WO2000073981A1 - Enregistrement d'informations - Google Patents

Enregistrement d'informations Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000073981A1
WO2000073981A1 PCT/SE2000/001087 SE0001087W WO0073981A1 WO 2000073981 A1 WO2000073981 A1 WO 2000073981A1 SE 0001087 W SE0001087 W SE 0001087W WO 0073981 A1 WO0073981 A1 WO 0073981A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
code
information
symbols
position code
product according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2000/001087
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Christer FÅHRAEUS
Original Assignee
Anoto Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from SE9901953A external-priority patent/SE9901953L/xx
Priority claimed from SE0001239A external-priority patent/SE0001239L/xx
Application filed by Anoto Ab filed Critical Anoto Ab
Priority to CA002374808A priority Critical patent/CA2374808C/fr
Priority to JP2001500212A priority patent/JP4785310B2/ja
Priority to EP00937465A priority patent/EP1188142A1/fr
Priority to AU52635/00A priority patent/AU5263500A/en
Publication of WO2000073981A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000073981A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/033—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor
    • G06F3/0354—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor with detection of 2D relative movements between the device, or an operating part thereof, and a plane or surface, e.g. 2D mice, trackballs, pens or pucks
    • G06F3/03545—Pens or stylus
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/0304—Detection arrangements using opto-electronic means
    • G06F3/0317—Detection arrangements using opto-electronic means in co-operation with a patterned surface, e.g. absolute position or relative movement detection for an optical mouse or pen positioned with respect to a coded surface
    • G06F3/0321—Detection arrangements using opto-electronic means in co-operation with a patterned surface, e.g. absolute position or relative movement detection for an optical mouse or pen positioned with respect to a coded surface by optically sensing the absolute position with respect to a regularly patterned surface forming a passive digitiser, e.g. pen optically detecting position indicative tags printed on a paper sheet
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F23/00—Advertising on or in specific articles, e.g. ashtrays, letter-boxes
    • G09F23/06—Advertising on or in specific articles, e.g. ashtrays, letter-boxes the advertising matter being combined with articles for restaurants, shops or offices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a product intended to be used m connection with the recording of information of the kind stated m the preamble to claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a system for recording mfor- mation, a method for making a product for recording of information and an electronic storage medium for computers, on which software for the same purpose is stored.
  • touch screens showing various dishes which a customer may order.
  • the restaurant staff use these touch screens for entering orders which they take from the customer and for transmitting the orders to the kitchen where they are subsequently prepared.
  • touch screens are relatively expensive and, consequently, restaurants usually only have a few of these screens.
  • the touch screens are usually stationary, which means that staff members must stand m a particular location when entering the orders. Accordingly, m most cases customers cannot see which order is being entered and, consequently, they cannot check that the order they have placed has been entered correctly. Similar problems exist m, for example, the hotel industry and other industries where touch screens are used to take orders .
  • the patent discloses a device intended to be placed on each table m a restaurant and to be used by customers for entering their order.
  • the device comprises a menu and an optical reading pen.
  • the menu contains various food and drink alternatives, each alternative being associated with a barcode.
  • the customer passes the optical reading pen across the barcode of the dish she wishes to order and the order is transmitted to the kitchen where staff check whether they can fill the order. If the order can be filled, a confirmation is transmitted to the customer m the form of an indicator light on the pen lighting up m green colour. If the order cannot be filled, a red light comes on and the customer is obliged to chose a different dish.
  • each partial order is identified m a traditional manner with a short desc ⁇ p- tion and a price.
  • the partial order is provided with an ID number which indicates the number of the table in the restaurant and a serial number of the partial order.
  • the ID number is also coded with a bar code.
  • a bar code reader is used to read the bar codes which correspond to the partial orders for the guest at issue.
  • the bar codes are transferred to a computer which has stored the partial orders and which, on the basis of table number and serial number, can identify the partial order and the price thereof.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a information recording system which is flexible at least to the same extent as or preferably to a greater extent than the above described bar code system.
  • a product which is intended for use in connection with the recording of information and which has a surface on which there are a plurality of inforrra- tion alternatives, each having an associated code area
  • the surface is provided with a two-dimensional positic code which codes coordinates for a plurality of positions on the surface m said code areas, which is unrelated to the information which is to be recorded and which permits recording of a desired information alternative ny reading the position code for a position m the code area associated with the desired information alternative.
  • the surface can be any surface to which a position code can be applied, for example by printing.
  • Tne code is preferably applied to the surface from the outset, before adding the information alternatives. Alternatively, it can be applied simultaneously as the information alternatives or even after they have been applied.
  • a code area is associated with each information alternative.
  • the code area can be adjacent to the mfor- mation alternative or overlap it completely or partially.
  • the information alternatives and their code areas should be arranged so that it is obvious to the user which pair of information alternative and code area belong together, enabling the user to record an information alternative by reading the code m the code area associated with the information alternative.
  • two-dimensional position code is further meant that the code codes coordinates m two dimensions for positions on the surface. Examples of advantageous position codes are stated m the specific description portion. Other two-dimensional position codes are also conceivable .
