WO2001023954A1 - Procede de preparation de dispositifs electro-optiques contrecolles a espacement uniforme - Google Patents

Procede de preparation de dispositifs electro-optiques contrecolles a espacement uniforme Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001023954A1
WO2001023954A1 PCT/US2000/026932 US0026932W WO0123954A1 WO 2001023954 A1 WO2001023954 A1 WO 2001023954A1 US 0026932 W US0026932 W US 0026932W WO 0123954 A1 WO0123954 A1 WO 0123954A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
beads
adhesive composition
mating surfaces
ion
lens
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2000/026932
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English (en)
Inventor
John E. Smarto
Jeffery B. Boley
Original Assignee
Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. filed Critical Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc.
Priority to AU13297/01A priority Critical patent/AU1329701A/en
Publication of WO2001023954A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001023954A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/161—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells; Filling or closing of cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J5/00—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers

Definitions

  • This invention is directed to a novel method for preparing laminated electrooptic devices which comprise first and second substrates, appropriate circuitry, an electrooptic medium and an adhesive interlayer, wherein uniform spacing between the substrates is maintained during lamination via the use of spherical beads.
  • Particular embodiments of the instant invention relate to the preparation of uniformly-spaced, laminated electrooptic devices, such as electrooptic lenses, eyewear, visors, goggles, windows, mirrors, sunroofs, privacy screens and displays, and to the resulting beaded devices.
  • Laminated electrooptic devices generally comprise an electrooptic medium which is disposed between first and second bonded substrates.
  • the medium's optical properties, and those of the device containing the medium vary under the influence of an electrical current or charge.
  • electrooptic media include, inter alia , liquid crystal, suspended particle and electrochromic systems.
  • an effective amount of a curable, non-solid adhesive composition which may comprise a polymerizable monomer or monomers, an initiator, and, optionally, various non-reactive diluents or additives, is typically placed as an adhesive inter layer between the mating surfaces of first and second substrates containing various electrooptic and/or electroconductive coatings.
  • Preferred electrooptic devices are electrochromic devices .
  • a conventional electrochromic device comprises at least one thin film of a persistent electrochromic material, i.e. a material which, in response to the application of an electric field of given polarity, changes from a high- transmittance, non-absorbing state to a low-transmittance, absorbing or reflecting state. Since the degree of optical modulation is directly proportional to the current flow induced by the applied voltage, an electrochromic device demonstrates light transmission tunability between high- transmittance and low-transmittance states. In addition, these devices generally exhibit long-term retention of a chosen optical state, requiring no power consumption to maintain that optical state. Optical switching occurs when an electric field of reversed polarity is applied.
  • an electrochromic film which is both an ionic and electronic conductor is in ion-conductive contact, preferably direct physical contact, with an ion-conducting material layer.
  • the ion-conducting material may be an inorganic or organic solid, liquid or gel, and is preferably an organic polymer.
  • the electrochromic film(s) and ion-conducting material are disposed between two electrodes, forming a laminated cell.
  • an electrochromic film such as tungsten oxide
  • an electroconductive film such as tin oxide or indium tin oxide to form one electrode.
  • the counter electrode is typically a similar tin oxide or indium tin oxide coated substrate.
  • the ion-conducting material layer As a voltage is applied across the electrodes, ions are conducted through the ion-conducting material. To ensure reliable operation, the ion-conducting material layer generally must be sealed so as to maintain its water content within a range sufficient to provide required ion conductivity. Also, to reduce optical distortion, the ion- conducting material layer should be of substantially uniform thickness .
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,399,227 The formation of a composite eyeglass lens by bonding front and rear lenses together is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,399,227. This bonding process involves placing an adhesive on the concave surface of the front lens, pressing the convex surface of the rear lens against the adhesive on the front lens to spread the adhesive throughout the gap between the two lenses and permitting the adhesive to set to bond the lenses together.
  • U. S. Pat. No. 5,433,810 also discloses an eyeglass lens lamination method and apparatus which involves pressing lenses together to spread an adhesive between them. The adhesive is cured while the lenses are held together.
  • Apparatuses for aligning and laminating the upper and lower lenses of a composite eyeglass lens are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 5 [1993] -24872 and in Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 6 [1994] -49600.
