WO2001011040A1 - Tumorassoziiertes antigen (r11) - Google Patents
Tumorassoziiertes antigen (r11) Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001011040A1 WO2001011040A1 PCT/EP2000/007338 EP0007338W WO0111040A1 WO 2001011040 A1 WO2001011040 A1 WO 2001011040A1 EP 0007338 W EP0007338 W EP 0007338W WO 0111040 A1 WO0111040 A1 WO 0111040A1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
- C07K14/4701—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
- C07K14/4711—Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid plaque core protein
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- C07K16/30—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants from tumour cells
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/51—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising whole cells, viruses or DNA/RNA
- A61K2039/53—DNA (RNA) vaccination
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
Definitions
- the invention relates to the immunotherapy of tumor diseases.
- the immune system's task is to protect the organism from a variety of different microorganisms or to actively combat them.
- the importance of an intact immune system is particularly evident in inherited or acquired immunodeficiencies.
- the use of prophylactic vaccine programs has proven to be an extremely effective and successful immunological intervention in the fight against viral or bacterial infectious diseases.
- the immune system is also significantly involved in the elimination of tumor cells.
- TAAs tumor-associated antigens
- TIL tumor infiltrating lymphocytes
- PBMC peripheral mononuclear blood cells
- the T cell response against tumor cells could be enhanced by transfection of the tumor cells with cytokines (van Elsas et al., 1997; Gansbacher et al., 1990; Tepper et al., 1989; Fearon et al., 1990; Dranoff et al., 1993).
- cytokines van Elsas et al., 1997; Gansbacher et al., 1990; Tepper et al., 1989; Fearon et al., 1990; Dranoff et al., 1993.
- TAA tumor associated antigens
- MHC-I Major histocompatibility complex
- antigen processing "antigen processing”
- Peptide MHC-I complexes are positive CTLs detected.
- MHC-II molecules only occur on so-called “professional antigen-presenting cells” (APC) and present peptides of exogenous proteins that are absorbed and processed by APC during the endocytosis.
- APC professional antigen-presenting cells
- MHC-II complexes are used by CD4 helpers Interaction between T cell receptor and peptide: MHC complex can trigger various effector mechanisms that lead to apoptosis of the target cell in the case of CTLs. This happens when either the MHC (eg in the case of graft rejection), or the peptide is recognized as foreign (eg in the case of intracellular pathogens).
- MHC eg in the case of graft rejection
- the peptide is recognized as foreign (eg in the case of intracellular pathogens).
- not all of the peptides presented meet the structural and functional requirements for effective interaction with T cells (as described by Rammenee et al., 1995 and below).
- TAAs in a tumor vaccine
- the antigen can either be used as a recombinant protein suitable adjuvants or carrier systems, or as cDNA coding for the antigen in plasmid (DNA vaccines; Tighe et al., 1998) or viral vectors (Restifo, 1997).
- DNA vaccines Tighe et al., 1998) or viral vectors (Restifo, 1997).
- viral vectors Rasterifo, 1997
- Bacteria e.g. Listeria, Salmonella
- Bacteria that recombinantly express the human antigen and have an adjuvant effect due to their additional components (Paterson, 1996; Pardoll, 1998).
- APC professional antigen-presenting cells
- the antigens or their epitopes recognized by the tumor-specific CTLs include molecules which can come from all protein classes (for example transcription factors, receptors, enzymes; for an overview, see Rammenee et al., 1995; Robbins and Kawakami, 1996). These proteins do not necessarily have to be located on the cell surface, as is required for detection by antibodies. In order to act as a tumor-specific antigen for the detection by CTLs or to be used for therapy, the proteins must fulfill certain conditions: firstly, the antigen is to be expressed mainly by tumor cells and should not occur in so-called "critical" normal tissues or only in a lower concentration than in tumors. Critical normal tissues are essential tissues; an immune reaction directed against them could have serious, sometimes lethal consequences.
- the antigen is said to be present not only in the primary tumor, but also in the metastases. Furthermore, in view of a wide clinical use of the antigen, it is desirable if it is present in high concentration in several types of tumor.
- Another prerequisite for the suitability of a TAA as an effective component of a vaccine is the presence of T cell epitopes in the amino acid sequence of the antigen; Peptides derived from TAA are said to lead to an in vitro / in vivo T cell response ("immunogenic" peptide).
- Another selection criterion for a clinically widely applicable immunogenic peptide is the frequency with which the antigen is found in a given patient population.
- TAAs tumor-associated antigens
- TAAs tumor-associated antigens
- CTLs cellular immune response
- antibodies humor immune response
- patient CTLs are used for screening eukaryotic tumor cDNA expression libraries which present the CTL epitopes via MHC-I molecules (Boon et al., 1994), while using high-affinity patient antisera prokaryotic cDNA expression libraries can be examined directly for the presence of TAAs via an immunoblot analysis of the individual plaques (Sahin et al., 1995).
- a combination of CTL reactivity and protein chemical methods represents the isolation of peptides isolated from MHC-I from tumor cells which have been preselected for reactivity with patient CTLs.
- the peptides are washed out of the MHC-I complex and identified using mass spectrometry (Falk et al., 1991; Woelfel et al., 1994; Cox et al., 1994).
