WO2000049861A1 - Vertically and continuously breeding worms - Google Patents

Vertically and continuously breeding worms Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000049861A1
WO2000049861A1 PCT/HR1999/000036 HR9900036W WO0049861A1 WO 2000049861 A1 WO2000049861 A1 WO 2000049861A1 HR 9900036 W HR9900036 W HR 9900036W WO 0049861 A1 WO0049861 A1 WO 0049861A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
refuse
worms
technology
mass
fact
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/HR1999/000036
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Čuljak TIHOMIR
Original Assignee
Tihomir Culjak
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tihomir Culjak filed Critical Tihomir Culjak
Priority to AU30680/00A priority Critical patent/AU3068000A/en
Publication of WO2000049861A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000049861A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
    • A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
    • A01K67/0332—Earthworms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/05—Treatments involving invertebrates, e.g. worms, flies or maggots
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • This invention refers to a new technology of breeding worms, with the possibility of their nourishment with manure, communal refuse, communal sewage, and all other refuse of vegetative origin.
  • ICP International Classification of Patents
  • worms Californian worms, earthworms, or other types
  • the food for the worms first must ferment on a given surface, and only then can it be added in thin layers for the worms. If the food is not fermented or the layer of fresh food is too thick, high temperatures are developed and oxygen deprivation occurs in the breeding grounds, and the worms perish.
  • the problem of fermenting food for the worms is solved by placing a heap of fresh manure adjacent to the breeding grounds, where the biological refuse ferments, thus being turned into food for the worms.
  • the complex organic compounds are transformed into water soluble compounds that the worms can absorb, subsequently transforming them into humus in their organisms.
  • the primary aim of this technology is to advance the fermentation of biological refuse and hence the breeding of worms in a small area with very little human effort involved.
  • a secondary aim is to exploit the heat created through the fermentation of biological refuse.
  • a further aim of the invention is to enable the processing of communal refuse without prior separation of biological from inert refuse.
  • Another aim is to enable the purification of biologically polluted water by the removal of suspended particles.
  • a further aim is to enable the breeding of livestock above the worm breeding grounds so that the straw below the livestock mixed with their manure would serve as food for the worms living below the animals.
  • the technology of vertical continuous worm breeding consists of a structure within which the worms feed, breed, and produce humus.
  • the fresh biological refuse is added at the top of the structure, where the process of fermentation begins. So that oxygen can enter into the mass, and the carbon dioxide be removed, the structure has horizontally placed elements ⁇ air vents ⁇ throughout the entire refuse mass.
  • the descending mass is divided across the air vents, so that an air pocket is created beneath it, with fresh air circulating.
  • the air vents enable speedy fermentation and the survival of the worms around the air vents.
  • the air vent elements are placed at distances from 20 to 100 cm, depending on the density of the refuse.
  • a spirally placed water pipe is located, serving to vent the warmth, which can also be used in winter to heat nearby structures.
  • the biological refuse that has fermented in the upper part of the structure drops into the central layer, where the worms turn it into humus.
  • the produced humus drops towards the base, where it is removed to the side, below the netting holding the entire mass together.
  • the moist humus from the base of the breeding grounds can be extracted using jets of water, mechanically, or by introducing chickens, who will pick at and toss over the humus in their search for worms. Removal of the humus will be easier if the breeding structure is slightly tilted to one side. If the humus is clean and moister, then the angle should be reduced, and if the humus contains sizeable pieces of inert refuse, then the angle of the base should be increased.
  • the structure for the vertical continuous breeding of worms consists of the main girders of the construction (4), which hold the refuse mass together and enable a constant addition of refuse to the top, and removal of humus from the bottom of the breeding grounds.
  • the basic elements of the construction are the air vents (1), which enable the introduction of air into the refuse mass, and hence the survival of the worms deep within the mass.
  • the air vents (1) are attached to the girders (4), which in turn are fastened to the foundation beams (6), driven into the ground.
  • the sides are covered with netting (5), fastened to the main girders of the structure (4).
  • the netting limits scattering of the refuse mass to the sides, and it widens from the top of the structure towards the bottom, ending half a meter from the ground level, so that the humus can be removed from under it to the side.
  • a spiral water pipe has been placed (3), which serves for heating water with the warmth created during fermentation.
  • a perforated water pipe (2) is placed below this pipe, with a small hole drilled every 10 or so centimeters so that water can drip out and moisten the refuse mass to a humidity level of 90% as necessary for the survival of the worms.
  • the addition of biological refuse takes place from above, continually, daily or weekly, and humus removal takes place at the base, also continuously, daily or weekly.
  • the height of the structure can range from one meter to several meters, and the width also from one to several meters (depending on the weight of the mass that can be supported by the air vents without bending).
  • the length of the structure depends on the available amount of refuse.
  • the vertical and horizontal gap between the air vents can vary according to the requirements in question, from 20 to 100 cm, depending on the compactness of the refuse 100 mass. The less compacted the refuse, the air will penetrate deeper into the mass, and the minimal distance between the air vents can be greater. 7) USES FOR THE INVENTION
  • the discussed invention enables the utilization of various forms of biological refuse for feeding worms, transforming it into humus.
  • Manure is the best food for worms, and the great quantity of energy in the form of heat given off during fermentation can also be utilized.
  • the communal refuse that represents a major ecological problem in urban areas can be directly processed with this technology, given the condition that the refuse does not contain any soluble chemical compounds damaging to worms.
  • the worms transform all
  • Communal sewage and other liquid waste (if not polluted by dangerous chemical compounds) rich in bio-material can also be cleansed using this technology.
  • the structure described above is filled with straw, and the sewage or water is filtered through it. As soon
  • 120 humus can be used to fertilize plants.
  • Facilities for domestic livestock can also be built over the breeding grounds. In this manner, the animals live above the worms, and it is not necessary to clean below the livestock.
  • the mixture of straw that serves as a flooring for the livestock and their manure ferments as soon as it is moistened, serving as food for the worms. It is merely necessary to

