Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/12—Cyclic peptides, e.g. bacitracins; Polymyxins; Gramicidins S, C; Tyrocidins A, B or C
  • A61K38/13—Cyclosporins
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
  • A61K31/365—Lactones
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
  • A61K31/4738—Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/4745—Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems condensed with ring systems having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. phenantrolines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
  • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
  • A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Definitions

• This invention is concerned with certain novel pharmaceutical compositions comprising combinations of immunosuppressive agents, the use of such compositions for the treatment or prevention of xenograft rejection, and novel therapies for facilitating transplantation of xenogenic tissues or organs into humans and to promote long term survival of said tissues or organs.
• compositions comprising a certain combination of immunosuppressant compounds display good tolerability whilst at the same time display prolonged xenograft survival of donor organs, few rejection episodes and good graft function.
• the invention provides in one aspect a method of treatment or prevention of xenograft rejection which comprises administering of at least two immunosuppressant compounds indepentally selected from the group consisting of (a) IL-2 transcription inhibitors and (b) immunosuppressant compounds that immunosuppress for B-cell-mediated or antibody- mediated rejection of xenografts.
• compositions useful in the treatment or prevention of xenograft rejection comprise at least two immunosuppressant compounds selected from the group consisting of (a) IL-2 transcription inhibitors and (b) immunosuppressant compounds that immunosuppress for B-cell-mediated or antibody-mediated rejection of xenografts. Therefore, the invention provides in another aspect a pharmaceutical composition useful in the prevention or treatment of xenograft rejection comprising combinations of immunosuppressant compounds selected from the group consisting of (a) IL-2 transcription inhibitors and (b) immunosuppressant compounds that immunosuppress for B-cell-mediated or antibody-mediated rejection of xenografts.
• the group of immunosuppressant compounds consists of (a) an IL-2 transcription inhibitor and (b) immunosuppressant compounds that immunosuppress for B- cell-mediated or antibody-mediated rejection of xenografts.
• the combinations of immunosuppressant agents cover the administration of the agents for simultaneous, separate or sequential use. Thus e.g. they may be in a package or in a blister.
• IL-2 transcription inhibitor refers to immunosuppressive compounds whose immunosuppressive activity derives principally or in significant part from their direct or indirect inhibition of IL-2 gene transcription, e.g. corticosteroids, ascomyci ⁇ s and cyclosporines, FK506 and their various derivatives and analogues.
• Cyclosporine (also known as cyclosporin A or cyclosporin) is an immunosuppressive cyclic undecapeptide. Its structure is disclosed, e.g. in the Merck Index, 1 1th edition; Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (1989) under listing 2759. Formulations of cyclosporine are commercially available under the trademark SANDIMMUN or SANDIMMUNE and a microemulsion preconcentrate formulation of cyclosporine is sold under the trademark NEORAL or OPTORAL.
• Immunosuppressant compounds that immunosuppress for B-cell-mediated or antibody- mediated rejection of xenografts include rapamycin and/or derivatives thereof including 40- O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin, or myriocin analogues such as 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl)- ethyl]-1 ,3-propanediol, or mycophenolic acid (MPA) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, or cyclophosphamide.
• a preferred rapamycin derivative is 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin.
• 40-O-(2-hydroxy- ethyl)-rapamycin is a rapamycin derivative the structure of which is disclosed in WO 94/09010, example 8, and is a semi-synthetic derivative of rapamycin.
• the structure of rapamycin is given in Kesseler, H., et al.; 1993; Helv. Chim. Acta; 76; 117, and numerous immunosuppressive derivatives and analogues of rapamycin are known.
• MPA sodium salt is known and is disclosed in published patent application No. WO 97/38689. Even more preferred is a MPA sodium salt in form of a formulation as described in US 6,025,391 which is incorporated herein by reference.
• compositions according to the invention comprise combinations of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of mycophenolic acid (MPA), for example the sodium salt of MPA, rapamycin and/or derivatives thereof including 40-O-(2- hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin, and IL-2 transcription inhibitors.
• MPA mycophenolic acid
• rapamycin and/or derivatives thereof including 40-O-(2- hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin, and IL-2 transcription inhibitors.
