JP3845683B2 - Deodorizing device - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP3845683B2
JP3845683B2 JP11938298A JP11938298A JP3845683B2 JP 3845683 B2 JP3845683 B2 JP 3845683B2 JP 11938298 A JP11938298 A JP 11938298A JP 11938298 A JP11938298 A JP 11938298A JP 3845683 B2 JP3845683 B2 JP 3845683B2
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pipe
material layer
layer
deodorizing
water
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JPH11309334A (en
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直昭 道宗
隆司 古山
好治 桑名
喜四郎 上原
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National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
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National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は脱臭装置に関し、特に、家畜糞尿等から発生する高濃度のアンモニアを主体とした臭気等を微生物を利用して除去する技術に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、この種の微生物を利用した脱臭装置が使用されている。図6はこの微生物を利用した脱臭装置の従来例を示している。
図6において、脱臭槽41は半地下式の建屋であり、その周囲がコンクリートブロック等の壁面54で囲まれ、その上部に一般的な亜鉛鉄板葺の屋根42が形成され、屋根42の軒下に空気抜き用開放部43が設けられている。
脱臭槽41の底部全面に散気配管44が配設されている。散気配管44は硬質塩化ビニール製円筒であり、通気用細孔45が散気配管44の随所に形成されている。散気配管41の上にロックウールを主原料とした脱臭材料層47が堆積され、この脱臭材料層47の上に所定間隔を置いて多数配置された散水部48が設けられている。また、脱臭槽41の底部は排水管49によって排水ポンプ50を設けた排水槽51に通じている。
【0003】
前記散気配管44は、臭気供給管52及び送風機53を介して堆肥化装置55に通じている。堆肥化装置55には家畜の糞尿等の堆肥化材料59を攪拌したものを堆積し発酵させる発酵槽56が設けられ、発酵槽56の底部には送風機57から比較的高圧の送風がなされ、発酵槽56の上方には、臭気補集フード58が設けられている。
上記した構成であるから送風機57からの送風は、矢印に示す方向に送られ、発酵槽56の中の堆肥材料59中を通り堆肥化材料59の発酵を促進し、更に、発酵により発生した臭気物質を含む発酵ガスを伴い上方へ通り抜けて臭気補集フード58へと送風機53によって吸引され、臭気供給管52から散気配管44へと圧送される。
【0004】
散気配管44の通気用細孔45から臭気を含んだ空気は、噴出して脱臭材料層47に入り、ここで臭気物質が微生物により無臭物質に分解された後、矢印に示すように、無臭の空気として開放部43より放出される。
脱臭材料層47の主体はロックウールであって、これにアンモニア酸化細菌、硝酸化成菌及び脱窒菌を固定化したもので、臭気中のNH3等の吸着、またNO2・NO3を前記の菌によってN2・NOに分解する。そして、これら菌の活性を保つために散水部48による散水をするものとしている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
このような従来の微生物を利用した脱臭装置では、脱臭槽41の長期使用により底部排水残滓の蓄積や脱臭材料層47の自重と散水による脱臭材料層47の沈下に伴い、通気用細孔45の詰まりや脱臭材料層47の下層部圧縮による通気抵抗の増大という問題点があった。
また、脱臭材料層47の生物活性保持用散水は、ドレンとして排出され、周辺の地面や発酵堆肥中へ散布することで処理されてきたが、近年の農作物残滓や家畜糞尿等の有機廃棄物の積極的かつ効果的な資源リサイクルが強調されるなか、堆肥化施設の大型化と臭気の発生量が増大していることから、脱臭槽41が大型化される中で対応しきれないという問題点があり、また、排水の有効な再利用ということが要求されている。
【0006】
本発明の課題は、このような従来の問題点を解決することであり、通常の排水残滓に影響されない散気配管を有し、経時変化による脱臭材料層の通気抵抗の増大を僅少にでき、更に、排水を再利用できる微生物利用脱臭装置を提供することである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するため、本願の第1の発明の構成は、臭気を含む空気が導かれる散気配管と、該散気配管上に配置された玉石層と、該玉石層上に配置され、前記散気配管から散気された前記臭気を含む空気を脱臭する、ロックウールを主体とする繊維体に微生物を固定化した脱臭材料層と、該脱臭材料層の上面に散水する散水部とを具備し、前記脱臭材料層は、ロックウールを主体とする繊維体に微生物を固定化した上側層と、ロックウールを主体とする繊維体に微生物を固定化したものに発泡弾性体のチップを配合した下側層との二層構造であることを特徴とする脱臭装置である。
【0008】
上記第1の発明の構成により、散気配管から散気するように放出された臭気を含む空気が玉石層によりガス拡散層を形成することによって平均して分散され、玉石層により分散された臭気を含む空気が、ロックウールを主体とする繊維体に微生物を固定化した脱臭材料層により脱臭される。また、散水部が該脱臭材料層の上面に散水することにより該脱臭材料層の生物活性を保つことができる。
更に、脱臭材料層は、ロックウールを主体とする繊維体に微生物を固定化した上側層と、ロックウールを主体とする繊維体に微生物を固定化したものに発泡弾性体のチップを配合した下側層との二層構造であるので、散水部による散水のために脱臭材料層の下側層が圧縮されて通気抵抗が大きくなることを防ぐことができる。
【0011】
更に、第の発明の構成は、上記第の発明の構成において、散水部より散水され脱臭材料層及び玉石層を通過した排水を溜める排水槽と、該排水槽から前記散水部への循環水路と、前記散水部からの散水量と前記排水の循環量との割合及び排水循環の機会を調節する散水制御部とを設けることである。
【0012】
上記第の発明の構成により、上記第の発明による作用とともに、散水部より散水され脱臭材料層及び玉石層を通過した排水が排水槽に溜められ、更に、散水制御部に制御されて該排水槽から散水部への循環水路を通って前記散水部へ送られるので、散水に使用する水を循環して使用することができる。
