WO2001026175A1 - Dispositif a batterie metal-air - Google Patents

Dispositif a batterie metal-air Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001026175A1
WO2001026175A1 PCT/US2000/027572 US0027572W WO0126175A1 WO 2001026175 A1 WO2001026175 A1 WO 2001026175A1 US 0027572 W US0027572 W US 0027572W WO 0126175 A1 WO0126175 A1 WO 0126175A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
filler material
hearing aid
aid device
metal
battery
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2000/027572
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
William Chiang
Walter P. Sjursen
Original Assignee
Sarnoff Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sarnoff Corporation filed Critical Sarnoff Corporation
Publication of WO2001026175A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001026175A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
    • H04R25/65—Housing parts, e.g. shells, tips or moulds, or their manufacture
    • H04R25/652—Ear tips; Ear moulds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
    • H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0014—Alkaline electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0088—Composites
    • H01M2300/0091—Composites in the form of mixtures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/109—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure of button or coin shape
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention is generally directed towards a novel metal -air battery device.
  • An illustrative embodiment of the present invention is a metal -air battery encased in a plastic housing.
  • Plastic or a similar material is a preferable type of housing because it is easily molded into any shape.
  • Another illustrative embodiment of the present invention is a standard metal -cased battery.
  • the plastic housing is molded so that an electronic circuit is also encased along with the battery in the same housing.
  • the casing of the device can be used to house the battery and corresponding electronics.
  • This aspect of the present invention is particularly important m space-restricted applications.
  • the plastic housing can be formed into a hearing aid device so that its outer surface shape and dimensions allow the hearing aid device to fit comfortably m an ear canal, while at the same time, the inner dimensions of the plastic housing form the walls of a metal-air battery and housing for related electronics and corresponding transducer devices for detecting and amplifying sound.
  • the close proximity of the metal -air battery and electronics within a common shell advantageously reduces assembly time and overall material costs because it is easier to connect the battery to the hearing aid electronics .
  • the metal-air battery includes a filler material supporting an exchange of ions between the anode and cathode.
  • the filler material or electrolyte mass can be an electrolyte solution.
  • an electrolyte solution includes a salt such as sodium chloride (NaCl) , or ammonium chloride (NH 4 C1) in lieu of a more caustic material such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) .
  • Suitable salts include calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) and potassium chloride (KCl) , carbonates such as sodium carbonate (Na 2 C0 3 ) , calcium carbonate (CaC0 3 ) , and potassium carbonate (K 2 C0 4 ) , and sulfates such as calcium sulfate (CaS0 4 ) , potassium sulfate (K 2 S0 4 ) , and sodium sulfate (Na 2 S0 4 ) , and their equivalents.
  • the filler material can be less caustic so that any such leaks, although highly unlikely, are less likely to injure a user in the event that the plastic housing cracks and the filler material comes in contact with human tissue.
  • a presence of hydroxide (OH-) ions in the filler material is important in applications that require a higher current drive to power a device.
  • a resinous material including a source of hydroxide ions is provided in the filler material.
  • the resinous material is embodied in a compressed bead so that there is no excess pressure imparted on the filler material and side walls of the plastic housing as the hydroxide ions are released into the filler material .
  • Another potential source of pressure within plastic or metal battery housing is the production of by-product gases resulting from chemical reactions within the metal -air battery.
  • a chemical such as acetylene is included within the filler material .
  • the chemical reaction to reduce the production of by-product gases minimally interferes with the overall electrochemical processes that generate the appropriate voltage across the metal-air battery.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a non-liquid filler material.
  • aspects of the present invention render it possible to encase a battery in a plastic housing along with a corresponding load circuit.
  • Such aspects of the present invention are particularly advantageous in hearing aid devices and similar applications.
  • a metal-cased disposable battery is used to provide power to a corresponding device.
  • the metal casing in such applications displaces what could otherwise be part of the power cell of the battery.
  • a plastic housing encasing the battery can be very thin.
  • the device itself that the battery powers can be smaller.
