WO2000066176A2 - Mittel zur gentherapie und zur prävention von metastasen bzw. zur gentherapie von tumoren - Google Patents
Mittel zur gentherapie und zur prävention von metastasen bzw. zur gentherapie von tumorenInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000066176A2 WO2000066176A2 PCT/DE2000/001416 DE0001416W WO0066176A2 WO 2000066176 A2 WO2000066176 A2 WO 2000066176A2 DE 0001416 W DE0001416 W DE 0001416W WO 0066176 A2 WO0066176 A2 WO 0066176A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- composition according
- promoter
- timp
- transgene
- agent
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/55—Protease inhibitors
- A61K38/57—Protease inhibitors from animals; from humans
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/177—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/39—Connective tissue peptides, e.g. collagen, elastin, laminin, fibronectin, vitronectin, cold insoluble globulin [CIG]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/43—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/46—Hydrolases (3)
- A61K38/50—Hydrolases (3) acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds (3.5), e.g. asparaginase
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
- A61P35/04—Antineoplastic agents specific for metastasis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
Definitions
- liver metastases of colorectal origin are the leading cause of death for patients with colorectal cancer. Since they are often the only manifestation of the disease over a long period of time after surgical removal of the primary tumor, they are a possible target for curative therapeutic approaches (Dreben, JA and Niederhuber, JE. (1993) Cancer of the lower gastrointestinal tract - colon cancer. In : Niederhuber, JE ed. Current Therapy in Oncology. St. Louis, MO: Decker, 426-431). The potentially curative surgical removal of liver metastases is only possible for a small percentage of the patients and temporary remissions are shown for chemotherapy but no life extension. There is therefore an urgent need for alternative forms of therapy.
- SPARE BLADE (RULE 26) harbors the problem of inadequate reaching of the tumor, which presents itself with increased intratumoral pressure and limited blood supply and is insufficiently met even with the direct intratumoral injection of gene therapy transfer vehicles which is usually carried out.
- the systemic or regional administration of the vectors then required makes it much easier to infect the surrounding normal tissue than the tumor cells.
- the invention aims to improve the prophylaxis and therapy of tumor metastases and primary tumors.
- the invention is implemented according to the claims.
- the strategy developed according to the invention circumvents the problem of the difficult accessibility of the tumor tissue by declaring the easily accessible normal tissue to be the primary gene therapy target.
- the method is characterized in that the normal organ tissue is equipped with defense functions directly at the site of a potential or existing metastasis, which prevent the establishment or further growth of the metastases. The further spread of an inoperable primary tumor can also be prevented.
- This strategy of impregnating healthy tissue differs fundamentally from all gene therapy and non-gene therapy approaches carried out to date. Compared to systemic or intraperitoneal application e.g. Synthetic protease inhibitors (Nelson, NJ (1998) Inhibitors of Angiogenesis enter phase III testing, J Natl.
- the advantage of the gene therapy approach is to achieve very high concentrations of active substance locally in the target organ with the Advantage of the reduction of side effects and the possibility of simultaneous application of several inhibitors (see below).
- permanent gene expression after a single vector application is less expensive and has fewer side effects than repeated administration of synthetic substances over a longer period of time.
- Embodiment 1 Gene therapy of colorectal liver metastases by adenoviral transfer of metalloproteinase inhibitors (TIMPs) into the liver parenchyma
- TIMPs metalloproteinase inhibitors
- MMPs various metalloproteinases
- ECM extracellular matrix
- the basic therapeutic idea developed according to the invention is to have metalloproteinases secrete through the liver parenchyma in order to inhibit metastatic tumor cells from their extravasion, to prevent further infiltration of already established metastases and to prevent the supply of the tumors with vessels by inhibiting vascular development .
- tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) was selected.
- REPLACEMENT3L ⁇ T (RULE 26) This inhibitor, like several related substances, physiologically limits MMP activity in remodeling processes. By binding to MMP-2, TIMP-2 can inhibit their activity.
- adenoviruses which are among the most established gene transfer systems, were used as vectors for gene transfer (Brand, K. and Strauss, M (1998) Molecular basis of gene transfer and application for gene therapy. In: Ruckpaul, D. and Ganten, D. (ed .) Handbook of Molecular Medicine, Vol. 2 Tumor Diseases, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York). These vectors, which cannot replicate due to the lack of the adenoviral E1 gene, infect epithelial cells with high efficiency and can be generated in the necessary large amounts.