【0013】
更に、第の発明の構成は、上記第1又は第2の発明の構成において、散水部の散水配管が脱臭材料層中に配設され、散水配管の散水口が上向きに前記脱臭材料層の上面に露出するように形成されることである。
【0014】
上記第の発明の構成により、上記第1又は第2の発明による作用とともに、散水部の散水配管が脱臭材料層中に配設され、散水配管の散水口が上向きに前記脱臭材料層の上面に露出するように形成されているので、前記散水口当たりの散水半径が増加するとともに、散水配管がロックウールの保温性により脱臭材料層によって保温されるので、厳寒期においても散水配管を保温する必要がなくなる。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、本願発明の実施の形態を図面を参照して説明する。図1は該実施の形態を一部分切り欠いて示し、図2は該実施の形態の一部分を示し、図3は該実施の形態の給水回路を示している。
【0016】
図1〜図3において、家畜糞尿・厨芥等を堆肥化する発酵槽より発生する臭気を含む空気が、脱臭槽1内の散水加湿した、ロックウールを主体とする繊維体に微生物を固定化した脱臭材料層9を通過することにより、該空気の臭気成分を前記微生物によって生物学的に分解し無臭としている。
脱臭材料層9の主体はロックウールであって、これにアンモニア酸化細菌、硝酸化成菌及び脱窒菌を固定化したもので、臭気中のNH3等の吸着、またNO2・NO3を前記の菌によってN2・NOに分解する。これら菌の活性を保つために後述する散水部としての散水配管10による散水がなされる。
【0017】
また、脱臭材料層9は、ロックウールを主体とする繊維体に微生物を固定化した上側層9aと、ロックウールを主体とする繊維体に微生物を固定化したものに発泡弾性体のチップを配合した下側層9bとの二層構成である。下側層9bに発泡弾性体のチップを配合することにより脱臭材料層9の下層の沈下圧縮を発泡弾性体で阻止することができる。発泡弾性体のチップは、例えば径1から3cmの大きさのウレタンチップである。
また、散水部としての散水配管10より脱臭材料層9の表面(上面)9xに散水した排水を溜める排水槽13と散水配管10を循環路で結び、散水制御部17により排水の循環使用を調節するようにしているので、脱臭材料層9の微生物の活性を保つように新鮮な水(水道水も可)の供給も可能であると共に排水の使用もできる。
【0018】
家畜糞尿・厨芥等を蓄積し堆肥化する発酵槽(発酵槽56に相当する。)から発酵に伴い発生する臭気を脱臭する脱臭槽1の壁面25は、上面を開口としたコンクリート又は合成樹脂製の箱体であり、該箱体の大部分は地面に埋設されている。
なお、壁面25の外側を取り巻く保温用土盛り26が形成されている。このため、脱臭槽1全体が半地下式になっているので、脱臭槽1を取り巻く土壌の保温性により冬季における脱臭材料層9の生物活性の低下を防ぐことができる。
更に、該箱体の上面開口部には屋根2が設けられ、屋根2の軒下には開放部3が設けられている。脱臭槽1は開放部3によって外気と流通している。
【0019】
臭気供給口4が、壁面25の下部を貫通するように設けられている。除塵部23は臭気供給管52により送風機53に接続され、更に、送風機53は臭気供給管52により臭気供給口4に接続されている。
このため、入口23aから除塵部23内に供給された臭気を含む空気(例えば、堆肥化装置から発酵過程で発生するもの)は、除塵装置23により除塵され、送風機53により臭気供給口4に送られる。
【0020】
臭気供給口4は、脱臭槽1の底部全面に格子状に配置した散気配管5に接続されている。
散気配管5はコンクリート製若しくは合成樹脂製のU字管6を伏せて所定の間隔6aにて並べるように配置したものである。散気配管5の内部の空洞が連続し、コンクリート製若しくは合成樹脂製の溝蓋7が散気配管5の十字に交わる交差点6bでできる空間の上面を被っている。なお、多数の通気用孔7aが蓋7に散在するように形成されている。
【0021】
このようにして形成された散気配管5の気道(気体の通路)の上を脱臭材料9の保持と臭気体を全面に分散させるための玉石層8が被っている。玉石層8は例えば二層構造とし、上層に小さな玉石を使用し、下層に大きな玉石を使用するのが好ましい。また、この玉石層8の玉石の粒径と前記U字管6の隣接する間隔6aは関連し、脱臭処理量から決められる。更に、脱臭材料層9が玉石層8の上に配置されている。
【0022】
脱臭材料層9中の生物活性を保持するためには湿度が必要である。このため散水配管10が脱臭材料層9に散水する。散水配管10が脱臭材料層9の上側層9a中の表面9x下に位置して配設され、散水配管10の散水口11が上を向いて表面9xに多数突出している。
散水によって脱臭材料層9に浸透し滴下した水は排水として排水管12を通って排水槽13へ流出し貯溜される。排水槽13は井戸状に地中へ埋めた貯水タンクであり、排水槽13に溜まった水は貯水水位検知センサ14を有する排水ポンプ15によって上限水位13aになると送水管16c、電磁弁18a及び送水管16bを経て散水配管10へ送水される。なお、13bは下限水位である。
水道水や井戸水の送水管16aは電磁弁18cを介して散水配管10に接続されている。
【0023】
上記構成において、図示しない発酵槽(発酵槽56に相当する。)で発生した臭気を含む空気は送風機53によって吸引され、除塵部23及び臭気供給管52を通って臭気供給口4へ圧送される。なお、該空気の攪拌時に発生する堆肥の粉塵は除塵部23で除去される。
臭気供給口4に圧送された臭気を含む空気は、散気配管5によって脱臭槽1の底部全体に行き渡り、散気配管5を構成するU字管6の各間隔6aと溝蓋7の通気孔7aから玉石層8を通過することによって更に均等に分散し、脱臭材料層9の下側層9bから上側層9aを通って上昇する。
この過程で、脱臭材料層9中の微生物によって前記臭気の成分が分解されるので、前記空気は不快で有害な成分を含まない空気となって開放部3から外部へ放散することとなる。
【0024】
散気配管5は既製の市場品となっている複数のU字管6を脱臭槽1の床面に伏せて配設するものであるから、散気配管5の気道(空気の通路)の断面や通気間隔6aを大きくすることができる。更に、脱臭槽1の規模に応じてU字管6の寸法の大小の選択・配置数を含む配置形態などを自由に簡単に設定できる。
更に、散気配管5を長期間使用しても、散気配管5の気道が目詰まりする恐れがなく、また、脱臭材料層9の更新時においても、散気配管5の底部まで分解清掃することが可能である。
【0025】
なお、脱臭材料層9を二層化し、その下側層9bに発泡弾性体としてのウレタンのチップを配合しているので、散水配管10の散水による重力沈下の加速で特に下側層9bが圧縮されることによる通気抵抗の増大が減少される。
すなわち、上記従来の1層型の脱臭材料層47では、通称No.8のロックウールを用い、2〜2.5メートル堆積で通気抵抗が200〜300mmH2Oであったが、本発明の実施の形態では、図5に示すように、通気抵抗が従来の1/2〜1/3となる。
【0026】
このことにより、電力消費量等の脱臭装置のランニングコストが低下し、送風機53の能力も小さくでき、設備費用も低減できることとなる。また、下からの噴水方式とし、脱臭材料層9中に設けられた散水配管10は、散水口(ノズル)11当たりの散水半径が大きく広がるから、散水口11の必要数が上記従来例の60%程度に減少する。