  • the apparatuses disclosed in these applications include upper and lower lens retaining members. Each lens is held in its respective retaining member via vacuum and the retaining members are moveable . A bonding agent is applied to the center of the lower lens. The upper lens is then lowered until it touches the bonding agent on the lower lens after which aligning members move laterally to contact the peripheral edges of the upper and lower lenses to axially align them. A composite lens is removed af er the bonding agent sets .
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,471,338 discloses lamination of two coated plastic substrates using a layer of polymer which bonds with both coated surfaces to form a composite.
  • Homo and copolymers of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propyl sulfonic acid (AMPSA) form the ion-conducting polymer layer and are cured using actinic radiation, preferably (UV) light.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,327,281 discloses the use of a spacer to separate electrodes and contain a liquid electrolyte injected between the spaced electrodes.
  • the thickness of an adhesive interlayer in a laminated electrooptic device will vary if uniform spacing between the mating surfaces being bonded is not maintained during lamination.
  • adhesive interlayers that do not have uniform thicknesses generally cause optical distortion and/or wedge.
  • the novelty of the instant invention involves laminating first and second substrates of an electrooptic device using a non-solid adhesive composition, wherein spacing between the mating surfaces of the substrates is maintained by placing a plurality of non-conductive, spherical beads, preferably glass beads, between the mating surfaces during lamination. By helping to maintain uniform spacing between the substrates, beads reduce wedge and optical distortion.
  • the mating surfaces of first and second coated lenses are preferably bonded by forming an ion-conducting polymer (ICP) in situ between the lenses .
  • the outer expanse surfaces of the lenses are the optical surfaces of the composite lens; these optical surfaces may be flat, simple or compound curves (aspheric, bifocal, etc.).
  • the ICP interlayer is typically formed between the mating surfaces of the coated lenses by placing a curable liquid or gel monomer composition on one of the lenses, bringing the lenses together, and then curing.
  • uniform spacing between the lenses forming a laminated electrochromic lens is maintained by a plurality of non-conductive, spherical beads situated near the periphery of and between the lenses during lamination.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a laminated lens showing an ion-conducting polymer layer of uniform thickness due to the presence of a plurality of non- conductive beads .
  • Figure 2 is a top view of a first lens showing bead orientation.
  • the instant invention is directed to a method for laminating first and second parts having first and second mating surfaces respectively, wherein a curable, non-solid adhesive composition is used to laminate said parts into a composite having an adhesive interlayer between said mating surfaces, which method comprises: a) placing a plurality of non-conductive, spherical beads having substantially the same diameter between said mating surfaces, preferably by placing or affixing them on at least one of said mating surfaces prior to lamination; b) placing an effective amount of said curable, non-solid adhesive composition between said mating surfaces; c) bringing said mating surfaces toward each other until said mating surfaces are in contact with said beads, thereby spreading said curable, non-solid adhesive composition between said parts; and d) curing said curable, non-solid adhesive composition.
  • said first and second parts are optical, e.g., ophthalmic, lenses. More preferably, said first and second parts are complimentary electrochromic half cells used to prepare an electrochromic eyewear lens bonded by an ion-conducting polymer interlayer.
  • the instant invention is directed to a method for preparing a laminated electrooptic device, for example an electrooptic lens, window, mirror, sunroof, privacy screen, display, etc., comprising first and second substrates having first and second mating surfaces, respectively, one or both of which contain (s) conventional electroconductive, electrooptic and/or electrochromic layers, films or coatings, and an adhesive interlayer of substantially uniform thickness which preferably comprises an ion-conducting material, for example an ion-conducting polymer, which method comprises: a) placing a plurality of non-conductive, spherical beads having substantially the same diameter on the mating surface of said first substrate or on the mating surface of said second substrate or on both mating surfaces; b) placing an effective amount of a curable adhesive composition between said mating surfaces, preferably by applying or adding the curable adhesive composition to one of said mating surfaces; c) bringing said first and second mating surfaces together until they are uniformly spaced relative to each other by said beads; and
  • the term *bead' refers to a substantially rigid, non-conductive, spherical spacing means which is compatible with the particular substrates being laminated, the coatings, layers and/or films thereon and the curable adhesive composition used to bond the substrates.
