JPH0723673A - Odorless poultry farming - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a compost excellent in effect of fertilizer by collecting poultry manure through a lattice-shaped floor of a poultry house into a fermentation bed and fermenting the collected poultry manure under a specified condition. CONSTITUTION:Poultry manure is collected through a lattice-shaped floor 1 of a poultry house into the fermentation bed (a) of a fermentation tank 3 and the collected poultry manure is aerobically fermented using a water-sprayer 2, an air blow-off pipe 4 and an agitation mechanism 5, etc. The fermentation bed is made up by making a nitrate bacterium adhere to a base material composed mainly of a woody material such as sawdust and growing it. Fermentation is conducted while keeping pH, water content and temperature respectively to 6.5 to 7.6, 50 to 65wt.% and 20 to 45 deg.C. This method is free from the generation of odor or dust and a deodorizing column, etc., is, therefore, not required.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention makes it possible to raise a large number of chickens without the generation of foul odors and dusts which cause environmental pollution, and moreover, a compost having a high fertilizing effect from the treated feces. The present invention relates to a poultry raising method capable of recovering.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In the conventional poultry house structure, the lower surface of the breeding cage is used as a stockyard for poultry manure, and poultry manure is temporarily deposited in this stockyard. Until now, to collect chicken droppings from the stockyard, first set up a dung pedestal on the floor of the chicken house or under the cage, and use a method to scrape it manually when it has accumulated to some extent while allowing it to dry naturally. I installed a rotary pre-drying device and a stirring drier under the cage,
For example, a method of collecting after being deposited for 2-3 months while being dried is performed. These chicken manures are either discarded as they are after being collected, or are further dried by sunlight, thermal power, or the like, or are transferred to a fermenter and fermented under appropriate conditions to be fertilized. However, the disposal of this has become remarkably limited in recent years to prevent environmental pollution, and it tends to be effectively utilized as a fertilizer.

Recently, poultry farming equipment has also been modernized, and a belt conveyor is installed under each three-dimensional cage to receive poultry manure, and air is supplied onto the belt for drying poultry manure.
Although it is dried up to about 60%, it is said that the air supplied for drying the chicken manure has a good effect on breeding. Next, it is transported to the chicken manure drying area installed on the same site as a building separate from the breeding house, and the conveyor belts are all connected to the above-mentioned belt conveyor. In addition, this conveyor belt passes through the inside covered with a tunnel type cover, and is designed so as not to contaminate the farm. The poultry manure drying area has a triangular shape, with air inlets at the bottom of both sides, and a ventilation fan is set on the roof to create a forced air flow. The chicken manure transported from the breeding house is loaded from the upper part of the building and piled up on a heap. The semi-dried chicken manure carried in here is dried to about 20 to 15% by using the wind flow inside the building. , Is effectively used as fertilizer.

However, in all of these conventional methods, the treatment of chicken manure relies heavily on conventional drying, and the chicken manure accumulated in the house undergoes anaerobic fermentation because it is left in a semi-dried state for a long time, resulting in ammonia gas. Toxic gases such as these generate a large amount and adversely affect the physiology of chickens, and the emitted odor and dust have become a social problem in recent years as environmental pollution.

[0005] In order to solve such a problem on poultry farming, the present inventors previously established a fermenter directly under the lattice floor of a poultry house so that chicken manure can be treated therein. Although a poultry house was developed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-192233), even with this, it was not possible to completely suppress the malodor and dust.

[0006]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention overcomes the drawbacks of the conventional poultry raising methods, enables a large number of chickens to be raised without generating odor and dust, and more The purpose was to obtain compost with high fertility.

[0007]

[Means for Solving the Problems] The inventors of the present invention have conducted various studies on the process in which organic matter is decomposed by nitrifying bacteria such as ammonia forming bacteria, nitrite forming bacteria and nitrifying forming bacteria in soil fungi, It is converted to ammonia nitrogen by ammonia forming bacteria, which is then oxidized to nitrate nitrogen through nitrite nitrogen by the action of nitrifying bacteria such as aerobic nitrite forming bacteria and nitrifying forming bacteria. The cause is that the organic matter decomposed at this time is not decomposed in a non-decomposed form for a long time or for a long time, and it was found that if it is rapidly transferred to nitrate nitrogen, the malodor is suppressed, and based on this finding The present invention has been completed.

