WO2000070302A1 - Dispositif d'acquisition ou de production de signaux optiques - Google Patents

Dispositif d'acquisition ou de production de signaux optiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000070302A1
WO2000070302A1 PCT/EP2000/003144 EP0003144W WO0070302A1 WO 2000070302 A1 WO2000070302 A1 WO 2000070302A1 EP 0003144 W EP0003144 W EP 0003144W WO 0070302 A1 WO0070302 A1 WO 0070302A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical
spectral
light
interference
wavelength
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2000/003144
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thilo Weitzel
Original Assignee
Campus Technologies Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE1999122782 external-priority patent/DE19922782B4/de
Application filed by Campus Technologies Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Campus Technologies Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to JP2000618687A priority Critical patent/JP2002544553A/ja
Priority to EP00925185A priority patent/EP1181500A1/fr
Publication of WO2000070302A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000070302A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/12—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators
    • G01J3/18—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators using diffraction elements, e.g. grating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02—Details
    • G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
    • G01J3/021—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using plane or convex mirrors, parallel phase plates, or particular reflectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02—Details
    • G01J3/0256—Compact construction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/45—Interferometric spectrometry

Definitions

  • the invention relates to variants and embodiments of a device for detecting optical signals or generating optical signals by modulating optical carriers with means for generating at least one reference light beam which is frequency-shifted and / or modulated with respect to the optical signal to be detected or with respect to the optical carrier to be modulated or is phase-shifted and / or -modulated and / or time-shifted, by means with which the optical signal to be detected and / or the reference light beam or beams can be aligned such that they can be brought to interference, and with at least one detector Demodulator, by means of which an amplitude modulation can be detected or with at least one coupler, through which the resulting interference signal can be coupled out, at least one wavelength-dependent element being provided, by means of which the angle or angles brought about the interference n light beams or the wavefront of at least one of the light beams brought to interference can be changed as a function of the wavelength.
  • the invention further includes various uses of this device and methods for evaluating the measurement signal generated by the device.
  • the principle of operation of an arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1 is based on the fact that the information transmitted by the incident light beam (optical signal to be detected) or by the decoupled light beam (modulated optical carrier) is transmitted exclusively by temporal modulation of amplitude, wavelength or relative Phase position is represented or only spectral properties are to be determined.
  • the angles of incidence or angle of exit of the beams do not carry any information, but on the contrary are usually kept constant. Furthermore, the rays do not carry any spatial modulation.
  • the device transmits the spectral properties of the suitably widened incident light beam into the angular space.
  • the different angular components can now be mapped onto a spatial modulation by interference with a suitably generated reference beam, the different angular components each showing a characteristic interference pattern.
  • a heterodyne or quasi-heterodyne method can be used to detect interference patterns that match certain angular components with high selectivity and sensitivity.
  • the device according to the invention is suitable for methods of information transmission using a broadband optical carrier, the spectral properties and autocorrelation properties of which can be manipulated, and on the receiver side for methods for the detection of broadband carriers on the basis of spectral signatures or autocorrelation properties this carrier.
  • the method is suitable for the transmission of signals.
  • Optical multichannel networks are a particularly interesting area of application, since the ability of the receivers to select a single channel leads to a significant simplification of the distribution nodes in the network.
  • the detection of the modulated or unmodulated broadband carrier itself enables various non-contact measurement methods.
  • means are provided for setting the path length difference of the partial beams brought to interference, whereby a selection of the light components contributing to the interference can be carried out according to their coherence properties.
  • the interferometric devices shown are designed or developed in such a way that the optical path lengths under which the partial beams are brought into interference differ by a degree introduced by the dispersive element or elements.
  • the difference in the optical path lengths of the partial beams brought to interference is between 2 * d ⁇ and 2 * d 2 .
  • a distance 2 * (d 2 -d- ⁇ ) is used by the optical grating for the spectral selection.
  • the coherence length corresponding to this difference defines the spectral resolution of the apparatus.