  • space for the battery within the device housing such as electrolyte solution can be larger so the battery can power the corresponding device for a longer period of time.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram of a metal-air battery illustrating electro-chemical processes for producing a voltage according to the principles of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a silhouette of an illustrative hearing aid according to the principles of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional -view of a hearing aid device including a disposable battery with features according to the principles of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram of a metal -cased battery used in hearing aids and other devices according to the principles of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a hearing aid device including a battery integrated within its housing according to the principles of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a hearing aid device including a battery integrated within its housing according to the principles of the present invention.
  • a metal -air battery can be housed in an affordable plastic housing of a corresponding device that it powers .
  • the features of the present invention can also be advantageously incorporated into a metal -air battery encased in a standard metal housing.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram of an illustrative embodiment of the present invention.
  • metal -air battery 10 produces current, i, to power load 50.
  • load 50 is circuitry used in a hearing aid device.
  • a hearing aid device can include a transducer to pick up audible signals, a silicon chip for processing the audio signals, and an amplifier and speaker to generate sound for a hearing impaired patient.
  • Metal-air battery 10 includes filler material 20 between an opposed anode 12 and cathode 14. When cathode 14 is exposed to oxygen gas, 0 2 , chemical reactions in filler material 20 produce a flow of current, i, between positive electrode 40 and negative electrode 41 through load 50.
  • Separator 16 is a permeable layer such as Teflon, enabling the 0 2 gas to react with water disposed in filler material 20 and liquid on the air exposed surface of separator 16.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating typical chemical reactions in a metal air battery 10, it should be noted that the principles of the present invention are not limited to this specific application as the zinc-air battery 10 is merely exemplary.
  • the zinc-air battery 10 produces a voltage of 1.65V to power load 50.
  • the cell becomes a zinc-hydroxide cell where the cathode material is hydroxide in the filler material 20.
  • the chemical reactions in the cell are as follows:
  • zinc (Zn) metal is oxidized, thus producing 2 electrons.
  • H 2 0 is split to produce hydroxide ions in the presence of oxygen gas and 2 electrons .
  • the zinc reacts with the hydroxide ions in the filler material 20 to produce ZnO and H 2 0. This reactive process of converting Zn metal to ZnO results in increased pressure within the battery cell housing because the resultant ZnO consumes more space than Zn metal alone .
  • One method to reduce pressure is to provide an empty volume such as 10-15% of the space in the battery cell.
  • This can have several drawbacks. For instance, space that could otherwise be used to store material used to produce power in the energy cell is now wasted.
  • the shape of the anode 12 and cathode 14 also must be designed so that such an air space, depending on an orientation of the battery 10, does not completely shut down the battery 10.
  • the filler material 20 must provide a continuous ionic path between the anode 12 and cathode 14.
  • another source of pressure on the battery housing results from the formation of gases in the metal -air battery 10.
  • One such reaction is the production of hydrogen gas that results from the following reaction.
  • the alkene or alkyne chemicals and a catalyst such as Platinum (Pt) or Lead(Pd) metal catalysts or equivalent metal catalysts are included in the filler material 20 between the anode 12 and cathode 14 of the metal air battery 10.
  • a catalyst such as Platinum (Pt) or Lead(Pd) metal catalysts or equivalent metal catalysts.
  • the reaction as shown above typically occurs at room temperature conditions and under slight pressure.
  • the chemical is almost ideal for use in a metal -air battery 10 of the present invention to prevent or reduce the amount of hydrogen gas produced by the battery cell 10.
  • the electrolyte solution material between the anode and cathode of a standard zinc-oxygen battery typically includes highly caustic material.
  • this electrolyte solution serves as a conductive path for the transport of ionic species during the electro- chemical process of producing a voltage to power a load.
  • the ability of an electrolyte solution to serve as an adequate ion transport medium is a reflection of its ionic strength. For instance, when more ions are present in a solution, it is easier for the medium to stabilize and transport ions.
  • the electrolyte solution is a strong base solution.
  • Certain electrolyte solutions for zinc-air batteries are, for example, 30% (w/w) potassium hydroxide (KOH) or 21% (w/w) sodium hydroxide (NaOH) , molar concentrations of which approximate to around 6.6M.