That is, according to the present invention, under the condition that a nitric acid bacterium is propagated in a fermentation bed provided under a poultry house, and the conversion rate of the nitric acid bacterium from ammonia nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen is as high as possible. By continuing to raise chickens, we succeeded in suppressing the generation of offensive odors.

According to the present invention, a poultry house breeding floor is formed in a lattice shape, through which chicken manure is directly collected in a fermenter, and when treating the chicken manure there, a base material mainly composed of wood and nitric acid bacteria are used. , Which has a pH of 6.5 to 7.6, a water content of 50 to 65%, and a temperature of 20 to 45 ° C., and ferments aerobically to breed a large number of chickens in an odorless and dustless state. In addition, compost having a higher fertilizing effect than the processed chicken manure can be collected.

The fermentation bed used in the method of the present invention comprises a base material mainly composed of woody materials such as sawdust, bagasse and chaff, and phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, as sources of essential nutrients necessary for the activity of the fungus, What added the inorganic salt containing sulfur etc. is used as needed.

As the soil fungus to be added to this base material, the bacterial mixture existing in ordinary soil can be used as it is. Among such soil fungi, Nitrosomonas (Nitros) oxidizes ammonia to nitrite nitrogen.
Omonas), Nitrosococcus (Nitrosoc)
occus), nitrobacter which oxidizes nitrite nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen, and the like. These soil fungi are mixed in the falling bacteria, so it is not necessary to add them, but by adding soil, etc., or by using so-called back compost that uses compost once made, the start-up period at the start Can be shortened.

In the method of the present invention, the pH of the fermentation bed is
It is necessary to control the operation at 6.5 to 7.6, preferably around 7.0. When the pH becomes high, ammonia gas is generated and the odorless state cannot be maintained. .

Next, in the method of the present invention, the water content of the fermentation bed is constantly kept at 50 to 65%, and the temperature is kept at 20 to 45 ° C.
Preferably, it is necessary to carry out fermentation while maintaining the temperature at 25 to 35 ° C.

Up to now, when compulsory nitrifying action of soil bacteria is carried out under various conditions such as composting, the amount of water used in the method of the present invention and the low temperature fermentation at 30 ° C. or lower are slow to promote. It is considered that there is a certain temperature, and a temperature of 60 ° C. or higher is usually used.

According to the research conducted by the present inventors, however, ammonia is remarkably generated at a temperature of 60 ° C. or higher, which has been conventionally used, whereas generation of ammonia gas is drastically reduced when the temperature is lowered to 45 ° C. or lower. I found out. It is generally known that the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, so-called nitrification, is extremely quick even when the ammonia concentration is 100 ppm or less in the soil. By maintaining the temperature range in a fermenter, a so-called soil bacterium culture tank, chicken manure and organic matter such as food residues supplied to this fermentation bed are nitrified almost at the same time when they are converted to ammonia. .

Further, the fermentation in the present invention needs to be aerobically carried out under the condition that air is supplied.
That is, it is known that the bacterium that produces ammonia involves both aerobic and anaerobic, and the bacterium that oxidizes ammonia to nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen is aerobic. Fermenting under the conditions further promotes the effect of suppressing the generation of ammonia and the effect of promoting the production of nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen.

In the method of the present invention, since it is necessary to perform aerobic fermentation as described above, it is desirable to provide means for supplying air in a timely manner.
With about 60 birds, the necessary air can be supplied only by stirring at least once a day.