しかも、厳寒期においてもロックウールの保温性により散水配管10が脱臭材料層9によって保温されるので、散水配管10を保温する必要がなくなり、設備費・維持費とも低減できる。
【0027】
図3の散水配管10への給水回路では、散水口11への送水は、送水管16a〜16cと排水槽13の排水ポンプ15によりなされる。そして、この送水の調節は散水制御部17によってなされる。
散水制御部17は給水路切替電磁弁18aと、マイクロコンピュータによる散水時間設定手段19、排水水位検知手段20、送水路切替手段21及び排水ポンプ駆動手段22を有し、散水時間設定手段19による散水時間になったとき、散水水位検知手段20が排水槽13の貯水水位検知センサ14からの信号で所定水位にあることを検知すると排水路切替手段21が給水切替電磁弁18aを切り替えて排水ポンプ15を散水配管10へ接続し、排水ポンプ駆動手段22が排水ポンプ15を駆動する。
【0028】
このように排水槽13に貯溜した排水は定量散水される。その後電磁弁18aを閉じ、電磁弁18cを開き送水管16aから清水(水道水、井戸水等)を散水配管10に導き散水する。従来例の散水と同等になるように排水及び清水双方の散水のバランスをとる。排水を散水しても脱臭材料層9の表面9xからの臭気の発生は見られず、更に節水による水資源保全の一助とすることができる。
【0029】
なお、散水配管10から散水をする前において、排水槽13の水位が下限水位13b以下のときは、電磁弁18aを閉じ、電磁弁18cを開いて清水を散水配管10から散水する。
また、排水槽13内の排水の水位が上限水位13a以上の場合、該排水のアンモニア濃度が所定値以上のときは電磁弁18a、18bにより送水管16cと送水管16dを接続し、該排水を肥料用として取り出すことができ、該排水のアンモニア濃度が所定値より少ないときは電磁弁18a、18bにより送水管16cと送水管16eを接続し、該排水を廃棄する。
【0030】
更に、脱臭槽1の規模に応じて規格建材としてのU字管6の使用数量を調節するのみで散気配管5を敷設でき、また、排水残滓が滞留蓄積しても容易に通気・通水ができる家畜糞尿等の臭気処理装置がえられる。
更に、脱臭材料層9を上下に二層とし、動沈下圧力を受ける下側層9bに通気性大の弾性体を混入することにより圧縮作用を小さくできる。
更に、脱臭効果を変えずに通気抵抗の増大を阻止できる微生物利用脱臭装置が得られる。
更に、散水配管10により散水した排水を排水槽13に集め、この排水槽13と散水配管10を循環水路で結合し循環の制御が可能となる。このため、排水の再利用を有効にすることができる微生物利用脱臭装置が得られる。
【0031】
なお、上記実施の形態において、▲1▼脱臭材料層9にウレタンチップを混入しロックウールを混入しないようにし、脱臭材料層9の下に玉石層8を配置する場合、▲2▼脱臭材料層9を従来例の通りとし、その下に玉石層8を配置した場合、▲3▼脱臭材料層9を二層とするが玉石層8を設けない場合、▲4▼脱臭材料層9を二層とし、その下に玉石層8を設けた場合、▲5▼脱臭材料層9にロックウールとウレタンチップの配合物を混入し、脱臭材料層9の下に玉石層8を配置する場合が考えられる。
このとき、アンモンニアの吸収は前記▲1▼〜▲5▼において良好である。アンモニア以外の臭気の吸収は前記▲2▼〜▲5▼では良好であるが、前記▲1▼では良くない。脱臭材料層9の沈下の大きい場合から順に挙げると、前記▲2▼、▲4▼、▲3▼、▲5▼の順となり、前記▲1▼では脱臭材料層9の沈下はない。また、通気抵抗の大きい場合から順に挙げると、前記▲2▼、▲4▼、▲3▼、▲5▼の順となり、前記▲1▼では通気抵抗が少ない。脱臭材料層9中の空気の吹き上がりは、前記▲2▼、▲3▼、▲4▼、▲5▼で良好であり、前記▲1▼では良くない。
【0032】
脱臭槽1を6ヵ月間使用した後では、従来例(図6)では脱臭層47の沈下は10%であり、静圧は300mmH2O〜350mmH2Oに変化した。一方、図1に示す実施の形態では、脱臭材料層9の沈下はなく、静圧は250mmH2Oのままであった。
【0033】
なお、図4は上記散気配管5の変形例を示している。図4において、臭気供給管31(臭気供給管52に相当する。)に散気配管32が接続されている。散気配管32は枝分かれしたパイプ状のものであり、多数の通気用孔33が形成されている。散気配管32内の臭気を含んだ空気は、通気用孔33から玉石層8中に放出される。
なお、散気配管の形状は、上記散気配管5及び散気配管32に限定されず、任意の形状でよい。
また、各種配管のヒーター加熱及び保温をすることにより冬季における前記各種配管の凍結を防止することができる。
【0034】
【発明の効果】
本願の第1の発明によれば、ロックウールを主体とする繊維体に微生物を固定し、堆積した下方より上方へ発酵堆肥の臭気を通過する脱臭槽の底部に散気配管を設け、その上に玉石層を設けて気道を配設したものであるから、脱臭槽の設置が簡単である。また散気配管から放出された気流が玉石層により平均して分散されるから、通気抵抗が少なく長期使用による目詰まりも起きにくく施工及び保全が簡単で省資源・省エネルギー効果のある脱臭装置を提供できる。
更に、堆積して使用する脱臭材料層を二層とし、圧縮され易い下層脱臭材料に発泡弾性体のチップを配合することで、脱臭材料層の圧縮による通気抵抗の増大を防止し、通気のための送風機の能力減少と運転エネルギーの節減効果のある物脱臭装置を提供できる。
【0036】
更に、第の発明によれば、上記第の発明による効果とともに、脱臭材料層の生物活性のための散水による排水を再利用する循環水路を設けることで、水資源の有効利用による省エネルギー及び環境保全効果のある脱臭装置を提供できる。
【0037】
更に、第の発明によれば、上記第1又は第2の発明による効果とともに、脱臭槽への散水を下から噴き上げる噴水状態とし、その散水配管を脱臭材料層中に配設したことで、散水口当たりの散水半径が増大し、効率が向上し、厳寒期の保全が不要であることから、設備費及び運転費が低減できる脱臭装置を提供できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本願発明の実施の形態を一部分破断して示す斜視図である。
【図2】該実施の形態の散気配管の斜視図である。
【図3】該実施の形態の給水回路図である。
【図4】該実施の形態の変形例の斜視図である。
【図5】該実施の形態の性能を示す表である。
【図6】従来の微生物利用脱臭装置の断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 脱臭槽
5 散気配管
8 玉石層
9 脱臭材料層
9a 上側層
9b 下側層
10 散水配管
11 散水口
12 排水管
13 排水槽
15 排水ポンプ
17 散水制御部