  • more benign chemicals such as NaCl, ammonium chloride or other organic salts can be used in lieu of more caustic material NaOH or KOH typically used in metal-air battery applications as mentioned.
  • the filler material 20 between the anode 12 and cathode 14 of the metal-air battery 10 preferably includes a source of OH- ions .
  • an ion exchange resin 18 providing a source of OH- ions can be included in the filler material 20.
  • Such resins 18 are commonly used in ion exchange chromatography applications and can be precisely manufactured to have a desired chemical content .
  • a resin 18 in the filler material 20 has additional advantages. For example, a metal -air battery can be made "drier" since a solid resin 18 can be used to replace material that would otherwise be a liquid of potentially caustic filler material 20 such as an electrolyte solution.
  • An exemplary ion exchange resin 18 for use in the metal -air battery 10 of the present invention is a Dowex resin NR 3 + OH- that releases OH- ions into an aqueous solution.
  • Such resins 18 are available in the form of compressible beads.
  • the ionic exchange resin 18 in the form of a compressible bead is included in the filler material 20 such as an electrolyte solution, there are additional advantages.
  • the compressible bead itself is capable of absorbing at least part of the pressure that would otherwise be exerted on the wall of the battery housing.
  • Table 1 illustrates different formulations of filler material 20 between the anode 12 and cathode 14 for producing power from a metal-air battery 10. As shown, the battery life expectancy varies depending on the composition of filler material 20.
  • Table 2 illustrates the effectiveness of corresponding metal-air cells including resin 18 in the filler material 20 between the anode 12 and cathode 14.
  • one battery 10 includes the Amberjet 440 ion exchange resin 18 while the other includes the Dowex 550 ion exchange resin 18.
  • Both resins 18 are strongly basic anion exchangers producing hydroxide ions. However, they differ in terms of the polymer support, degree of cross-linking, and water content. Notably, the lifetime of the two batteries are comparable and the contents of the metal-air cell can be adjusted so that the battery can drive heavier loads at higher voltages for longer periods of time.
  • Another aspect of the present invention involves changing the viscosity of the filler material 20 so that it does not easily flow in the event that a casing of the battery cell 10 cracks. This is achieved by adding a gelling agent to the filler material 20 to reduce the amount of liquid that is capable of leaking.
  • a preferred gelling agent is Carbopol (TM) manufactured by the General Electric Corporation.
  • TM Carbopol
  • a preferred mixture of the electrolyte solution and gelling agent will result in a solution that does not unduly sacrifice the ionic transport properties of filler material 20. This will vary depending on the application.
  • Ion conducting polymers can also be included in the filler material 20 to enhance the transport of ions between the anode 12 and cathode 14.
  • Fig. 2 is a silhouette illustrating an exemplary shape of a hearing aid device 200 that fits in an ear canal of a hearing impaired patient .
  • Ambient sound is detected at sound input section 230 and is processed by electronics disposed in main body 220.
  • Input sound is processed and amplified into an ear canal through mushroom-shaped tip 210.
  • Potentially disposable hearing device 200 includes a metal -air battery including any or all of the features as previously described according to the principle of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary hearing aid device 200 in housing 320 such as plastic. Other similar material can be used to form housing 320.
  • a substantial portion of hearing aid device 200 is metal-cased battery 330 that powers microphone and related electronics disposed in sound input section 230. Battery 330 also provides power for transducer device 310 that generates amplified audible signals for the hearing impaired patient using hearing aid device 200.
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram of the battery 330 for powering hearing aid device 200.
  • Positive metallic electrode 350 is insulated from negative metallic electrode via insulator 365.
  • insulator 365 is a material such as nylon or the like.
  • Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an illustrative hearing aid device 200 that utilizes housing 320 to encase an integrated battery 10.
  • the electrochemical process in filler material 20 between anode 510 and cathode 525 produce a voltage for powering electronic circuitry such as a silicon chip 520 for processing detected input sound.
  • Ports 515 expose cathode 525 to gas, enabling chemical reactions within filler material 20 to produce a voltage across positive electrode 531 and negative electrode 530.
  • Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of hearing aid device 200 including an integrated battery cell 10. In many respects, this illustrative embodiment is similar to the embodiment as discussed in Fig. 5. However, anode 610 is optionally formed like a cup to encase filler material 20 within housing 320.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)

