WO2001002081A1 - Sistema combinado de eliminacion de contaminantes de efluentes gaseosos - Google Patents
Sistema combinado de eliminacion de contaminantes de efluentes gaseosos Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001002081A1 WO2001002081A1 PCT/MX2000/000025 MX0000025W WO0102081A1 WO 2001002081 A1 WO2001002081 A1 WO 2001002081A1 MX 0000025 W MX0000025 W MX 0000025W WO 0102081 A1 WO0102081 A1 WO 0102081A1
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- Prior art keywords
- pollutants
- removal
- further characterized
- gaseous effluents
- module
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/36—Controlling flow of gases or vapour
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D49/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by other methods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
- B03C1/023—Separation using Lorentz force, i.e. deflection of electrically charged particles in a magnetic field
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
- B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
- B03C3/12—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by separation of ionising and collecting stations
Definitions
- the present invention is related to the techniques for the removal of pollutants, and more particularly, it is related to a combined system for the removal of pollutants from gaseous effluents.
- Air pollutants can also cause pollution in soils and ecosystems because they travel very easily and quickly. Air pollutants can be classified in different ways, either considering the emitting source or the physical and chemical characteristics of these emissions.
- the control of air pollution implies basic knowledge to establish adequate criteria in order to keep the air clean; ability to relate air quality to emission levels; establishment of emission limits or other control standards; means to measure emissions and air quality, and availability of practical techniques to reduce emissions that pollute it.
- practical techniques for reducing emissions even though there has been increasing attention to the modifications of processes that reduce pollutant emissions, there is also great confidence in the physical processes of eliminating said pollutants from them.
- Devices for cleaning the air of particles from stationary sources are basically based on some form of aerodynamic capture, such as inertial impact, direct interception and diffusion, although some equipment uses electrical and thermal forces, chemical reactions, and applications of principles such as absorption, adsorption, condensation, etc.
- Mexican Patent No. 131020 refers to a device for purifying the air that has at least one particle filter module on one of its walls and an activated carbon filter module; wherein the filter module comprises a filter for fine particles and one for coarse particles.
- 188350 comprising a housing with an air inlet and an outlet for the same, as well as a filter medium disposed within the housing between the air inlet and outlet; in such a way that when the air passes through said housing, the particles are retained thanks to the filter medium.
- Variants include bag filters, which are capable of handling particles with diameters smaller than 1 micron; however, they have the disadvantage that the maximum operating temperature is 500 ° F and generate pressure drops greater than 4 inh ⁇ O, although they reach efficiencies around 99% in addition to requiring little space for operation.
- An additional drawback of these filters is the high sensitivity of the bags to humidity, filtration speed and temperature.
- wet collectors that separate particles and operate thanks to the contact between the particles contained in a gas stream with a liquid.
- Wet collectors generally use water in the form of tiny droplets that come into contact with pollutants from the gas stream; The separation is due to the collision between the particles suspended in the gas stream and the small drops of water.
- the wet collectors are mainly the spreader towers, which reach efficiencies close to 80%. Examples of application of these techniques can be found in Mexican Patent Applications Nos. 9603017, 9600105 and 9301564.
- Electrostatic precipitation is the most important technique in particle separation.
- the particles present in a gaseous current are electrically charged by means of a high voltage discharge from an electrode, and collected in collection plates with polarity opposite.
- Electrostatic precipitators can reach 99% efficiencies under optimal conditions, but their performance is still low under unfavorable conditions.
- Electrostatic precipitators are capable of retaining particles whose diameter is less than 1 micron, operating in a temperature range between 40 and 850 ° F; In general, electrostatic precipitators have pressure drops of less than 1 inh ⁇ O and operate with efficiencies close to 99%.
- the electric discharge plate and the particle collection surface can be considered as main components; The separation occurs when the particles are charged, either positively or negatively, with high voltage and, subsequently, allow the charged particle to be attracted to the collecting surface that has a charge opposite to that of the particle.
- electrostatic filter devices those described in US patents US 3967939, US 4140498, US 4194888, US 4202674, US 4626262, US 4675029, US 5039318, US 5050377, US 5121601, US 5147423, US
- filters in general, are used only to remove suspended particles, and not to remove other types of contaminants, for example, of a gaseous type.
