WO2000065676A1 - Dispositif de pile a combustible supportant le gel et procede d'exploitation de ce systeme - Google Patents

Dispositif de pile a combustible supportant le gel et procede d'exploitation de ce systeme Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2000065676A1
WO2000065676A1 PCT/US2000/010949 US0010949W WO0065676A1 WO 2000065676 A1 WO2000065676 A1 WO 2000065676A1 US 0010949 W US0010949 W US 0010949W WO 0065676 A1 WO0065676 A1 WO 0065676A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
water
recited
cell system
coolant
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2000/010949
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jay K. Neutzler
Frano Barbir
Yan Ngu
Attila Husar
Rachael Snipas
Original Assignee
Energy Partners, L.C.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Energy Partners, L.C. filed Critical Energy Partners, L.C.
Priority to EP00928326A priority Critical patent/EP1216489A1/fr
Priority to AU46580/00A priority patent/AU4658000A/en
Priority to CA002371257A priority patent/CA2371257A1/fr
Priority to JP2000614524A priority patent/JP2002543566A/ja
Priority to MXPA01010724A priority patent/MXPA01010724A/es
Publication of WO2000065676A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000065676A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
    • H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • a fuel cell is a device that generates electrical energy by converting chemical
  • a typical fuel cell includes a casing which houses an
  • the electrolyte membrane is
  • a catalyst layer is disposed on the
  • Suitable catalysts include nickel, silver,
  • a relatively simple type of fuel cell (commonly called a PEM fuel cell) uses hydrogen and oxygen as the fuel and oxidant materials,
  • Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water while at the same time
  • Fuel cells can be classified into several types according to
  • electrolytes such as
  • the overall reaction in the cell i.e. formation of water
  • the overall reaction in the cell i.e. formation of water
  • the rate of heat generation is dependent upon the reaction rate and the heat flux
  • Water is generally used for cooling fuel cells.
  • PEM fuel cells generally require humidification to maintain the moisture of the
  • water loop generally provides both humidification and cooling for fuel cells.
  • Ice formation inside the fuel cell system may
  • coolants must be selected that freeze at temperatures below the freezing point of water.
  • catalyst layer by binding to catalyst sites if such materials are allowed to come in
  • a freeze tolerant fuel cell system including at least one fuel cell made up
  • first and a second gas diffusion layer is disposed between said collector plates;
  • MEA membrane electrode assembly
  • the MEA is interposed between said gas diffusion layers, and
  • the fuel cell stack can further include at least one coolant
  • coolant stream does not contact said MEA while cooling the fuel cell.
  • coolant passage is poisonous to the MEA and thus must be mechanically isolated
  • the surfaces of the coolant passage in contact with the coolant can be selected from the MEA.
  • the coolant can be electrically non-conductive.
  • isolation can be provided by a gasket arrangement around coolant ports running
  • the gaskets are preferably spaced from the gas
  • cooling passage can be positioned outside the
  • the fuel cell coolant loop can include edge cooling within the fuel cell, or a
  • This coolant layer can be provided. This coolant layer can be provided.
  • peripheral port gaskets and the active area membrane can be supported by bridging
  • the sub gaskets extend across the
  • the sub-gaskets can be made of a number of materials, including FEP, TFE, ETFE, PFA, CTFE, E-CTFE, PVF2 and PVF.
  • the fuel cell system is not operating.
  • water can accumulate in the gas diffusion layers as
  • the reactant channels in the collector plates are discontinuous, whereby
  • purging dry gases can be forced
  • surfaces of the channels are preferably essentially impermeable to water.
  • the surfaces of the channels can be essentially impermeable to all fluids.
  • system according to the invention can provide counterflow in the gas diffusion layers
  • the reactant channels of each collector plate can be arranged so the
  • direction of reactant flow in one gas diffusion layer is opposite the direction of
  • Another improvement to assist in water purging relates to the positioning of the outlet channels to use gravitational force.
  • inventions can have reactant outlets in which at least one of the outlets is positioned
  • the drained water can be removed from the system or collected in a
  • the reservoir such as a tank.
  • the tank can be rendered freeze tolerant in a number of
  • watering in the tank can be allowed to freeze
  • the tank is designed to permit expansion of freezing water.
  • the walls of the channels can be tapered
  • a fuel cell system can be made more freeze
  • the shut-down procedure can include the steps of: reducing the fuel cell system
