a single lobe of the dielectric resonator antenna of Figure 12;
  • FIGURES 14 to 17 show various spherical and hemispherical dielectric resonator antennas according to the present invention; and FIGURE 18 shows various shapes of dielectric resonator that may be used in the present invention.
  • Figures 1 to 8 relate mainly to a dielectric resonator antenna having a cylindrical shape as described, for example, in co-pending US patent application serial no 09/431,548 from which the present application claims priority.
  • FIG. la and lb there is shown a substantially circular slab of dielectric material 1 which is disposed on a grounded substrate 2 having a plurality of holes to allow access by cables and connectors to a plurality of internal probes 3a to 3h.
  • the probes 3a to 3h are disposed along radii at different internal angles.
  • Figures 2a and 2b show a substantially circular slab of dielectric material 1 which is disposed on a grounded substrate 2 having a plurality of aperture feeds 3a to 3h disposed along radii at different internal angles.
  • the aperture feeds are fed by microstrip transmission lines 4.
  • Figures 3a and 3b show side plan and side views respectively, as for Figures la and lb, but with the addition of a central monopole antenna 4(i) above the dielectric slab 1 used to cancel out the backlobe or resolve the front back ambiguity that occurs with dynamic resonator antennas having cosine or 'figure of eight radiation' patterns.
  • the monopole 4(i) is shown as an external device above the dielectric slab 1, but a central probe 4(ii) within the dielectric slab 1 will also act as a suitable monopole reference antenna, as will a central probe 4(iii) below the slab 1.
  • the circular lines represent power steps of 5 dB (decibels) and the arrow shows the direction of the principal beam direction or 'boresight'.
  • the radial lines represent the angle of the beam; this being the azimuth direction when the antenna is placed on a horizontal plane.
  • Results are given here for a cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna fitted with 8 internal probes 3a to 3h disposed in a circle.
  • probe 3a is driven (in either transmit or receive mode) and the remaining probes 3b to 3h are open-circuited or otherwise terminated, but not connected to the feed, then the measured azimuth radiation pattern shown in Figure 4 is obtained.
  • the measured azimuth radiation pattern is as shown in Figure 5. It can be seen that the beam has been steered incrementally by roughly the same angle as the probes are disposed internally (45 degrees in this case).
  • the resulting measured azimuth radiation pattern is as shown in Figure 6. It can be seen that the beam has been steered roughly to an angle between the angles by which the probes are disposed internally (22.5 degrees in this case).
  • This method can be used to continuously steer the beam by continuously varying the feed power being shared between probes. For example, where the power splitter is operated in such a way so as incrementally to transfer power from probe 3a to 3b, the direction of the transmitted or received beam will be steered correspondingly in proportion to the transfer of power.
  • any nulls also changes in a corresponding fashion.
  • the patterns of Figures 4 to 7 have a significant backlobe, being substantially cosine (figure-of-eight) shaped in form.
  • the addition of a central internal or external monopole 4, as shown in Figures 3a and 3b, can be used to resolve the ambiguity or, by driving the monopole 4 and one or more of the dielectric resonator steering probes 3 simultaneously, the backlobe can be significantly reduced.
  • This is shown experimentally by the measurements in Figure 8, where probes 3e and 3f and the monopole 4 are driven. It is possible to choose whether to cancel out or reduce either the backlobe or a corresponding front lobe by driving the monopole either in phase or in antiphase with the probes 3.
  • FIG. 9a and 9b there is shown a slab of dielectric material 5, substantially hemispherical in cross-section, which is disposed on a grounded substrate 6 having a plurality of holes to allow access by cables and connectors to a plurality of internal probes 7a to 7f.
  • the probes 7a to 7f are disposed along radii at different internal angles.
  • the circular lines represent power steps of 5 dB (decibels) and the arrows show the direction of the principal beam directions or "boresights". It can be seen that the pattern for probes A and C separately are disposed roughly 120 degrees in angle from each other and that the pattern for probes A and C excited simultaneously represents a new beam, formed electronically, with a boresight roughly halfway between the two separate probe patterns.
  • the resulting measured azimuth radiation pattern is as radiation labelled 'Probe A&C in Figure 10. It can be seen that the beam has been steered by roughly the angle bisecting the probes (60 degrees in this case). This method can be used to steer the beam continuously by continuously varying the feed power being shared between probes.
  • the patterns of Figure 10 have a significant backlobe, being substantially cosine (figure-of-eight) shaped in form.
  • direction finding there is a front-to-back ambiguity.
  • the addition of a central internal or external monopole 8, as shown in Figures 11a 5 and 1 lb, can be used to resolve this ambiguity or, by driving the monopole 8 and one or more of the dielectric resonator steering probes 7 simultaneously, the backlobe can be significantly reduced.
  • Figure 12a shows a cross-section through an embodiment of the present invention
  • the resonator 10 comprising a dielectric resonator 10 having a four-lobe cross-section, the cross- section being pronounced of a four-leaf clover.
  • the resonator 10 is disposed on a grounded substrate 12, and includes probes 13a, 13b, 13c and 13d, one in each lobe 1 1.
  • the radiation patterns of this device are essentially cosine patterns of the type already shown in Figures 4 and 5.
  • This structure may be divided into segments and a single segment version is shown in Figure 12b, which depicts a grounded substrate 12 and one lobe 11 of the dielectric resonator 10 of Figure 12a, the lobe 1 1 being driven by a probe 13 a.
  • the lobe 11 is shown as bounded by generally vertical conducting walls 14, which are 0 disposed at substantially 90° to each other.
  • the advantage of such a single-probe quarter 'cloverleaf antenna is that when the probe 13a is driven, the measured azimuth radiation of Figure 13 is obtained.
  • the radiation frequency is 1378MHz at a bandwidth of 169MHz, and it can be seen that there is a significant reduction in backlobe in the direction from the probe 13a towards the centre of the dielectric 5 resonator 10.
  • Figure 14 shows a solid spherical dielectric resonator 15 incorporating a dipole feed 16, thus obviating the need for a grounded substrate.
  • This resonator 15 gives full beamforming coverage in all directions about the sphere. ⁇
  • Figure 15 shows a solid hemispherical dielectric resonator 16 disposed on a grounded substrate 17 and incorporating a monopole feed probe 18.
  • Figure 16 shows two solid hemispherical dielectric resonators 16 each provided with a monopole probe 18 and mounted back-to-back on either side of a shared grounded substrate 17. As with the embodiment of Figure 14, full beamforming coverage is provided in all directions.
  • Figure 17 shows two solid hemispherical dielectric resonators 16 each provided with a monopole probe 18 and each provided with a separate grounded substrate 17. The respective resonators 16 are then placed back-to-back such that the grounded substrates face each other but do not touch, the overall shape of the composite resonator being substantially spherical.
  • Figure 18 shows representations of the various shapes of dielectric resonator which are used in the present invention, including: right conical 20; non-right conical 21; truncated 22; non-truncated 23; stepped 24; non-stepped 25; non-circular cross- section 26; conical 27; pyramidal 28, 29; domed 30; spherical 31; part-spherical 32; amorphous 33; toroidal 34, 35; solid 36; cavity 37; hollow shell 38; oval cross- section 39; regular polygonal cross-section 40; irregular polygonal cross-section 41; lobed cross-section 42; and non-constant cross-section 43.