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
  • Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)

Abstract

The technology for vertical continuous worm breeding consists of a breeding grounds structure composed of the main girders (4), whose foundation beams (6) are placed at ground level, forming a unit with the horizontal air vents (1), and a netting (5) that holds the mass of biological refuse together. The air vents (1) enable air circulation throughout the refuse mass. The refuse is added from above, and it ferments in the upper layer, dropping downwards to where the worms transform it into humus, which then falls below the lateral netting (5) of the structure. The warmth created during the fermentation process heats the water running through the pipes (3). The refuse is moistened to a humidity of 80 % to 90 % through a perforated water pipe (2).

Description

VERTICALLY AND CONTINUOUSLY BREED ING WORMS
1) THE INVENTION FIELD
This invention refers to a new technology of breeding worms, with the possibility of their nourishment with manure, communal refuse, communal sewage, and all other refuse of vegetative origin. According to the International Classification of Patents (ICP), the invention can best be placed in the following classes:
- A 01 C 3/02 - Apparatus for the fermentation of manure
- C 05 F 17/00 - The production of fertilizer characterized by composting
- C 05 F 17/02 - Equipment for this purpose - A 01 K 5/00 - Devices for feeding domestic livestock or game
- E 04 H 5/08 - Structures or a group of buildings for agricultural uses
2) THE TECHNICAL PROBLEM
One technical problem that arises in the breeding of worms (Californian worms, earthworms, or other types) is that the food for the worms first must ferment on a given surface, and only then can it be added in thin layers for the worms. If the food is not fermented or the layer of fresh food is too thick, high temperatures are developed and oxygen deprivation occurs in the breeding grounds, and the worms perish.
3) THE PRESENT TECHNICAL STATE
The problem of fermenting food for the worms is solved by placing a heap of fresh manure adjacent to the breeding grounds, where the biological refuse ferments, thus being turned into food for the worms. In the fermentation process, the complex organic compounds are transformed into water soluble compounds that the worms can absorb, subsequently transforming them into humus in their organisms.
If communal refuse is used as food for the worms, it is necessary first to separate inert refuse from refuse of biological origin.
If communal sewage is used, the sewage must first be settled out in shallow pools of very large surface area, where both the fermentation and worm breeding take place.
A large quantity of heat and carbon dioxide are released in the fermentation process, which renders impossible the survival of worms in food that has not fermented completely. 4) EXPLANATION OF THE ESSENCE OF THE INVENTION
The primary aim of this technology is to advance the fermentation of biological refuse and hence the breeding of worms in a small area with very little human effort involved. A secondary aim is to exploit the heat created through the fermentation of biological refuse.
A further aim of the invention is to enable the processing of communal refuse without prior separation of biological from inert refuse.
Another aim is to enable the purification of biologically polluted water by the removal of suspended particles. A further aim is to enable the breeding of livestock above the worm breeding grounds so that the straw below the livestock mixed with their manure would serve as food for the worms living below the animals.
The positive features of the technology will be shown in the description that follows.
The technology of vertical continuous worm breeding consists of a structure within which the worms feed, breed, and produce humus. The fresh biological refuse is added at the top of the structure, where the process of fermentation begins. So that oxygen can enter into the mass, and the carbon dioxide be removed, the structure has horizontally placed elements ~ air vents ~ throughout the entire refuse mass. The descending mass is divided across the air vents, so that an air pocket is created beneath it, with fresh air circulating. The air vents enable speedy fermentation and the survival of the worms around the air vents. The air vent elements are placed at distances from 20 to 100 cm, depending on the density of the refuse.
Above the upper air vents, in the area with the most intensive fermentation and the highest temperatures, a spirally placed water pipe is located, serving to vent the warmth, which can also be used in winter to heat nearby structures.
Below these water pipes for heating water, another perforated water pipe is placed, which serves to moisten the breeding place, as the worms require food with a humidity level of around 90%.
The biological refuse that has fermented in the upper part of the structure drops into the central layer, where the worms turn it into humus. The produced humus drops towards the base, where it is removed to the side, below the netting holding the entire mass together.