- 180969 refers to an apparatus for separating pollutants from the environment, characterized in that it comprises a series of consecutive chambers that separate and retain contaminating particles; a first chamber for the reception of the air and which is provided with horizontal grilles with its openings covered by prefilters that remain wet thanks to a system of water spray tubes; a second chamber that directs the air and prevents the generation of turbulence; a third chamber comprising a plurality of deposit trays that have been previously bathed in a solution that allows said solid particles to be retained as well as a steel mesh covered by a filter medium to trap solid particles that were not retained by the mentioned trays; and, a fourth chamber that receives the clean air from the third chamber to be siphoned outwards.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a combined system for the removal of pollutants from gaseous effluents that can operate satisfactorily in extreme environmental conditions, without presenting considerable changes or variations in their efficiency.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a combined system for the removal of pollutants from gaseous effluents that, by means of a quick and simple operation, allows the maintenance and / or exchange of its internal components. It is also a further object of the present invention, to provide a combined system for the removal of pollutants from gaseous effluents that is extremely flexible to allow their manufacture in a wide variety of materials and shapes according to specific requirements.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a combined system for removal of pollutants from gaseous effluents that disappears visible contaminant particles that are suspended in the atmosphere.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a combined system for the elimination of pollutants from gaseous effluents that allows reducing physical discomfort in people, generated by exposure to atmospheres with high concentrations of pollutants.
- Figure 1 is a block diagram of the combined system for removal of pollutants from gaseous effluents, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a top plan view of a preferred embodiment of a device for removal of pollutants from gaseous effluents that operates based on the system of Figure 1.
- Figure 3A is a left side view of the gas supply module of the device of Figure 2.
- Figure 3B is a front view of the gas supply module of Figure 3A.
- Figure 4A is a side view of the heat diffusion and molecular destabilization module of the device of Figure 2.
- Figure 4B is a cross-sectional sectional view of the heat diffusion and molecular destabilization module of Figure 4A.
- Figure 5A is a side view of the electronic bombardment module of the device of Figure 2.
- Figure 5B is a top plan view of the electronic bombardment module of Figure 5A.
- Figure 5C is a front view of the electronic bombardment module of Figure 5A.
- Figure 5D is a rear view of the electronic bombardment module of Figure 5A.
- Figure 5E is a schematic diagram of the Venturi principle used in the electronic bombardment module of Figure 5A to generate turbulence.
- Figure 6 is a side view of the magnetic molecular rearrangement module of the device of Figure 2.
- Figure 7A is a side view of the electrostatic interaction module of the device of Figure 2.
- Figure 7B is a front view of the electrostatic interaction module of Figure 7A.
- Figure 8A is a left side view of the gas ejection module of the device of Figure 2.
- Figure 8B is a front view of the gas ejection module of Figure 8A.
- the combined system for elimination of pollutants from gaseous effluents of the present invention has as its main function to alter the primary composition of a gaseous stream, giving its molecules physical characteristics that allow their retention and / or transformation to a high degree, thus achieving a considerable reduction in pollutants.
- Figure 1 a block diagram of the combined system for removal of pollutants from gaseous effluents of the present invention is shown, which generally comprises means for carrying out the following operations: heat diffusion and molecular destabilization 100; electronic bombardment 200; 300 molecular molecular rearrangement; e, electrostatic interaction 400.
- the operation of the system consists in subjecting a stream of contaminated gases 1 to a molecular destabilization operation 100, in which the flow of gases is restricted in such a way that causes the molecules of the gases and the particles suspended therein to tend to Separate and destabilize electronically, while lowering the temperature of the same gases.
- This operation 100 allows the electronic bombing operation 200 to greatly increase its efficiency, because the bombed electrons can affect the molecules more easily.
- the electronic bombardment 200 is carried out by means of the use of current intensities and voltages such that they provide sufficient energy for the formation of chemical bonds between the gaseous molecules, including ionic, thus forming compounds that, by the combined effect of the decrease of the temperature due to the operation 100 with the increase in molecular weight, they condense or precipitate, in addition to the ionization that is generated inherently to the electronic bombardment in those molecules that fail to condense.