  • the shut down procedure can also include steps to further increase heat of
  • One preferred step includes running said
  • the predetermined temperature can be the freezing
  • the start-up procedure can also preferably
  • the start-up procedures can also include: providing a humidifier for
  • the humidifier for humidification of the gas flows.
  • the heat for melting the water in the reservoir can be obtained from the fuel
  • the steps of an implementing method can include: operating a fuel
  • processor in an oxidant rich mode to increase heat output; transferring a portion of
  • reactant mixture in the fuel processor to increase fuel production after at least a portion of the water in said reservoir is melted and the fuel cell temperature has
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a breakaway side view of fuel cell and coolant system
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a freeze tolerant fuel cell system schematic comprising a fuel
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a side view of a fuel cell having collector plates with non-
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a breakaway side view of a fuel cell having primary gaskets
  • a novel freeze tolerant fuel cell structure is provided that is adapted for
  • sub-freezing environments As used throughout this specification, sub-freezing
  • the cooling system and humidification systems are
  • the cooling system is also preferably isolated from the
  • the fuel cell which have freezing points below the freezing point of water may be any fuel cell which have freezing points below the freezing point of water.
  • the fuel cell system is run in a
  • the fuel cell during sub-freezing conditions involves removing as much water as
  • a novel freeze tolerant fuel cell structure having both gaskets and sub-
  • gaskets is also disclosed. Upon assembly of the freeze tolerant fuel cell, an interface
  • the fuel cell is formed. This region is subject to enhanced mechanical and enhanced electrical stress due to increased edge conduction relative to electrochemically
  • a fuel cell is identified generally by the reference numeral
  • Each cell unit 1 1 includes a membrane
  • MEA 12 comprised of a solid ion conducting membrane which
  • anode 13 on one side and a cathode 14 on the other side of the
  • the MEA 12 is interposed between a first
  • anode and cathode may be attached or integrated into the
  • the MEA includes an attached anode 13 and cathode 14 due to
  • the MEA 12 extends some minimum
  • the MEA can terminate with the edges of the gas diffusion layers
  • the gas diffusion layers 15 and 16 are interposed between two electrically
  • bipolar plates when two or more fuel cells are used to form
  • the gas diffusion layers 15 and 16 are typically fabricated from
  • porous, electrically conductive materials such as carbon/graphite fiber paper or
  • collector plates 18 and 19 are provided for separating the cathode of one cell unit 11
  • the fuel cell 10 is a proton
  • PEM exchange membrane
  • cathode of one cell to the anode of an adjacent cell (not shown).
  • the collector plates 18 and 19 are electrically conductive. In the preferred embodiment
  • the collector plates 18 and 19 are formed from
  • electrically conductive polymer composites by filling a polymer with a plurality of
  • the collector plates 18 and 19 may be
  • water permeable collector plates may be used.
  • water permeable collector plates may be used.
  • collector plates 18 and 19 selected are essentially impermeable to water.
  • the surfaces of the channels are impermeable to water while the
  • remainder of the collector plate may be permeable to water.
  • ionized water is commonly used to cool fuel cells and also to maintain the hydration
  • Membrane humidification if required, must also be redesigned
  • the coolant fluid in a freeze tolerant fuel cell cannot be pure water since water
  • Humidification of the membrane may be derived from a source outside the
  • fuel cell stack such as by humidifying incoming reactant gases through the use of misters or bubblers.
  • fuel processors are used to produce
  • the anode may not require humidification, due to moisture produced
  • a dedicated coolant loop 25 has a coolant flow field through and between
  • conductive sealant 32 binds top collector plate and bottom collector plate. Coolant
  • a coolant return path is provided but not shown.
  • Coolant loop 25 does not provide humidification to the fuel cell 11.
  • coolant loop 25 is isolated from the membrane by a minimum
  • the distance "A" is chosen to avoid coolant contact with the
  • the distance "A" is at least approximately 0.1 inches.
  • Seal integrity is principally a function of the type of gasket material selected.
  • hydrocarbons For example, hydrocarbons
  • Poisonous coolants are known to occupy catalyst sites. As used throughout the specification, these contaminating coolants are referred to as "poisonous.” Poisonous coolants are
  • the coolant in an alternate embodiment of the freeze tolerant fuel cell, the coolant
  • passage way is not part of the collector plate.