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a deodorizing apparatus, and more particularly to a technique for removing odors mainly composed of high-concentration ammonia generated from livestock manure using microorganisms.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a deodorizing apparatus using this type of microorganism has been used. FIG. 6 shows a conventional example of a deodorizing apparatus using this microorganism.
In FIG. 6, the deodorizing tank 41 is a semi-underground type building, and its surroundings are surrounded by a wall surface 54 such as a concrete block, and a general zinc iron plate roof 42 is formed on the upper part thereof. An air vent opening 43 is provided.
An aeration pipe 44 is disposed on the entire bottom surface of the deodorization tank 41. The diffuser pipe 44 is a hard vinyl chloride cylinder, and ventilation pores 45 are formed at various locations of the diffuser pipe 44. A deodorizing material layer 47 made mainly of rock wool is deposited on the air diffusion pipe 41, and a plurality of watering portions 48 are provided on the deodorizing material layer 47 with a predetermined interval. Further, the bottom of the deodorizing tank 41 communicates with a drain tank 51 provided with a drain pump 50 through a drain pipe 49.
[0003]
The diffuser pipe 44 communicates with the composting device 55 through the odor supply pipe 52 and the blower 53. The composting apparatus 55 is provided with a fermenter 56 for depositing and fermenting a composting material 59 such as livestock excreta and fermenting, and a relatively high-pressure air is blown from the blower 57 to the bottom of the fermenter 56. An odor collecting hood 58 is provided above the tank 56.
Since it is the above-described configuration, the air blown from the blower 57 is sent in the direction indicated by the arrow, passes through the compost material 59 in the fermenter 56, promotes the fermentation of the compost material 59, and further generates odor generated by fermentation. Along with the fermentation gas containing the substance, it passes upward, is sucked into the odor collecting hood 58 by the blower 53, and is pumped from the odor supply pipe 52 to the diffuser pipe 44.
[0004]
Air containing odors from the ventilation pores 45 of the air diffusion pipe 44 is jetted and enters the deodorizing material layer 47, where the odorous substances are decomposed into odorless substances by microorganisms, and then, as indicated by arrows, odorless. The air is discharged from the opening 43.
The main body of the deodorizing material layer 47 is rock wool, to which ammonia oxidizing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria are immobilized, adsorbing NH 3 etc. in the odor, and NO 2 · NO 3 Decomposes into N 2 · NO by bacteria. And in order to maintain the activity of these bacteria, watering by the watering part 48 shall be carried out.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In such a conventional deodorizing device using microorganisms, the deodorizing tank 41 has been used for a long period of time due to the accumulation of bottom drainage waste and the deodorizing material layer 47 settling due to its own weight and water spray. There was a problem that the ventilation resistance increased due to clogging or compression of the lower layer portion of the deodorizing material layer 47.