  • the position code is unrelated to the information that is to be recorded. Thus there is no fixed connection between code and information alternative. By this is meant that the code does not code the actual information, but merely positions on the surface, so tnat it is via the position on the surface that the connection to various information alternatives can be made. Obviously the same position code can be used for recording arbi- trary information. No change of the code on the surface has to be made when changing the information alternatives, but the connection between position and information can be available m, for example, the memory of a computer where the connection is easy to change. In this way, a very flexible product is obtained.
  • a further advantage of the product according to the invention is that the two-dimensional position code renders it possible to make handwritten notes on the surface and to record these handwritten notes digitally by continuously reading the position code.
  • the handwritten notes are thus represented as a number of positions.
  • This confirmation can also be obtained when recording merely information alternatives if the device has a pen point since m that case the pen point will make a mark m the position m which the user has read the posi- tion code.
  • the position code covers the entire surface from which the information is to be recorded, m which case the position code thus codes positions with a certain resolution across the entire surface, a user can easily make products with arbitrary information alternatives and arbitrary layout, which products allow recording of the information alternatives by reading the position code.
  • the two-dimensional position code can advantageously code a plurality of positions within each code area. All these positions then identify one and the same information alternative and it is thus sufficient that a record- mg device reads the position code somewhere m the code area to record the associated information alternative.
  • the position code can advantageously overlap at least one, and preferably each, information alternative. This means that no specific space for the position code is required. It also renders the product more esthetical- ly pleasing.
  • the product easier to use for inexperienced users, first because the user intuitively points to the information he is interested m and second because it is sufficient to point to a single spot on the desired information alternative. However, it may be sufficient to point to a spot adjacent to a desired information alternative, if the code area extends outside the actual information alternative. Thus, any hesitance about which code to be read m order to record an information alternative is eliminated. As mentioned aoove , the position code advantageously extends across the entire surface of the product. Consequently, information is recorded from the entire surface and information alternatives are added later m areas m which there was no information from the outset.
  • the position code is based on a first string of symbols which contains a first predetermined number of symbols and which has the characteristic that if a second predetermined number of symcols is taken from the first string of symbols, tne location of these symbols m the first string of symbols is unambiguously determined.
  • This first string of symbols can be used to determine the position m a first dimension on the surface.
  • the string of symbols is advantageous since it has a so- called window characteristic.
  • a window and, thus, a position are defined by said second predetermined number of symbols, but it is sufficient to move to the next symbol for a new position to be defined.
  • it is pos- sible to provide a high resolution and a code where it is only necessary to enter exactly the number of symbols that defines a position.
  • the position code can advantageously be based on a second string of symbols having the same characteristic as the first string of symbols, the second string of symbols being used to determine the position m a second dimension on the surface.
  • the position code being based on strings of symbols with a finite number of symbols arranged m a pre- determined order, it is possible to define a "formula" for determining the position. In this way, only a small amount of memory space is required for storing the strings of symbols and the position determination can oe carried out quickly and easily.
  • the position code advantageously has the characteristic that each arbitrary partial surface which has a predetermined magnitude on the surface and contains the position code defines a position.
  • Such a position code can be implemented, for example, by means of the above-mentioned strings of symbols and is advantageous to use m this connection since it is sufficient to read the position code m an arbitrary position m the code area. The user need not strive to enter a specific area, which is the case when recording bar codes .
  • the position code is advantageously composed of symbols which represent at least two different values, each symbol comprising a raster point which is included m a raster extending across the surface, and at least one marking, the value of each symbol being indicated by the location of said marking m relation to a raster point.
  • This design of the position code is advantageous by being easy to detect and decode by image processing since only one type of symbol, i.e. one marking, need be located. This means that each marking can be made small, which m turn means that the position code need not blacken the surface very much and that the position code thus can be discreet and not disturbing to the human eye.
  • the position code can advantageously constitute a subset of a second position code which defines coordi- nates for points on a larger imaginary surface.
  • the coordinates thus need not have an origin of coordinates on the product .
  • An external unit to which recorded positions are transferred for identification of associated information alternatives can then distinguish positions from different products or applications.
  • the position code can be implemented m various ways on the surface, e.g with the aid of a magnetic or chemi- cal material. However, preferably it is implemented in such a way that it is optically readable. It can be optically readable m light which is outside the visible range .
  • the product is in the shape of a sheet.
  • the sheet can, for example, be made of paper or some other material to which codes can be applied. In that way, the product w ll be very inexpensive and can be of the disposable kind.
  • the menu and the placemat can, for example, be combined into one sheet which is replaced for each new customer.
  • the information alternatives can be indicated by means of written characters or graphic symbols or m some other way which makes it possible for the user to understand which information alternative is intended.
  • the surface is provided with at least one writing area, said position code overlapping the writing area and coding coordinates for a plurality of positions m the writing area.
  • the writing area can be used to make handwritten notes which are recorded digitally by means of the position code.
  • the writing area need not be associated with an information alternative but can be a specific coordinate area which is dedicated to handwritten notes.