- the approaches that use CTLs to characterize antigens are associated with considerable effort or not always successful due to the required cultivation and activation of CTLs.
- Tumor tissues are diverse; this includes differential hybridization, the creation of Subtraction cDNA banks ("representational difference analysis”; Hubank and Schatz, 1994; Diatchenko et al., 1996) and the use of DNA chip technology or the SAGE method (Velculescu et al., 1995).
- the cDNA clones obtained were first separated and a glycerol stock culture, a plasmid preparation and a collection of the PCR fragments representing the insert were established in 96-well plate format.
- 50 randomly selected cDNA fragments from the 3450 clones of the subtractive cDNA library of pancreatic carcinoma were selected for the selection of the im Tumor overexpressed antigens sequenced and compared with sequences available in databases.
- the genes that were annotated were 12 unknown, for which ESTs ("expressed sequence tags”) entries existed in the database.
- Rll One clone, was suitable for use as a TAA due to its preferred presence in fetal tissues
- immune-privileged tissues testis, placenta and adrenal gland
- the human Rll cDNA was cloned from Testis, the sequence obtained is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the sequence of Rll shows no identity or homology to a known gene at either the nucleotide or protein level.
- the Rll cDNA obtained in the context of the present invention contains two separate open reading frames, each for a 401 (SEQ ID NO: 2) amino acid and for a 357 (SEQ ID NO: 3) amino acid protein.
- the Rll cDNA cloned in the course of the present invention has a length of 6582 bp, the presence of a polyA tail at the 3 'end of the sequence for the
- Pancreatic carcinoma tissue reverse transcribed and then ligated with an adapter of known sequence.
- a PCR with an adapter primer (binds specifically to the adapter at the 5 'end of the cDNA) and an Rll-specific primer (e.g. SEQ ID NO: 26) allows the corresponding Rll fragments to be amplified.
- these PCR products can be cloned by standard methods and characterized, in particular by DNA sequencing.
- An alternative method for characterizing the 5 'end is the screening of cDNA libraries by hybridization with DNA probes specific for RII or the analysis of cDNA expression libraries with antisera. If the screening of cDNA libraries does not lead to the desired goal due to methodological restrictions, e.g. inefficient reverse transcription due to pronounced secondary structures of the RNA, genomic libraries can be examined, for example, by hybridization with for, as in the screening of cDNA libraries Rll-specific DNA probes can be isolated from clones which contain the sequence information located upstream from the 5 ′ end of the cDNA obtained, for example the promoter region of Rll.
- the cDNA isolated in the context of the present invention has the nucleotide sequence given in SEQ ID NO: 1; it can be assumed (see above) that it is for the C-terminal section of a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) of the designation RII-ORF-1 and for another protein which is represented by the second reading frame (RII-ORF-2) coded.
- TAA tumor-associated antigen
- the two proteins of the two reading frames expressed by the isolated cDNA have the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 and 3.
- the present invention relates to a first
- SEQ ID NO: 1 nucleotide sequence shown or a polynucleotide that hybridizes with this DNA molecule under stringent conditions.
- the present invention relates to an isolated DNA molecule which contains a polynucleotide of the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 as a partial sequence or which contains a polynucleotide which hybridizes with a polynucleotide of this sequence under stringent conditions.
- the DNA molecules or fragments thereof according to the invention code for (poly) peptides of the designations R11-ORF1 and R11-0RF2, where R11-ORF2 is the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 and R11-ORF2 is the one shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 Has or contains amino acid sequence; or for protein fragments or peptides derived from RII-ORF-1 or R11-0RF2.
- This also includes DNA molecules which, due to the degeneration of the genetic code, have deviations from the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the present invention relates to the tumor-associated antigens Designation Rll-ORF-1 and Rll-ORF-2, whereby in the case of Rll-ORF-1 that there is an extension of the present open reading frame in the 5 'direction, which in SEQ ID NO: 2 for Rll-ORF- 1 amino acid sequence shown is a partial sequence.
- the proteins with the sequences given in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 3 are products which are translated by an approximately 7.5 kb transcript or those by the transcripts of a size of approximately 3.8 kb and 2.3 kb are translated, which are derived from splice variants of the 7.5 kb transcript as found in the tissue of the adrenal gland or from transcripts of the genes homologous to them.
- the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 3 may have deviations, e.g. those which are due to the exchange of amino acids, provided that the R11 derivatives (hereinafter “R-II”, unless otherwise stated refers to R11-ORF1 and / or R11-ORF2) are those which are desired for use in a tumor vaccine has immunogenic properties.
- Rll-ORF-1 or Rll-ORF-2 can optionally be modified by exchanging individual amino acids in a Rll CTL epitope in order to increase the affinity of Rll compared to the natural Rll CTL epitope -Peptides to MHC-I molecules and thus an increased immunogenicity and ultimately an increased reactivity to tumors.
- Modifications in the area of the Rll epitopes can be made on the total Rll protein (this is from the APCs to the corresponding Peptides processed) or on larger ones
- Rll protein fragments or on Rll peptides see below.
- the present invention relates to immunogenic polypeptide fragments and peptides derived from RII-ORF-1 or RII-ORF-2.
- Rll peptides A first group are Rll peptides that trigger a humoral immune response (induction of antibodies).