• compositions according to the invention comprise double combinations of MPA sodium salt and cyclosporine or 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin, the double combination of cyclosporine and 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin, or a triple combination of MPA sodium salt, cyclosporine and 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin.
• compositions according to the invention act syn -gistically, i.e. the immunosuppressive effect of the combination of compounds is greater than additive. This has the advantage that relatively low doses of each compound may be used in the pharmaceutical compositions. Synergy may be calculated according to a method described in Berenbaum, Clin. Exp. Immunol. (1977) 28:1.
• the indications for which the pharmaceutical compositions are useful are conditions associated with, or causal to, transplant rejection, for example treatment (including amelioration, reduction, elimination or cure of etiology or symptoms) or prevention (including substantial or complete restriction, prophylaxis or avoidance) of xenograft rejection, including acute and chronic rejection of an organ when the organ donor is of a different species from the recipient, most especially rejection mediated by B-cells or antibody- mediated rejection.
• one IL-2 transcription inhibitor is present, and yet in another group of embodiments, two or more IL-2 transcription inhibitors are present.
• the method comprises the administration of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a combination of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of MPA, for example the sodium salt of MPA, rapamycin and/or derivatives thereof including 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)- rapamycin, and IL-2 transcription inhibitors.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of MPA for example the sodium salt of MPA, rapamycin and/or derivatives thereof including 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)- rapamycin, and IL-2 transcription inhibitors.
• the method comprises the administration of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a combination of MPA sodium salt and one or more immunosuppressant compounds selected from the group consisting of (a) an IL-2 transcription inhibitor, especially cyclosporine, and (b) rapamycin and/or derivatives thereof, especially 40-O-(2- hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin.
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a combination of MPA sodium salt and one or more immunosuppressant compounds selected from the group consisting of (a) an IL-2 transcription inhibitor, especially cyclosporine, and (b) rapamycin and/or derivatives thereof, especially 40-O-(2- hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin.
• compositions comprising compounds selected from the group consisting of (a) an IL-2 transcription inhibitor and (b) immunosuppressant compounds that immunosuppress for B- cell-mediated or antibody-mediated rejection of xenografts, in the treatment of a condition as hereinabove described.
• the invention provides the use of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a combination of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of MPA, for example the sodium salt of MPA, rapamycin and/or derivatives thereof including 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin, and IL-2 transcription inhibitors, in the treatment of a condition as hereinabove described.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of MPA for example the sodium salt of MPA, rapamycin and/or derivatives thereof including 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin, and IL-2 transcription inhibitors
• the invention provides the use of pharmaceutical compositions comprising combinations of MPA sodium salt and one or more immunosuppressant compounds selected from the group consisting of (a) an IL-2 transcription inhibitor, especially cyclosporine, and (b) rapamycin and/or derivatives thereof, especially 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)- rapamycin, in the treatment of a condition as hereinabove described.
• immunosuppressant compounds selected from the group consisting of (a) an IL-2 transcription inhibitor, especially cyclosporine, and (b) rapamycin and/or derivatives thereof, especially 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)- rapamycin, in the treatment of a condition as hereinabove described.
• kit-of-parts comprising any of the pharmaceutical compositions hereinabove described, especially a pharmaceutical composition comprising MPA sodium salt and one or more immunosuppressant compounds selected from the group consisting of (a) an IL-2 transcription inhibitor, especially cyclosporine, and (b) rapamycin and/or derivatives thereof, especially 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)- rapamycin, together with instructions for use in the treatment or prevention of a condition as hereinabove described.
• immunosuppressant compounds selected from the group consisting of (a) an IL-2 transcription inhibitor, especially cyclosporine, and (b) rapamycin and/or derivatives thereof, especially 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)- rapamycin, together with instructions for use in the treatment or prevention of a condition as hereinabove described.
• the dosages of the compounds will vary depending on the individual to be treated, the route of administration and the nature and severity of the condition to be treated.
• an initial dose of about 2 to 3 times the maintenance dose may suitably be administered about 4 to 12 hours before transplantation, followed by a daily dosage of 2 to 3 times the maintenance dosage for one to two weeks, before gradually tapering down the dose at a rate of about 5% per week to reach the maintenance dose.
• each compound may be determined having regard to the particular therapeutic blood levels required for each compound.
