WO2001007172A1 - Pulverisateur de gouttelettes et procede de fabrication de ce pulverisateur - Google Patents

Pulverisateur de gouttelettes et procede de fabrication de ce pulverisateur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001007172A1
WO2001007172A1 PCT/JP2000/004416 JP0004416W WO0107172A1 WO 2001007172 A1 WO2001007172 A1 WO 2001007172A1 JP 0004416 W JP0004416 W JP 0004416W WO 0107172 A1 WO0107172 A1 WO 0107172A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vibration source
pressure chamber
liquid reservoir
spraying device
vibration
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2000/004416
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yukihisa Takeuchi
Toshikazu Hirota
Original Assignee
Ngk Insulators, Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ngk Insulators, Ltd. filed Critical Ngk Insulators, Ltd.
Priority to EP20000942457 priority Critical patent/EP1125640A1/fr
Publication of WO2001007172A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001007172A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F02M69/041—Injectors peculiar thereto having vibrating means for atomizing the fuel, e.g. with sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
    • B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
    • B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
    • B05B17/0607—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/21—Fuel-injection apparatus with piezoelectric or magnetostrictive elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a liquid droplet spraying device that is assembled into a raw material fuel discharging device used in various machines that process or operate the liquid by discharging a liquid raw material or fuel.
  • a plurality of pressure chambers are connected to the same flow path via introduction holes provided in each of the pressure chambers, and droplets are discharged from a discharge port by a change in volume of the pressure chambers.
  • a piezoelectric Z-electrostrictive element is formed on a part of a wall for each pressure chamber, and a voltage signal applied to the element causes a change in shape of the element. I was If a large amount of liquid is to be discharged due to the use of the raw material fuel discharge device, a large number of discharge units having one piezoelectric Z electrostrictive element in one pressure chamber may be attached to the droplet spray device, or the discharge cycle may be adjusted. I was raising it.
  • a droplet spraying device for example, as a fuel ejection device in which a large number of injection elements having nozzles are densely arranged in a staggered manner on the entire inner wall surface of an intake manifold in a carburetor of an internal combustion engine, Japanese Patent Laid-Open There is a fuel injection device described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 54-904416.
  • Each injection element is made with a cavity on the manifold wall and the nozzle is located inside, and a piezo-electrostrictive vibrator is mounted on the outer surface via a thin metal plate.
  • Each injection element is connected to the fuel tank via a passage having a check valve, and the liquid in the cavity is ejected from the nozzle toward the inside of the manifold by the vibration of the piezo-electrostrictive vibrator.
  • the displacement amount of the piezoelectric Z electrostrictive element is small and the area for mounting the discharge unit is limited, so depending on the application, In some cases, it was not possible to spray a sufficiently large amount of discharge.
  • a large number of discharge units are provided in accordance with the required discharge amount, and a piezoelectric element with small displacement is laminated and formed integrally with the pressure chamber to perform accurate positioning on the pressure chamber. This raises manufacturing costs.
  • the present inventor has proposed a piezoelectric electrostrictive element or other vibration source that pressurizes or depresses two or more pressure chambers or flow paths or other liquid reservoirs based on the number of pressure chambers.
  • a droplet spraying device which is provided in a small number and which can spray liquid from a discharge port by the vibration source.
  • a liquid reservoir comprising a pressure chamber having at least one discharge port, and a flow path connected to one or more pressure chambers through an introduction hole to supply liquid.
  • a vibration source for causing a volume change in the liquid reservoir, and a liquid droplet spraying device provided with at least two or more pressure chambers for the vibration source.
  • the liquid reservoir does not have a valve structure in the introduction hole connecting the pressure chamber having at least one discharge port and the flow path for supplying liquid to one or more pressure chambers, and is added to the pressure chamber.
  • the vibration source may be any member that generates a predetermined vibration, and may be a general vibration source such as a solenoid coil in addition to a device that directly converts an electric signal into a physical operation like a piezoelectric Z electrostrictive element. Including.
  • the piezoelectric Z electrostrictive element is suitable because it is excellent in its high-speed response, generated force, and accuracy of vibration amount.
  • the structure of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive element is limited to the structure of a single-plate element with electrodes formed on both sides, or a composite element that expands the displacement spatially in combination with other elastic materials.
  • piezoelectric Z-electrostrictive elements and Actuate with electrodes and electrodes is suitable for its low voltage drive and high displacement.
  • the invention according to claim 2 is the droplet spraying device in which the liquid reservoir and the vibration source are separate bodies.
  • the vibration source can be formed separately from the liquid reservoir.
  • the vibration source can be formed separately from the liquid reservoir using a material having a large displacement.
  • the toughness is improved and the durability can be increased. Further, since the material component forming the vibration source does not diffuse to the substrate side having the liquid reservoir, the material of the substrate is stabilized and the durability is further improved.
  • the degree of contact between the vibration source and the liquid reservoir does not need to be in contact under normal conditions, and even if a certain distance is left, at least if the vibrating or movable parts are in contact for vibration transmission. Good.
  • the contact state can be maintained by mechanical adjustment means such as a panel screw.
  • the separate liquid reservoir and the vibration source can be fixed by an adhesive, a filler-filled adhesive, a heat diffusion method, or the like.
  • the movable part of the vibration source does not necessarily need to be directly close to or in contact with the liquid reservoir, but only needs to be in contact with the vibration source via at least one relay member that transmits vibration to the liquid reservoir. In this case, it is not necessary to adjust the position of the vibration source by adjusting with the relay member, and it is possible to reduce the number of vibration sources, thereby achieving cost reduction.
  • the invention according to claim 3 is a droplet spraying device in which a part of the vibration source is fixed to a fixed part such as a base frame, and at least a part of the other vibrating part or movable part is in contact with the liquid reservoir. It is. As a result, the vibration of the vibration source is transmitted to the liquid reservoir more efficiently, and the spray efficiency is improved.
  • the invention according to claim 4 is the droplet spraying device in which at least one of the contact surfaces where the vibration source and the pressure chamber are in contact is convex.
  • the contact surface means a vibration transmission surface and a vibration transmission surface where the vibration source causes a volume change in the pressure chamber, and at least one of the surfaces is a vibration transmission surface.
  • the other may be any of a convex shape, a smooth shape, and a concave shape in a normal state.