- Such peptides are selected sections of Rll-ORF-1 or Rll-ORF-2 (at least 12 to 15 amino acids), which by means of so-called prediction algorithms such as e.g. the "surface probability plot” (Emini et al., 1985), the “hydrophobicity plot” (Kyte and Doolittle, 1982) and the "antigenic index” (Jameson and Wolf, 1988).
- tumor-associated antigens can have tumor-specific mutations that contribute to an immunological differentiation between tumor and normal tissue (Mandruzzato et al., 1997; Hogan et al., 1998; Gaudi et al., 1999; Wölfel et al., 1995 ).
- the Rll cDNA is expediently cloned from one or more different tumors and the resulting ones, using probes from the cDNA according to the invention isolated from Testis Sequences compared with normal tissue Rll cDNA.
- tumor Rll peptides from a sequence section mutated compared to normal tissue Rll show increased immunogenicity compared to normal tissue Rll peptides from the corresponding section.
- the present invention thus relates to III-peptides derived from regions of a tumor-expressed III-ORF-1 and III-ORF-2 which have tumor-specific mutations.
- Rll peptides preferred within the scope of the present invention are those which are presented by MHC molecules and which bring about a cellular immune response.
- MHC molecules There are two classes of MHC molecules, namely MHC-I molecules that are recognized by CD8-positive CTLs and MHC-II molecules that are recognized by CD4-positive T helper cells.
- patients therefore represent one of the essential prerequisites for the effective application of a peptide to this patient.
- the sequence of an RII peptide to be used therapeutically is predetermined by the respective MHC molecule with regard to anchor amino acids and length. Defined anchor positions and lengths ensure that a peptide fits into the peptide binding groove of the patient's respective MHC molecule.
- the immune system is stimulated and a cellular immune response is generated which, in the case of using a peptide derived from a tumor antigen, is directed against the patient's tumor cells.
- Immunogenic Rll peptides can be identified by known methods, one of the bases for this is the relationship between MHC binding and CTL induction.
- Rll peptides which represent CTL epitopes can be identified and synthesized on the basis of the Rll protein sequence.
- Various methods are suitable for this, which are used to identify CTL epitopes from known ones
- Protein antigens have been used; e.g. the method described by Stauss et al., 1992, for the identification of T cell epitopes in human papillomavirus.
- a motif prescribes a 9-mer with Ile or Leu at the end
- 10-mer with a corresponding C-terminus can also be considered, as can peptides with other aliphatic residues, such as Val or Met at the C-terminus.
- peptide candidates are obtained. These are examined for the presence of as many anchor residues as possible, which they have together with known ligands, and / or for whether they have "preferred" residues for different MHC molecules (according to the table by Rammenee et al., 1995).
- binding assays are expediently carried out.
- the peptide candidates can also be examined for non-anchor residues which have a negative or positive effect on the binding or which make this possible (Ruppert et al., 1993). With this approach, however, it must be considered that the peptide binding motif is not the only decisive factor in the search for natural ligands; other aspects, such as enzyme specificity during antigen processing, also contribute - in addition to the specificity of the MHC formation - contribute to the identity of the ligand.
- the peptides can also be selected for their ability to bind to MHC-II molecules.
- Amino acids has a higher degree of degeneration in the anchor positions than the MHC-I binding motif. Based on the X-ray structure analysis of MHC-II molecules, methods have recently been developed which enable the exact analysis of the MHC-II
- Binding motifs and on the basis thereof, allow variations of the peptide sequence (Rammenee et al., 1995 and the original literature cited there).
- Peptides that bind to MHC-II molecules are typically presented to CD4-T cells by dendritic cells, macrophages or B cells.
- the CD4-T cells in turn then directly activate CTLs by e.g. Cytokine release and enhance the efficiency of antigen presentation by APC (dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells).
- peptide epitopes can be determined, possibly using further algorithms that take into account the different characteristics of the peptides (hydrophobicity, charge, size) or requirements on the peptides, for example the 3D structure of the HLA molecule become; this also applies to peptide epitopes of other HLA types.
- Binding properties determined (stability of the peptide-MHC interaction correlates in most cases with immunogenicity; van der Burg et al., 1996). To determine the immunogenicity of the selected peptide or peptide
- the minimum requirements for anchor positions and long variations based on the original peptide sequence can be made , provided that the effective immunogenicity of the peptide, which is composed of its binding affinity for the MHC molecule and its ability to stimulate T cell receptors, is not only not impaired by these variations, but is preferably enhanced.
- artificial peptides or peptide equivalents are used, which are designed according to the requirements of the binding ability to an MHC molecule.
- heteroclitic peptides Peptides modified in this way are referred to as “heteroclitic peptides”. They can be obtained by the following methods:
- the epitopes of MHC-I or MHC-II ligands or their variation are carried out, for example, according to the principle described by Rammenee et al., 1995.
- the length of the peptide corresponds in the case its adaptation to MHC-I molecules, preferably a minimal sequence of 8 to 10 amino acids with the required anchor amino acids.
- the peptide can also be extended at the C- and / or at the N-terminus, provided that this extension does not impair the ability to bind to the MHC molecule or the extended peptide can be processed cellularly for the minimal sequence.