- Ad-TIMP-2 hepatocyte cell line from p53 knockout mice
- MOIs multiplicities of infection
- Ad-TIMP-2 The construction of Ad-TIMP-2 has been described (Baker, AH, Wilkinson, GW, Hembry, RM, Murphy, G., and Newby, AC (1996) Development of recombinant adenoviruses that drive high level expression of the human metalloproteinase- 9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and -2 genes: characterization of their infection into rabbit smooth muscle cells and human MCF-7 adenocarcinoma cells. Matrix Biol.
- the virus contains the human TIMP-2 cDNA under the control of the CMV promoter.
- the cell culture supernatant (ZKÜ) was obtained 24 hours or 48 hours later. 10 ⁇ l were applied to a 10% polyacrylamide gel and, after electrophoretic separation, transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane.
- a monoclonal antibody (T2-101, Ab-1 from Dianova, Hamburg, Germany) was used for the immunological detection.
- the Western blot showed a strong TIMP-2 band in the supernatant from Ad-TIMP-2 infected cells and no bands in uninfected and control virus-infected supernatants.
- TIMP-2 The functionality of TIMP-2 was determined using reverse zymography (according to Baker, AH, Wilkinson, GW, Hembry, RM, Murphy, G., and Newby, AC (1996) Development of recombinant adenoviruses that drive high level expression of the human metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and -2 genes: characterization of their infection into rabbit smooth muscle cells and human MCF-7 adenocarcinoma cells. Matrix Biol. 15: 383-395). Cells were infected as described in (a). The ZKÜ was concentrated using an Amicon concentrator (Lexington, MA, USA).
- the gel was incubated overnight in 50 mM Tris HCl, pH 8.0, 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM CaCl 2 , 0.05% Brij-35, and 0.02% NaN 3 at 37 ° C.
- the gel was stained with 0.5% Coomassie Brilliant Blue (SIGMA R250, Deisenhofen, Germany) and bands of gelatinase inhibitory activity representing TIMP-2 then appear dark against the digested background.
- Reverse zymography showed gelatinase inhibitory activity only in the supernatants of Ad-TIMP-2 infected cells and not in the supernatants of uninfected or control virus infected cells.
- adenoviruses were injected into the tail vein of nude mice. After three days, the animals were sacrificed and the livers frozen in liquid nitrogen. A monoclonal mouse antibody against human TIMP-2 (1:10, T2-101, Ab-1, Dianova, Hamburg, Germany) was used for the immunohistochemical detection of TIMP-2. A FITC conjugated sheep anti-mouse antibody was used as the secondary antibody. The result of the staining resulted in expression of TIMP-2 by 40% of the hepatocytes at a dose of 3x10 10 pfu and> 80% at a dose of 6x10 10 pfu. A similar gene transfer efficiency was documented after the application of Ad-ßgal and subsequent X-gal staining.
- Ad-TIMP-2 The effectiveness of intravenous administration of Ad-TIMP-2 against LS 174 derived liver metastases was tested with the following experiments. Adenoviruses were administered 1 day before or 10 days after metastasis induction. The metastasis was induced by applying 2x10 6 LS174 cells in the spleen of the animals. The animals were sacrificed 5 weeks after metastasis induction and the tumor weights were determined. In the preventive test approach, Ad-TIMP-2 or Ad-ßgal control virus was administered via the tail vein in a dose of 3x10 10 pfu on day 0, which leads to approximately 40% liver cell infection. After 3 days, the metastasis was induced by the spleen injection of tumor cells described above.
- Ad-TIMP-2 Ad-ßgal or untreated, Figure 2
- points correspond to individual animals
- bars correspond to the mean values.
- the histopathological examination only showed isolated micrometastases in the macroscopically tumor-free animals of the Ad-TIMP-2 group. It can thus be established that the gene therapy mediated secretion of TIMP-2 by hepatocytes limits both the number and the size of colorectal metastases in the nude mouse model in a highly significant manner. This finding was surprising in its uniqueness and speaks for a central, irreplaceable function of the MMP-2.
- livers of the animals of both experimental approaches were processed histologically in order to examine them for the standard tumor parameters apoptosis and proliferation as well as the extent of angiogenesis.
- paraffin sections of the liver were prepared and stained with the following antibodies: A CD31 antibody (Daco, Hamburg, Germany) was used to detect the angiogenesis, and an MIB-1 (Ki- 67) Antibodies (dia 505, Dianova). The detection was carried out using a biotinylated second antibody and a horse-radish-conjugated avidin (Dako). An ApopTag fluorescein in situ apoptosis kit (Intergen, Oxford, UK, TUNEL method) was used to detect apoptosis. Deparaffinized sections were pretreated with Proteinase K.
- Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase was used for primary staining and anti-digoxigenin conjugated to fluorescein was used as the reporter molecule.
- Propidium iodide was used as a counterstain. Mitoses were counted on hematoxylin / eosin stained sections. 10 microscopic fields per animal were measured at a magnification of x400 (MIB, mitoses, CD31) or with an oil immersion objective (x1000, TUNEL) using a Zeiss (axioscope) fluorescence microscope (Carl Zeiss, Jena,
- REPLACEMENT BUTT (RULE 26) Germany) were counted and the mean values were calculated. The mean values of all data from tumor-bearing animals in the individual treatment groups were calculated and Student's t-test was used for statistical analysis. There was a significantly to highly significantly reduced proliferation rate and number of blood vessels and an increased apoptosis rate in animals treated with Ad-TIMP-2 compared to untreated or control virus-treated animals.
- inventions relate to vectors, promoters / enhancers, transgenes, transmembrane anchors and target organs
- a promising approach to reducing immunogenicity is the outsourcing of all coding adenoviral genome sections from the therapeutic vector (Chen, HH et al. (1997) Persistence in muscle of an adenoviral vector that lacks all viral genes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 94, 1645-1650).
- the transport capacity of such viruses is increased considerably, so that several transgenes have space on one vector, which enables an attack at different points in the metastasis cascade.
- TIMP-2-bearing, so-called helper dependent (HD), gutless, or minimal adenoviruses can presumably offer long-term protection against organ metastasis.
- Retroviruses and adeno-associated viruses are further vectors that allow longer foreign gene expression. Both viruses are not immunogenic and necessarily integrate (retroviruses) or potentially (AAVs) into the genome of the host cell. While with retroviruses the need for replication of the target cells and the difficulty of the generation of high-titer virus suspensions still exist If problems arise, modern AAV vectors could already be used in the medium term for the gene transfer of protease inhibitors.
- Promising vectors are also lentiviruses, hybrid constructs and herpes simplex viruses, which have a high affinity for neuronal tissue and are therefore particularly suitable for the treatment of brain metastases and glioblastomas.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention is the modifications in the surface structure of viruses, which enables retargeting of the vectors. This is achieved by expressing a suitable ligand on viral spikes, which enables a specific transduction of certain normal tissues. For example, by incorporating a heparin domain, heparan-expressing cells can be specifically transduced adenovirally.
- Enhancers / promoters can be used which are active in the normal tissue to be protected. In most cases, this includes the organ parenchyma. In individual cases, expression of antitumor transgenes by underrepresented cells of the organ can also be useful, e.g. secretion of collagen e.g. through fibroblasts.
- promoters that are only activated after the addition of a foreign substance.
- promoters such as. B. tetracycline-dependent promoter elements or steroid responsive elements, you have the option to impregnate only sporadically or to select the most dangerous times for metastasis.
- TIMP-2 is the appropriate protein for the treatment of LS174 cell derived metastases.
- MMP-2 which is inhibited by TIMP-2, is one of the most relevant proteases for tumor cell invasion.
- other cell lines also produce other MMPs, and this is also reflected in the protease pattern of human tumors.
- the extracellular matrix of the target organs is also different
- SPARE BLADE constructed which places different demands on the tumor cell proteases.
- a general approach must therefore include protease inhibitors other than TIMP-2, such as TIMP-1, PAI-1 or PAI-2. Modifications in the structure of the naturally occurring inhibitors lead to an increase in effectiveness or a reduction in any side effects. Such modifications consist of shortening the molecule or changing the sequence by exchanging individual bases of the DNA. For example, by removing a terminal (C-terminal) part of the TIMP-2 molecule, it is possible to remove its unwanted protease-activating function.
- ECM extracellular matrix
- Naturally occurring components of the extracellular matrix can be overexpressed here. This includes the genes for the various collagens, fibronectin, laminin and genes whose products are responsible for the synthesis of non-protein components of the ECM.
- components of the ECM which are usually not expressed in the organ in question, can be expressed in a non-local manner and thus the organ specificity of metastases can be changed.
- non-degradable or poorly degradable substances that are an insurmountable obstacle for metastatic cells can be expressed.
- Vector construction The two polypeptide chains that generate the triple helix of the collagen fibril are cloned into a minimal adenovirus shuttle vector.
- a tet activator-responsive and doxycycline-dependent promoter is used as the promoter in order to keep the extent of transgene expression controllable.
- the tet activator is also brought onto the shuttle plasmid.
- Another way to block tumor cell invasion and motility is to strengthen cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions.
- E-cadherin is responsible for the interaction of epithelial cells and a loss of E-cadherin by cells in the primary tumor
- Cadherin gene under the control of the RSV promoter carries: Ad-RSV-E-Cad.