  • the invention according to claim 5 is the droplet spraying device, wherein the vibration transmission surface of the vibration source is smooth, and the vibration transmission surface of the pressure chamber is a thin portion protruding outward.
  • the pressure chamber having a thin portion protruding outward may be formed at the same time as the liquid reservoir including the pressure chamber is formed, or a protrusion may be formed at a predetermined position on the vibration transmission surface after the liquid reservoir is formed. It may be formed by bonding or the like.
  • the invention according to claim 6 is a droplet spraying device in which at least one of the contact surfaces where the vibration source and the flow path are in contact is convex. Thus, the volume change due to the pressure applied to the flow path by the vibration source is dispersed to the plurality of volume reduction sections through the introduction holes, and the droplets are discharged.
  • the shape of the pressurizing portion of the vibration source is appropriately defined by the shape of the flow path 20, but is not necessarily limited to the shape that pressurizes the entire flow path.
  • the shape may be such that only the central portion of the thin portion located above the flow path is in contact, or if there are a plurality of flow paths, all the flow paths may be pressurized, and the introduction hole Only a part of the partial flow path may be pressurized in consideration of the distance from the air flow and the like, and the pressure is selected according to the discharge efficiency, size and shape.
  • the invention according to claim 7 is a droplet spraying device in which the cross section between the pressure chambers comes into contact with the vibration source.
  • the other when at least one of the contact surfaces is convex outward, the other may be convex, flat, or concave.
  • the thin portion of the pressure chamber when the flat vibration source presses the bar once, the bar shifts in the pressing direction and the concave thin portion is formed. The center portion is shifted in the direction opposite to the pressurizing direction with respect to the end portion, so that the capacity of the pressure chamber is increased and the liquid is supplied from the flow path. Then, when the pressurization of the vibration source is completed, the pressure chamber returns to the original state, and when the volume decreases, the liquid is discharged from the discharge port, and the liquid is repeatedly sprayed.
  • the cross section is thicker in the pressure direction of the vibrating plate than the thin section and has excellent durability, and the thin section is formed in a concave shape.
  • the cross section is thicker in the pressure direction of the vibrating plate than the thin section and has excellent durability, and the thin section is formed in a concave shape.
  • the height of the crosspiece is the same as the thickness of the entire apparatus, so that the substrate can be easily formed and the number of steps is reduced.
  • the design can reduce the capacity and volume of the pressure chamber during pressurization. For example, if the width of the bar is made sufficiently narrow with respect to the pressure chamber, or if the side of the pressure chamber is formed obliquely with respect to the top or bottom, the top and bottom are parallel so that the total thickness of the entire device is reduced. As it deforms, the capacity of the pressurizing chamber is reduced and the liquid is discharged.
  • the invention according to claim 8 is a liquid reservoir comprising a pressure chamber provided with at least one discharge port and a flow path connected to one or two or more pressure chambers through an introduction hole to supply liquid, After separately forming a vibration source that causes a volume change in the liquid reservoir, the vibration chamber is integrated so that the vibration of the vibration source is transmitted to the liquid reservoir.
  • a droplet spray device provided with at least one.
  • the vibration source and the liquid reservoir can be formed of different materials and processes.
  • the vibration source can be formed of a material having a large displacement amount and separately from the fired material of the liquid reservoir.
  • the material of the liquid reservoir can be a metal having high toughness and high durability.
  • the material component forming the vibration source does not diffuse to the substrate side having the liquid reservoir, the substrate material is stable and the durability can be further improved, and the liquid reservoir and the vibration source are separately provided. Inspection can be performed more reliably, and the reliability can be more assured.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a discharge unit of the droplet spraying device.
  • FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing another droplet spraying device.
  • FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing another droplet spraying device.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the droplet spraying device of FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing another droplet spraying device. The description of the reference numerals is as follows.
  • 1 ⁇ ⁇ Discharge unit of droplet spraying device 10 ⁇ ⁇ Pressure chamber, 10a ⁇ Thin section, 1 1 ⁇ ⁇ Discharge port, 1 1a ⁇ Nozzle hole, 12 ⁇ ⁇ Introduction hole, 13 ⁇ ⁇ Vibration Source, 13a • Piezoelectric Z electrostrictive element, 1313 • Actuator, 14 • Bar, 15 • Electrode, 20 • Channel.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a discharge unit 1 of the droplet spraying device.
  • the pressure chamber 10 for discharging liquid droplets due to volume reduction in the liquid reservoir is provided with a discharge port 11 having a nozzle hole 1 la which opens outward below one end, and the discharge port 11 is provided.
  • An introduction hole 12 is provided at the other end of the surface, and is connected to the flow path 20 via the introduction hole 12.
  • a vibration source 13 is provided on the body, and is mounted in the lateral direction so as to reach the upper wall of the other pressure chamber 10 which is arranged side by side.
  • the vibration source 13 is a piezoelectric electrostrictive element 13 a in which an upper electrode, a piezoelectric Z electrostrictive layer, and a lower electrode are laminated.
  • a predetermined voltage signal By applying a predetermined voltage signal to the piezoelectric electrostrictive element, the upper electrode and the lower
  • the piezoelectric Z electrostrictive layer is deformed by the electric field generated between the electrodes and the electrodes, and the walls of the plurality of fixed pressure chambers 10 are simultaneously deformed.
  • the liquid supplied to is discharged simultaneously from the discharge port 11 as droplets.
  • FIG. 2A is an explanatory diagram showing another embodiment of FIG.
  • the pressure chamber 10 is provided with a discharge port 11 having a nozzle hole 11 a that opens outward below one end, and an introduction hole 12 at the other end of the surface provided with the discharge port 11. And is connected to the flow channel 20 through the introduction hole 12.
  • the thin portion 10a of the pressure chamber 10 is formed so as to protrude outward, and a concave portion is formed between the thin portion 10a of the other pressure chamber 10 located laterally.
  • a vibration source 13 formed separately is provided above the upper wall portion of the pressure chamber 10, and the lower surface of the vibration source 13 is formed smoothly.
  • the pressure chamber 10 is kept in contact with the thin portion 10a of the pressure chamber 10.
  • the vibration source 13 is also formed in a shape that is long in the lateral direction so as to reach the upper wall of the other pressure chamber 10 that is arranged side by side.
  • the vibration source 13 is an actuator 13b in which piezoelectric Z-electrostrictive elements and electrodes are laminated in multiple layers, and is excellent in low voltage drive and high displacement as a structure that vibrates vertically.
  • the actuator 13b By applying a predetermined voltage signal to the actuator 13b, the lower surface of the vibration source 13 at the position shown in the figure is lowered, and the thin portion 10 a is simultaneously deformed, and the liquid supplied to each pressure chamber 10 is simultaneously discharged as a droplet from the discharge port 11 by the pressure generated in each pressure chamber 1 °.