- TILs tumor-inflating lymphocytes
- Another method suitable for the purposes of the present invention for finding peptides with a greater immunogenicity than that of the natural Rll peptides consists in screening peptide libraries with CTLs which recognize the Rll peptides naturally occurring on tumors, as described by Blake et al. , 1996, described; in this context, the use of combinatorial peptide libraries is proposed to design molecules that mimic tumor epitopes recognized by MHC-I restricted CTLs.
- RII polypeptides of the present invention or immunogenic fragments or peptides derived therefrom can be produced recombinantly or by means of peptide synthesis, as described in WO 96/10413, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. The same applies to the recombinant production DNA molecule inserted into an expression vector according to standard methods, transfected into a suitable host cell, the host cultivated under suitable expression conditions and the protein purified. Conventional methods can be used for the chemical synthesis of Rll peptides, for example commercially available automatic peptide synthesizers.
- Rll peptides or heteroclitic peptides substances which simulate such peptides, e.g. "Peptidomimetics” or “retro-inverse peptides” can be used.
- Peptidomimetics or "retro-inverse peptides”
- Rll peptide equivalents the same methods are used as above for the natural Rll peptides or Rll peptide equivalents.
- the two TAAs of the designation RII-ORF-1 and Rll-ORF-2 according to the present invention and the protein fragments, peptides or peptide equivalents or peptidomimetics derived therefrom can be used in cancer therapy, e.g. by one
- Rll-ORF-1 and / or Rll-ORF-2-positive tumors are preferably used for the therapy of Rll-ORF-1 and / or Rll-ORF-2-positive tumors, in particular for breast, kidney and pancreatic carcinoma.
- the immune response in the form of induction of CTLs can be brought about in vivo or ex vivo.
- a pharmaceutical composition containing is effective Component which TAAs Rll-ORF-1 and / or Rll-ORF-2 or fragments or peptide (s) derived therefrom, administered to a patient who suffers from a tumor disease associated with the TAA, the amount of TAA (peptide) being sufficient to achieve an effective CTL response to the antigen-bearing tumor.
- the invention thus relates to a pharmaceutical composition for parenteral, topical, oral or local administration.
- the composition is for parenteral administration, e.g. for subcutaneous, intradermal or intramuscular use, containing as active component TAAs R11-0RF-1 and / or RII-ORF-2 or fragments or peptides derived therefrom.
- the RII-TAA / peptides are dissolved or suspended in a pharmaceutically acceptable, preferably aqueous, carrier.
- the composition can also contain conventional auxiliaries, such as buffers, etc.
- the RII-TAA / peptides can be used alone or in combination with adjuvants, e.g. incomplete friend's adjuvant,
- Saponins aluminum salts or, in a preferred embodiment, polycations such as polyarginine or polylysine can be used.
- the peptides can also be bound to components which support CTL induction or activation, for example to T helper peptides, lipids or liposomes, or they are used together with these substances and / or together with immunostimulating substances, for example cytokines (IL -2, IFN- ⁇ ) administered.
- cytokines IL -2, IFN- ⁇
- Rll polypeptide fragments or Rll peptides can also be used to trigger a CTL response ex vivo.
- An ex vivo CTL response to a tumor that expresses the two possible proteins from Rll is induced by incubating the CTL progenitor cells together with APCs and Rll peptides or Rll protein. The activated CTLs are then allowed to expand, after which they are re-administered to the patient.
- APCs can be loaded with Rll peptides, which can lead to an efficient activation of cellular immune responses against Rll positive tumors (Mayordomo et al., 1995; Zitvogel et al., 1996).
- a suitable method for peptides on cells e.g. Loading dendritic cells is disclosed in WO 97/19169.
- Rll peptides In one embodiment of the invention, a combination of several different Rll peptides or Rll peptide equivalents is used. In another embodiment of the invention, a combination of several different Rll peptides or Rll peptide equivalents is used. In another embodiment of the invention, a combination of several different Rll peptides or Rll peptide equivalents is used. In another embodiment of the invention, a combination of several different Rll peptides or Rll peptide equivalents is used. In another
- Rll peptides are combined with peptides derived from other TAAs.
- the selection of peptides for such combinations is made with a view to the detection of different MHC types in order to cover the widest possible patient population and / or it is based on the widest possible range of indications by combining peptides from several different tumor antigens.
- the number of peptides in a pharmaceutical composition can vary over a wide range, typically containing one clinically applicable vaccines 1 to 15, preferably 3 to 10 different peptides.
- the peptides according to the invention can also be used as diagnostic reagents.
- the peptides can be used to test a patient's response to the humoral or cellular immune response elicited by the immunogenic peptide. This makes it possible to improve a treatment protocol. For example, depending on the dosage form (peptide,
- Whole protein or antibodies directed against the TAA can be used to characterize the course of the disease of a Rll-ORF-1 or Rll-ORF-2 positive tumor (for example by immunohistochemical analyzes of primary tumor and metastases).