• pharmaceutical compositions may be formed that are tolerated and which display synergistic action in immune suppression.
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising (a) an IL-2 transcription inhibitor, in particular cyclosporine, that may be delivered to a patient at a dosage such that the 16 hour blood trough level is e.g. up to 1500 ng per ml, e.g. 50 to 1500, e.g. 50 to 1000 ng per ml, e.g. up to 500 ng per ml, , e.g. 50 to 500 ng per ml, more particularly 100 to 500 ng per ml, e.g.
• the 16 hour blood trough level is e.g. 0.1 to 20, e.g. 0.1 to 10, e.g. 1 to 10, preferably 3 to 6 ⁇ g per ml of the active substance, or is e.g. 1 to 90, e.g. 5 to 50, e.g. 10 to 35 ng per ml, more particularly 10 to 20 ng per ml.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of MPA for example the sodium salt of MPA
• the 16 hour blood trough level is e.g. 0.1 to 20, e.g. 0.1 to 10, e.g. 1 to 10, preferably 3 to 6 ⁇ g per ml of MPA.
• IL-2 transcription inhibitors, e.g. cyclosporine may be delivered to a patient at a dosage such that the 16 hour blood trough level of, e.g. cyclosporine is e.g. up to 1500 ng per ml, e.g. 50 to 1500, e.g. 50 to 1000 ng per ml, e.g.
• Rapamycin and/or derivatives thereof, e.g. 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin may be delivered to a patient at a dosage such that the 16 hour blood trough level of, e.g. 40-O-(2- hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin is e.g. 1 to 90, e.g. 5 to 50, e.g. 10 to 35 ng per ml, more particularly 10 to 20 ng per ml.
• the blood concentrations hereinabove described may be determined according to any convenient method known in the art.
• blood may be collected in EDTA-coated containers, and detection of blood levels may be carried out by, e.g. radioimmunoassay or by ELISA.
• Detection of MPA is suitably carried out after protein precipitation using acetonitrile using an HPLC method with UV detection at 305 nm. From the data collected in this way, the blood trough levels may be calculated by methods known in the art.
• the skilled person may determine those dosages that provide a therapeutic amount of compound at a level that is tolerated and which exhibits synergistic action in immune suppression.
• the weight ratio of component compounds of the pharmaceutical compositions may vary having regard to the desired blood trough levels stated hereinabove.
• compositions may comprise combinations of (a) an IL-2 transcription inhibitor and (b) an immunosuppressant compound or compounds that immunosuppress for B-cell-mediated or antibody-mediated rejection of xenografts in a weight ratio of e.g. about 1 :50 to 1000:1 , e.g. about 1 :50 to 500:1 , e.g. about 1 :50 to 200:1 , more particularly 1 :2 to 50:1 , e.g. 10:1.
• a pharmaceutical composition comprises MPA sodium salt and cyclosporine in a weight ratio of e.g. about 1 :0.03 to about 1 :2, e.g. about 1:0.03 to about 1:0.5.
• a pharmaceutical composition comprises MPA sodium salt and 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin in a weight ratio of about 1 :0.0005 to 0.015, to 1 :0.001 to 0.0075, in particular, 1 :0.0025.
• MPA sodium salt may be applied at a dosage of e.g. 10 to 200, e.g. 10 to 100 mg/kg/day, preferably 20 to 60 mg/kg/day, in particular 40 to 60 mg/kg/day; whereas cyclosporine may be applied at a dosage of e.g. 10 to 100, e.g. 10 to 50 mg/kg/day, preferably 10 to 15 mg/kg/day, in particular 3 to 6 mg/kg/day. Most preferably MPA sodium salt may be applied at a dosage of 20 mg/kg/day and cyclosporine may be applied at a dosage of 10 mg/kg/day.
• MPA may be applied at dosages referred to in the preceding paragraph, whereas 40-O-(2- hydroxyethyl)- rapamycin may be applied at a dosage of from 0.05 to ..5 mg/kg/day, e.g. 0.1 to 0.75 mg/kg/day, e.g. 0.25 to 0.5 mg/kg/day.
• MPA sodium salt may be applied at a dosage of 20 mg/kg/day and 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin may be applied at a dosage of 1.5 mg/kg/day.