In addition, sprinkling water for maintaining biological activity of the deodorizing material layer 47 is discharged as drain and treated by spraying it on the surrounding ground or fermented compost, but in recent years organic waste such as agricultural residue and livestock manure has been removed. Amid the emphasis on active and effective resource recycling, the composting facility has become larger and the amount of odor generated has increased. In addition, there is a demand for effective reuse of wastewater.
[0006]
An object of the present invention is to solve such a conventional problem, having a diffused pipe that is not affected by ordinary waste water residue, and can hardly increase the ventilation resistance of the deodorizing material layer due to aging, Furthermore, it is providing the microorganisms use deodorizing apparatus which can recycle waste_water | drain.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the configuration of the first invention of the present application is an aeration pipe through which air containing odor is guided, a boulder layer arranged on the aeration pipe, and arranged on the boulder layer, A deodorizing material layer in which microorganisms are fixed to a fiber body mainly composed of rock wool, which deodorizes air containing the odor diffused from the diffusing pipe, and a watering portion for sprinkling water on the upper surface of the deodorizing material layer. The deodorizing material layer is composed of an upper layer in which microorganisms are immobilized in a fiber body mainly composed of rock wool, and a foamed elastic body chip in which microorganisms are immobilized in a fiber body mainly composed of rock wool. It is a deodorizing device characterized by having a two-layer structure with the lower layer .
[0008]
According to the configuration of the first aspect of the invention, the air containing the odor released so as to be diffused from the aeration pipe is dispersed on average by forming the gas diffusion layer by the boulder layer, and the odor dispersed by the boulder layer. Is deodorized by a deodorizing material layer in which microorganisms are fixed to a fibrous body mainly composed of rock wool. Moreover, the watering part sprays water on the upper surface of the deodorizing material layer, whereby the biological activity of the deodorizing material layer can be maintained.
Further, the deodorizing material layer is composed of an upper layer in which microorganisms are fixed in a fiber body mainly composed of rock wool, and a foamed elastic body chip in which microorganisms are fixed in a fiber body mainly composed of rock wool. Since it has a two-layer structure with the side layer, it is possible to prevent the lower layer of the deodorizing material layer from being compressed due to water spraying by the water sprinkling unit and increase the ventilation resistance.
[0011]
Furthermore, the structure of 2nd invention is the structure of said 1st invention, The drainage tank which accumulates the waste_water | drain which sprinkled from the sprinkling part and passed through the deodorizing material layer and the cobblestone layer, and the circulation from this drainage tank to the said sprinkling part It is to provide a water channel and a watering control unit that adjusts the ratio of the amount of water sprayed from the watering unit and the amount of circulation of the drainage and the opportunity of drainage circulation.
[0012]
With the configuration of the second aspect of the invention, together with the action of the first aspect of the invention, the drainage water sprayed from the watering part and passed through the deodorizing material layer and the cobblestone layer is stored in the drainage tank, and further controlled by the watering control part. Since it is sent to the water sprinkling part through the circulating water path from the drainage tank to the water sprinkling part, it is possible to circulate and use the water used for water sprinkling.
[0013]
Further, the structure of the third invention is the structure of the first or second invention, wherein the watering pipe of the watering part is disposed in the deodorizing material layer, and the watering port of the watering pipe faces upward of the deodorizing material layer. It is formed so as to be exposed on the upper surface.
[0014]
With the configuration of the third aspect of the invention, together with the action of the first or second aspect of the invention, the watering pipe of the watering part is disposed in the deodorizing material layer, and the watering port of the watering pipe faces the upper surface of the deodorizing material layer upward. Since the water spray radius per sprinkling port is increased and the water sprinkling pipe is kept warm by the deodorizing material layer due to the heat retention of rock wool, it is necessary to keep the water sprinkling pipe warm even in the severe cold season. Disappears.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows the embodiment with a part cut away, FIG. 2 shows a part of the embodiment, and FIG. 3 shows a water supply circuit of the embodiment.
[0016]
In FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, air containing odor generated from a fermenter that composts animal manure, straw, etc., has immobilized microorganisms on a fibrous body mainly composed of rock wool that has been sprinkled and humidified in the deodorizing tank 1. By passing through the deodorizing material layer 9, the odor component of the air is biologically decomposed by the microorganism to make it odorless.
The main body of the deodorizing material layer 9 is rock wool, to which ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria are immobilized, adsorbing NH 3 etc. in the odor, and NO 2 · NO 3 Decomposes into N 2 · NO by bacteria. In order to maintain the activity of these bacteria, watering is performed by a watering pipe 10 as a watering part described later.
[0017]
The deodorizing material layer 9 is composed of an upper layer 9a in which microorganisms are fixed to a fiber body mainly composed of rock wool, and a foamed elastic chip in which microorganisms are immobilized to a fiber body mainly composed of rock wool. The two-layer configuration with the lower layer 9b. By blending the foamed elastic chip with the lower layer 9b, the compression of the lower layer of the deodorizing material layer 9 can be prevented by the foamed elastic body. The foamed elastic chip is, for example, a urethane chip having a diameter of 1 to 3 cm.
In addition, a drainage tank 13 for collecting drainage sprinkled from the watering pipe 10 serving as a watering part to the surface (upper surface) 9x of the deodorizing material layer 9 and the watering pipe 10 are connected by a circulation path, and the watering control part 17 regulates the circulation use of the wastewater. Therefore, fresh water (tap water is also acceptable) and drainage can be used so as to keep the activity of microorganisms in the deodorizing material layer 9.