- a strategy has proven to be successful several times, for example the detection of the estrogen receptor as a basis for decision-making for endocrine therapy in breast cancer; c-erbB-2 as a relevant marker in the prognosis and course of therapy for breast cancer (Ravaioli et al., 1998; Revillion et al., 1998); PSMA ("prostate specific membrane antigen") as a marker for epithelial cells of prostate cancer in serum or by using a n ⁇ In-labeled monoclonal antibody against PSMA in immunoscintigraphy for prostate cancer (Murphy et al., 1998 and included references); CEA (“carcinoembryonic antigen”) as Serological markers for the prognosis and course in patients with colorectal cancer (Jessup and Lo
- DNA molecules according to the invention defined above also include those which, by mutation, lead to an exchange of amino acids in the protein sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 3, provided they are used for an RII derivative or fragments or peptides with the encode the immunogenic properties desired for use as tumor vaccines.
- the RII DNA molecules of the present invention or the corresponding RNAs, which are also the subject of the present invention, are used, like the (poly) peptides encoded thereby, for the immunotherapy of cancer diseases.
- DNA molecules encoding natural RII polypeptides are used.
- modified derivatives can be used. These include sequences with modifications which code for a protein (fragment) or peptides with a higher immunogenicity, the same considerations applying to the modifications at the DNA level as for the peptides described above.
- Another type of modification is the stringing together of numerous sequences, coding for immunologically relevant peptides, in the manner of a string of pearls ("string-of-beads"; Toes et al., 1997).
- sequences can also be modified by adding auxiliary elements, such as functions that a Ensure more efficient delivery and processing of the immunogen (Wu et al., 1995). For example, by adding a localization sequence into the endoplasmic reticulum ("ER targetting sequence"), the processing and thus the presentation and ultimately the immunogenicity of the antigen can be increased.
- auxiliary elements such as functions that a Ensure more efficient delivery and processing of the immunogen (Wu et al., 1995). For example, by adding a localization sequence into the endoplasmic reticulum ("ER targetting sequence"), the processing and thus the presentation and ultimately the immunogenicity of the antigen can be increased.
- the present invention relates to a recombinant DNA molecule which contains the III-DNA according to SEQ ID NO: 1 or a partial sequence, in particular the sequence coding for the polypeptide III-ORF-1 or III-ORF-2.
- the RII DNA molecules of the present invention can be administered, preferably in recombinant form as plasmids, directly or as part of a recombinant virus, or bacterium.
- any gene therapy method for the immunotherapy of cancer based on DNA (“DNA vaccine”) on Rll-DNA can be used, both in vivo and ex vi vo.
- Examples of m vivo administration are the direct injection of "naked" DNA, either intramuscularly or by means of a gene gun, which has been shown to lead to the formation of CTLs against tumor antigens.
- Examples of recombinant organisms are vaccinia virus, adenovirus or Listeria monocytogenes (an overview was given by Coulie, 1997).
- synthetic carriers for nucleic acids such as cationic lipids, microsphere, microsphere or liposome for the in vivo administration of nucleic acid molecules, coding for Rll peptide can be used.
- various adjuvants that enhance the immune response can be co-administered, for example cytokines, either in the form of proteins or plasmids encoding them.
- the application can optionally be combined with physical methods, eg electroporation.
- ex vivo administration is the transfection of dendritic cells, as described by Tuting, 1997, or other APCs which are used as cellular cancer vaccines.
- the present invention thus relates to the use of cells which express RII, either on their own or, in optionally modified form, after transfection with the corresponding coding sequence, for the production of a cancer vaccine.
- the invention relates to antibodies against R11-0RF-1 or Rll-ORF-2 (hereinafter “anti-Rll antibodies”) or fragments thereof.
- Polyclonal anti-Rll antibodies can be obtained in a conventional manner by immunizing animals, in particular rabbits, by injection of the antigen or fragments thereof, and subsequent purification of the immunoglobulin.
- Monoclonal anti-Rll antibodies can be obtained according to standard protocols according to the principle described by Kohler and Muster, 1975, by immunizing animals, in particular mice, followed by antibody-producing cells of the immunized animals be immortalized, for example by fusion with myeloma cells, and the supernatant of the hybridomas obtained is screened for monoclonal anti-Rll antibodies by means of standard immunological assays.
- these animal antibodies can optionally be chimerized in a conventional manner (Neuberger et al., 1984, Boulianne et al., 1984) or humanized (Riechmann et al., 1988, Graziano et al., 1995) ,
- Human monoclonal anti-Rll antibodies fragments can also be obtained from so-called “phage display libraries” (Winter et al., 1994, Griffiths et al., 1994, Kruif et al., 1995, Mc Guiness et al., 1996) and by means of transgenic animals (Brüggemann et al., 1996, Jakobovits et al., 1995).
- the anti-Rll antibodies according to the invention can be used in immunohistochemical analyzes for diagnostic purposes.
- the invention relates to the use of Rll-ORF-1 and Rll-ORF-2-specific antibodies in order to selectively bring any substances into or into a tumor which Rll-ORF-1 and / or Rll- ORF-2 expressed.
- examples of such substances are cytotoxic agents or radioactive nuclides, the effect of which is to damage the tumor on site. Due to the tumor-specific expression of Rll-ORF-1 or Rll-ORF-2, no or only minor side effects are to be expected.
- substances for visualization can be used with the help of RII-ORF-1 and / or RII-ORF-2 antibodies of tumors that express RII. This is useful for the diagnosis and evaluation of the course of therapy. Therapeutic and diagnostic uses of are described in WO 95/33771.