- A2 cells are transduced with Ad-RSV-E-Cad for functional testing.
- An increase in adhesion is determined by determining the amount of time it takes for trypsin to separate the cells.
- Ad-RSV-E-Cad is administered in
- suicide genes are used to impregnate normal tissue. To do this, they must be equipped with a membrane anchor sequence in order to be extracellularly effective and to be able to also toxically apply an applied prodrug extracellularly.
- the gene for the suicide gene cytosine deaminase under the control of the
- HNFAIbumin promoter is provided with a membrane anchor sequence so that it is expressed in the membrane after transfection.
- A2 cells are transduced with AAV-HNFAIb-CD-Tm. 24 hours after
- the Prodrug 5-FC is added to the cell culture supernatant (ZKÜ). 5-FC is now transferred to the cytotoxic 5-FU through the membrane-bound CD.
- the supernatant is collected after 24 h and applied to the cell line LS174 and to resting primary hepatocytes. After a further 72 hours, cell counts are made and the extent of apoptosis is determined.
- the method according to the invention was developed using the disease model described above.
- the model can also be applied to other tumor diseases.
- the most common clinical pictures include liver, lung, bone and brain metastases in breast cancer with latency periods of up to 10 years after removal of the primary tumor, a period that has so far elapsed, brain metastases in bronchial cancer and bone metastases in prostate cancer.
- the protection of the surrounding normal tissue according to the above-mentioned principle is conceivable.
- FIG. 1 Prevention of liver metastasis by systemic application of Ad-TIMP-2.
- Ad-TIMP-2 On day 0, 3x10 10 pfu Ad-TIMP-2 or Ad-ßgal were applied to the tail vein of nude mice. 3 days later, the animals received an intrasplenic injection of LS174 colon carcinoma cells to induce liver metastases. Representative in situ photographs of untreated (left), Ad-ßgal-treated (middle) and Ad-TIMP-2 treated (right) animals after 5 weeks.
- Figure 2 Methodology as in Figure 1. After 5 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the tumor masses were determined. Points correspond to individual animals, bars correspond to the mean values.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU58022/00A AU5802200A (en) | 1999-04-30 | 2000-05-02 | Agent for gene therapy and for the prevention of metastases, as well as for the gene therapy of tumors |
EP00943552A EP1173225A2 (de) | 1999-04-30 | 2000-05-02 | Mittel zur gentherapie und zur prävention von metastasen bzw. zur gentherapie von tumoren |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19919865.9 | 1999-04-30 | ||
DE19919865 | 1999-04-30 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000066176A2 true WO2000066176A2 (de) | 2000-11-09 |
WO2000066176A3 WO2000066176A3 (de) | 2001-03-29 |
WO2000066176A9 WO2000066176A9 (de) | 2002-09-12 |
Family
ID=7906517
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2000/001416 WO2000066176A2 (de) | 1999-04-30 | 2000-05-02 | Mittel zur gentherapie und zur prävention von metastasen bzw. zur gentherapie von tumoren |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1173225A2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1367704A (de) |
AU (1) | AU5802200A (de) |
DE (1) | DE10022687A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000066176A2 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003006657A2 (de) * | 2001-07-13 | 2003-01-23 | Custos Biotechnologie Gmbh | Genregulatorische elemente zur gentherapie, zur prävention und diagnose von metastasen und zur gentherapie von tumoren |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10159128A1 (de) * | 2001-07-13 | 2003-01-23 | Karsten Brand | Genregulatorische Elemente zur Gentherapie, zur Prävention und Diagnose von Metastasen bzw. zur Gentherapie von Tumoren |
WO2017214941A1 (zh) * | 2016-06-16 | 2017-12-21 | 毛侃琅 | 一种提升SelP基因表达水平的慢病毒载体及其应用 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1996003515A2 (en) * | 1994-07-27 | 1996-02-08 | Cancer Research Campaign Technology Limited | Surface expression of enzyme in gene directed prodrug therapy |
WO1997004117A1 (de) * | 1995-07-15 | 1997-02-06 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V., Berlin | Leberspezifischer adenovirus-expressionsvektor |
US5731192A (en) * | 1993-08-27 | 1998-03-24 | Yale University | Collagen COL4A6: gene, protein and method of detecting collagen deficiency |
-
2000
- 2000-05-02 CN CN00808901A patent/CN1367704A/zh active Pending