  • the writing area is associated with an information alternative and constitutes part of the code area of the information alternative.
  • a user can then tick off, for example, a relevant alternative or write a note, such as a digit, which is associated with the information alternative. If only the information alternative is to be recorded, this can be made later by reading the position code m the relevant code area. If the actual note is also to be recorded, the position code must be read while making the note.
  • the product can be particularly used m connection with orders and then the information alternatives const1- tute order alternatives.
  • the term order relates to purchase or reservation of a product, such as a dish, a holiday trip, or reservation of a seat m a theatre.
  • positions within a code area can define one and the same information alternative.
  • these positions jointly define a partial surface or a field on the surface. If the code area overlaps the information alternative, the position code m the code area will thus define the field on the surface in which the information alternative witn which the position code is associated is stated.
  • the invention can also be described as a system for recording of information.
  • the system comprises on the one hand a product according to any one of claims 1-16; and on the other hand a device for recording one of said information alternatives, said device comprising a sensor for reading the position code m the code area associated with said information alternative and processor means with software for interpreting the read position code for identifying the position which corresponds to the read position code.
  • the device can, as its output signal, give position coordinates.
  • the position coor- dmates are preferably transferred to an external unit with software which on the basis of the position coordinates determines the corresponding information alternative.
  • the device itself can contain software for determining which information alternative corre- sponds to the position coordinates.
  • the system may contain a table or some other memory structure which can store an information alternative for each code area on the surface.
  • the memory structure can be available m the recording device or m the external unit .
  • the device can be provided with a pen point. In this case, the system is suitably provided with software for interpreting notes that are made with the pen point and recorded by means of the position code.
  • the invention relates to a method of making a product for recording of mforma- tion, comprising the steps of creating a surface with a two-dimensional position code, which codes coordinates for a plurality of positions on the surface, applying a plurality of information alternatives which are unrelated to the position code on the surface, determining, for each information alternative, a code area m which reading of the position code is to result m recording of this information alternative, and associating this code area with the information alternative m a memory structure .
  • the step of creating a surface with a two-dimensional position code can be carried out by the user obtaining, for example, a sheet of paper with a pre- printed position code.
  • the position code can be written on the sheet by means of a printer and a computer before or after applying the information alternatives .
  • the method can comprise additional steps that are used to make a product which besides has one or more of the additional features described above.
  • the invention relates to a storage medium for a computer, on which software is stored for carrying out the steps according to the metnod above .
  • the storage medium can be any storage medium for computer programs, such as a RAM, a diskette, disk or some other type of memory with which a computer can cooperate .
  • the advantages of this software are evident from that stated above.
  • the present invention can obviously be applied within a number of different areas where graphical user interfaces are used. Examples of such areas are travel bookings, cinema ticket reservations, and hotel reserva- tions.
  • the invention can also be used for all types for recording of information, particularly m cases where the information is normally first recorded on paper and then input to a computer and m cases where touch screens are used.
  • preprinted forms with position code and information alternatives can be generated and the information alternatives then be easily recorded by reading the position code.
  • Handwritten notes can also be made .
  • Fig. 1 shows an empty menu with code areas with a 2-d ⁇ mens ⁇ onal code.
  • Fig. 2 shows the same menu as m Fig. 1, but with added order alternatives which overlap the code areas.
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically a sheet of paper which is provided with a subset of an absolute position-coding pattern.
  • Fig. 4 shows schematically how symbols included m the absolute position-coding pattern can be composed.
  • Fig. 5 shows schematically an example of 4 x 4 symbols that are used to code a position.
  • Fig. 6 shows a device for recording an order alternative from the menu m Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 7 shows schematically a system according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 8 shows schematically a flow chart for software for making the product.
  • Fig. 9 shows a menu with order alternatives and associated code areas which do not overlap the order alternatives . Description of Preferred Embodiments
  • Fig. 1 shows a sheet 1, constituting an empty menu and having a surface 2, which is divided into twelve fields 3, to which different order alternatives can be added. All the fields 3 comprise a two-dimensional position code 4 of a type that will be described m more detail below.
  • the position code is located m code areas 5 which m this case completely overlap the fields 3.
  • the position code 4 is only drawn m one part of one of the fields, but it is meant to extend across the entire surface 2. It codes the coordinates for a plurality of positions m each field 3.
  • the fields 3 can be predefined or they can be defined by the user.
  • Order alternatives can be written m the fields on the sheet 1 by hand or with the aid of a computer, m which case the sheet is placed m a printer. Any order alternative can be written m the fields 5.
  • the only thing the user must do is to connect the fields to the order alternatives, which can preferably be carried out by means of a simple computer program. In this case, the connection is effected by associating, with the aid of a table structure, all the positions which are located within a certain field and which are coded by the position code m this field with the order alternative written m this field on the menu. In some fields no order alternatives are added and these are associated with a suitable indication of the fact that there is no order alternative m that field.
  • Fig. 2 shows an example of a menu with order alternatives added m the form of various dishes and beverages which are written m text format.
  • all the positions coded by the position code m the fourth field from the top are associated with the order alternative "Vegetable Soup".