  • coolant may be flowed
  • coolant channels are placed
  • coolant does not pass between the region
  • Possible suitable coolants include:
  • glycol and ethylene glycol such as methanol, with any percentage of other coolants
  • gases under anticipated conditions of operation such as nitrogen or
  • the maximum allowable coolant ionization level depends on the design of the
  • coolant loop 25 If the coolant loop 25 is designed to be electrically isolated from the
  • ionic coolants may be used. However, if the coolant loop
  • coolant ionization level must be limited to avoid electrically coupling neighboring
  • the coolant loop 25 is not electrically isolated from collector plates
  • coolant loop 25 is designed to be electrically isolated from collector
  • the coolant isolation can be provided by a gasket arrangement.
  • edge of the MEA 12 is interposed between a first gasket 20 and a second gasket 21.
  • Gaskets 20 and 21 are preferably positioned so as to not overlap with gas diffusion
  • Gaskets 20 and 21 may be made from polymer materials such as
  • EPDM rubber also known as EP rubber
  • fluorinated hydrocarbon also known as EP rubber
  • butyl rubber fluorinated hydrocarbon
  • An interface region 22 is a fluorosilicone, polysiloxane, thermoplastic elastomers such as blends containing polypropylene and EP rubber, and or other similar materials.
  • the membrane at or near the interface region 22 is subjected to both
  • the membrane in the interface region 22 will be unsupported and will tend to sag or
  • the interface region 22 is effectively splitting the interface region 22 into two regions.
  • gas diffusion layers 15 and 16 may butted up against the gaskets 20 and 21 and
  • fuel cell system such as reactant flow control, temperature monitoring and control
  • the percentage of hydrogen in the reformate stream may be adjusted
  • Combustion is usually a
  • tank 64 will be used for steam reforming and cathode gas humidification when the operating temperatures in the system rise above freezing point of water. In start up
  • the hot gas stream produced by the fuel processor 60 can be used to calculate the hot gas stream produced by the fuel processor 60.
  • a hot reactant stream will also help thaw out the various fuel stack
  • dry air is fed to the cathode 70 without humidification. Pressurized dry air from the
  • cathode compressor is typically heated to a temperature in the range of 90-100°C
  • stack 10 will be operated in a low voltage/high current density mode to maximize
  • Heat generated will be used to raise the temperature of the
  • stack 10 and the coolant. As the stack 10 temperature increases, the stack will be
  • the system may be
  • Cathode air humidification may be begun after the stack 10 and coolant temperature are well above freezing.
  • the fuel in an alternate embodiment of the freeze tolerant fuel cell system, the fuel
  • processor shown in Fig. 6 is replaced by an essentially pure hydrogen source.
  • Hydrogen is supplied to the anode of the fuel cell along with an oxygen source to the
  • the temperature of the freeze tolerant coolant If the water tank contains ice, the
  • heated freeze tolerant coolant is circulated through the water tank to melt the ice in
  • a method for shutting down the freeze tolerant fuel cell is also required to
  • the temperature may be reduced to condense water vapor within the system.
  • the temperature may be
  • freeze resistant storage tank 64 Second, the fuel cell stack 10 and system reactant
  • Condensed water droplets will be separated in the anode separator(s) and
  • freeze tolerant storage tank 64 can either be drained into freeze tolerant storage tank 64 or be completely purged
  • An anode cooler/chiller is
  • This water is eliminated from the anode stream by an anode separator 74.
  • separated water can either be drained into a freeze resistant storage tank 64 or be
  • the anode cooler/chiller holds the system
  • anode gas temperature is brought down to ambient such that the anode gas temperature can also be cooled to near ambient temperature.
  • cathode gas is terminated.
  • the cathode system is then purged with dry cathode
  • the compressor temperature and pressure are brought down to near ambient
  • freeze resistant water storage tank 64 may be drained into the freeze resistant water storage tank 64 or be completely purged
  • the fuel cell stack 10 is
  • cathode inlet channel 28 anode outlet channel 27 and cathode outlet channel 29
  • the walls of the channels making up the flow field may be any shape.
  • Fig. 4 adds a pair of sub-gaskets 23 and 24 to Applicants' gasketed fuel cell
  • Sub-gaskets 23 and 24 are positioned between first and second
  • gaskets 20 and 21 and extend into a position between the gas diffusion layers 15
  • sub-gaskets 23 and 24 are made from
  • the coolant loop 25 passes through gaskets 20 and 21 as well as
  • sub-gaskets 23 and 24 reduce
  • Sub-gaskets 23 and 24 need not extend to be co-terminus on
  • sub-gaskets 23 and 24 are co-
  • gasket 23 and 24 material as compared to the added labor cost to construct