  • the beads used in the lamination of a particular device are preferrably of substantially uniform diameter and can be prepared from virtually any non-conductive material having sufficient rigidity to maintain uniform spacing during lamination. Examples of suitable materials include, but are not limited to various glass, ceramic and plastic materials. Glass beads of substantially uniform diameter are preferred. Bead diameter is preferrably substantially equivalent to the desired thickness of the adhesive interlayer. A plurality of beads is required, with the preferred number being that number necessary to provide uniform spacing during lamination without substantial 'rocking' of one substrate relative to the other. Generally, at least about three (3) beads are used, with the upper limit depending on the size of composite being prepared.
  • Beads may be located on either mating surface as needed to provide uniform spacing. Placement in an unobtrusive and/or non-operational area of the substrate (s) , for example near the peripheral edge of either mating surface, is preferred. Thus, for substantially circular or lens-shaped substrates, beads are preferably placed near the periphery at the 12:00, 2:00, 4:00, 6:00, 8:00 and 10:00 positions of the substrate's mating surface. If beads are placed away from the periphery, ie, in an operational area, they tend to interfere with electrooptic function. Also, if the refractive index of the beads is different from that of the bonding layer, they will be visible to a user if not in an unobtrusive area. Placement in a non-operational or non-vision or unobtrusive area allows use on non- index matched beads relative to the refractive index of the adhesive interlayer
  • Beads are preferably secured to a substrate mating surface via use of an effective amount of a suitable bead adhesive. If a bead adhesive is used, the bead thickness is preferably adjusted to account for the thickness of the bead adhesive layer.
  • a preferred method for affixing a bead to a mating surface involves placing the bead on a drop of the curable, non- solid adhesive composition used to bond the substrates being laminated.
  • a curable, non-solid adhesive composition can be used for two (2) purposes: 1) to form an adhesive interlayer; and 2) as a bead adhesive.
  • adhesive composition refers to curable or polymerizable precursor adhesives, resins, and/or monomer systems that can, upon exposure to a suitable energy source, react or polymerize to become an adhesive interlayer that bonds first and second substrates to form a composite.
  • the adhesive composition can also serve as an ion- conducting material in certain electrooptic devices.
  • adhesive compositions are in liquid form and are 'puddled' onto the mating surface of the lower of two vertically displaced substrates. Alternatively, these compositions may be classified as gels but in any event are non-solid.
  • An effective amount of adhesive composition should be used, i.e., that amount necessary to provide the desired uniform adhesive interlayer thickness between the substrates or parts being laminated while effectively bonding the substrates.
  • an effective amount is a quantity that does not seep beyond the mating surfaces of the substrates being laminated, and which provides the desired thickness .
  • An adhesive composition generally contains an effective amount of a free radical initiator sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) light, visible light, heat or other energy sources suitable to initiate curing of an adhesive composition.
  • UV ultraviolet
  • the adhesive composition preferably comprises a resin or monomer which, when cured, forms a transparent ion-conducting polymer that also serves as an adhesive which bonds the substrates of the electrochromic lens together.
  • spherical beads While the use of spherical beads is applicable to virtually any lamination method which utilizes a non-solid adhesive composition, a preferred embodiment of the instant invention utilizes non-conductive, spherical beads in conjunction with a suspension lamination method, wherein the adhesive composition is cured as it, through surface tension and/or capillary forces, suspends a lower part from an upper part.
  • This method is especially useful in the preparation of laminated lenses where improved optics are desired and where it is desirable to lessen edge contamination and/or misalignment problems.
  • Suspension lamination is especially suitable when one of the lenses forming a composite is a thin, flexible lens which is easily held from a semi-finished lens by capillary and/or surface tension forces.
  • Suspension lamination methods including techniques for bringing substrates to be laminated together and for curing adhesive compositions, are described in detail in copending U.S. Application Serial No. 08/970031, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • a plurality of non-conductive, spherical beads are placed along the periphery of one or both of the mating surfaces of the upper and lower lenses, preferably around the periphery of either the top or bottom mating surface. While the lenses are held on their respective lens holders, a curable, non-solid adhesive composition is placed on the mating surface of the lower lens, and an upper lens and the lower lens are brought together by a suitable closure means, thereby spreading the curable, non-solid adhesive composition between the mating surfaces of the lenses .
  • the lens holders are then positioned so that the upper lens, while held on an upper lens holder, suspends the lower lens due to the surface tension and/or capillary action of the curable, non- solid adhesive composition, which is then cured using a suitable energy source.