- TAAs of the designation RII-ORF-2 and Rll-ORF-2 according to the present invention and the protein fragments, peptides or peptide equivalents or peptidomimetics derived therefrom can be used in cancer therapy, e.g. B. to induce an immune response against tumor cells that express the corresponding antigenic determinants. They are preferably used for the therapy of Rll-ORF-1 and / or Rll-ORF-2 positive tumors, in particular in breast, kidney and pancreatic carcinomas.
- R11 can be used as the target molecule of a directed chemotherapy.
- Chemotherapy means the therapeutic administration of substances which, by interfering with the metabolism of malignant cells, their signal transduction and their cell division processes, are either cytostatic or cytotoxic-cytolytic.
- these chemotherapeutic agents have an effect on all dividing cells; However, tumor cells show a higher sensitivity to these substances than healthy cells, since mainly proliferating cells are attacked.
- the prerequisite for using the tumor-associated RII as a target for chemotherapy is knowledge of the function of the RII proteins R11-ORF-1 and R11-ORF2 or the gene coding therefor.
- biomformatics concepts based on similarity and modular structure represent an essential basis.
- Established bioinformatic aids for determining similarities are BLAST
- Rll is subjected to a biochemical and biological analysis.
- RII-ORF-1 and RII-ORF-2 are subjected to a biochemical and biological analysis.
- the selection of the methods used for further analyzes is based on the result of the bioinformatics analysis carried out.
- RII-ORF-1 is a protein that belongs to the family of zinc finger-containing transcription factors.
- Rll-ORF-1 or Rll-ORF-2 the importance of the Rll gene and its function or the function of the proteins encoded by it for the tumor process is analyzed. This can e.g. by
- Rll can be used in screening assays to identify substances that modulate, in particular inhibit, the activity of R11-0RF-1 or Rll-ORF-2.
- an assay may e.g. B. consist of Rll-ORF-1 or Rll-ORF-2 or an active fragment thereof, in cells that react to the activity of Rll with proliferation, or the corresponding Rll-cDNA section in the cell Bring expression, and to determine the proliferation of the cells in the presence and in the absence of a test substance.
- test cells are cells with a low division rate, e.g. primary cells that have no endogenous Rll.
- primary cells that have no endogenous Rll.
- Rll cDNA is transformed with Rll cDNA, grown and analyzed using standard assays, e.g. Thymidine incorporation, on their
- Proliferation assays in high throughput format e.g. based on the MTS assay, are described in WO 98/00713.
- Rll inhibitors with proliferation-inhibiting effects can be used to treat tumors with strong Rll expression can be used, particularly in breast, renal cell or pancreatic carcinoma.
- Fig. 1 Transcription of Rll in tumor
- Fig. 2 Transcription of Rll in tumor tissues and normal tissues: Qualitative PCR
- Fig. 3 Northern blot analysis of Rll in normal tissues
- Fig. 4 R11 transcription: Qualitative RT-PCR from RNA from human tumor cell lines
- Fig. 5 Modified region of the pCR3.1 (+) vector.
- the cell lime MZ. PC2 m7 # 1 B7.1 # 3 is derived from human pancreatic carcinoma (MZ.PC2); it was obtained as follows: First, the tumor cells were passaged once in the mouse and a clone was selected for further studies (MZ.PC 2m7 # 1). This clone was developed under standard conditions (Ausubel et al., 1994) with a eukaryotic vector (pEF-BOS; promoter comes from the human EF-lalpha gene, selection marker: Puromycm;
- the RNA of the pancreatic tumor cell line was used as "solid", that of the normal tissue pool as “driver” according to the manufacturer protocol.
- the cDNA with 6 restriction enzymes EcoRV, Nael, Nrul, Seal (Promega), Sspl, StuI (TaKaRa) in Promega buffer A for 2 hours at 37 ° C and after increasing the NaCl concentration to 150 mM, cut at 37 ° C. for a further 2 hours.
- the use of this mixture of 6 different restriction enzymes allowed the generation of approximately 800 bp long cDNA fragments, which were used for the representative difference analysis.
- tester cDNA Equal parts of "tester cDNA” were ligated either with the adapters A or B and then hybridized separately with an excess of "driver cDNA” at 68 ° C. The two batches were then combined and subjected to a second hybridization with freshly denatured “driver cDNA”.
- the enriched “solid” -specific cDNAs were then PCR-treated with primers of the kit specific for the adapters A and B, with an elongation time of 2 minutes at 72 ° C amplified exponentially, 27 cycles (10 "94 ° C, 30" 66 ° C, 2 '72 ° C). For further enrichment, an aliquot of this reaction was a second PCR with specific inside subjected to "nested" primers of the kit with an elongation time of 2 minutes at 72 ° C., 10 cycles
- Fig. 5 CMV cytomegalovirus; BGH Bovine Growth Hormone; ORF Open Reading Frame
- E. coli OneShot TM, Invitrogen
- the pCR3.1 (+) vector (InVitrogen) was cut with Nhel and Hindlll (Promega) and each with a dsDNA
- Oligomer produced by annealing two ssDNA oligomers (SEQ ID NO: 4 and 5; vector ORF1) or (SEQ ID NO: 6 and 7; vector ORF2) or (SEQ ID NO: 8 and 9; vector ORF3) Standard protocols ligated (e.g. Ausubel et al., 1994; Sambrook et al. 1989).