  • an interference signal is only generated if the incident radiation shows coherence properties or autocorrelation properties in the range of the optical path length differences between 2 * d 1 and 2 * d 2 .
  • line spectra can be recorded selectively in this way. In this case, only spectrally narrow-band components of the incident radiation with coherence lengths greater than 2 * d ⁇ contribute to the measured signal.
  • the particular advantage of the arrangement is that the spectral resolution (spectroscopy) or bandwidth (data transmission) can be set independently of the line width to be selected (spectroscopy) or autocorrelation length (data transmission).
  • the device has means for rotating the interferometer or means for changing or selecting the angle of incidence, which make it possible to select the wavelength to be recorded or to be modulated.
  • the components of the interferometer can be fixed against each other, which has an advantageous effect on the stability of the adjustment.
  • a prerequisite for the wavelength adjustment via the angle of incidence is that the angle at which the partial beams are superimposed in the interferometer must be suitably adjusted. shows dependence on the angle of incidence. This is the case, for example, when the partial beams are superimposed in mirror image, ie the partial beams have to be guided in an asymmetrical interferometer in this regard over a number of mirrors that is different by 1 in each case.
  • this situation can be achieved in the case of symmetrical interferometers by using a retroreflector.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the change in the relative phase position of the interfering partial beams and the change in the angle at which the partial beams interfere are carried out jointly by moving at least one component of the device.
  • a specific wavelength is set, for example, by a suitable tilting of optical elements of the apparatus in such a way that the partial beams hit the detector in parallel for precisely this wavelength.
  • the actual measurement is then carried out by changing the relative phase position of the partial beams and detecting the resulting change in intensity (heterodyne detection).
  • the detection condition is that the spatial period of the interference pattern becomes larger than the detector area. This condition defines the spectral line width. If the optical path lengths of the partial beams are unequal and / or if the tilting of the optical elements leads to a change in the difference in the optical path lengths of the partial beams, then the relative phase position of the interference pattern also changes when the wavelength is set.
  • Fig. 2 shows an example of a design of the interferometer, which allows the spectral selection and the modulation of the relative phase position by a common movement.
  • the rotation of one of the optical elements around a support point P outside the beam path causes not only the change in the angle and thus the setting of the selected wavelength, but also a change in the optical path length and thus a modulation of the relative phase position.
  • a technically advantageous embodiment of the device uses a diffractive optical element at the same time as a beam splitter and as a wavelength-dispersive element.
  • FIG. 3 A technically particularly favorable embodiment of the device is shown in Figure 3.
  • a diffraction grating in reflection is used as the diffractive element.
  • the collimated incident light beam (entrance opening “E”, aperture diaphragm “A”, collimator lens “L”) is first converted into a reflected (“0th” diffraction order) and a diffracted (1- th order) split beam.
  • the partial beams are returned to the diffraction grating by the mirrors “S1” or “S2”.
  • the diffraction grating overlays the beams by diffracting the previously reflected partial beam to the detector (1st order) while the previously diffracted beam is reflected to the detector.
  • the resulting spectral dispersion of the partial beams is opposite, i.e.
  • the device can only be adjusted for exactly one specific wavelength in such a way that the combined partial beams overlap exactly or run in parallel.
  • the mirror “S1” takes over the tuning of the wavelength by suitable tilting and the mirror “S2” takes over the phase modulation.
  • Figure 4 shows the experimentally determined demodulated spectral transfer function of an arrangement according to Figure 3.
  • a beam cross section of only 2.5 mm and correspondingly small optical elements were used.
  • the arrangement achieves a spectral resolution (FWHM) of 0.16 nm at 632 nm wavelength, ie the physical limit to be expected with this dimensioning is sufficient.
  • the demodulated spectral transfer function of the arrangement thus corresponds to the transfer function of the grating for the given diameter.
  • the interferometric devices shown can be designed or developed particularly advantageously such that an optical resonator is produced. The consequence of this is that the devices or parts of the devices are used several times and the resulting interferences are formed by superimposing several, possibly very many, partial beams. Such a superimposition of many partial beams shows, compared to the corresponding two-beam interference, possibly much sharper minima or maxima of the intensity.
  • the beam splitter is formed by a semi-transparent mirror S, which reflects part of the light.
  • Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of the aforementioned principle of operation.
  • the resonator is formed by the elements S1 and G.
  • the wavelength of the resonator can be changed by rotating the grating G, the relative phase position of the partial beams can be influenced by a suitable shift of S1.