[0018]
The wall 25 of the deodorizing tank 1 for deodorizing the odor generated by fermentation from a fermenter (corresponding to the fermenter 56) that accumulates livestock manure, straw, etc., and composts, is made of concrete or synthetic resin with the top surface opened. Most of the box is embedded in the ground.
In addition, a heat retaining earth 26 surrounding the outside of the wall surface 25 is formed. For this reason, since the whole deodorization tank 1 is a semi-underground type, the fall of the biological activity of the deodorizing material layer 9 in winter can be prevented by the heat retention property of the soil surrounding the deodorization tank 1.
Further, a roof 2 is provided at the upper surface opening of the box, and an open portion 3 is provided under the eaves of the roof 2. The deodorizing tank 1 is circulated with the outside air through the opening 3.
[0019]
The odor supply port 4 is provided so as to penetrate the lower part of the wall surface 25. The dust removing unit 23 is connected to the blower 53 through an odor supply pipe 52, and the blower 53 is connected to the odor supply port 4 through an odor supply pipe 52.
For this reason, the air containing the odor supplied from the inlet 23 a into the dust removing unit 23 (for example, generated in the fermentation process from the composting device) is removed by the dust removing device 23 and sent to the odor supply port 4 by the blower 53. It is done.
[0020]
The odor supply port 4 is connected to an aeration pipe 5 arranged in a grid pattern on the entire bottom surface of the deodorization tank 1.
The air diffusion pipe 5 is arranged so that U-tubes 6 made of concrete or synthetic resin are turned down and arranged at a predetermined interval 6a. A cavity inside the diffuser pipe 5 is continuous, and a groove cover 7 made of concrete or synthetic resin covers the upper surface of a space formed by an intersection 6b where the cross of the diffuser pipe 5 intersects. A number of ventilation holes 7 a are formed so as to be scattered in the lid 7.
[0021]
A boulder layer 8 for holding the deodorizing material 9 and dispersing the odorous gas over the entire surface is covered on the air passage (gas passage) of the air diffusion pipe 5 formed in this way. The cobblestone layer 8 has, for example, a two-layer structure, and it is preferable to use a small cobblestone for the upper layer and a large cobblestone for the lower layer. Further, the particle size of the cobblestone of the cobblestone layer 8 and the interval 6a adjacent to the U-shaped tube 6 are related and determined from the deodorizing amount. Furthermore, a deodorizing material layer 9 is disposed on the cobblestone layer 8.
[0022]
Humidity is necessary to maintain the biological activity in the deodorizing material layer 9. For this reason, the watering pipe 10 sprinkles water on the deodorizing material layer 9. The water sprinkling pipe 10 is disposed below the surface 9x in the upper layer 9a of the deodorizing material layer 9, and many water spouts 11 of the water sprinkling pipe 10 face upward and protrude on the surface 9x.
Water that has permeated and dropped into the deodorizing material layer 9 by watering flows out as drainage into the drainage tank 13 through the drainage pipe 12 and is stored. The drainage tank 13 is a water storage tank buried in the ground like a well. When the water accumulated in the drainage tank 13 reaches the upper limit water level 13a by the drainage pump 15 having the storage water level detection sensor 14, the water supply pipe 16c, the solenoid valve 18a and Water is sent to the watering pipe 10 through the water pipe 16b. In addition, 13b is a minimum water level.
The water pipe 16a for tap water or well water is connected to the water sprinkling pipe 10 via a solenoid valve 18c.
[0023]
In the above configuration, air containing odor generated in a fermenter (not shown) (corresponding to the fermenter 56) is sucked by the blower 53 and is pumped to the odor supply port 4 through the dust removing unit 23 and the odor supply pipe 52. . Note that compost dust generated when the air is stirred is removed by the dust removing unit 23.
The odor-containing air fed to the odor supply port 4 is distributed to the entire bottom of the deodorization tank 1 by the diffusing pipe 5, and the intervals 6 a of the U-shaped pipe 6 constituting the diffusing pipe 5 and the vent holes of the groove lid 7. By passing through the boulder layer 8 from 7a, it is further evenly dispersed and rises from the lower layer 9b of the deodorizing material layer 9 through the upper layer 9a.
In this process, since the odor components are decomposed by the microorganisms in the deodorizing material layer 9, the air becomes unpleasant and does not contain harmful components and diffuses to the outside from the open portion 3.
[0024]
Since the aeration pipe 5 is provided with a plurality of U-shaped pipes 6 which are ready-made products on the floor of the deodorizing tank 1, the cross section of the air passage (air passage) of the aeration pipe 5 is provided. And the ventilation interval 6a can be increased. Furthermore, according to the scale of the deodorization tank 1, the arrangement form including the selection and arrangement number of the size of the U-shaped tube 6 can be freely and easily set.
Furthermore, even if the diffuser pipe 5 is used for a long period of time, there is no possibility that the airway of the diffuser pipe 5 will be clogged, and even when the deodorizing material layer 9 is updated, the bottom of the diffuser pipe 5 is disassembled and cleaned. It is possible.
[0025]
In addition, since the deodorizing material layer 9 is divided into two layers and urethane chips as foamed elastic bodies are blended in the lower layer 9b, the lower layer 9b is particularly compressed by the acceleration of gravity subsidence caused by water spraying of the water spray pipe 10. Increased ventilation resistance is reduced.
That is, in the conventional one-layer type deodorizing material layer 47, rock wool of the so-called No. 8 was used, and the airflow resistance was 200 to 300 mmH 2 O deposited by 2 to 2.5 meters. In this form, as shown in FIG. 5, the ventilation resistance is 1/2 to 1/3 of the conventional one.