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de pile à combustible supportant le gel et un procédé d'exploitation de ce système. Le dispositif de pile à combustible supportant le gel selon l'invention est réalisé en séparant le circuit de refroidissement [25] de la membrane active [12] à l'aide de joints d'étanchéité [20, 21] intercalés entre les plaques de cellule de collecteur [18, 19]. Le procédé d'exploitation du dispositif de pile à combustible supportant le gel selon l'invention comprend la circulation à travers le circuit de refroidissement [25] d'un fluide réfrigérant autre que l'eau pure, ayant un point de gel suffisamment bas. L'invention concerne également un procédé de démarrage et d'arrêt du dispositif de pile à combustible supportant le gel.
PCT/US2000/010949 1999-04-23 2000-04-24 Dispositif de pile a combustible supportant le gel et procede d'exploitation de ce systeme WO2000065676A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00928326A EP1216489A1 (fr) 1999-04-23 2000-04-24 Dispositif de pile a combustible supportant le gel et procede d'exploitation de ce systeme
AU46580/00A AU4658000A (en) 1999-04-23 2000-04-24 Freeze tolerant fuel cell system and method
CA002371257A CA2371257A1 (fr) 1999-04-23 2000-04-24 Dispositif de pile a combustible supportant le gel et procede d'exploitation de ce systeme
JP2000614524A JP2002543566A (ja) 1999-04-23 2000-04-24 耐凍性燃料電池システム及び方法
MXPA01010724A MXPA01010724A (es) 1999-04-23 2000-04-24 Sistema de celdas combustible tolerante a la congelacion y metodo.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13080199P 1999-04-23 1999-04-23
US60/130,801 1999-04-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000065676A1 true WO2000065676A1 (fr) 2000-11-02