  • the restaurant can subsequently change the order alternative m the same field to, for example, "Avocado" without changing the coding on the sheet, by simply changing the connection from the positions coded by the position code m the field from "Vegetable Soup" to "Avocado".
  • the position code m Figs 1 and 2 is made up of symbols of a first and second type 6a, 6b and more specifically of dots of two different sizes, the dots 6a having the larger diameter representing a one and the dots 6b having the smaller diameter representing a zero.
  • the position code is only shown on a small part of the menus in Figs 1 and 2.
  • the symbols 6a, 6b have been very much enlarged and made clearly visible.
  • the code can be completely invisible to the eye or at least a great deal more discreet m order not to spoil the appearance of the product.
  • m practice the symbols can be much smaller m order to achieve a better position resolution.
  • the position code is arranged so that if a device images the dots on an arbitrary partial surface of a pre- determined size, the position of the partial surface on the surface of the sheet can be determined automatically with the aid of image processing means m the device. If, for example, a device images the dots on the partial surface 10 m Fig. 1, a processor in the device can determine, with the aid of the position code which the dots represent, the position of the partial surface 10 on the menu .
  • a position code hereinafter also called a position-coding pattern, which enables the position determination will be described below.
  • the pattern is adapted for position determination by the imaging of a partial surface containing 5 x 5 symbols.
  • the symbols represent a binary coding. It is assumed below that the position-coding pattern is available on a sheet of paper.
  • the sheet has an x-direction and a y-direction.
  • a 32-bit number series of ones and zeros is generated m a first step.
  • a 31-bit number series of ones and zeros is generated by removing the final bit of the 32-bit series.
  • Both number series hereinafter called the x-number series, should have the characteristic that if five successive bits are selected anywhere m the series a unique group of five bits is obtained which does not exist anywhere else m the series. They should also have this characteristic if one "connects" the end of the series to the beginning of the series. The five-bit group thus provides an unambiguous coding of the location m the series .
  • An example of a 32 -bit number series having the above characteristic is "00001000110010100111010110111110". If the last zero is removed from this number series, a 31-bit number series having the same characteristic is obtained.
  • the first five bits m the above number series, i.e. 00001 constitute the code for position 0 m the number series, the next five bits, i.e. 00010, constitute the code for position 1, etc.
  • the positions m the x-number series as a function of the five-bit groups are stored m a first table. Naturally, position 31 only exists m the 32-bit series. Table 1 below shows the position coding for the example described above.
  • the coding m the X-direction is thus based on using a number series consisting of n bits which is made up m such a way that if m successive numbers are taken from the series, these m numbers will code the position m the series unambiguously.
  • the number of codable positions is increased by using a second number series, which is a subset of the first number series and which is thus of a different length than the first series. In this way, a displacement between the series is obtained m the longitudinal direction of the rows.
  • the coding m the Y-direction is based on the same principle.
  • a number series is created, hereinafter called the Y-number series, which consists of p numbers, the series being made up m such a way that if r successive numbers are taken from the series, these r numbers will code the position m the series and thus the position m the Y-direction unambiguously.
  • the numbers m the Y-number series are coded m the pattern on the sheet as a difference between the positions m the X-direction m two rows which is calculated m a special way.
  • the series are written using the different sizes of dots.
  • the rows start in different positions m the X-number series. More specifically, one begins two successive rows m such a way that if one determines the difference modulo 32 between two position numbers located one above the other, expresses the difference by means of a five-bit binary number, and takes the two most significant bits of said five-bit binary number, this number shall be the same regardless of where one is m the row.
  • one starts the series m such a way that the displacements between the series in two successive rows remain within a specific interval along the entire row.
  • the maximum displacement can be 31 positions or bits and the minimum displacement can be 0 positions or 0 bits.
  • the displacements along each pair of rows is then within one of the intervals 0-7, 8-15, 16-23, or 24-31 positions/bits .
  • the difference is determined m the above way, it will be 0 between rows 1 and 2, 0 between rows 2 and 3, 1 between rows 3 and 4, and 3 between rows 4 and 5. Take, for example, 26-18 m rows 3 and 4, which equals 8, which is 01000 in binary code. The two most significant numbers are 01. If instead one takes 0 - 23 m the same rows, which modulo 32 equals 9, the two most significant numbers are 01 just like m the previous example. In this example, four difference numbers 0,0,1,3 are obtained.
  • the device In a first step, the device translates these five- bit groups into positions with the aid of Table 1. The following positions are obtained:
  • the magnitude of the displacement between the position numbers m the different rows is determined by taking the difference modulo 32.
  • the two most significant numbers of the differences determined in this manner expressed as five-bit binary numbers are 0, 1, 0, 0. According to Table 2, this difference number equals position 3 m the Y-direction.
  • the coordinate for the second dimension on the sheet is 3.
  • a third table stores the starting position of each row, i.e. the position m the numbers series where each row starts.