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Abstract

Cette invention se rapporte à une antenne rayonnante capable de produire ou de recevoir des rayonnements en utilisant plusieurs alimentations et un résonateur diélectrique ayant diverses sections transversales. L'utilisation de multiples alimentations avec une antenne à un seul résonateur diélectrique a pour but de produire plusieurs faisceaux ayant chacun un axe de pointage dans une direction différente. Plusieurs de ces faisceaux peuvent être excités simultanément pour former un nouveau faisceau dans n'importe quelle direction arbitraire. Ce nouveau faisceau peut être orientable en mode incrémentiel ou continu et il peut être orienté sur un arc de cercle complet de 360°. Cette invention peut être combinée à une antenne monopole interne ou externe, en vue d'éliminer le lobe arrière de l'antenne ou, sinon, de résoudre l'ambiguïté avant/arrière qui apparaît dans ce type d'antenne à résonance diélectrique.
PCT/GB2000/004155 1999-10-29 2000-10-30 Antenne a resonateur dielectrique avec alimentations multiples et faisceaux orientables, ayant diverses sections transversales WO2001031746A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2001533595A JP2003513495A (ja) 1999-10-29 2000-10-30 種々の断面を有するビーム方向の操作可能な多フィード誘電体共振器アンテナ
EP00971607A EP1232538B1 (fr) 1999-10-29 2000-10-30 Antenne a resonateur dielectrique avec alimentations multiples et faisceaux orientables, ayant diverses sections transversales
AU10437/01A AU1043701A (en) 1999-10-29 2000-10-30 Steerable-beam multiple-feed dielectric resonator antenna of various cross-sections
CA002389161A CA2389161A1 (fr) 1999-10-29 2000-10-30 Antenne a resonateur dielectrique avec alimentations multiples et faisceaux orientables, ayant diverses sections transversales
DE60040862T DE60040862D1 (de) 1999-10-29 2000-10-30 Dielektrische resonatorantenne mit verschiedenen querschnittsformen, steuerbarer strahlungskeule und mehrfacher speisung

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/431,548 1999-10-29
US09/431,548 US6452565B1 (en) 1999-10-29 1999-10-29 Steerable-beam multiple-feed dielectric resonator antenna
GB0017223A GB2355855B (en) 1999-10-29 2000-07-14 Steerable-beam multiple-feed dielectric resonator antenna of various cross-sections
GB0017223.9 2000-07-14

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CN1387689A (zh) 2002-12-25
JP2003513495A (ja) 2003-04-08
EP1232538A1 (fr) 2002-08-21
CA2389161A1 (fr) 2001-05-03
EP1232538B1 (fr) 2008-11-19
AU1043701A (en) 2001-05-08

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