  • the interference signal modulated in accordance with the phase position is guided to the detector Sig. Via a wide beam splitter S2 and a lens L2.
  • E denotes the entrance and A the aperture diaphragm.
  • L is a collimator.
  • Fig. 7 shows an advantageous embodiment.
  • the 0th diffraction order of the grating i.e. the undiffracted reflected part of the light led to the detector.
  • Ref. Denotes a second detector that records a reference signal.
  • the optical path length d is increased or kept variable.
  • the interference is then limited to components of the incident light with a correspondingly high coherence length or small bandwidth.
  • the described arrangements detect an amplitude modulation of the intensity at the detector depending on a modulation of the relative phase position of the interfering partial beams, especially for components of interference patterns with small spatial frequencies, in particular for spatial frequencies whose reciprocal value becomes larger than the diameter of the detector in the corresponding direction.
  • a mask in front of the detector which is correlated with the interference pattern (s) of certain spectral components of the incident light can advantageously be used.
  • Such a mask allows, in particular in interaction with a modulation of the relative phase position of the interfering partial beams, the selective detection of a predetermined spatial modulation of the interference pattern.
  • the interference pattern of a spectral fingerprint with many spectral components can already be contained in a single mask.
  • the multiple recording of the interference pattern through the mask upstream of the detector with different relative phase positions of the partial beams shows a strong dependence of the respectively measured integrated total intensity of the signal on the relative phase position only for those spectral components of the incident light with whose resulting interference patterns the mask correlates .
  • FIG. 10 shows a corresponding variant of the arrangement using the example of the arrangement from FIG. 3.
  • the arrangement forms an optical correlator which determines the sought components of the interference pattern.
  • Such an arrangement is particularly advantageous if the mask is determined by measurement or recording, since in this case even very complex information interference pattern or interference patterns distorted by components of inferior optical quality can be used without restriction.
  • the signal sought is shown in the form of spectral lines against a broadband background spectrum.
  • the spectral lines show a large coherence length (> 1 cm), while the broadband background has a small coherence length ( ⁇ 1 cm).
  • an arrangement according to the invention in which the difference in the optical path lengths is approximately 1 cm, detects only the atomic absorption or emission lines, while the background signal with a shorter coherence length does not contribute to the interference and thus does not contribute to the signal.
  • the coherence multiplexing method in the field of optical data transmission can be particularly advantageous if the coherence multiplexing method is used to increase the transmission capacity.
  • this method several signals are transmitted at the same wavelength by deliberately changing the carrier's autocorrelation properties. This happens, for example, by the optical carrier being superimposed on itself on the transmitter side at different times. This leads to an auto-correlation of the carrier with the corresponding time offset, the modulation of which allows a signal to be transmitted. With different autocorrelation times, different signals can be transmitted independently of one another.
  • the autocorrelation properties ie the coherence properties for very specific differences in the optical path lengths of the partial beams, are expressed by a fine spectral structure of the optical carrier.
  • the device described is particularly well suited as a receiver for a combined wavelength and coherence multiplexing method, since on the one hand the wavelength and autocorrelation time can be set independently of one another, and on the other hand by suitable dimensioning of the dispersive elements and the differences in the optical path lengths, the one to be detected Bandwidth of the carriers, the spectral channel spacing and the channel spacing with respect to autocorrelation times can be adapted to the respective requirements.
  • the device according to the invention is particularly well suited as a modulator for a combined wavelength and coherence multiplexing method, since on the one hand the wavelength and autocorrelation time can be set independently of one another, and on the other hand by suitable dimensioning of the dispersive elements and the differences in the optical path lengths the one to be detected Bandwidth of the carriers, the spectral channel spacing and the channel spacing with respect to the autocorrelation times can be adapted to the respective requirements. It is advantageous to use the device according to the invention for the detection of at least one spectral component of the incident light, which has predefined coherence properties or autocorrelation properties.
  • the arrangement is generally suitable for the detection or measurement of light with defined autocorrelation properties, i.e. for the selective detection of light, which is characterized not only by a certain wavelength range, but also by a spectral fine structure serving as a spectral signature.
  • This method can be used in the context of a wide variety of measurement methods, which should work without interference even in the presence of extraneous light.