  • the y-coordi- nate 3 it is possible to look up the starting positions of the rows from which the recorded five-bit groups have been taken. Knowing the starting positions of the rows from which the two uppermost five-bit groups have been taken and the X-positions to which these two five-bit groups correspond, i.e. positions 26 and 26, it is possible to determine the x-coordinate , or the position in the first dimension, of the recorded image. For example, suppose that the starting positions of the two uppermost rows are 21 and 20 respectively. In this case, the two rows from which the two uppermost five-bit groups m the recorded image are taken will thus look as follows:
  • Row 3 21 22 23....29 30 31 0 1 2 . . . 25 26 27 . .
  • the y-coordinate is 3 that the two first five-bit groups are taken from rows 3 and 4. It follows from the fact that odd rows are made up of the 31 -bit number series and even rows are made up of the 32-bit number series that row 3 is made up of a 32-bit number series while row 4 is made up of a 31-bit number series . On the basis of this information, it is possible to determine that the x-coordmate is 35. This can be verified by repeating the above steps for the remaining pairs of five-bit groups m the recorded image. There is thus a certain amount of error tolerance.
  • the accuracy of the position determination can be further increased by determining the location of the middle dot m the 5 x 5 group m relation to the centre of the image.
  • the position resolution can thus be better than the distance between two symbols.
  • the above steps are carried out by software, which m this example gives the coordinates 3 and 35 as its output signal.
  • the software can either be located m the device the customer or waiter is using to read the position-coding pattern on the menu or m another device to which the image (s) is (are) transferred.
  • the above description relates to an example and can thus be generalised. There need not be 32 numbers m the first X-number series. The number depends on how many different symbols are to be used m the pattern m combination with the number of symbols which are recorded m the x-direction m connection with the position determi- nation.
  • the same type of reasoning applies to the Y-number series.
  • the bases of these number series can thus be different and the number of symbols which code a position, and consequently also the number of positions coded by the number series, can vary.
  • the series can be based on symbols other than numbers and can therefore be described as strings of symbols.
  • the symbols can be of many different kinds. They can also be numbers, but m that case OCR software is required for carrying out the position determination, which makes the device for interpreting the position-coding pattern more expensive and more com- plicated.
  • the above method of coding positions on a surface and of carrying out the position determination on the surface is advantageous in that it only requires a very small amount of memory and processor capacity.
  • the position determination can be carried out by means of three table look-ups and a simple calculation. When the position has been determined, it is necessary to search the table one more time m order to determine the order alternative to which the position corresponds. How- ever, this can be carried out m a central computer to which the position is transferred.
  • Fig. 3 shows a part of a product m the form of a sheet of paper 101, which on its surface 102 is provided with an optically readable, two-dimensional position coding 103 (below referred to as position-coding pattern) enabling position determination, more specifically determination of absolute coordinates for points on the sheet 101.
  • the position-coding pattern consists of symbols 104 which are systematically arranged across the surface 102 so as to make its appearance "patterned" . Depending on the size of the symbols, the patterning can be perceived as a grey hue.
  • the sheet has an x-coordmate axis and a y-coordmate axis.
  • the position-coding pattern comprises a virtual raster, which thus neither is visible to the human eye nor can be detected directly by a device which is to determine positions on the surface, and a plurality of symbols 4, which each are capable of assuming one of four values "i"-"4" as will be described below. It should here be emphasised that, for the sake of clarity, the posi- tion-coding pattern m Fig. 3 has been enlarged to a considerable extent. Moreover, the position-coding pattern is shown only on part of the sheet.
  • the position-coding pattern is arranged m such manner that absolute coordinates for a point on the imaginary surface are coded by the symbols on a partial surface of the sheet, and thus by the position-coding pattern, of a predetermined size.
  • a first and a second partial surface 105a, 105b are indicated by dashed lines m Fig. 3. That part of the position-coding pattern (m this case 3x3 symbols) which is to be found on the first partial surface 105a codes the coordinates for a first point, and that part of the position-coding pattern which is to be found on the second partial surface 105b codes the coordinates for a second point on the sheet .
  • the position-coding pattern is partially shared by the adjoining first and second points.
  • Such a position-coding pattern is m this application referred to as "floating".
  • Figs 4a-d show an embodiment of a symbol which can be used m the position-coding pattern.
  • the symbol comprises a virtual raster point 106 which is represented by the intersection between the raster lines, and a marking 107 which has the form of a dot.
  • the value of the symbol depends on where the marking is located. In the example m Fig. 4, there are four possible positions, one on each of the raster lines extending from the raster points. The displacement from the raster point is equal to all values.
  • the symbol in Fig. 4a has the value 1, m Fig. 4b the value 2, m Fig. 4c the value 3 and m Fig. 4d the value 4. Expressed m other words, there are four different types of symbols.
  • Each symbol can thus represent four values "1-4".
  • This means that the position-coding pattern can be divided into a first position code for the x-coordmate , and a second position code for the y-coordmate .
  • the division is effected as follows:
  • each symbol is translated into a first digit, m this case bit, for the x-code and a second digit, m this case bit, for the y-code.
  • m this case bit for the x-code
  • m this case bit for the y-code
  • the coordinates for each point are coded by means of a plurality of symbols.