- a magnetic molecular rearrangement operation 300 is carried out, which consists in subjecting the gases to a magnetic field that has a force such that it achieves a rearrangement of the subparticles and molecules of greater weight and therefore a selective separation that prepares the gas stream for the operation of electrostatic interaction 400.
- the electrostatic interaction 400 is improved due to the selective separation performed by the magnetic molecular rearrangement 300.
- the treated gases 2 can be subjected again to the operations of electronic bombardment 200, magnetic molecular rearrangement 300 and electrostatic filtration 400, as many times as desired, achieving with each repetition a greater decrease in the concentration of pollutants, the only limiting being economic convenience.
- the heat diffusion and molecular destabilization operation is designed to decrease the temperature of the contaminated gas stream 1 on a scale of approximately 30 to 50 ° C and generate a turbulent flow with a Reynolds number approximately 10 "12 to 1; electronic bombardment 200 is designed to use direct current with a voltage on the scale of approximately 500 to 80000 Volts, and an approximate current intensity of 2 ⁇ A to 2 A; and,
- the magnetic molecular rearrangement operation 300 is designed to generate a magnetic field of 0.5 to 3 militeslas.It should also be noted that it has surprisingly been found that when using the preferred current intensities and voltages, results are obtained superior to those achieved. so far through electronic bombardment systems of the prior art.
- the system of the present invention does not produce ozone as long as there is no significant amount of molecular oxygen present, that is, when the gases entering the system contain less than 15% oxygen.
- the system of the present invention allows eliminating those hydrocarbons that participate in the reactions of ozone formation in the atmosphere, thus avoiding atmospheric ozone pollution.
- the system of the present invention can be used to manufacture a device for the removal of pollutants from gaseous effluents 1000, which can be seen in Figure 2.
- Figure 2 shows a top plan view of the device 1000, in which they can be observe the following modules: a gas supply module 1100; a 1200 heat diffusion and molecular destabilization module; a 1300 electronic bombardment module; a magnetic molecular rearrangement module 1400; an electrostatic interaction module 1500; and, a gas ejection module 1600.
- the gas supply module 1100 has the function of generating a positive pressure so that the gases to be treated can flow through it.
- the gas supply module 1100 is preferably a blower that includes a propeller 1110 with a plurality of blades 1111, which is coupled to means. 1120 drives, preferably an electric motor, which has the ability to introduce the gases to the device 1000, said blower being preferably contained within a rectangular chamber 1130.
- the gas supply module includes a control means for adjusting the volumetric flow of the gases to a suitable value for their treatment.
- the heat diffusion and molecular destabilization module 1200 has the function of decreasing the temperature of the gases and increasing the turbulence of its flow, in order to generate a destabilization of the molecules. This is achieved, as can be seen in Figures 4A and 4B, by passing the gases through a plurality of microtubules 1210 which are in turn inside a conduit 1220.
- the conduit 1220 includes 3 sections with microtubules 1210, said microtubules having an internal diameter preferably of approximately 0.5 to 5 mm.
- the dimensions of the conduit 1220 and the microtubules 1210 are a function of the volumetric flow of the gases undergoing treatment, although it is preferred to only change the dimensions of the conduit 1220.
- the conduit 1220 has a section circular cross section, as can be seen in Figure 4B and includes an arrangement that allows 3 steps through the microtubules.
- the heat diffusion and molecular destabilization module 1200 includes first coupling means 1230 and second coupling means 1240, to allow the union of module 1200 with module 1100 and module 1300.
- the electronic bombardment module 1300 in accordance with the embodiment described, is formed by a plurality of contiguous sealed chambers 1310 interconnected in series by a plurality of means of flow restriction 1320 which, in addition to generating a better distribution of the gases in each chamber, directs the flow of gases in a way that requires the least space for the passage of the gases through the largest number of chambers 1310 possible, said chambers having dimensions which depend on the volumetric flow of the gas stream and include at least a pair of electronic bombardment elements 1330, preferably, the dimensions of the chambers being such that they allow a residence time of the gases in each chamber on the scale of 0.3 to 10 seconds, approximately.