- 2000-05-02 EP EP00943552A patent/EP1173225A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-05-02 AU AU58022/00A patent/AU5802200A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-05-02 DE DE10022687A patent/DE10022687A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-05-02 WO PCT/DE2000/001416 patent/WO2000066176A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5731192A (en) * | 1993-08-27 | 1998-03-24 | Yale University | Collagen COL4A6: gene, protein and method of detecting collagen deficiency |
WO1996003515A2 (en) * | 1994-07-27 | 1996-02-08 | Cancer Research Campaign Technology Limited | Surface expression of enzyme in gene directed prodrug therapy |
WO1997004117A1 (de) * | 1995-07-15 | 1997-02-06 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V., Berlin | Leberspezifischer adenovirus-expressionsvektor |
Non-Patent Citations (10)
Title |
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AHMAD A ET AL: "Mechanisms of metastasis." CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ONCOLOGY-HEMATOLOGY, Bd. 26, Nr. 3, Dezember 1997 (1997-12), Seiten 163-173, XP000953342 ISSN: 1040-8428 * |
BLEZINGER P ET AL: "Systemic inhibition of tumor growth and tumor metastases by intramuscular administration of the endostatin gene." NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY, (1999 APR) 17 (4) 343-8. , XP002151680 * |
BOEDEKER B ET AL: "Design of transmembrane suicide fusion genes for genetic manipulation of T-cells." BLOOD, Bd. 86, Nr. 10 SUPPL. 1, 1995, Seite 995A XP000953303 37th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Hematology;Seattle, Washington, USA; December 1-5, 1995 ISSN: 0006-4971 * |
DATABASE BIOSIS [Online] BIOSCIENCES INFORMATION SERVICE, PHILADELPHIA, PA, US; 10. Februar 1999 (1999-02-10) SCHULTZ JAN ET AL: "Long-lasting anti-metastatic efficiency of interleukin 12-encoding plasmid DNA." Database accession no. PREV199900145697 XP002151681 & HUMAN GENE THERAPY, Bd. 10, Nr. 3, 10. Februar 1999 (1999-02-10), Seiten 407-417, ISSN: 1043-0342 * |
GOSSEN M ET AL: "TIGHT CONTROL OF GENE EXPRESSION IN MAMMALIAN CELLS BY TETRACYCLINE-RESPONSIVE PROMOTERS" PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF USA,US,NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. WASHINGTON, Bd. 89, Nr. 12, 15. Juni 1992 (1992-06-15), Seiten 5547-5551, XP000564458 ISSN: 0027-8424 * |
HUANG Y W ET AL: "Adhesion molecules as targets for cancer therapy." HISTOLOGY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY, (1997 APR) 12 (2) 467-77. REF: 119 , XP000953300 * |
KAWAMATA H. ET AL: "Over-expression of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP1 and TIMP2) suppresses extravsation of pulmonary metastasis of a rat bladder carcinoma." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, (1995) 63/5 (680-687). , XP000953304 * |
LI H ET AL: "Adenovirus-mediated delivery of a uPA/uPAR antagonist suppresses angiogenesis-dependent tumor growth and dissemination in mice." GENE THERAPY, Bd. 5, Nr. 8, August 1998 (1998-08), Seiten 1105-1113, XP000953414 ISSN: 0969-7128 * |
MARAIS R. ET AL: "A cell surface tethered enzyme improves efficiency in gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy" NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY, (1997), 15/13 (1373-1377), 32 REFERENCE(S) CODEN: NABIF0 ISSN: 1087-0156, XP002151679 C.J. Springer, CRC Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, Cotswold Rd., Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, United Kingdom. E-mail: carolineÐicr.ac.uk * |
XIAO W ET AL: "Adeno - associated virus as a vector for liver-directed gene therapy" JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY,US,THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY, Bd. 72, Nr. 12, Dezember 1998 (1998-12), Seiten 10222-10226, XP002125023 ISSN: 0022-538X * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003006657A2 (de) * | 2001-07-13 | 2003-01-23 | Custos Biotechnologie Gmbh | Genregulatorische elemente zur gentherapie, zur prävention und diagnose von metastasen und zur gentherapie von tumoren |
WO2003006657A3 (de) * | 2001-07-13 | 2003-11-13 | Custos Biotechnologie Gmbh | Genregulatorische elemente zur gentherapie, zur prävention und diagnose von metastasen und zur gentherapie von tumoren |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1367704A (zh) | 2002-09-04 |
WO2000066176A3 (de) | 2001-03-29 |
AU5802200A (en) | 2000-11-17 |
DE10022687A1 (de) | 2001-02-01 |
EP1173225A2 (de) | 2002-01-23 |
WO2000066176A9 (de) | 2002-09-12 |
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