• cyclosporine may be applied at a dosage of e.g. 10 to 100, e.g. 10 to 50 mg/kg/day, preferably 10 to 15 mg/kg/day, in particular 3 to 6 mg/kg/day; whereas 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin may be applied at a dosage of 0.05 to 1.5 mg/kg/day, e.g. 0.1 to 0.75 mg/kg/day, e.g. 0.25 to 0.5 mg/kg/day.
• MPA sodium salt may be applied at a dosage of e.g. 10 to 200, e.g. 10 to 100 mg/kg/day, preferably 20 to 60 mg/kg/day, in particular 40 to 60 mg/kg/day;
• cyclosporine may be applied at a dosage of e.g. 10 to 100, e.g. 10 to 50 mg/kg/day, preferably 10 to 15 mg/kg/day, in particular 3 to 6 mg/kg/day.
• 40-O-(2- hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin may be applied at a dosage of from 0.05 to 1.5 mg/kg/day, e.g. 0.1 to 0.75 mg/kg/day, e.g.
• MPA sodium salt may be applied at a dosage of 20 mg/kg/day
• 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin may be applied at a dosage of 1.5 mg/kg/day
• Cyclosporine may be applied at a dosage of 10 mg/kg/day.
• the dosages referred to hereinabove may be administered to a patient in any convenient way, for example individual dosages referred to hereinabove may be administered daily in 2 divided doses. Any regimen may be used, provided that therapeutic amounts of the individual compounds are delivered to the patient.
• an indicated daily dosage for MPA sodium salt is in the range of 0.5 to 2.0 g/day, e.g. about 1.5 g/day
• cyclosporine is in the range of from about 25 mg to about 1000 mg per day, preferably 50 mg to 500 mg per day
• 40-O-(2- hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin is in the range from about 0.25 mg to about 15 mg per day.
• the application of the pharmaceutical composition may be preceded by the administration of a suitable induction therapy, chosen from any suitable induction therapy known in the art, for example a short course of cyclophosphamide, e.g. up to 40 mg/kg, e.g. 20 to 40 mg/kg i.v. per day for 4 days.
• a tapering course of steroids e.g. methylprednisolone at a concentration of 1 mg/kg at day one tapering to a baseline of 0.2 mg/kg/day may be administered.
• the compounds hereinabove described may be used in pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention in free or fixed combination, preferably in free combination.
• free' is meant that each compound is formulated separately in a discrete dosage form.
• 'fixed' is meant that the compounds are formulated together in one carrier.
• the pharmaceutical compositions may be both free and fixed whereby two or more compounds may be formulated in a single carrier whereas a further compound of the pharmaceutical composition may be formulated as a discrete dosage form.
• the individual dosage forms may be taken together or substantially at the same time (e.g. within fifteen minutes or less) so that, in the case of oral administration for example, said compounds are present simultaneously in the stomach.
• composition according to the invention may be formulated in any convenient dosage form, the component compounds being either in a single carrier or formulated as discrete dosage forms as in a free combination, for example oral dosage forms, e.g. solid oral dosage forms or solutions or dispersions, or in forms suitable for intravenous administration.
• oral dosage forms e.g. solid oral dosage forms or solutions or dispersions, or in forms suitable for intravenous administration.
• compositions for oral administration of, e.g. cyclosporine and/or 40-O-(2- hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin are suitably emulsions, microemulsions, preconcentrates of either, or solid dispersions, especially water-in-oil microemulsion preconcentrates or oil-in-water microemulsions.
• Cyclosporine may be formulated in any of the ways known in the art, in particular the known microemulsion preconcentrate formulations of cyclosporine are particularly suitable for use in the present invention.
• 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin may be formulated in any of the ways known in the art, for example as a microemulsion (see WO 96/13273), as a fat emulsion for use in intravenous administration (see WO 97/25977), as a suspension (see WO 96/13239) or as a solid oral dosage form, for example, as a co-precipitate with a suitable carrier medium (a so-called solid dispersion) as more fully described in WO 97/03654 all of which documents are incorporated herein by reference.