Abstract

Certains aspects de cette invention ont directement trait aux dispositifs comprenant des batteries métal-air. Selon un mode de réalisation, un produit chimique tel que l'acétylène est ajouté à la partie centrale de la batterie afin de réduire la quantité de gaz hydrogène inutile. Selon un autre mode de réalisation, un sel sert à définir un trajet ionique entre une anode et une cathode d'une batterie métal-air. La conséquence de ces améliorations est que la batterie métal-air peut être logée dans un boîtier en plastique ou dans un boîtier gaine métallique standard.
PCT/US2000/027572 1999-10-06 2000-10-05 Dispositif a batterie metal-air WO2001026175A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15796999P 1999-10-06 1999-10-06
US60/157,969 1999-10-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001026175A1 true WO2001026175A1 (fr) 2001-04-12

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016196477A1 (fr) 2015-06-02 2016-12-08 Ionic Materials, Inc. Cathode de batterie air-métal alcalin
EP3336961A1 (fr) * 2016-12-16 2018-06-20 Gemalto Sa Procede de fabrication d'un objet electronique comprenant un corps et une batterie a membrane poreuse
US10199657B2 (en) 2012-04-11 2019-02-05 Ionic Materials, Inc. Alkaline metal-air battery cathode
US10553901B2 (en) 2015-06-04 2020-02-04 Ionic Materials, Inc. Lithium metal battery with solid polymer electrolyte
US10741877B1 (en) 2012-04-11 2020-08-11 Ionic Materials, Inc. Solid electrolyte high energy battery
US10811688B2 (en) 2013-12-03 2020-10-20 Ionic Materials, Inc. Solid, ionically conducting polymer material, and methods and applications for same
US11114655B2 (en) 2015-04-01 2021-09-07 Ionic Materials, Inc. Alkaline battery cathode with solid polymer electrolyte
US11145857B2 (en) 2012-04-11 2021-10-12 Ionic Materials, Inc. High capacity polymer cathode and high energy density rechargeable cell comprising the cathode
US11152657B2 (en) 2012-04-11 2021-10-19 Ionic Materials, Inc. Alkaline metal-air battery cathode
US11251455B2 (en) 2012-04-11 2022-02-15 Ionic Materials, Inc. Solid ionically conducting polymer material
US11342559B2 (en) 2015-06-08 2022-05-24 Ionic Materials, Inc. Battery with polyvalent metal anode
US11605819B2 (en) 2015-06-08 2023-03-14 Ionic Materials, Inc. Battery having aluminum anode and solid polymer electrolyte
US11749833B2 (en) 2012-04-11 2023-09-05 Ionic Materials, Inc. Solid state bipolar battery
US11949105B2 (en) 2012-04-11 2024-04-02 Ionic Materials, Inc. Electrochemical cell having solid ionically conducting polymer material