  • the position code is made up by means of a number series of ones and zeros which have the characteristic that no sequence of four bits appears more than once m the series.
  • the number series is cyclic, which means that the characteristic also applies when one connects the end of the series to the beginning of the series .
  • a four-bit sequence always has an unambiguously determined position m the number series.
  • the series can maximally be 16 bits long if it is to have the above-described characteristic for sequences of four bits.
  • This series contains seven unique sequences of four bits which code a position m the series as follows:
  • the number series is written sequentially m columns across the entire surface that is to be coded.
  • the coding is based on the difference or position displacement between numbers m adjoining columns.
  • the size of the difference is determined by the position (i.e. with which sequence) m the number series, m which one lets the column begin. More specifically, if one takes the difference modulo seven between on the one hand a number which is coded by a four-bit sequence m a first column and which thus can have the value (position) 0-6, and, on the other hand, a corresponding number (i.e. the sequence on the same "level") m an adjoining column, the result will be the same independently of where along the two columns one makes the comparison.
  • each position on the surface is coded with 4x4 symbols m this example, three differences (having the value 0-6) as stated above are available to code the x-coordmate. Then the coding is carried out m such manner that of the three differences, one will always have the value 1 or 2 and the other two will have values in the range 3-6. Consequently no differences are allowed to be zero m the x-code.
  • the x-code is structured so that the differences will be as follows: (3-6) (3-6) (1-2) ( 3-6) (3-6) (1-2) (3-6) (3-6) (1-2)...
  • Each x-coordmate thus is coded with two numbers between 3 and 6 and a subsequent number which is 1 or 2.
  • the y-coordmates are coded according to the same principle as used for the x-coordmates.
  • the cyclic number series is repeatedly written m horizontal rows across the surface which is to be position-coded. Just like m the case of the x-coordmates, the rows are allowed to begin m different positions, i.e. with different sequences, m the number series.
  • m the number series i.e. with different sequences
  • the most significant digit is determined by letting this be the only one that has a value m a specific range.
  • this example one lets one row of four begin the position 0-1 m the number series to indicate that this row relates to the least significant digit m a y-coordmate, and the other three begin m the position 2-6.
  • y- direction there is thus a series of numbers as follows: (2-6) (2-6) (2-6) (0-1) (2-6) (2-6) (2-6) (0-1) (2-6)...
  • Each y-coordmate thus is coded with three numbers between 2 and 6 and a subsequent number between 0 and 1.
  • Fig. 5 shows an example of an image with 4x4 symbols which are read by a device for position determination.
  • the vertical x-sequences code the following positions m the number series: 2 0 4 6.
  • the horizontal y-sequences code the positions 0 4 1 3 m the number series. Since these series begin in the 58th column, the starting position of the rows are these numbers minus 57 modulo7, which yields the starting positions 6 3 0 2.
  • Translated into digits m the mixed base, this will be 6-2, 3-2, 0-0, 2-2 4 1 0 0 where the third digit is the least significant digit m the number at issue.
  • the fourth digit is then the most significant digit m the next number. In this case, it must be the same as m the number at issue. (An exceptional case is when the number at issue consists of the highest possible digits m all positions. Then one knows that the beginning of the next number is one greater than the beginning of the number at issue.)
  • the position of the uppermost left corner for the 4x4 symbol group is (58,170) .
  • the numbers 0-19 are coded in the mixed base, and by adding up the representations of the numbers 0-19 the mixed base, one obtains the total difference between these columns.
  • a naive algorithm to do so is to generate these twenty numbers and directly add up their digits. The resulting sum is called s.
  • the sheet of paper or writing surface will then be given by (5-s) modulo7.
  • m which each position is coded with 4 x 4 symbols and a number series with 7 bits is used.
  • Positions can be coded with a larger or smaller number of symbols.
  • the number of symbols need not be the same m both directions.
  • the number series can be of different length and need not be binary, but may be based on another base. Different number series can be used for coding m x-direction and coding m y-direction.
  • the symbols can have different numbers of values.
  • a coding with 6 x 6 symbols is presently preferred, which case each symbol can assume four values.
  • a person skilled m the art can easily generalise the Examples above to relate to such coding.
  • rows can of course be replaced with columns and columns be replaced with rows.
  • the marking is a dot but may, of course, have a different appearance.
  • it may consist of a dash or some other indication which begins the virtual raster point and extends therefrom to a predetermined position.
  • the symbols within a square partial surface are used for coding a position.
  • the partial surface may have a different form, such as hexagonal.
  • the symbols need not be arranged m rows and columns at an angle of 90° to each other but can also be arranged m some other manner.
  • the virtual raster For the position code to be detected, the virtual raster must be determined. This can be carried out by studying the distance between different markings. The shortest distance between two markings must derive from two neighbouring symbols having the value 1 and 3 so that the markings are located on the same raster line between two raster points. When such a pair of markings has been detected, the associated raster points can be determined with knowledge of the distance between the raster points and the displacement of the markings from the raster points. When two raster points have once been located, additional raster points can be determined by means of measured distances to other markings and with knowledge of the relative distance of the raster points.