- the 3 vector types have a start codon and a cloning site for expression in a reading frame that is different from the other two vectors.
- E. coli glycerol stock cultures were available and their insert length was known by agarose gel electrophoresis. As expected, an average length of the inserted cDNA fragments of approximately 800 bp could be detected.
- the plasmid DNA of 50 clones randomly selected from the subtractive cDNA library was isolated according to the manufacturer's instructions (QIAgen) and sequenced using the Sanger method on an ABI-Prism device. The sequences determined in this way were annotated by BLAST search (National Center for Biotechnology Information) and EST database comparisons were made subjected. This allowed the identification of 38 known and 12 unknown genes. Only EST entries existed for the latter. The expression profile was estimated for the 12 unknown genes: the starting tissue for the corresponding cDNA library was checked for all ESTs with> 95% identity (BLAST) for the experimentally determined sequence in databases. There was a subdivision into i) critical normal tissue, ii) fetal, "dispensable" and immune privileged
- RNA from tumor or normal tissues were reverse transcribed using SuperScriptll (GibcoBRL) or AMV-RT (Promega) according to the manufacturer's recommendations.
- SuperScriptll GibcoBRL
- AMV-RT Promega
- the quality and amount of the cDNAs were determined by PCR with ⁇ -actin-specific primers (SEQ ID NO: 14 and 15) and GAPDH-specific primers (SEQ ID NO: 16 and 17) after 30 and 35 cycles (1 '95 ° C, 1' 55 ° C, 1 '72 ° C), checked.
- the 4 candidate genes were analogous with specific ones Analyzed primers.
- PCR products were detected using agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining.
- a candidate who was designated “Rll” showed a relatively specific tumor / testis transcription profile after 35 cycles with Rll-specific primers (SEQ ID NO: 12 and 13); the semiquantitative RT-PCR of RNA from breast cancer om, Lung adenocarcinoma, pulmonary pith epithelial carcinoma, kidney carcinoma, colon carcinoma, heart, lung, liver, kidney, colon, spleen and testis is shown in Fig. 1.
- Another qualitative PCR of cDNA from patient tissue from 3 human pancreatic tumors with the same Rll-specific primers (SEQ ID NO: 12 and 13) showed the expression in human pancreatic tumors (Fig. 2).
- FIG. 3 shows the result of this analysis: of 19 normal tissues (pancreas, adrenal medulla, thyroid gland,
- Adrenal cortex Adrenal cortex, testis, thymus, small intestine, stomach, brain, heart, skeletal muscle, colon, muscle, kidney, liver, placenta, lungs, leukocytes).
- Rll a prominent 7.5 kb long transcript can be seen in the placenta, adrenal medulla, adrenal cortex and in testis.
- a very weak band of 7.5 kb can also be detected in the brain. Since all of these normal tissues have an immune privileged status (Streile, 1995), an attack by CTL can be ruled out in immunotherapy based on this antigen.
- Rll cDNA Library panel (OriGene Technologies, Ine) with specific for Rll was used Primers (SEQ ID NO: 24 and 25) screened under the standard PCR conditions specified by the manufacturer. An aliquot of the positive cells was amplified as a template for a PCR with an Rll-specific and a vector-specific primer (SEQ ID NO: 26 and 27) using the Advantage cDNA PCR Kit (Clontech) and the standard protocol described there
- the cloned region of the RII cDNA is 6582 bp, the presence of a polyA tail at the 3 'end of the sequence indicating the completeness of the cDNA in this region.
- Two separate continuous reading frames were identified.
- the first 5'-sided reading frame (Rll-ORF-1; SEQ ID NO: 2) is at position 218 and the stop codon (TAG) at position 1421 in SEQ ID NO: 1 by the start codon represents. Since no database entries of known genes exist for this gene, no statement can be made about the function.
- R11-0RF-2 which is defined by a start codon at position # 1498 and a stop codon (TAA) at 2569, in addition to the two obvious proline-rich sections (positions # 128-141 and 330-351 in SEQ ID NO: 2), potential motifs for two N-glycosylation sites (104-107 and 251-254), one protein kinase C phosphorylation site (108-110), five casein kinase II
- Phosphorylation sites 99-102, 165-168, 198-201, 200-203 and 274-277 and a region similar to the active site of eukaryotic and viral aspartate proteinases (16-27) were identified.
- the above-mentioned aspartate protease pattern # 16-27 comprises the active nucleophile Asp (# 19) of the active site of the prot region of the pol region; Positions # 215 through # 277 correspond to part of the reverse transcriptase domain.
- the protein derived from RII-ORF-2 is therefore a possible retrotransposon.
- Reading frames from R11 according to SEQ ID NO: 2 and 3) were determined using the method described by Parker et. al., algorithms described in 1994 were carried out on the basis of known motifs (Rammenee et al. 1995).