- the electronic bombardment elements 1330 are electrically connected to a direct electric current source 1360 (shown in Figure 2) that provides a voltage in the range of approximately 500 to 80000 Volts, and an approximate current intensity of 2 ⁇ A to 2 A.
- a direct current alternating current rectifier is used to provide the electrical energy necessary for the operation of the 1300 module.
- the electronic bombardment elements 1330 are manufactured using materials preferably selected from copper, gold, nickel, tungsten, silver, tungsten, platinum, palladium, stainless steel, combinations and / or alloys thereof.
- the chamber 1311 that receives the gases coming from the module 1200 includes a gas inlet port 1312 to the electronic bombardment module 1300, while the last chamber 1313, includes a gas outlet port 1314.
- the holes 1312 and 1314 are respectively coupled to assembly means 1340 and
- the flow restriction means 1320 allow the flow pattern shown in Figure 5E to be formed, that is, a Venturi type turbulence.
- the flow restriction means are selected between orifices and valves, preferably check valves (known as "check" type).
- the placement of the chambers 1310 as well as the electronic bombardment elements 1330 is defined so as to avoid the formation of voltaic arcs or short circuits, maintaining a geometry that allows to generate an adequate electronic bombardment atmosphere.
- the chambers 1310 include means for draining liquids, by means of which liquids that condense due to electronic bombardment are eliminated.
- FIG. 6 shows the configuration of the magnetic molecular rearrangement module 1400, which comprises a conduit 1410 and electromagnetic means generating a magnetic field.
- a conduit 1410 of circular cross-section is preferably used which includes a plurality of windings 1420 in order to form a plurality of solenoid-type electromagnetic arrangements by means of the conduit-windings assembly, said windings having an equivalent distance from each other. to the internal diameter of the conduit 1410.
- the electrical energy is supplied to the arrangement described in such a way that a positive magnetic pole (south) 1430 is formed on the side of the module 1400 which is interconnected to the module 1300, while on the side interconnected to the module 1500 a negative magnetic pole (north) 1440 is formed (See also figure 2).
- the magnetic molecular rearrangement module 1400 also includes an electric current source (not shown in the figures) that provides the electric current necessary to generate a magnetic field of 0.05 to 3 militeslas, achieving a rearrangement of the subparticles and molecules of greater weight and therefore a selective separation that prepares the gas stream for the entrance to the module 1500.
- the electrostatic interaction module 1500 shown in Figures 7A and 7B generally comprises an electrostatic filter 1510; first coupling means 1520 and second coupling means 1530.
- the electrostatic filter comprises a pair of electrically charged filters 1511 and 1512 with opposite charges, respectively, preferably with a mesh size of 5 to 50 microns, approximately, preferably 10, in the middle of which a mechanical filter 1513 is found, preferably with a mesh of 95% to 98.5% smaller than the mesh used for the pair of filters 1511 and 1512.
- the material in which the filters are manufactured It is whatever is likely to be electrically charged, preferably steel.
- the first coupling means 1520 allows the module 1500 to be connected to the module 1400, isolating both modules to avoid any electrical interference; while the second coupling means 1530 allows the union of the module 1500 with the module 1600.
- the first and second coupling means 1520 and 1530 have a design that allows the electrostatic filter to be easily removed, since due to the electrostatic attraction generated by the positive and negative charges, filters 1511 and 1512 are saturated by the association of particles with opposite charge in the material thereof, making their replacement necessary.
- the electrostatic interaction module 1500 also includes an electric current source (not shown in the figures) that provides the electric current necessary to generate a positive charge of +5 to +50 KV, approximately, as well as a negative charge between -5 and -50 KV, approximately, preferably a positive charge of +25 KV approximately and a negative charge of -15 KV approximately.
- an electric current source not shown in the figures
- the gas expulsion module 1600 is shown, which has the function of generating a negative pressure to induce the exit of the gases once treated towards the outside of the device.
- the gas ejection module 1600 is preferably a blower that includes a propeller 1610 with a plurality of blades 1611, which is coupled to driving means 1620, preferably an electric motor, which has the capacity to inducing the exit of the gases from the device 1000, said blower being preferably contained within a rectangular chamber 1140.
- the gas supply module includes a control means for adjusting the volumetric flow of the gases to a suitable value for their treatment.