Family

ID=22446396

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2000/010949 WO2000065676A1 (fr) 1999-04-23 2000-04-24 Dispositif de pile a combustible supportant le gel et procede d'exploitation de ce systeme

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1216489A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2002543566A (fr)
CN (1) CN1353869A (fr)
AU (1) AU4658000A (fr)
CA (1) CA2371257A1 (fr)
MX (1) MXPA01010724A (fr)
WO (1) WO2000065676A1 (fr)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001020702A2 (fr) * 1999-09-13 2001-03-22 Ballard Generation Systems Inc. Systeme de pile a combustible destinee a la production d'energie electrique
WO2001024296A1 (fr) * 1999-09-27 2001-04-05 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Procedes servant a ameliorer la capacite de demarrage a froid d'une pile a combustible electrochimique
JP2002208421A (ja) * 2001-01-09 2002-07-26 Denso Corp 燃料電池システム
JP2002246054A (ja) * 2001-02-13 2002-08-30 Denso Corp 燃料電池システム
WO2003041202A2 (fr) * 2001-11-08 2003-05-15 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Procede de demarrage de pile a combustible
WO2003058740A1 (fr) * 2002-01-08 2003-07-17 Nissan Motor Co.,Ltd. Systeme de pile a combustible et procede d'evacuation de l'eau pendant l'arret pour ameliorer la resistance au gel
EP1383193A1 (fr) * 2002-07-05 2004-01-21 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Système de pile à combustible avec dispositif de purge contrôlée pour evacuer l'eau
EP1386365A2 (fr) * 2001-04-05 2004-02-04 UTC Fuel Cells, LLC Procede et appareil de fonctionnement d'un ensemble de cellules empilees avec des temperatures de sous-congelation
EP1396895A2 (fr) * 2002-09-06 2004-03-10 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Système de piles à combustible et son procédé de fonctionnement
WO2004051779A1 (fr) * 2002-12-03 2004-06-17 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Systeme de pile a combustible
WO2005029617A3 (fr) * 2003-09-12 2006-01-26 Ballard Power Systems Procedes d'arret et conceptions pour empilements de piles a combustible
US7132179B2 (en) 2001-03-28 2006-11-07 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Methods and apparatus for improving the cold starting capability of a fuel cell
WO2008057081A1 (fr) * 2006-11-07 2008-05-15 Bdf Ip Holdings Ltd. Systèmes de pile à combustible et procédés de fonctionnement associés
US7482085B2 (en) 1996-06-07 2009-01-27 Bdf Ip Holdings Ltd. Apparatus for improving the cold starting capability of an electrochemical fuel cell
WO2009040535A3 (fr) * 2007-09-26 2009-06-11 Intelligent Energy Ltd Système de pile à combustible
EP2045864A3 (fr) * 2007-10-02 2009-09-30 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Système de drainage pour pile à combustible
US7781107B2 (en) * 2003-03-12 2010-08-24 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel cell system
US7955739B2 (en) 2005-03-11 2011-06-07 Bdf Ip Holdings Ltd. Shutdown methods and designs for fuel cell stacks
US7964315B2 (en) 2003-09-12 2011-06-21 Bdf Ip Holdings Ltd. Shutdown methods and designs for fuel cell stacks
US9705141B2 (en) 2007-09-26 2017-07-11 Intelligent Energy Limited Fuel cell system
DE102020113105A1 (de) 2020-05-14 2021-11-18 Audi Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Ausschalten einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4759815B2 (ja) * 2001-02-13 2011-08-31 株式会社デンソー 燃料電池システム
US7049018B2 (en) * 2003-09-05 2006-05-23 Utc Fuel Cells, Llc Method of operating a fuel cell system under freezing conditions
ATE532228T1 (de) * 2004-03-24 2011-11-15 Shishiai Kk Kühlfluidzusammensetzung für brennstoffzelle
CN100423336C (zh) * 2005-12-30 2008-10-01 新源动力股份有限公司 一种提高质子交换膜燃料电池零度以下耐受性的方法
CN112713285B (zh) * 2020-12-29 2022-02-22 国科微城市智能科技(南京)有限责任公司 一种氢燃料电池温度调控装置

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5798186A (en) * 1996-06-07 1998-08-25 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Method and apparatus for commencing operation of a fuel cell electric power generation system below the freezing temperature of water
US5804326A (en) * 1996-12-20 1998-09-08 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Integrated reactant and coolant fluid flow field layer for an electrochemical fuel cell
US5863395A (en) * 1993-11-22 1999-01-26 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Electrochemical cell having a self-regulating gas diffusion layer

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5863395A (en) * 1993-11-22 1999-01-26 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Electrochemical cell having a self-regulating gas diffusion layer
US5798186A (en) * 1996-06-07 1998-08-25 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Method and apparatus for commencing operation of a fuel cell electric power generation system below the freezing temperature of water
US5804326A (en) * 1996-12-20 1998-09-08 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Integrated reactant and coolant fluid flow field layer for an electrochemical fuel cell