The moist humus from the base of the breeding grounds can be extracted using jets of water, mechanically, or by introducing chickens, who will pick at and toss over the humus in their search for worms. Removal of the humus will be easier if the breeding structure is slightly tilted to one side. If the humus is clean and moister, then the angle should be reduced, and if the humus contains sizeable pieces of inert refuse, then the angle of the base should be increased.
5) A SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THEDRA WING The accompanying drawing, included as a part of the description of the invention, shows the spatial construction of the breeding ground structure and aids in explaining the breeding technology. The structure is shown without the bio-material with which it will be filled.
6) A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AT LEAST ONE METHOD OF USING THE INVENTION
It can be seen on the enclosed drawing that the structure for the vertical continuous breeding of worms consists of the main girders of the construction (4), which hold the refuse mass together and enable a constant addition of refuse to the top, and removal of humus from the bottom of the breeding grounds. The basic elements of the construction are the air vents (1), which enable the introduction of air into the refuse mass, and hence the survival of the worms deep within the mass. The air vents (1) are attached to the girders (4), which in turn are fastened to the foundation beams (6), driven into the ground. The sides are covered with netting (5), fastened to the main girders of the structure (4). The netting limits scattering of the refuse mass to the sides, and it widens from the top of the structure towards the bottom, ending half a meter from the ground level, so that the humus can be removed from under it to the side. Above the upper air vent (1), in the area where fermentation of the refuse takes place, a spiral water pipe has been placed (3), which serves for heating water with the warmth created during fermentation. A perforated water pipe (2) is placed below this pipe, with a small hole drilled every 10 or so centimeters so that water can drip out and moisten the refuse mass to a humidity level of 90% as necessary for the survival of the worms. The addition of biological refuse takes place from above, continually, daily or weekly, and humus removal takes place at the base, also continuously, daily or weekly.
The height of the structure can range from one meter to several meters, and the width also from one to several meters (depending on the weight of the mass that can be supported by the air vents without bending). The length of the structure depends on the available amount of refuse.
The vertical and horizontal gap between the air vents can vary according to the requirements in question, from 20 to 100 cm, depending on the compactness of the refuse 100 mass. The less compacted the refuse, the air will penetrate deeper into the mass, and the minimal distance between the air vents can be greater. 7) USES FOR THE INVENTION
The discussed invention enables the utilization of various forms of biological refuse for feeding worms, transforming it into humus.
105 Manure is the best food for worms, and the great quantity of energy in the form of heat given off during fermentation can also be utilized.
The communal refuse that represents a major ecological problem in urban areas can be directly processed with this technology, given the condition that the refuse does not contain any soluble chemical compounds damaging to worms. The worms transform all
110 refuse that can be fermented into humus, and the remaining inert refuse can be subsequently separated from the humus by rinsing.
Communal sewage and other liquid waste (if not polluted by dangerous chemical compounds) rich in bio-material can also be cleansed using this technology. The structure described above is filled with straw, and the sewage or water is filtered through it. As soon
115 as the surface of the straw is filled with silt, a new layer of straw or similar material is added. The mixture of straw and sewage ferments, falling below to the level where the worms turn it into humus. If the quantity of water involved is considerable, additional moistening is unnecessary, but it is necessary to place a drainage system for removal of the excess water around and below the breeding structure. This water is rich in dissolved
120 humus, and can be used to fertilize plants.
Facilities for domestic livestock can also be built over the breeding grounds. In this manner, the animals live above the worms, and it is not necessary to clean below the livestock. The mixture of straw that serves as a flooring for the livestock and their manure ferments as soon as it is moistened, serving as food for the worms. It is merely necessary to
125 provide the livestock with dry straw everyday, while cleaning is not necessary, nor is special nourishment of the worms with the material, thus avoiding one of the most unpleasant jobs on any livestock farm.
130