- HLA-Al - A * 0201, -A3, -B7, -B14 and -B 403, 9-mer candidate peptides have been identified which are expected to match the bind corresponding HLA molecules and therefore represent immunogenic CTL epitopes; the peptides found are in Tab. 1 (Rll-ORF-1) and
- Paterson Y Ikonomidis G (1996), Curr. Opin. Immunol. 5, 664-669
- van Elsas A., van der Minne, CE, Borghi, M., van der Spek, CW, Braakman, E., Osanto, S., and Schrier, PI (1996), CTL Reeognition of an IL-2 Producing Melanoma Vaccine.
- Immunology of human melanoma Tumor-host interaction and immunotherapy, edited by M. Maio, Amsterdam: IOS, 1996, p. 165-173
- van Elsas A., Aarnoudse, C, van der Minne, C.E., van der Spek, C.W., Brouwenstijn, N., Osanto, S., and Schrier, P.I. (1997), J. Immunother. 20, 343-353.
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MXPA02001137A MXPA02001137A (es) | 1999-08-04 | 2000-07-28 | Antigeno r11 asociado con tumor. |
AU62783/00A AU6278300A (en) | 1999-08-04 | 2000-07-28 | Tumor-associated antigen (r11) |
CA002383230A CA2383230A1 (en) | 1999-08-04 | 2000-07-28 | Tumor-associated antigen (r11) |
JP2001515826A JP2003506085A (ja) | 1999-08-04 | 2000-07-28 | 腫瘍関連抗原(r11) |
EP00949421A EP1206535A1 (de) | 1999-08-04 | 2000-07-28 | Tumorassoziiertes antigen (r11) |
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DE19936563A DE19936563A1 (de) | 1999-08-04 | 1999-08-04 | Tumorassoziiertes Antigen |
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JP2005519608A (ja) * | 2002-03-13 | 2005-07-07 | ガニメド ファーマシューティカルズ アーゲー | 腫瘍において示差的に発現される遺伝子産物およびこの使用 |
WO2007025760A2 (de) * | 2005-09-01 | 2007-03-08 | Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz | Melanom-assoziierte mhc klasse i assoziierte oligopeptide und deren verwendungen |
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US8258260B2 (en) | 1970-02-11 | 2012-09-04 | Immatics Biotechnologies Gmbh | Tumor-associated peptides binding promiscuously to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules |
US8212000B2 (en) | 1970-02-11 | 2012-07-03 | Immatics Biotechnologies Gmbh | Tumor-associated peptides binding promiscuously to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules |
US8211999B2 (en) | 1970-02-11 | 2012-07-03 | Immatics Biotechnologies Gmbh | Tumor-associated peptides binding promiscuously to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules |
DE10225144A1 (de) | 2002-05-29 | 2003-12-18 | Immatics Biotechnologies Gmbh | An MHC-Moleküle bindende Tumor-assoziierte Peptide |
DE602005005196T2 (de) | 2005-09-05 | 2008-06-26 | Immatics Biotechnologies Gmbh | Tumor-assoziierte Peptide, welche an unterschiedliche menschliche Leukozytenantigene der Klasse II binden |
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- 2000-07-28 MX MXPA02001137A patent/MXPA02001137A/es unknown
- 2000-07-28 EP EP00949421A patent/EP1206535A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-07-28 AU AU62783/00A patent/AU6278300A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-07-28 WO PCT/EP2000/007338 patent/WO2001011040A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-07-28 CA CA002383230A patent/CA2383230A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-08-02 CO CO00058185A patent/CO5280153A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003026696A1 (fr) * | 2001-09-21 | 2003-04-03 | Japan As Represented By The President Of The University Of Tokyo | Procede permettant de maitriser la proliferation de cellules cancereuses et la mort cellulaire |
US7232682B2 (en) | 2001-11-07 | 2007-06-19 | Mannkind Corporation | Expression vectors encoding epitopes of target-associated antigens and methods for their design |
US8637305B2 (en) | 2001-11-07 | 2014-01-28 | Mannkind Corporation | Expression vectors encoding epitopes of target-associated antigens and methods for their design |
JP2005519608A (ja) * | 2002-03-13 | 2005-07-07 | ガニメド ファーマシューティカルズ アーゲー | 腫瘍において示差的に発現される遺伝子産物およびこの使用 |
US9783849B2 (en) | 2002-05-29 | 2017-10-10 | Immatics Biotechnologies Gmbh | Method for identifying immunoreactive peptides |
US8765389B2 (en) | 2003-09-10 | 2014-07-01 | Ganymed Pharmaceuticals Ag | Genetic products which are differentially expressed in tumors and use thereof |
WO2007025760A2 (de) * | 2005-09-01 | 2007-03-08 | Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz | Melanom-assoziierte mhc klasse i assoziierte oligopeptide und deren verwendungen |
WO2007025760A3 (de) * | 2005-09-01 | 2007-06-07 | Univ Mainz Johannes Gutenberg | Melanom-assoziierte mhc klasse i assoziierte oligopeptide und deren verwendungen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
MXPA02001137A (es) | 2002-11-04 |
CO5280153A1 (es) | 2003-05-30 |
DE19936563A1 (de) | 2001-02-08 |
AU6278300A (en) | 2001-03-05 |
JP2003506085A (ja) | 2003-02-18 |
UY26266A1 (es) | 2001-01-31 |
CA2383230A1 (en) | 2001-02-15 |
EP1206535A1 (de) | 2002-05-22 |
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