  • the device according to the invention can be used to achieve a multitude of advantages which result from the use of spectrally broadband carriers and, if appropriate, complex spectral signatures.
  • the devices and methods according to the invention support so-called coherence multiplexing and a novel broadband optical carrier based on the use of complex spectral signatures built-up code division multiplexing method.
  • the various multiplexing methods can be combined. This makes it e.g. possible to scale the number of transmission channels and their respective bandwidth within wide limits.
  • the use of complex spectral signatures of broadband optical carriers for information transmission by the devices according to the invention also opens up the advantages that are already used by various types of spread spectrum methods in the field of radio waves.
  • the devices according to the invention In contrast to spread spectrum methods, they do not generate a local reference carrier.
  • a particular advantage of the devices and methods according to the invention is the inherent cryptographic transmission, for example when using complex spectral signatures or relatively large temporal differences in the autocorrelation. Also of particular advantage is the resistance of the transmission to external light of any kind that does not show such spectral signatures, as well as the possibility of even obscuring the presence of the optical carrier itself if the energy is distributed over an unusually broad spectral range. Without knowing the spectral signature, which can be interpreted as a physical key in this context, an attacker can neither demodulate the information transmission nor interfere with extraneous light, possibly even hiding the fact that data is being transmitted at all.
  • the devices and methods according to the invention also allow use in the field of LADAR or LIDAR applications and laser-assisted targeting or guidance systems, the target neither being able to detect nor disrupt the measuring beam used.
  • the optical spectrum of light incident on a device according to the invention is advantageously determined by a method which comprises the following steps: First, the light intensity measured at the detector for different relative phase positions of the interfering partial beams and / or for different angles at which the partial beams interfere. In a further step, the optical spectrum is calculated from the light intensities measured in the first step.
  • the acquisition of measured values at different relative phase positions, possibly over a range of optical path length differences of a multiple of the wavelength allows the spectral resolution of the apparatus to be increased by numerical methods (such as deconvolution).
  • the optical spectrum or the intensity of the incident light for a specific wavelength can be determined using Integral transformations are calculated using a large number of measured values.
  • Such numerical processing of the recorded measured values for calculating the optical spectrum has a favorable effect on the spectral resolution that can be achieved, the sensitivity and the signal / noise ratio.
  • FIG. 11 shows an example of the signal of a narrow-band light source as a function of the angle ⁇ (computer simulation) for a device according to claim 4 or FIG. 2. Simultaneously with the change in the angle, the relative phase position of the superimposed beams is shifted.
  • the signal is composed of a modulation of the measured intensity caused by the angle-dependent, continuous change in the relative phase position and an angle-dependent amplitude, i.e. Envelope of this modulation.
  • the intensity of the spectral components of the incident light can first be calculated by correlating the measurement with the respective spectral transfer function.
  • the calculations can be refined using mathematical methods such as deconvolution - especially if certain properties of the spectra are specified (line spectrum, limited set of absorption spectra to be recognized, for example in the field of chemometry).
  • An envelope curve can be assigned to this spectral transfer function of the apparatus (FIG. 11).
  • the respective angular position of the maximum of the envelope can be assigned directly to a wavelength.
  • the exact form of the transfer function depends on the quality of the optical components used. It can be technically advantageous to determine the spectral transfer functions of a specific apparatus by measurement. A set of such transfer functions thus simultaneously represents a calibration measurement of the arrangement.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
  • Instruments For Measurement Of Length By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'acquisition ou de production de signaux optiques par modulation de supports optiques. Ledit dispositif comprend: des éléments de production d'au moins un rayonnement lumineux de référence qui, par rapport au signal optique à acquérir, est décalé en fréquence et/ou modulé en fréquence ou déphasé et/ou modulé en phase et/ou décalé dans le temps; des éléments permettant de corriger le signal optique à acquérir et/ou le(s) rayonnement(s) lumineux de sorte qu'ils peuvent être utilisé pour l'interférence; au moins un détecteur avec démodulateur, qui permet de détecter une modulation d'amplitude.
PCT/EP2000/003144 1999-05-18 2000-04-07 Dispositif d'acquisition ou de production de signaux optiques WO2000070302A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000618687A JP2002544553A (ja) 1999-05-18 2000-04-07 光信号検出または生成装置
EP00925185A EP1181500A1 (fr) 1999-05-18 2000-04-07 Dispositif d'acquisition ou de production de signaux optiques