  • the thin portions 10a of the plurality of pressure chambers 10 also return to the original shape at the same time, and the negative pressure generated in each pressure chamber 10
  • the liquid is supplied from the flow path 20 to each of the pressure chambers 10 through the introduction holes 12 to prepare for the next ejection.
  • droplets are ejected in a spray form.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are explanatory diagrams showing other embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the pressure chamber 10 is provided with a discharge port 11 having a nozzle hole 11 a that opens outward below one end.
  • the upper surface of the other end of the surface provided with the discharge port 11 is provided.
  • a vibration source 13 which is formed separately and a part of which is fixed to a base frame.
  • the portion 10a is formed smoothly.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a positional relationship between the vibration source 13 and the flow path 20.
  • Figure 3 The pair of pressure chambers 10, 10 shown in the figure are arranged side by side, and the vibration source 13 extends along the longitudinal direction of the flow path 20 which is located above and connects to the plurality of pressure chambers 10. It is formed in a shape.
  • This vibration source 13 also has a structure that vibrates up and down as an actuator 13 b.
  • the lower surface of the vibration source 13 at the position shown in the drawing is attached to the mounted base frame.
  • the liquid flows downward into the pressure chambers 10 by the pressure generated in the flow path 20 by deforming the flow path 20, and the supplied liquid is supplied to the discharge port 1 of each pressure chamber 10.
  • the droplets are simultaneously ejected from 1.
  • the flow path 2 also returns to its original shape, and the liquid is supplied to the flow path 20 by the negative pressure to prepare for the next ejection. By repeating this, droplets are ejected in a mist.
  • the pressure chamber 10 is provided with a discharge port 11 having a nozzle hole 11a that opens outward below one end, and an introduction hole 12 provided at the other end of the surface on which the discharge port 11 is provided. It is connected to the flow path 20 via the introduction hole 12.
  • the thin portion 10a of the pressure chamber 10 is formed in an inwardly convex shape, and the cross section located between the thin portion 10a of the other pressure chamber 10 located sideways is relatively formed. It is formed in a positional relationship protruding outward.
  • a vibration source 13 whose lower surface is formed separately and smooth, and in (a) showing a normal state, the lower surface and the upper surface of the bar 14 are provided. It is kept in a positional relationship such that it touches 14a.
  • the vibration source 13 is also formed in a shape that is long in the lateral direction so as to reach the upper wall of the other pressure chambers 10 that are arranged side by side.
  • the vibration source 13 also has a structure that vibrates up and down as the actuator 13 b.
  • the lower surface of the vibration source 13 is lowered to the position shown in FIG.
  • the cross section 14 between the plurality of pressure chambers 10 is simultaneously deformed downward, and the liquid is supplied from the flow path 20 to each pressure chamber 10 by the negative pressure generated by the rectangular deformation of each pressure chamber 10. .
  • the bar 14 Conversely, when the lower surface of the vibration source 13 rises upward and returns to its original position, the bar 14 also returns to its original shape at the same time and is supplied to each pressure chamber 10 by the pressure generated in each pressure chamber 10.
  • the discharged liquid is simultaneously discharged from the discharge port 11 as a droplet. Repeat this By returning, the droplets are ejected in a spray form.
  • the vibration source of the droplet spraying device since at least two or more pressure chambers connected to at least one discharge port are provided for the vibration source of the droplet spraying device, one vibration source is provided.
  • the invention according to claim 2 is the droplet spraying device in which the liquid reservoir and the vibration source are separate bodies. Accordingly, in addition to the above-described effects, the vibration source can be formed separately from the liquid reservoir. For example, the vibration source can be formed separately from the liquid reservoir using a material having a large displacement amount.
  • the toughness is improved and the durability can be increased. Since the material component forming the vibration source does not diffuse to the substrate side having the liquid reservoir, the material of the substrate is stable and the durability is further improved.
  • the invention according to claim 3 is a droplet spraying device in which a part of the vibration source is fixed to a fixed part such as a base frame, and at least a part of the other vibrating part or movable part is in contact with the liquid reservoir. It is. As a result, the vibration of the vibration source is not transmitted to the fixed portion side, but is transmitted to the liquid reservoir more efficiently, and the spray efficiency is improved.
  • the invention according to claim 4 is the droplet spraying device in which the vibration source and the pressure chamber are in contact with each other, and at least one of the contact surfaces is convex. Since the contact surface can be used in many different shapes, it can be selected according to the material of the liquid reservoir and the vibration source, the discharge amount, etc., and the discharge is stabilized.
  • the vibration transmitting surface of the vibration source according to claim 3 is smooth.
  • the vibration transmitting surface of the pressure chamber is a droplet spraying device which is a thin portion protruding outward. A pressure chamber having a thin portion protruding outward can be easily formed by using a conventional method of forming an integrated protruding unit, so that the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
  • the invention according to claim 6 is the droplet spraying device in which the vibration source and the flow path are in contact with each other, and at least one of the contact surfaces is convex. As a result, the volume change due to the application of pressure to the flow path by the vibration source is dispersed to a plurality of volume reduction sections through the introduction holes, and the droplets are ejected. There is no need to attach it, and the production cost can be reduced.
  • the invention according to claim 7 is a droplet spraying device in which the cross section between the pressure chambers comes into contact with the vibration source. As a result, the cross section is thicker in the direction of pressure application and depressurization of the diaphragm than the thin section, and has excellent durability.
  • the invention according to claim 8 is characterized in that the liquid reservoir and the vibration source are separately formed and then integrated so that the vibration of the vibration source is transmitted to the liquid reservoir.
  • This is a method of manufacturing a droplet spraying device provided with two or more pressure chambers.
  • the vibration source and the liquid reservoir can be formed using different materials and different processes.For example, it is possible to form the vibration source with a material having a large displacement amount separately from the conventional firing material for the liquid reservoir.
  • the material of the liquid reservoir can be a metal having high toughness and high durability. And, since the material component forming the vibration source does not diffuse to the substrate side having the liquid reservoir due to the reduced contact area, the substrate material can be stabilized and the durability can be further improved. And the vibration source can be inspected individually, and the reliability is more reliable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Special Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