  • a nominal space of 0.3 mm between the symbols has been used. If each position is coded with 6 x 6 symbols, then a 1.8 mm x 1.8 mm surface is required for one position.
  • a position can be calculated with a resolution of 0.03 mm. Since each position is coded with 6 x 6 symbols which can each assume one of four values, 2 72 positions can be coded, which with the above-mentioned nominal space between the symbols corresponds to a surface of 4.6 million km 2 . This fact that a very large number of unique positions can be coded, can as mentioned above be utilised by dedicating different coordinate areas to specific applications.
  • the position code can be printed by standard offset printing on any sheet of paper or other material.
  • a common black carbon-based printing ink or some other printing ink that absorbs IR light can advantageously be used. This means that other inks, including black ink which is not carbon-based, can be used to superimpose some other print on the position code without interfering with the reading thereof .
  • a surface which is provided with the above-mentioned position code printed with a carbon-based black printing ink will be experienced by the human eye as merely a slight grey hue of the surface (1-3% black), which is user-friendly and esthetically pleasing.
  • FIG. 6 An embodiment of a device for recording orders is schematically shown m Fig. 6.
  • the device is adapted to record information alternatives by means of a 2 -dimensional position code of the type described above.
  • the device comprises a casing 11 having approximately the shape of a pen.
  • a casing 11 having approximately the shape of a pen.
  • the short side is intended to abut against or be placed a short distance from the product from whose surface an information alternative is to be recorded by reading the position code.
  • the casing contains essentially an optics part, an electronic circuitry part, and a power supply.
  • the optics part comprises at least one light emitting diode 13 for illuminating the surface which is to be imaged and a light-sensitive area sensor 14, such as a CCD or CMOS sensor, for recording a two-dimensional image.
  • the device may also comprise a lens system.
  • the power supply to the device is obtained from a battery 15 which is mounted m a separate compartment the casing.
  • the electronic circuitry part comprises processing means 16 for determining a position on the basis of the recorded image and more specifically a processor which is programmed to read images from the sensor and to carry out position determination on the basis of a position code which is identified m these images.
  • the device comprises buttons 18 by means of which the user activates and controls the device. It also comprises a transceiver 19 for wireless transfer of information to and from the device. The device can also comprise a display 20 for showing recorded orders.
  • Applicant's Swedish Patent No. 9604008-4 describes a device for recording text . This device can be used to record orders if programmed m a suitable way.
  • the device can be divided into different physical casings, a first casing containing the area sensor and other components required for capturing images of the code and for transferring them to a processor which is located in a second casing and which carries out the position determination on the basis of the recorded image or images .
  • Fig. 7 shows schematically an embodiment of a system according to the invention.
  • the system comprises a product 71 with position code and information alternatives, a device 72 for reading the position code for recording of information alternatives, and an external computer 73 with a memory structure 74 for storing which positions correspond to which information alternatives .
  • the product 71 can be, for example, the menu shown m Fig. 2, and the device 72 can be, for example, the device shown m Fig. 6.
  • the computer 73 can be an ordinary personal computer which can also be used for other purposes and which contains suitable software.
  • the memory structure can be a table, a database or the like which is stored m the memory of the computer or m a memory which is connected to the computer.
  • the computer 73 can also be a computer which is reached via computer network, such as the Internet, and which communicates with a plurality of devices 72 for recording information. In this case, read positions can be transferred from the device 72 via a network connecting unit (not shown) , such as a mobile phone, which allows transfer of information to the computer network.
  • a network connecting unit not shown
  • the two-dimensional position code can code coordinates for a very large number of unique positions - a much larger number than required on, for example, a normal size sheet. This can be used to distinguish individual products or applications for which products are used. More specifically, different coordinate areas withm the area that can be coded with the position code can be dedicated to different products or different applications.
  • the computer 73 communicates with a plurality of devices 72, e.g. the computer 73 can identify to which product the received positions relate and, thus, correctly identify associated information alternatives which, for example, can be transferred to another computer m the computer network where the recorded information is to be used.
  • Fig. 8 shows schematically a flow chart for software which is used m a computer, such as the computer 73 m Fig. 7, for making a product according to the invention, m this case exemplified by the menu shown m Fig. 2.
  • a first step 81 the software prints the position code on a sheet of paper which is to be the menu m Fig. 2 via a printer.
  • the position code covers the entire sheet.
  • the position code codes coordinates withm a coordinate area.
  • the specific coordinate area can be preset the program or be selected withm certain limits.
  • a second step 82 the user enters the various information alternatives via the keyboard of the computer.
  • the software can be designed to suggest different code areas m which the user can indicate information alternatives.
  • the user can himself define code areas, for example by "drawing" areas on the sheet of paper by means of a device for recording information, such as the device 72 in Fig. 7, which then records the coordinates for the points defining the code areas.
  • the user can draw boxes on a copy of the sheet of paper which is shown on the display of the computer.
  • connection between positions on the sheet of paper and information alternatives is stored m a memory structure, step 83.
  • step 84 the product is ready to be used for recording information.