• a microemulsion see WO 96/13273
• a fat emulsion for use in intravenous administration see WO 97/25977
• a suspension see WO 96/13239
• solid oral dosage form for example, as a co-precipitate with a suitable carrier medium (a so-called solid dispersion) as more fully described in WO 97/03654 all of which documents are
• MPA sodium salt may be formulated in any of the ways described in WO 97/38689 which is incorporated herein by reference, in particular as a solid oral dosage form, e.g. an enteric- coated tablet.
• compositions according to the invention are useful as therapies in the treatment or prevention of xenograft rejection, including acute or chronic rejection of an organ from a discordant species, e.g. heart, lung, combined heart-lung, liver, kidney, islet cells, most especially when the rejection is mediated by B-cells or antibodies.
• a discordant species e.g. heart, lung, combined heart-lung, liver, kidney, islet cells, most especially when the rejection is mediated by B-cells or antibodies.
• compositions are useful in the treatments as set forth in the preceding paragraph, nevertheless a significant obstacle in the successful treatment of patients with the afore-mentioned pharmaceutical compositions is the prevention or amelioration of hyperacute rejection.
• Hyperacute rejection is the first immunological barrier to the transplantation of a donor organ from discordant species into humans. It occurs when the recipient's own immune system attacks and destroys the transplanted organ, usually within minutes or within a number of hours. Hyperacute rejection occurs in a xenograft because humans have preformed xenoreactive antibodies which bind to the animal tissue activating the human complement cascade and leading to graft damage. Accordingly, organ transplants from animal species, such as a pig, into humans may not be viable unless treatments are available that prevent hyperacute rejection.
• antibodies may nevertheless trigger damage to the donor organ and thereby compromise the organ leading to poor early graft function or premature organ failure notwithstanding the administration of immunosuppressive therapies.
• transgenic donor organ may be enhanced if a recipient receives treatment to remove xenoantibodies extracorporeally as well as receiving appropriate immunosuppressive drug therapy.
• the invention provides in another aspect a method of treating a patient in need of such therapy comprising i) exposing the body fluid removed from a human recipient with a xenoantigenic material or anti human mono- or polyclonal antibodies or an other antibody adsorbent, which is bound to a biocompatible solid support, ii) reintroducing the treated body fluid into the recipient, and iii) treating the recipient with immunosuppressive drug therapy comprising a combination of immunosuppressant compounds selected from the group consisting of (a) IL-2 transcription inhibitor and (b) immunosuppressant compounds that immunosuppress for B-cell-mediated or antibody-mediated rejection of xenografts.
• the group of immunosuppressant compounds consists of (a) an IL-2 transcription inhibitor and (b) immunosuppressant compounds that immunosuppress for B- cell-mediated or antibody-mediated rejection of xenografts.
• the step i) may be carried out using an Ig- Therasorb® column thereby selectively immunoadsorbing IgM, IgG and IgA.
• the step i) is usually carried out pre-operatively. However, alternatively or additionally it may be used perioperatively or post-operatively in parallel with the .nimunosuppressive drug therapy. Such post-operative use may be used if during treatment a build up of xenospecific antibodies is detected. Judicious use of the step i) and ii) pre-operatively, perioperatively and/or post-operatively in parallel with the immunosuppressive drug therapy may contribute significantly to the long term survival of donor organs.
• preferred immunosuppressive drug therapies for use in step iii) comprise any of the pharmaceutical compositions, dosages and other aspects as hereinabove described.
• Example 1 Organ Xenograft Studies: Porcine Kidney to Cvnomol ⁇ us Monkey
• Immunosuppression consists of induction therapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, Neoral® and a tapering course of steroids followed by maintenance therapy with a free combination of cyclosporine and MPA sodium salt as set forth in Table 1.
• Induction therapy consists of four non-consecutive daily intravenous injections of cyclophosphamide (40 mg/kg), Neoral® and methylprednisolone low dose treatment (1 mg/kg) day one and thereafter reducing the dose each day by 0.05 mg/kg, and subsequently to a baseline dose of 0.02 mg/kg/day as part of the maintenance therapy.
• Maintenance therapy subsequent to the induction therapy, consists of cyclosporine (Neoral®) and MPA sodium salt (MPA Na in Table 1) in the form of a powder in a 1% methylcellulose (Courtauld's Chemicals) solution.