Le pulvérisateur de gouttelettes de la présente invention comporte une chambre de pressurisation (10) pourvue, d'une part dans le bas de l'une de ses extrémités d'un orifice débiteur (11) présentant un trou de gicleur (11a) ouvrant vers l'extérieur, et d'autre part d'un trou d'introduction (12) à l'autre extrémité de la surface où l'orifice débiteur (11) est réalisé. Le trou d'introduction (12) communique avec un passage d'écoulement (20). Un vibreur (13) intégré latéralement à la zone supérieure de la paroi de la chambre de pressurisation (10) aboutit à la partie supérieure de paroi d'autres chambres de pressurisation (10) disposées latéralement en parallèle les unes par rapport aux autres. L'ébranlement du vibreur (13) provoque des déformations simultanées les zones en parois des chambres de pressurisation (10) solidaires du vibreur. Ainsi, sous l'effet de la force de pressurisation, on débite de façon simultanée en gouttelettes depuis chaque orifice débiteur (11) le liquide arrivant dans chaque chambre de pressurisation (10). L'excitation du vibreur suffit ainsi à débiter simultanément le liquide depuis la pluralité d'orifices débiteurs. On dispose de marges de tolérance plus grandes pour la conception. En outre, le déplacement obtenu est plus important que selon les procédés antérieurs du fait que le vibreur lui-même est de plus grandes dimensions. On peut enfin utiliser divers matériaux permettant de pulvériser une grande quantité de liquide.
PCT/JP2000/004416 1999-07-27 2000-07-03 Pulverisateur de gouttelettes et procede de fabrication de ce pulverisateur WO2001007172A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20000942457 EP1125640A1 (fr) 1999-07-27 2000-07-03 Pulverisateur de gouttelettes et procede de fabrication de ce pulverisateur