  • the mating surfaces of the lenses are preferably of substantially equal curvature, and substantially uniform spacing is maintained between these surfaces by the beads.
  • a suitable curing mechanism involves exposing the adhesive composition, which generally contains one or more monomers and a polymerization initiator, to an appropriate energy source such as an ultraviolet (UV) or visible light source for an effective time, usually for at least about 0.1 minute, thereby curing the adhesive composition and bonding said lenses.
  • An effective cure time is a time which allows a curable, non-solid adhesive composition to become rigid enough that spacing between the substrates being laminated is maintained by the adhesive composition or a time sufficient to provide the desired level of substrate bonding.
  • the instant invention is directed to a method for laminating a first member and a second member having opposed mating surfaces, which method comprises: retaining or positioning said first member in or on a first holding device in a lower position than said second member; retaining or positioning said second member coaxially above said first member in or on a second holding device; positioning a plurality of non-conductive, spherical beads, preferably glass beads, on the periphery of at least one of said mating surfaces; placing an effective amount of a curable, non-solid adhesive composition between said opposed mating surfaces, preferably on the mating surface of the first (lower) member; bringing the first and second members together, thereby spreading said curable, non-solid adhesive composition between said opposed mating surfaces; optionally suspending said first member from the second member via surface tension and/or capillary forces of said adhesive composition; and curing the curable, non-solid adhesive composition to form a laminated composite.
  • the members are optionally laterally aligned along the center lines of said first and second members prior to curing.
  • any alignment means can be used, or alignment can be accomplished by vibrating the first member and the second member for an effective time using a suitable vibration means .
  • tooling is precise enough that use of alignment means is unnecessary.
  • optical distortion is reduced.
  • the instant invention is also directed to laminated electrochromic devices prepared using and/or containing a plurality of lamination beads.
  • Such devices include single stack electrooptic devices, wherein electrodes, electrochromic and/or electrooptic material (s) and at least one bonding material are applied as a stack on a first substrate which is then laminated to a second substrate, and devices wherein the electrodes are coated on separate substrates.
  • an edged semi-finished lens e.g., a lens greater than 4 millimeters (mm) , preferably greater than 6 mm and most preferably greater than 8 mm, thick is laminated to a matching piano lens, e.g., a lens 0.5-2 mm, preferably 0.8 to about 1.2 mm, thick by placing a plurality of non-conductive, spherical glass beads having substantially equivalent diameters between the lenses near their periphery, laminating the lenses using a non-solid, curable adhesive composition, preferably while suspending the piano lens from the semi-finished lens via the surface tension of a curable, non-solid adhesive composition, and then curing the adhesive composition.
  • a matching piano lens e.g., a lens 0.5-2 mm, preferably 0.8 to about 1.2 mm
  • a thin prescription lens with a minimum thickness ⁇ 2.0 mm is laminated to the mating surface of a matching lens using beads.
  • Various ion-conducting materials can be used to prepare laminated electrooptic devices, including for example, materials comprising hydrogen uranyl phosphate or polyethylene oxide/ LiC10 4 .
  • ion-conducting polymer electrolytes or inorganic films such as LiNb0 3 , LiBo 3 , LiTa0 3 , LiF, Ta 2 0 5 , Na 2 AlF 6 , Sb 2 0 5 nH 2 0 + Sb 2 0 3 , Na 2 0 11A1 2 0 3 , MgF 2 , Zr0 2 , Nb 2 0 5 and A1 2 0 3 can be used as the ion-conducting material. If an ion- conducting material is not an adhesive, a separate curable, non-solid adhesive must be used.
  • Preferred ion-conducting materials are ion- conducting polymers which serve the dual functions of being ion-conducting electrolytes and mechanical adhesives .
  • One class of such ion-conducting materials includes ion-containing polymers known as ionomers . These macromolecules contain ionizable groups covalently linked to a polymer chain, typically a hydrocarbon. Polystyrene sulfonic acid and poly (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-l-propanesulfonic acid) are examples of ionomers, both incorporating the protonic acid S0 3 H group on the polymer chain. Ionomers are generally formed by polymerizing monomers bearing an ionizable group and also a CIC vinylic group.