Claims

1. The technology of vertical continuous worm breeding consists of a structure within which the process occurs of, from above, the addition of biological refuse, fermentation of the refuse, the nourishment and multiplication of the worms, the transformation of the refuse into humus, and the removal of the humus at the base, the entire process being characterized by, the fact that it is made possible by the elements referred to as air vents (1), with the function of supplying air to the refuse mass, thus enabling both faster fermentation and the survival of the worms within the mass.
2. The technology of vertical continuous worm breeding, according to request 1, characterized by, the fact that the cited air vents (1) are attached to the girders of the structure (4).
3. The technology of vertical continuous worm breeding, according to request 1, characterized by, the fact that above the upper row of air vents (1), in the area where fermentation takes place, is a spirally placed water pipe (3), through which water runs and is heated.
4. The technology of vertical continuous worm breeding, according to request 1 or 3, characterized by, the fact that below the pipe for heating water (3), is a spirally placed perforated pipe (2), which humidifies the refuse mass to a moisture level of 90%, thus enabling the survival of the worms.
5. The technology of vertical continuous worm breeding, according to request 1, characterized by, the fact that the cited structure is placed on a surface that is gently tilted from the center of the structure towards the foundations (6).
6. The technology of vertical continuous worm breeding, according to request 1, characterized by, the fact that the cited structure has a lateral protective netting (5) holding the bio-mass in place, which is fastened to the girders of the structure (4), extending from the top towards the base, half a meter from the ground level.
PCT/HR1999/000036 1999-02-26 1999-12-31 Vertically and continuously breeding worms WO2000049861A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU30680/00A AU3068000A (en) 1999-02-26 1999-12-31 Vertically and continuously breeding worms

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HRP990064AA HRPK990064B1 (en) 1999-02-26 1999-02-26 Vertically continued technology of breeding earhtworms
HRP990064A 1999-02-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000049861A1 true WO2000049861A1 (en) 2000-08-31