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP21281699A JP2001041117A (ja) 1999-07-27 1999-07-27 液滴噴霧装置及びその製造方法
JP11/212816 1999-07-27

Publications (1)

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WO2001007172A1 true WO2001007172A1 (fr) 2001-02-01

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JP (1) JP2001041117A (fr)
WO (1) WO2001007172A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5490416A (en) * 1977-12-27 1979-07-18 Mikuni Kogyo Co Ltd Method of supplying fuel to internal combustion engine
EP0225269A1 (fr) * 1985-10-28 1987-06-10 Georges Verdot Modulateur par déplacement de phase MAQ 22n et, en particulier, modulateur MDP4
JPH03178444A (ja) * 1989-06-23 1991-08-02 Nec Home Electron Ltd インクジェット・プリンタ

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5490416A (en) * 1977-12-27 1979-07-18 Mikuni Kogyo Co Ltd Method of supplying fuel to internal combustion engine
EP0225269A1 (fr) * 1985-10-28 1987-06-10 Georges Verdot Modulateur par déplacement de phase MAQ 22n et, en particulier, modulateur MDP4
JPH03178444A (ja) * 1989-06-23 1991-08-02 Nec Home Electron Ltd インクジェット・プリンタ

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EP1125640A1 (fr) 2001-08-22
JP2001041117A (ja) 2001-02-13

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