  • the ion-conducting polymer electrolyte of an electrochromic device is a proton-conducting polymer selected from the group consisting of homopolymers of 2- acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPSA) and copolymers of AMPSA with various monomers. Such polymers are generally prepared from liquid reaction mixtures of monomers which are cast and cured in place between the substrates .
  • a preferred proton-conducting polymer electrolyte in accordance with the present invention is a copolymer of AMPSA and N,N- dimethylacrylamide (DMA) , preferably cast and cured in place.
  • More preferred copolymers of AMPSA and DMA are prepared from AMPSA and DMA monomers in a molar ratio range of about 1:3 to 1:2.
  • the thickness of the polymer electrolyte is not believed to be critical but in general is in the range of 0.001 to 0.025 inch (0.0254 to 0.625 millimeter).
  • the first and second substrates of the instant laminated devices are generally glass or organic polymeric substrates conventionally used to prepare electrochromic articles or devices.
  • polymeric organic substrates are used.
  • Substrates to which the shimmed lamination method of the present invention applies are preferably prepared from transparent materials suitable for producing optical lenses, preferably ophthalmic lenses, such as lenses prepared from synthetic organic optical resins.
  • the substrate can be a non-transparent solid material.
  • a suitable transparent lens may have a conventional refractive index (1.48-1.5), a relatively high refractive index (1.60-1.75), or a mid-range refractive index (1.51- 1.59), depending on the end use.
  • the transparent lens may have a refractive index within the range of between 1.48 and 1.75, e.g., from about 1.50 to about 1.8.
  • Synthetic polymer substrates that may be used as a lens material include, but are not limited to: thermoplastic polycarbonates, such as the carbonate-linked resin derived from bisphenol A and phosgene, which is sold under the trademark LEXAN; polyesters, such as the material sold under the trademark, MYLAR; poly (methylmethacrylates) , such as the material sold under the trademark, PLEXIGLAS; and polymerizates of a polyol(allyl carbonate) monomer, especially diethylene glycol bis (allyl carbonate), which is sold under the trademark CR-39®. Copolymers of the aforedescribed monomers/resins may also be used as a lens material.
  • thermoplastic polycarbonates such as the carbonate-linked resin derived from bisphenol A and phosgene, which is sold under the trademark LEXAN
  • polyesters such as the material sold under the trademark, MYLAR
  • poly (methylmethacrylates) such as the material sold under the trademark, PLEXIGLAS
  • a cathodically-coloring electrochromic material usually tungsten oxide or compounds thereof, is deposited at a thickness of about 800 to 5,000 Angstroms on a transparent substrate that has been previously coated with an electroconductive metal oxide film, such as tin oxide or indium tin oxide (ITO) , which electroconductive film serves as one electrode.
  • an electroconductive metal oxide film such as tin oxide or indium tin oxide (ITO)
  • the electroconductive film comprises indium and tin at a weight ratio of about 90:10.
  • the film thickness is preferably in the range of about 800- 4,000 Angstroms for acceptable conductivity.
  • the electroconductive and electrochromic films may be deposited by a variety of methods, so long as the substrate is not deleteriously affected.
  • the adhesion of an electroconductive metal oxide film directly to a plastic substrate may be improved by application of a primer to said substrate prior to coating.
  • the counter electrode is preferably prepared by depositing a similar metal oxide coating on a second transparent substrate, with or without a complimentary electrochromic film.
  • a suitable complimentary electrochromic film is a nitrogen-containing iridium oxide film as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,618,390 to Yu, Backfisch, et al .
  • the ion-conducting material precursor is disposed between the substrates so coated; in the case of ion- conductive polymers, a composition comprising one or more polymerizable monomers and a suitable initiator is generally cured or polymerized in situ by energy which passes through a transparent substrate coated with an electroconductive film and/or an electrochromic film.
  • the laminated electrochromic device preferably an electrochromic eyewear lens
  • the laminated electrochromic device comprises an ion-conducting material, preferably an ion-conductive polymer, of substantially uniform thickness sandwiched between two coated substrates containing appropriate electroconductive and electrochromic films. These devices are then generally edge sealed. Absent an edge seal, the ion-conducting material is exposed to the environment along the circumferential edge region of the laminate.
  • Figure 1 which is not drawn to scale, shows a cross-section of a beaded, laminated lens 8 containing ion-conductive polymer (ICP) layer 7.