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1999122782 DE19922782B4 (de) 1998-01-16 1999-05-18 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur optischen Spektroskopie
DE19922782.9 1999-05-18
DE19933291.6 1999-07-15
DE1999133291 DE19933291A1 (de) 1998-01-16 1999-07-15 Vorrichtung zur Erfassung oder Erzeugung optischer Signale

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000070302A1 true WO2000070302A1 (fr) 2000-11-23

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PCT/EP2000/003144 WO2000070302A1 (fr) 1999-05-18 2000-04-07 Dispositif d'acquisition ou de production de signaux optiques

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EP (1) EP1181500A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2002544553A (fr)
WO (1) WO2000070302A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114081444A (zh) * 2021-11-15 2022-02-25 北京理工大学 一种基于积分变换原理的oct成像系统及方法
US20220146903A1 (en) * 2020-11-11 2022-05-12 Analog Photonics LLC Optical Phased Array Light Steering
US11960117B2 (en) 2021-10-18 2024-04-16 Analog Photonics LLC Optical phased array light shaping

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10514452B2 (en) 2015-11-19 2019-12-24 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Radar device and operation method thereof
KR102034553B1 (ko) * 2015-11-19 2019-10-21 한국전자통신연구원 레이더 장치 및 레이저 장치의 동작 방법
US10908021B2 (en) 2016-10-12 2021-02-02 Nec Corporation Spectroscopic device and imaging device

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD147577A1 (de) * 1979-11-28 1981-04-08 Guenter Fenske Praezise bestimmung von linienpositionen mit einem fourier-spektrometer
US4347000A (en) * 1979-12-26 1982-08-31 The Perkin-Elmer Corporation Interferometric system
US4882775A (en) * 1988-07-22 1989-11-21 The Boeing Company Demodulation technique for coherence multiplexed optical data transmission system
EP0599552A1 (fr) * 1992-11-24 1994-06-01 AT&T Corp. Méthode et appareil électro-optique
WO1998035203A2 (fr) * 1997-02-07 1998-08-13 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Procede et dispositif permettant d'executer des mesures optiques au moyen d'un laser a frequence reglable rapidement

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD147577A1 (de) * 1979-11-28 1981-04-08 Guenter Fenske Praezise bestimmung von linienpositionen mit einem fourier-spektrometer
US4347000A (en) * 1979-12-26 1982-08-31 The Perkin-Elmer Corporation Interferometric system
US4882775A (en) * 1988-07-22 1989-11-21 The Boeing Company Demodulation technique for coherence multiplexed optical data transmission system
EP0599552A1 (fr) * 1992-11-24 1994-06-01 AT&T Corp. Méthode et appareil électro-optique
WO1998035203A2 (fr) * 1997-02-07 1998-08-13 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Procede et dispositif permettant d'executer des mesures optiques au moyen d'un laser a frequence reglable rapidement

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20220146903A1 (en) * 2020-11-11 2022-05-12 Analog Photonics LLC Optical Phased Array Light Steering
US12085833B2 (en) * 2020-11-11 2024-09-10 Analog Photonics LLC Optical phased array light steering
US11960117B2 (en) 2021-10-18 2024-04-16 Analog Photonics LLC Optical phased array light shaping
CN114081444A (zh) * 2021-11-15 2022-02-25 北京理工大学 一种基于积分变换原理的oct成像系统及方法

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Publication number Publication date
EP1181500A1 (fr) 2002-02-27
JP2002544553A (ja) 2002-12-24

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