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0731516A1 (fr) * 1995-03-07 1996-09-11 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Pile plate
RU2106723C1 (ru) * 1996-09-30 1998-03-10 Московский государственный авиационный институт (технический университет) Электролит для кислородно(воздушно)-металлического химического источника тока
JPH10172619A (ja) * 1996-12-17 1998-06-26 Sony Corp 空気亜鉛電池
WO2000007276A2 (fr) * 1998-07-30 2000-02-10 Sarnoff Corporation Source d'energie pour appareil de correction auditive
WO2000052964A2 (fr) * 1999-03-05 2000-09-08 Sarnoff Corporation Prothèse auditive jetable avec source d'alimentation intégrée

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0731516A1 (fr) * 1995-03-07 1996-09-11 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Pile plate
RU2106723C1 (ru) * 1996-09-30 1998-03-10 Московский государственный авиационный институт (технический университет) Электролит для кислородно(воздушно)-металлического химического источника тока
JPH10172619A (ja) * 1996-12-17 1998-06-26 Sony Corp 空気亜鉛電池
WO2000007276A2 (fr) * 1998-07-30 2000-02-10 Sarnoff Corporation Source d'energie pour appareil de correction auditive
WO2000052964A2 (fr) * 1999-03-05 2000-09-08 Sarnoff Corporation Prothèse auditive jetable avec source d'alimentation intégrée

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1998, no. 11 30 September 1998 (1998-09-30) *

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11145857B2 (en) 2012-04-11 2021-10-12 Ionic Materials, Inc. High capacity polymer cathode and high energy density rechargeable cell comprising the cathode
US11949105B2 (en) 2012-04-11 2024-04-02 Ionic Materials, Inc. Electrochemical cell having solid ionically conducting polymer material
US11749833B2 (en) 2012-04-11 2023-09-05 Ionic Materials, Inc. Solid state bipolar battery
US11611104B2 (en) 2012-04-11 2023-03-21 Ionic Materials, Inc. Solid electrolyte high energy battery
US10199657B2 (en) 2012-04-11 2019-02-05 Ionic Materials, Inc. Alkaline metal-air battery cathode
US11251455B2 (en) 2012-04-11 2022-02-15 Ionic Materials, Inc. Solid ionically conducting polymer material
US10741877B1 (en) 2012-04-11 2020-08-11 Ionic Materials, Inc. Solid electrolyte high energy battery
US11152657B2 (en) 2012-04-11 2021-10-19 Ionic Materials, Inc. Alkaline metal-air battery cathode
US10811688B2 (en) 2013-12-03 2020-10-20 Ionic Materials, Inc. Solid, ionically conducting polymer material, and methods and applications for same
US11114655B2 (en) 2015-04-01 2021-09-07 Ionic Materials, Inc. Alkaline battery cathode with solid polymer electrolyte
WO2016196477A1 (fr) 2015-06-02 2016-12-08 Ionic Materials, Inc. Cathode de batterie air-métal alcalin
EP3304626A4 (fr) * 2015-06-02 2018-11-07 Ionic Materials, Inc. Cathode de batterie air-métal alcalin
US10553901B2 (en) 2015-06-04 2020-02-04 Ionic Materials, Inc. Lithium metal battery with solid polymer electrolyte
US11342559B2 (en) 2015-06-08 2022-05-24 Ionic Materials, Inc. Battery with polyvalent metal anode
US11605819B2 (en) 2015-06-08 2023-03-14 Ionic Materials, Inc. Battery having aluminum anode and solid polymer electrolyte
US11456491B2 (en) 2016-12-16 2022-09-27 Thales Dis France Sas Method for manufacturing electronic object comprising a body and a porous-membrane-comprising battery
WO2018108521A1 (fr) 2016-12-16 2018-06-21 Gemalto Sa Procede de fabrication d'un objet electronique comprenant un corps et une batterie a membrane poreuse
EP3336961A1 (fr) * 2016-12-16 2018-06-20 Gemalto Sa Procede de fabrication d'un objet electronique comprenant un corps et une batterie a membrane poreuse

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