  • the first step 81 need not be carried out by the software.
  • the user can instead buy sheets which are already provided with position code.
  • a customer at the restaurant can record her order herself with the aid of the above device. First, the customer decides which dish she is interested m. Next, she points to this dish on the menu using the device for recording the order, so that the opening of the device is above or a short distance from the order alternative.
  • the sensor 14 in the device then reads the position code 4 withm the visual field of the device and the processor means 16 determine the position on the menu 1. Subse- quently, the position is stored a memory m the device, or is transferred directly to an order computer together with data indicating which customer the position information originates from.
  • the transfer to the order computer is effected by the intermediary of the trans- ceiver 19, for example utilising radio waves according to the so-called "Bluetooth system” .
  • the order computer looks up the order alternative, i.e. the dish, to which this position corresponds the memory structure m the computer and sends the order to the kitchen where the dish is prepared.
  • the waiter can record the order instead with the aid of the device.
  • the customer ticks the boxes front of the dishes and beverages she wishes to order, whereupon the waiter records the order by pointing the device to each tick so that an image of the position code for each tick is recorded.
  • the customer, or the waiter can by means of the device which then is provided with a pen, note the number of ordered dishes by noting a digit or the corresponding number of dashes m connection with the ordered dish. If, for example, the customer orders two smoked salmon toasts, a two is written m front of the smoked salmon toast alternative. The two is recorded digitally by means of the device and is transferred to the kitchen. The customer keeps the menu with the notes about the order as a receipt of the order as made.
  • the code areas overlap the order alternatives so that the user can point directly to the order alternative.
  • the code areas 5, as shown m Fig. 9, can be separated from the fields 3, i.e. the order alternatives, and instead De arranged adjacent to them.
  • a special area is required for the code areas, which may be a drawback m certain applications.
  • the invention has been used for recording orders at a restaurant .
  • the mven- tion can be used to record any type of information.
  • the above menu could instead be a form used for documenting the results of a vehicle inspection.
  • the user can record information about defects m the vehicle by reading the code for different alternatives on the inspection report. For example, suppose that a safety belt m the vehicle is so defective that m the inspection the car is given a negative rating of three out of three possible levels. "Safety belt" is written on the form and there are three boxes for the three different levels.
  • the inspector uses the device to read the position code m the third box. The device determines which position the position code represents. This position thus identifies a field on the surface of the form, viz. the field corresponding to the third box after the words "safety belt". The field is identified by means of the position.
  • the information alternative associated with the field viz. "safety belt rating level 3" is stored m the device, or m a unit to which the position information is transferred. By reading the position code, it is thus possible to record this information .
  • the invention can be used m a similar way to record other types of information.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Editing Of Facsimile Originals (AREA)
  • Cash Registers Or Receiving Machines (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un produit, destiné à être utilisé avec l'enregistrement d'informations, qui comporte une surface (2) présentant plusieurs alternatives d'informations, ayant chacune une zone de codage associée. La surface comporte également un code de position bidimensionnel (4) qui code les coordonnées de plusieurs positions sur ladite surface, qui n'a aucun rapport avec les informations à enregistrer et permet l'enregistrement de l'alternative d'informations souhaitée par lecture du code de position d'une position dans la zone de codage associée à l'alternative d'informations souhaitée. Le produit peut s'utiliser avantageusement dans des restaurants, lors de réservations de voyages ou d'hôtels, et autres. L'invention concerne également un système permettant d'enregistrer des informations, ainsi qu'un procédé et un logiciel de fabrication dudit produit.
PCT/SE2000/001087 1999-05-28 2000-05-26 Enregistrement d'informations WO2000073981A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002374808A CA2374808C (fr) 1999-05-28 2000-05-26 Enregistrement d'informations
JP2001500212A JP4785310B2 (ja) 1999-05-28 2000-05-26 情報の記録に用いられる製品
EP00937465A EP1188142A1 (fr) 1999-05-28 2000-05-26 Enregistrement d'informations
AU52635/00A AU5263500A (en) 1999-05-28 2000-05-26 Recording of information

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9901953-1 1999-05-28
SE9901953A SE9901953L (sv) 1999-05-28 1999-05-28 Registrering av information
US13840099P 1999-06-09 1999-06-09
US60/138,400 1999-06-09
SE0001239-3 2000-04-05
SE0001239A SE0001239L (sv) 2000-04-05 2000-04-05 Informationshanteringssystem

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000073981A1 true WO2000073981A1 (fr) 2000-12-07

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EP (1) EP1188142A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU5263500A (fr)
CA (1) CA2374808C (fr)
WO (1) WO2000073981A1 (fr)

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US6340118B1 (en) 1999-12-16 2002-01-22 Xerox Corporation Exclusive or cross-coupled framing codes for self-clocking glyphs
US6714677B1 (en) 1999-12-17 2004-03-30 Xerox Corporation Use of correlation histograms for improved glyph decoding
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CA2374808C (fr) 2008-05-20
AU5263500A (en) 2000-12-18
EP1188142A1 (fr) 2002-03-20

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