• Dosing occurs twice daily at 8 am and 4 pm and the doses set forth in Table 1 are equally divided for that purpose. Dosing is carried out by gastric gavage under slight ketamine anaesthesia (10 mg/kg) in a volume of 2 ml/kg of body weight followed by flushing with at least 10 ml/kg physiological saline.
• Neoral bid Twice per day
• Donor male Chinese hamsters are obtained from Tongji Medical University.
• Recipient male SD rats are obtained from Tongji Medical University.
• Maintenance therapy consists of MPA sodium in the form of a powder in a 1% methylcellulose (Courtauld's Chemicals) solution, cyclosporine (Neoral®), and/or 40-O-(2- hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin in the form of a solid dispersion at 9.09% by weight, together with HPMC (81.82% by weight) and lactose (9.09% by weight).
• MPA sodium in the form of a powder in a 1% methylcellulose (Courtauld's Chemicals) solution, cyclosporine (Neoral®), and/or 40-O-(2- hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin in the form of a solid dispersion at 9.09% by weight, together with HPMC (81.82% by weight) and lactose (9.09% by weight).
• Table 2 illustrates significant prolongation of xenografts using compositions according to the invention.
• Cyclosporin A (Sandimmun®) given via intramuscular injection at a concentration of 100 mg/ml; and Optoral® given by oral gavage at 100 mg/ml.
• Cyclophosphamide (CyP) Endoxan® for injection at 200 mg/ml
• Mycophenolate sodium In a form describe in Example 2 above.
• Methylprednisolon (MPS) Urbason® in a 40 mg vial.
• Prednisolon PDN: Prednesol® as a 5 mg tablet.
• CyA is applied initially as i.m. injection at a dose of 25 mg/kg/day after surgery. On the first post-operative day 20 mg/kg is applied i.m.. In the afternoon Optoral is given by oral gavage at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Thereafter doses are modified according to CyA trough levels aiming at > 1500 ng/ml.
• CyP is given i.v. on the day before surgery at 40 mg/kg, on the day of surgery at 20 mg/kg and on the second post-operative day at 20-30 mg/kg. An additional dose may be given up to 20 mg/kg on day 4. The last dose may be modified according to WBC and platelet count. Thereafter, CyP is administered only for rejection treatment. Mycophenolic acid sodium is given orally twice a day to ensure trough levels of 3-6 ⁇ g/ml.
• MPS is given at the time of surgery at a dose of 1 mg/kg i.v.. On the following two days the same dose will be applied orally and thereafter the dose is reduced to 0.05 mg/kg/day until a baseline of 0.2 mg/kg is reached.
• Body weight of the animals is taken during morning dosing . Food is provided one hour after morning dosing and water is freely available.
• immunoadsorption For Xenotransplantation of transgenic organs immunoadsorption is carried out pre- operatively using an Ig-Therasorb® column. According to the xenoreactive natural antibody titre, between 6 and 14 cycles are carried out withdrawing blood from a central venous catheter.
• the treatment was well tolerated and the xenografts exhibited good long term survival.

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Transplantation (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
• Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Medicinal Preparation (AREA)

Priority Applications (10)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Related Child Applications (1)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=26315533

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (4)

Families Citing this family (4)

Family Cites Families (20)

• 2000
  • 2000-05-10 AT AT00927193T patent/ATE474590T1/de active
  • 2000-05-10 AU AU45650/00A patent/AU4565000A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2000-05-10 DE DE60044717T patent/DE60044717D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-05-10 EP EP08158054A patent/EP1980263A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2000-05-10 JP JP2000616798A patent/JP2002544167A/ja active Pending
  • 2000-05-10 EP EP00927193A patent/EP1181034B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-05-10 WO PCT/EP2000/004250 patent/WO2000067773A2/en not_active Ceased
• 2001
  • 2001-11-07 US US10/035,663 patent/US20020132764A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2005
  • 2005-07-11 US US11/178,573 patent/US20050277585A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2006
  • 2006-11-15 US US11/599,814 patent/US20070060511A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2008
  • 2008-04-24 US US12/109,210 patent/US20080199478A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2011
  • 2011-02-11 US US13/025,347 patent/US8435520B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

Non-Patent Citations (2)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events