[0026]
As a result, the running cost of the deodorizing device such as power consumption is reduced, the capacity of the blower 53 can be reduced, and the equipment cost can be reduced. Moreover, since the water spraying pipe 10 provided in the deodorizing material layer 9 is a fountain system from the bottom and the water spray radius per water spray port (nozzle) 11 is greatly widened, the required number of water spray ports 11 is 60 of the conventional example. Decrease to about%.
Moreover, since the water sprinkling pipe 10 is kept warm by the deodorizing material layer 9 due to the heat retention of rock wool even in the severe cold season, it is not necessary to keep the water sprinkling pipe 10 warm, and both the equipment cost and the maintenance cost can be reduced.
[0027]
In the water supply circuit to the watering pipe 10 in FIG. 3, water supply to the watering port 11 is performed by the water supply pipes 16 a to 16 c and the drainage pump 15 of the drainage tank 13. The water supply is adjusted by the watering control unit 17.
The watering control unit 17 includes a water supply path switching electromagnetic valve 18 a, a watering time setting means 19 using a microcomputer, a drainage water level detection means 20, a waterway switching means 21, and a drainage pump driving means 22. When the time has come, when the sprinkling water level detection means 20 detects that the water level is at a predetermined level by a signal from the stored water level detection sensor 14 of the drain tank 13, the drainage channel switching means 21 switches the water supply switching electromagnetic valve 18a to switch the drainage pump 15 Is connected to the sprinkling pipe 10, and the drain pump driving means 22 drives the drain pump 15.
[0028]
In this way, the wastewater stored in the drainage tank 13 is sprayed in a fixed amount. Thereafter, the solenoid valve 18a is closed, the solenoid valve 18c is opened, and fresh water (tap water, well water, etc.) is led from the water supply pipe 16a to the sprinkling pipe 10 and sprinkled. Balance both the drainage and clean water so that it is equivalent to the conventional spray. Even if the drainage is sprinkled, no odor is generated from the surface 9x of the deodorizing material layer 9, and water conservation can be further facilitated by water saving.
[0029]
In addition, before watering from the watering pipe 10, when the water level of the drainage tank 13 is below the lower limit water level 13b, the electromagnetic valve 18a is closed and the electromagnetic valve 18c is opened to spray fresh water from the watering pipe 10.
Further, when the water level of the drainage in the drainage tank 13 is equal to or higher than the upper limit water level 13a, when the ammonia concentration in the drainage is equal to or higher than a predetermined value, the water supply pipe 16c and the water supply pipe 16d are connected by the electromagnetic valves 18a and 18b. When the ammonia concentration of the waste water is lower than a predetermined value, the water pipe 16c and the water pipe 16e are connected by the electromagnetic valves 18a and 18b, and the waste water is discarded.
[0030]
Furthermore, the aeration pipe 5 can be laid only by adjusting the usage quantity of the U-shaped pipe 6 as a standard building material according to the scale of the deodorizing tank 1, and even if waste water remains and accumulates, it can be easily ventilated and water-flowed. It is possible to obtain a device for treating odor such as livestock manure.
Further, the deodorizing material layer 9 is divided into two layers, and the compressive action can be reduced by mixing a highly breathable elastic body into the lower layer 9b that receives dynamic subsidence pressure.
Furthermore, a microorganism-based deodorizing apparatus that can prevent an increase in ventilation resistance without changing the deodorizing effect is obtained.
Further, the water drained by the water sprinkling pipe 10 is collected in the water drain tank 13, and the water drain tank 13 and the water sprinkling pipe 10 are connected by a circulation channel to control the circulation. For this reason, the microorganisms utilization deodorizing apparatus which can make effective reuse of wastewater is obtained.
[0031]
In the above embodiment, (1) when urethane chips are mixed into the deodorizing material layer 9 so as not to mix rock wool, and the cobblestone layer 8 is disposed under the deodorizing material layer 9, (2) the deodorizing material layer 9 is the same as the conventional example, and the cobblestone layer 8 is disposed below, 3) the two deodorizing material layers 9 are provided but the cobblestone layer 8 is not provided, 4) the two deodorizing material layers 9 are provided. In the case where the cobblestone layer 8 is provided thereunder, (5) a case where a mixture of rock wool and urethane chips is mixed into the deodorizing material layer 9 and the cobblestone layer 8 is disposed under the deodorizing material layer 9 is considered. .
At this time, the absorption of Ammonia is good in the above (1) to (5). Absorption of odors other than ammonia is good in (2) to (5), but not good in (1). In order starting from the case where the deodorization material layer 9 is largely subsidized, the order is (2), (4), (3), and (5). In (1), there is no subsidence of the deodorization material layer 9. Further, in order from the case where the ventilation resistance is large, the order is (2), (4), (3), and (5), and in (1), the ventilation resistance is small. The air blowing up in the deodorizing material layer 9 is good in the above (2), (3), (4), and (5), and not good in the above (1).
[0032]
Deodorizing tank 1 after using six months, subsidence of the conventional example (FIG. 6) in the deodorization layer 47 is 10%, the static pressure changes to 300mmH 2 O~350mmH 2 O. On the other hand, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the deodorizing material layer 9 did not sink, and the static pressure remained at 250 mmH 2 O.
[0033]
FIG. 4 shows a modified example of the diffuser pipe 5. In FIG. 4, a diffuser pipe 32 is connected to an odor supply pipe 31 (corresponding to the odor supply pipe 52). The air diffusion pipe 32 is a branched pipe-like shape, and a large number of ventilation holes 33 are formed. The air containing the odor in the diffuser pipe 32 is discharged from the vent hole 33 into the boulder layer 8.
The shape of the diffuser pipe is not limited to the diffuser pipe 5 and the diffuser pipe 32, and may be any shape.