Cited By (42)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6479177B1 (en) 1996-06-07 2002-11-12 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Method for improving the cold starting capability of an electrochemical fuel cell
US7482085B2 (en) 1996-06-07 2009-01-27 Bdf Ip Holdings Ltd. Apparatus for improving the cold starting capability of an electrochemical fuel cell
WO2001020702A2 (fr) * 1999-09-13 2001-03-22 Ballard Generation Systems Inc. Systeme de pile a combustible destinee a la production d'energie electrique
WO2001020702A3 (fr) * 1999-09-13 2002-07-18 Ballard Generation Systems Inc Systeme de pile a combustible destinee a la production d'energie electrique
EP1691439A1 (fr) * 1999-09-27 2006-08-16 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Méthodes pour cesser d'opération telle qu'améliore le froid subséquent commençant la capacité d'un système de cellule de carburant électrochimique
WO2001024296A1 (fr) * 1999-09-27 2001-04-05 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Procedes servant a ameliorer la capacite de demarrage a froid d'une pile a combustible electrochimique
JP4660927B2 (ja) * 2001-01-09 2011-03-30 株式会社デンソー 燃料電池システム
JP2002208421A (ja) * 2001-01-09 2002-07-26 Denso Corp 燃料電池システム
JP2002246054A (ja) * 2001-02-13 2002-08-30 Denso Corp 燃料電池システム
US7132179B2 (en) 2001-03-28 2006-11-07 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Methods and apparatus for improving the cold starting capability of a fuel cell
EP1386365A2 (fr) * 2001-04-05 2004-02-04 UTC Fuel Cells, LLC Procede et appareil de fonctionnement d'un ensemble de cellules empilees avec des temperatures de sous-congelation
EP1386365A4 (fr) * 2001-04-05 2010-03-03 Utc Fuel Cells Llc Procede et appareil de fonctionnement d'un ensemble de cellules empilees avec des temperatures de sous-congelation
WO2003041202A3 (fr) * 2001-11-08 2004-03-25 Nissan Motor Procede de demarrage de pile a combustible
US7122259B2 (en) 2001-11-08 2006-10-17 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Fuel cell startup method
CN1333482C (zh) * 2001-11-08 2007-08-22 日产自动车株式会社 燃料电池启动方法
WO2003041202A2 (fr) * 2001-11-08 2003-05-15 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Procede de demarrage de pile a combustible
CN100446315C (zh) * 2002-01-08 2008-12-24 日产自动车株式会社 燃料电池系统及在停用时除水以改善耐冻性的方法
WO2003058740A1 (fr) * 2002-01-08 2003-07-17 Nissan Motor Co.,Ltd. Systeme de pile a combustible et procede d'evacuation de l'eau pendant l'arret pour ameliorer la resistance au gel
US7718289B2 (en) 2002-01-08 2010-05-18 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Fuel cell system and related method
EP1383193A1 (fr) * 2002-07-05 2004-01-21 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Système de pile à combustible avec dispositif de purge contrôlée pour evacuer l'eau
US7390585B2 (en) 2002-07-05 2008-06-24 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Fuel cell system
EP1396895A3 (fr) * 2002-09-06 2005-08-10 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Système de piles à combustible et son procédé de fonctionnement
EP1396895A2 (fr) * 2002-09-06 2004-03-10 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Système de piles à combustible et son procédé de fonctionnement
WO2004051779A1 (fr) * 2002-12-03 2004-06-17 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Systeme de pile a combustible
US7455920B2 (en) 2002-12-03 2008-11-25 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Fuel cell system
KR100709972B1 (ko) * 2002-12-03 2007-04-25 닛산 지도우샤 가부시키가이샤 연료 전지 시스템
US7781107B2 (en) * 2003-03-12 2010-08-24 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel cell system
KR101131451B1 (ko) * 2003-09-12 2012-04-23 비디에프 아이피 홀딩스 리미티드 연료 전지 스택들을 위한 셧다운 방법들 및 설계들
CN100433434C (zh) * 2003-09-12 2008-11-12 百拉得动力系统公司 燃料电池堆的关闭方法及设计
US7964315B2 (en) 2003-09-12 2011-06-21 Bdf Ip Holdings Ltd. Shutdown methods and designs for fuel cell stacks
WO2005029617A3 (fr) * 2003-09-12 2006-01-26 Ballard Power Systems Procedes d'arret et conceptions pour empilements de piles a combustible