  • coated substrate 1 is the front lens of laminated electrochromic lens 8.
  • This front lens 1 has a front expanse surface 3 and a coated rear mating surface 4.
  • the coatings on rear mating surface 4 are not shown; these are conventional coatings used in the preparation of electrochromic lenses and are not critical to the instant invention.
  • substrate 2 which is the rear lens.
  • Rear lens 2 has a coated front mating surface 5 and a rear expanse surface 6.
  • Ion-conducting polymer layer 7 is disposed between substrates 1 and 2; this layer serves as both an ion- conducting electrolyte and a mechanical adhesive which bonds substrates 1 and 2. Beads 9 keep the thickness of ion- conducting polymer layer 7 uniform.
  • spherical glass beads 9 are oriented along the periphery of mating surface 4.
  • enough beads 9 are utilized to prevent 'rocking' of the lenses relative to each other with about 4 to about 10 beads being preferred.
  • Beads 9 can be situated anywhere on surfaces 4 and/or 5, but are preferably positioned along the outer periphery of surface 4.
  • beads 9 are affixed prior to lamination using a drop of ICP solution. This prevents beads 9 from moving during lamination.
  • Spherical beads having substantially uniform diameters are preferred.
  • substantially uniform beads ranging from about .025 to about .625 mm in diameter are suitable, with glass beads being preferred for ophthalmic electrochromic lens applications. Beads about 0.1 to about
  • Suitable beads are type GL-0275-5 Class VI glass beads, which are commercially available from MO-SCI Corporation, Rolla, MO.
  • Example 1 Preparation of a Laminated Electrochromic Lens Containing Glass Beads and an Ion-Conducting Polymer
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • iridium oxide and a second lens containing thin films of ITO and tungsten oxide were prepared in accordance with Example I of U.S. Pat. No. 5,618,390.
  • type GL-0275-5 glass beads, .25 mm in diameter were placed onto droplets of a non-solid adhesive composition comprising 27.5 weight percent 2-acrylamide -2- methylpropane sulfuric acid (AMPSA), 46.5 weight percent NN dimethyl acrylamide (DMA), 6.1 percent 1-methyl-2-pyrolidine (NMP) , 19.3 weight percent distilled water and 0.6 weight percent N j N, diethoxy acetophenon (DEOAP) .
  • AMPSA 2-acrylamide -2- methylpropane sulfuric acid
  • DMA dimethyl acrylamide
  • NMP 6.1 percent 1-methyl-2-pyrolidine
  • DEOAP diethoxy acetophenon
  • the beads were positioned at the 12:00, 2:00, 4:00, 6:00, 8:00 and 10:00 positions on the mating surface of the tungsten oxide-coated lens. These droplets were then cured using UV light to secure the beads.
  • a sufficient amount of the curable, non-solid adhesive composition to provide a 0.25 mm thick polymer interlayer was then placed between the W0 3 and iridium oxide half cells, and they were brought together via a conventional technique until both mating surfaces contacted the shims.
  • the adhesive composition was then cured using UV light to form a uniform AMPSA/DMA polymer interlayer.
  • the resulting laminated lens showed less than 1/8 diopter localized distortion and no secondary visual images in point source light.
  • the center to edge thickness measured +. 0.025 mm with an interlayer thickness of 0.25 mm.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un procédé de préparation de dispositifs électro-optiques contrecollés. Ledit procédé consiste à placer, avant le contrecollage, une pluralité de billes (9) sphériques entre un premier (1) et un second (2) substrat au moyen d'un adhésif de complexage. Les billes maintiennent un espacement uniforme pendant le contrecollage. L'invention se rapporte à des dispositifs préparés conformément audit procédé.
PCT/US2000/026932 1999-09-29 2000-09-29 Procede de preparation de dispositifs electro-optiques contrecolles a espacement uniforme WO2001023954A1 (fr)

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AU13297/01A AU1329701A (en) 1999-09-29 2000-09-29 Method for preparing uniformly-spaced laminated electrooptic devices

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US40839499A 1999-09-29 1999-09-29
US09/408,394 1999-09-29

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7445334B2 (en) 2004-02-03 2008-11-04 Easy Power Limited Lenses
JP2018151432A (ja) * 2017-03-10 2018-09-27 株式会社リコー 電子デバイス、機器及び電子デバイスの製造方法

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