Moreover, freezing of the various pipes in winter can be prevented by heating and keeping the various pipes heated.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
According to 1st invention of this application, microorganisms are fixed to the fiber body which has rock wool as a main body, an aeration pipe is provided in the bottom part of the deodorizing tank which passes the odor of fermentation compost from the deposited lower part upwards, Since a boulder layer is provided on the airway, it is easy to install a deodorizing tank. In addition, since the airflow discharged from the diffuser pipe is averagely dispersed by the cobblestone layer, it provides a deodorizing device that has low ventilation resistance and is less likely to be clogged due to long-term use, and that is easy to install and maintain, and that saves resources and saves energy. it can.
In addition, the deodorizing material layer that is deposited and used is made into two layers, and by adding foamed elastic chips to the lower deodorizing material that is easy to compress, the increase in ventilation resistance due to compression of the deodorizing material layer is prevented, and for ventilation It is possible to provide an object deodorizing apparatus that can reduce the capacity of the blower and reduce the operation energy.
[0036]
Further, according to the second invention, in addition to the effects of the first invention, the provision of a circulation channel for reusing water discharged by watering for the biological activity of the deodorizing material layer makes it possible to save energy and effectively use water resources. It is possible to provide a deodorizing device having an environmental conservation effect.
[0037]
Furthermore, according to the third invention, together with the effect of the first or second invention, the water sprayed into the deodorization tank is in a fountain state where the water spray is spouted from below, and the water spray pipe is disposed in the deodorization material layer. Since the sprinkling radius per sprinkling port is increased, the efficiency is improved, and maintenance in the severe cold season is unnecessary, it is possible to provide a deodorizing apparatus that can reduce the equipment cost and the operating cost.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a partially broken embodiment of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an air diffusion pipe according to the embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a water supply circuit diagram of the embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a modified example of the embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a table showing the performance of the embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional microorganism-based deodorization apparatus.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Deodorizing tank 5 Aeration pipe 8 Cobblestone layer 9 Deodorizing material layer 9a Upper layer 9b Lower layer 10 Sprinkling pipe 11 Sprinkling port 12 Drain pipe 13 Drain tank 15 Drain pump 17 Sprinkling control part

Claims (3)

臭気を含む空気が導かれる散気配管と、該散気配管上に配置された玉石層と、
該玉石層上に配置され、前記散気配管から散気された前記臭気を含む空気を脱臭する、ロックウールを主体とする繊維体に微生物を固定化した脱臭材料層と、
該脱臭材料層の上面に散水する散水部とを具備し、
前記脱臭材料層は、ロックウールを主体とする繊維体に微生物を固定化した上側層と、ロックウールを主体とする繊維体に微生物を固定化したものに発泡弾性体のチップを配合した下側層との二層構造であることを特徴とする脱臭装置。
An air diffuser pipe through which air containing odor is guided, a cobblestone layer disposed on the air diffuser pipe,
A deodorizing material layer which is disposed on the cobblestone layer and deodorizes air containing the odor diffused from the aeration pipe, wherein a microorganism is fixed to a fiber body mainly composed of rock wool;
A watering part for sprinkling water on the upper surface of the deodorizing material layer ;
The deodorizing material layer is composed of an upper layer in which microorganisms are fixed to a fiber body mainly composed of rock wool, and a lower side in which a foamed elastic chip is blended with a fiber body mainly composed of rock wool. A deodorizing device having a two-layer structure with a layer .
散水部より散水され脱臭材料層及び玉石層を通過した排水を溜める排水槽と、該排水槽から前記散水部への循環水路と、
前記散水部からの散水量と前記排水の循環量との割合及び排水循環の機会を調節する散水制御部とを設けることを特徴とする請求項1記載の脱臭装置。
A drainage tank that collects drainage water sprayed from the sprinkling part and passed through the deodorizing material layer and the cobblestone layer, and a circulation channel from the drainage tank to the watering part,
The deodorizing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a watering control unit that adjusts a ratio between a watering amount from the watering unit and a circulation amount of the wastewater and a chance of drainage circulation .
散水部の散水配管が脱臭材料層中に配設され、散水配管の散水口が上向きに前記脱臭材料層の上面に露出するように形成されることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の脱臭装置。 3. The deodorization according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sprinkling pipe of the sprinkling part is disposed in the deodorizing material layer, and the sprinkling port of the sprinkling pipe is formed so as to be exposed upward on the upper surface of the deodorizing material layer. apparatus.
JP11938298A 1998-04-28 1998-04-28 Deodorizing device Expired - Lifetime JP3845683B2 (en)

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JP4696622B2 (en) * 2005-03-23 2011-06-08 パナソニック株式会社 Deodorization device
KR20120047295A (en) * 2009-08-31 2012-05-11 도꾸리쯔 교세이호징 노우교 ? 쇼쿠힝 산교 기쥬쯔 소고 겡뀨 기꼬우 Deodorizing material and deodorizing device
JP6096430B2 (en) * 2012-07-23 2017-03-15 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 Deodorization device
JP6935900B2 (en) * 2017-02-17 2021-09-15 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 Deodorization and nitrogen removal method
CN113557075A (en) * 2019-03-12 2021-10-26 未来股份有限公司 Microbial deodorization device and deodorization processing system

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JPS6427621A (en) * 1987-07-21 1989-01-30 Seibutsukei Tokutei Sangyo Method for treating bad smelling gas
JPH09267024A (en) * 1996-02-01 1997-10-14 Nippon Steel Corp Upper surface opening type deodorizing device
JP3912871B2 (en) * 1997-10-30 2007-05-09 独立行政法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 Deodorization equipment for livestock manure composting for cold regions

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