US7955739B2 (en) 2005-03-11 2011-06-07 Bdf Ip Holdings Ltd. Shutdown methods and designs for fuel cell stacks
WO2008057081A1 (fr) * 2006-11-07 2008-05-15 Bdf Ip Holdings Ltd. Systèmes de pile à combustible et procédés de fonctionnement associés
WO2009040535A3 (fr) * 2007-09-26 2009-06-11 Intelligent Energy Ltd Système de pile à combustible
GB2453126B (en) * 2007-09-26 2013-02-06 Intelligent Energy Ltd Fuel cell system
EP2538482A3 (fr) * 2007-09-26 2013-02-27 Intelligent Energy Limited Système de pile à combustible
KR101532398B1 (ko) * 2007-09-26 2015-06-29 인텔리전트 에너지 리미티드 시스템 정지시 캐소드 퍼지되는 연료 전지 시스템
US9705141B2 (en) 2007-09-26 2017-07-11 Intelligent Energy Limited Fuel cell system
US9748588B2 (en) 2007-09-26 2017-08-29 Intelligent Energy Limited Reverse flow relief valve for a fuel cell system
EP2045864A3 (fr) * 2007-10-02 2009-09-30 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Système de drainage pour pile à combustible
US8877403B2 (en) 2007-10-02 2014-11-04 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Drainage system for fuel cell
DE102020113105A1 (de) 2020-05-14 2021-11-18 Audi Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Ausschalten einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2371257A1 (fr) 2000-11-02
EP1216489A1 (fr) 2002-06-26
MXPA01010724A (es) 2002-05-14
AU4658000A (en) 2000-11-10
JP2002543566A (ja) 2002-12-17
CN1353869A (zh) 2002-06-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1216489A1 (fr) Dispositif de pile a combustible supportant le gel et procede d'exploitation de ce systeme
US11777125B2 (en) Solid oxide fuel cell system with hydrogen pumping cell with carbon monoxide tolerant anodes and integrated shift reactor
EP1691439B1 (fr) Méthode pour arrêter l'opération d' un système de production d' électricité
JP4789949B2 (ja) 水素生成のためのアノードセパレータプレート、イオンポンプ、及びアノードセパレータプレート形成方法
WO2005119825A2 (fr) Sous-systeme de refroidissement pour systeme de pile a combustible electrochimique
US8268492B2 (en) Fuel cell stack features for improved water management
US20070031713A1 (en) High temperature fuel cell system having cooling apparatus and method of operating the same
JPH06333583A (ja) 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池発電装置
JP3477926B2 (ja) 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池
KR20030073679A (ko) 연료전지 시스템의 냉각수 재활용 장치
JPH0935737A (ja) 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池
CN101557003B (zh) 启动期间最大化燃料电池电压的方法
JP2009081102A (ja) 固体高分子型燃料電池
US20230124636A1 (en) Fuel cell unit
JP2004134130A (ja) 燃料電池スタック
KR20200134524A (ko) 연료전지 스택
JPH06333581A (ja) 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池
US20230420715A1 (en) Fuel cell system and method of operating thereof at near one hundred percent fuel utilization
JP2011113661A (ja) 燃料電池スタックおよび燃料電池システム
JP2008004406A (ja) 燃料電池及びそれを備える燃料電池システム
JPH07235318A (ja) 燃料電池
KR20240015775A (ko) 온도 균일성이 향상되는 연료전지 스택
CN116134645A (zh) 用于电化学电池堆叠的加热装置、燃料电池堆叠和用于加热的方法
Robust Low-cost, injection-molded PEMFC conductive separator plates with low volume resistivity
JP2008153002A (ja) 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 00808391.6

Country of ref document: CN

AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CR CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT UA UG UZ VN YU ZA ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW SD SL SZ TZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2371257

Country of ref document: CA

Ref document number: 2371257

Country of ref document: CA

Kind code of ref document: A

Ref document number: 2000 614524

Country of ref document: JP

Kind code of ref document: A

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: PA/a/2001/010724

Country of ref document: MX

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2000928326

Country of ref document: EP

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 2000928326

Country of ref document: EP

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Ref document number: 2000928326

Country of ref document: EP