Further, since it is a bacterium that can exert its activity to the maximum extent in such an aerobic environment, it may be a dumpling-like substance attached to a stirring rod of a stirrer, a bottom plate of a fermenter, a side surface, or the like. It is strictly forbidden to mix anaerobic bacteria, etc. from the plant, especially to bring in bacteria that produce neto etc. On the other hand, it is absolutely necessary to avoid poultry manure, etc. from the outside that has started to be decomposed into the fermenter, because the flora of the fermenter cannot be balanced.

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a front view of a laboratory house used in the method of the present invention. In an actual breeding house, cages are arranged side by side in rows, and a space between the cages serves as a management passage for breeding. Since chicken droppings do not fall under this control passage, 6 and 6'rails and other equipment will be installed under this control passage.
Is made as a fine lattice plane. On the lower surface of the floor surface 1 of this breeding cage, a water sprinkler 2 is vertically installed with its tip facing the fermenter 3, and these water sprinklers 2 have a non-condensing spray port having a large number of small holes at the tip. Is connected to a flexible pipe, and its injection angle can be freely adjusted.

Below the floor surface 1 of the breeding cage, the fermenter 3
Is formed in. The inside of the fermenter 3 is solidified with concrete, and the air blow-out pipe 4 is arranged on the bottom surface, and air or warm air is supplied into the fermenting bacteria which are aerobic bacteria as needed through a blower provided outside the poultry house. It is supposed to be supplied. This air blowing tube can be omitted when the number of breeding per unit area is small.

Next, 5 is a mechanism for stirring the sawdust, that is, rails 6 and 6'are attached to the upper wall of the fermentation tank 3 along the longitudinal direction, and a traveling carriage 7 is mounted on the rails 6 and 6 '. The rack is engaged. A drive axle 9 and a stirring shaft 10 are attached to a frame 8 attached to the traveling carriage 7, and wheels 11 and a fork 13 are rotated by motors (not shown) provided in the frame 8 respectively. Has become. This traveling carriage 7 can be moved in the longitudinal direction in the fermentation tank 3 via an operation panel provided at an appropriate position in the livestock barn, and the stirring hawk 13 can be operated at any time. Also. It is expected that there will be a plurality of actual breeding houses depending on the scale, but this stirring device is sufficient by connecting each breeding house with a rail.

A fermenting bed a composed of a base material mainly composed of sawdust is filled in the fermenter with a thickness of about 30 cm, and soil bacteria are attached and inhabited on the surface of the sawdust. Since the sawdust has a good air permeability, the soil fungi act under aerobic conditions when the humidity and temperature are maintained, and the chicken dung eventually changes to nitrate nitrogen.

In this way, when the operation is started and a considerable amount of ammonia is generated at the beginning of the operation, when the steady state is reached, the amount of ammonia decreases so that it cannot be detected by the low concentration detector tube. In addition, the dust from the fermenter can hardly be confirmed.

However, in the conventional fermenter, it was not possible to prevent the generation of flies, no matter how careful the control was, however, in the method of the present invention, there was no generation of flies from the fermenter. Since it has no odor, it hardly comes from outside.

Further, in the method of the present invention, even if chicken dung is treated in the same fermenter for a long period of time, the capacity of the fermentation bed is slightly increased, and a compost enriched with nitrate nitrogen is appropriately taken out every several months. As a result, chickens can continue to be bred, but some undigested raw feces are contained in the compost that was unloaded during the chicken breeding period, so some ripening period is required at the destination. However, even here, ammonia is not generated, and it is not necessary to cut back with a shovel or the like which is normally used for composting.

Usually, when chickens are raised on the first new fermentation bed according to the method of the present invention, until they become odorless,
It takes about 6 weeks, but by leaving the first compost after the second time, it becomes odorless in about 2 weeks. After continuing for about 3 to 4 months, the content of ammonia nitrogen 2
mg / 100g or less, nitrate nitrogen content 500 to 700
It is possible to obtain a compost having a mg / 100 g, a P ₂ O ₅ content of 2-3%, a K ₂ O content of 1-1.5% and a carbon ratio (C / N) of about 15.

Since this compost contains a large amount of nitrate nitrogen, it is a fast-acting organic fertilizer most suitable for use especially in a dry agricultural area.