- the treated gases leaving the gas expulsion module 1600 are introduced again into a device that does not include the heat dispersion and molecular destabilization module 1200, whereby the module
- the 1600 includes coupling means 1630.
- the coupling means of the different modules are preferably selected from fastening and / or connection means.
- Preferred means are flanges; bearings; assemblies; thyme; welding; steaks; chamfers; rivets; and / or combinations thereof.
- each of the electrical current sources of the device modules includes a computer control and various electrical and electronic protection circuits, to achieve operation of the type that is considered intrinsically safe.
- the same power source is shared to supply all the modules of the device that require it.
- Table I shows the size of the peaks obtained according to the results of a gas spectrophotometry, using a chromatographic column of the PORAPAK-N type at 200 ° C, at the Institute
- Total Percent reduction of pollutants due to the treatment determined by the AT-1000 column.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/019,662 US6709490B1 (en) | 1999-07-02 | 2000-06-30 | Combined system for removing contaminants from gas effluents |
AU57136/00A AU5713600A (en) | 1999-07-02 | 2000-06-30 | Combined system for removing contaminants from gas effluents |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
MX996261 | 1999-07-02 | ||
MXPA/A/1999/006261A MXPA99006261A (es) | 1999-07-02 | Sistema combinado de eliminacion de contaminantes de efluentes gaseosos |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001002081A1 true WO2001002081A1 (es) | 2001-01-11 |
Family
ID=19745108
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/MX2000/000025 WO2001002081A1 (es) | 1999-07-02 | 2000-06-30 | Sistema combinado de eliminacion de contaminantes de efluentes gaseosos |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6709490B1 (es) |
AU (1) | AU5713600A (es) |
ES (1) | ES2244265B1 (es) |
WO (1) | WO2001002081A1 (es) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111111927A (zh) * | 2020-02-06 | 2020-05-08 | 张家口三叶草环境技术有限公司 | 一种静电式油烟净化器 |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2555603C (en) * | 2004-02-11 | 2012-04-03 | Jean-Pierre Lepage | System for treating contaminated gas |
FR2877692B1 (fr) * | 2004-11-09 | 2007-05-11 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Filtre a particules pour ligne d'echappement de moteur diesel de vehicule automobile |
US20100189606A1 (en) * | 2009-01-23 | 2010-07-29 | Ryan Thomas Burleson | Elemental Separation Process |
US8317901B2 (en) | 2010-02-26 | 2012-11-27 | Empire Technology Development Llc | Nanoparticle filtration |
US8961651B1 (en) * | 2010-10-01 | 2015-02-24 | Halit Gokturk | Reduction of air pollution by utilizing electron affinity of pollutants |
US9468888B2 (en) | 2012-09-09 | 2016-10-18 | (E)Mission Control Technologies, Llc | System and methods for removing contaminants from gas effluents |
WO2015034810A2 (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2015-03-12 | (E)Mission Control Technologies, Llc | System and methods for removing contaminants from gas effluents |
CN103949344B (zh) * | 2014-05-14 | 2016-08-17 | 武汉永磁科技有限公司 | 磁偏转高压脉冲除尘净化器 |
HK1205412A2 (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2015-12-11 | 丽风国际有限公司 | An apparatus to purify fresh air using biodegradable filter |
US11939245B2 (en) | 2017-10-13 | 2024-03-26 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Alternating magnetic field systems and methods for generating nanobubbles |
WO2019075480A1 (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2019-04-18 | The Regents Of The University Of California | ALTERNATIVE MAGNETIC FIELD SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF GENERATING NANOBULLES |
CN107866117A (zh) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-04-03 | 赵凤兰 | 水膜板滤除装置 |
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- 2000-06-30 US US10/019,662 patent/US6709490B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-30 AU AU57136/00A patent/AU5713600A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-06-30 ES ES200250001A patent/ES2244265B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN111111927A (zh) * | 2020-02-06 | 2020-05-08 | 张家口三叶草环境技术有限公司 | 一种静电式油烟净化器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2244265A1 (es) | 2005-12-01 |
US6709490B1 (en) | 2004-03-23 |
ES2244265B1 (es) | 2007-03-01 |
AU5713600A (en) | 2001-01-22 |
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