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AU (1) AU3068000A (en)
HR (1) HRPK990064B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2000049861A1 (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2100866A2 (en) * 2008-03-13 2009-09-16 George Kolevris Worm composter
ITBA20100032A1 (en) * 2010-09-03 2012-03-04 Francesco Caprio PLANT AND METHOD FOR THE BIO-CONVERSION OF ORGANIC WASTE AND THE BIOSTABILIZATION OF INDIFFERENTIAL URBAN SOLID WASTE
CN103719020A (en) * 2014-01-17 2014-04-16 卢璐瑛 Three-dimensional type snake raising room
CN103734081A (en) * 2014-01-17 2014-04-23 卢璐瑛 Three-dimensional snake cultivation house
CN107347804A (en) * 2017-08-28 2017-11-17 宁夏甏菜文化传播有限公司 Utilize black soldier flies and the method for the green organic chicken of source bacterium cyclic culture
CN110169395A (en) * 2019-04-30 2019-08-27 江苏思威博生物科技有限公司 A kind of full automatic high efficiency fly maggot breeding equipment

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1013300B (en) * 1954-11-08 1957-08-08 Friedrich Koester Sen Method and device for compost preparation in agricultural or horticultural businesses from organic, vegetable waste materials
EP0091495A1 (en) * 1982-04-08 1983-10-19 Eco Impianti 2000 S.r.l. Apparatus for transforming liquid and solid waste and biodegradable mud/slime into fertilizer, using earth worms
EP0321596A1 (en) * 1987-12-22 1989-06-28 Peter Reuss Apparatus for producing humus
FR2653688A1 (en) * 1989-10-30 1991-05-03 Sovadec Valorisation Dechets Method for preprocessing waste of organic material and for drying earthworm-composted waste and device for implementing it

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1013300B (en) * 1954-11-08 1957-08-08 Friedrich Koester Sen Method and device for compost preparation in agricultural or horticultural businesses from organic, vegetable waste materials
EP0091495A1 (en) * 1982-04-08 1983-10-19 Eco Impianti 2000 S.r.l. Apparatus for transforming liquid and solid waste and biodegradable mud/slime into fertilizer, using earth worms
EP0321596A1 (en) * 1987-12-22 1989-06-28 Peter Reuss Apparatus for producing humus
FR2653688A1 (en) * 1989-10-30 1991-05-03 Sovadec Valorisation Dechets Method for preprocessing waste of organic material and for drying earthworm-composted waste and device for implementing it

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2100866A2 (en) * 2008-03-13 2009-09-16 George Kolevris Worm composter
EP2100866A3 (en) * 2008-03-13 2011-11-16 George Kolevris Worm composter
ITBA20100032A1 (en) * 2010-09-03 2012-03-04 Francesco Caprio PLANT AND METHOD FOR THE BIO-CONVERSION OF ORGANIC WASTE AND THE BIOSTABILIZATION OF INDIFFERENTIAL URBAN SOLID WASTE
WO2012029041A3 (en) * 2010-09-03 2012-09-13 Francesco Caprio Plant and method for organic waste bioconversion and municipal waste biostabilization by means of insect larvae
CN103719020A (en) * 2014-01-17 2014-04-16 卢璐瑛 Three-dimensional type snake raising room
CN103734081A (en) * 2014-01-17 2014-04-23 卢璐瑛 Three-dimensional snake cultivation house
CN107347804A (en) * 2017-08-28 2017-11-17 宁夏甏菜文化传播有限公司 Utilize black soldier flies and the method for the green organic chicken of source bacterium cyclic culture
CN110169395A (en) * 2019-04-30 2019-08-27 江苏思威博生物科技有限公司 A kind of full automatic high efficiency fly maggot breeding equipment

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Publication number Publication date
HRP990064A2 (en) 2001-02-28
AU3068000A (en) 2000-09-14
HRPK990064B1 (en) 2002-02-28

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