[0028]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.

Example 1 A fermenter having the structure shown in FIG. 1 was provided on the floor surface of a poultry house having a cage floor area of 16.14 m ^2, and sawdust having a water content of about 50% was spread to a height of about 30 cm.

50 chickens / tsubo are housed in a poultry house having such a structure, the pH of the fermentation bed is kept near neutral, the temperature is kept at about 30 ° C., and the water content of the fermented bed depends on the water content of the chicken excrement. As the water fluctuates, water is supplied by a water sprinkler as needed to supply 50
Keep it at ~ 60% and stir once a day,
After breeding under normal breeding conditions, after the 5th week, the amount of ammonia generated decreased to such an extent that it could not be sensed by the sense of smell, and the odorless state could be maintained thereafter.

Table 1 shows changes over time in the amount of generated ammonia (NH ₃ ), ammonia nitrogen (NH ₄ -N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO ₃ -N) in the compost.

[0032]

[Table 1]

Example 2 70 chickens / tsubo were housed in the same poultry house as in Example 1, and the water content was controlled to 53 to 59% and the temperature to 24 to 32 ° C., and 4 m ³ / Minute air 1 a day
The animals were bred under normal breeding conditions while feeding for a period of time.

Approximately 4 weeks after the start of breeding, the amount of ammonia generated dropped to 10.0 ppm, which was below the detection limit of the detector tube, and this state was maintained thereafter, and it was completely odorless.

Further, the condensate collected from the fermentation bed on the 100th day
Analysis of the post revealed that ammonia nitrogen 5.56m
g / 100 g, nitrate nitrogen 654.01 mg / 100
g, P _TwoO₅ 2.40%, K_TwoO 0.93%, organic matter
26.1%, carbon rate (C / N) 17.4 (both are actual
Per analysis value), and it is suitable as a fertilizer
I understand.

Comparative Example 1 In Example 1, when the fermentation bed was raised under exactly the same conditions except that the temperature was 50 ° C., the amount of ammonia generated was 38.5 ppm even on the 30th day, and a remarkable malodor was detected. It was This condition did not change after two months.

Comparative Example 2 When the animal was raised under exactly the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the pH was maintained at around 8.0, the ammonia generation amount was 28.1 ppm even on the 30th day, and thereafter. The offensive odor continued.

[0038]

[Effect of the Invention] At present, it is said that the material of organic fertilizer is too small, but this is because livestock production is concentrated in some areas suitable for the breeding environment, and in these areas, The current situation is that it has a bad influence on the environment. For example, groundwater pollution is an example of its location, but pollution control for these is strict in Europe, the Netherlands, Germany, etc., and there are some places where poultry farms can not operate unless they have farms above a certain standard. .

According to the present invention, chicken breeding, which has been a cause of environmental damage due to the generation of malodor and dust, can be completely deodorized, and highly fertile compost can be obtained from the fermentation bed. However, the biggest effect is that the entire farm can be cleaned, which has been considered difficult until now. For example, it is possible to continue management by setting up a poultry farm where complaints are being made near a residential area where there are bad odors in the suburbs of Tokyo.
In addition, at the time of installation, it is possible to make use of the existing equipment in the stilt poultry house by only installing a part such as sales expansion installation, secure a site for installing chicken dung processing equipment, compost building and compost building. This is a method that alleviates the burden on the manager as much as possible without the need to build a deodorizing tower or the like for removing the foul odor generated from the building.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of an example of a poultry house used in the method of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Floor of breeding cage 2 Sprinkler 3 Fermenter 5 Stirring mechanism 7 Traveling trolley 13 Stirring hawk

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A chicken breeding method in which a poultry house floor surface is formed in a lattice shape, through which chicken dung is directly collected in a fermentation bed, and the chicken dung is treated there. PH of 6.5-7.6, water content 50
An odorless poultry farming method, which comprises fermenting aerobically while maintaining a condition of ~ 65% and a fermentation temperature of 20-45 ° C. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation bed is agitated at least once a day.