WO2000043126A1

WO2000043126A1 - Device for treating composite elements

Info

Publication number: WO2000043126A1
Application number: PCT/EP2000/000302
Authority: WO
Inventors: Robert Weber
Original assignee: Result Ag
Priority date: 1999-01-20
Filing date: 2000-01-15
Publication date: 2000-07-27
Also published as: AU2437500A; DE19925078A1; HK1043334A1; ATE249281T1; ZA200106874B; EP1146965B1; EP1146965A1; HK1043334B; DE50003631D1; AU763186B2; PT1146965E; ES2206186T3; DE29904008U1

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (10) for treating composite elements made of solid organic and/or inorganic composite materials. Said device (10) contains a flow path situated between a feed channel (34) and a tube-like outlet (38, 38a) in a housing. Said flow path is used for a transport fluid which is produced by disintegrating the composite materials and which carries particles made of solid matter. A conveyor element (78) is allocated to the cross section of the tube-like outlet. Said conveyor element (78) contains plate-like surface agents (76) which extend in the direction of the flow. A grid element or sieve element (86) which extends at least partially through said cross section is also allocated to said cross section. Plates (76) which are configured as surface agents protrude radially and parallel in relation to the longitudinal axis of a shaft from the shaft (74) that extends in the direction of flow and is pivotably mounted. Said plates are adjusted to the longitudinal section of the interior (84) of a tube-like housing (72) and can be pivoted like paddles in said interior.

Description

DESCRIPTION

Device for treating composite elements

The invention relates to a device for treating composite elements made of solid organic and / or inorganic composite materials such as composite metal / metal, plastic / plastic, metal / plastic or mineral composite with metals and / or plastics, with a flow path between a supply channel and a tubular Discharge in a housing for a transport fluid carrying solid particles produced from the connection element (s) by disintegration. A preferred embodiment of the device is to be provided with a family of moving acceleration tools as a rotor, relative to a stator about a shaft rotating them on plates arranged one above the other - spaced apart from one another on a design circle - which each have a tear-off edge in the direction of flow Generate a vortex from the transport fluid and its solids load, the plates determining a plurality of superimposed acceleration planes within a cylindrical wall of the housing as a stator; the housing, with the plates carrying the acceleration tools, delimits the flow path designed in the manner of an annular space.

Composite elements of the type mentioned are, for example, tinned copper conductor tracks of circuits, fiber-reinforced plastics or copper-plated aluminum wires in coextruded or laminated form. For example, metal-metal composites - for example in the case of coaxial cables - consist primarily of a metal carrier, for example an aluminum wire, with a galvanically or thermally applied copper layer, plastic-plastic composites in the application packaging film for food from a plastic carrier formed by polyamides (PA) with laminated, laminated or co-extruded polyethylene (PE). Also art Glass fiber epoxy plate as a carrier with copper coating as the base material for printed circuits. Metal-plastic composites include a support made of aluminum sheet with a glued-on protective film made of polypropylene (PP) for facade panels and weather protection cladding.

These composite elements are particularly problematic when it comes to disposal, as the materials in the composite have not yet been separated. These composite elements are almost exclusively incinerated or landfilled - in an environmentally incompatible manner - and thus removed from the economic cycle.

The composite elements that have to be disposed of in an orderly manner also include residues from the packaging area; It is precisely there that co-extruded and laminated products have so far been irreplaceable, because the materials in combination have excellent packaging properties.

In conventional processing, the composite element is disintegrated by means of the grain or particle size, which is smaller than the respective layer thickness of the components. This digestion is generally carried out by means of at least one-stage micronization in appropriate mills, such as hammer, impact or countercurrent mills, if necessary with the support of nitrogen for inerting and deep-freezing.

DE-A-195 09 808 by the applicant describes a method by means of which solid particles are produced from the composite elements mentioned and these are fed to a transport fluid - such as air - at least one of which relative to the flow of the mixture of solid particles and transport fluid Current-crossing flow obstacle is moved as a trailing edge to form accelerating tail vortices opening up the mixture. There is a sudden increase both in the transition to this rear swirl the acceleration of the solid particles as well as their friction - which unlocks them - against each other. The mixture of transport fluid and solid particles is fed to the separation or disintegration process at the tear-off edges with an acceleration of 20 to 25 m / sec ^ after the composite elements to be treated have been roughly crushed or compressed before the separation or disintegration process. According to DE-A-195 09 808, the composites are pre-comminuted to form particles that are above the grain size of fine comminutions and then fed to the separation or disintegration zone, thus accelerated in the air stream. The individual substances in the composite are released, the physically different metallic layers as well as the plastic layers separate from each other. This detachment takes place along the phase boundaries.

From FR-A-1 562 613, a comminution mill with a rotor having multiple turntables and this extensive cylindrical housing has become known, in which the conveyed material is guided by a screw to the lower end of the rotor and then by the air flow of the rotor. above a sieve plate and below the rotor bearing - spanning fan is detected. The upward-moving regrind is comminuted by so-called plaques de broyage, that is to say by grinding or crushing plates which protrude radially from rotating rotor plates and are arranged close to the housing wall. The grinding or crushing plates interacting with the housing wall are each equipped with an elliptical frame at their ends; these frames run on a construction circle on the inside of the housing and are intended to help increase the grinding and crushing effect. In addition, according to the author of that FR-A-1 562 613, turbulence should also be involved in this shredding process. A bypass is attached to the housing of this shredding mill below the fan, which re-feeds coarse particles to the lower inlet. DE-A-42 00 827 also describes such a grinding mill, the first outlet opening of which is followed by two cyclones connected in series as separators. The regrind accumulated in the first cyclone is brought together with the regrind of the second cyclone via a screw, and both components are removed by a rotary valve.

A plant according to DE-A-42 13 274 contains, as one of the units, the comminution mill of FR-A-1 562 613 and describes a special design of grinding plates attached to the stator and a radial discharge channel near the grinding plates. In the discharge channel, a triangular baffle bar for the regrind is arranged in plan view.

Knowing this state of the art, the inventor has set himself the goal of developing a device of the type mentioned at the beginning with which it is possible to separate composite elements into fractions, in particular for the recovery of valuable materials; the composite materials should be able to be brought back into the economic cycle without polluting the environment. In addition, the device should be easy to adapt to the process conditions.

The teaching of the independent claims leads to the solution of this problem; the subclaims indicate favorable further training. In addition, all combinations of at least two of the features disclosed in the description, the drawing and / or the claims fall within the scope of the invention.

According to the invention, the cross-section of the tubular discharge is assigned, on the one hand, a conveying element with plate-like surface elements which are movable in cross-section and run in the flow direction, and, on the other hand, a grid or sieve element which at least partially spans the cross-section. The surface organs are advantageously radially of a rotatably loaded in the flow direction erten wave protruding, aligned with two of their edges parallel to the shaft longitudinal axis, which are adapted to the longitudinal section of the interior of a tubular housing and are paddle-like rotatable in this interior.

It has proven to be advantageous to choose the diameter of the housing interior longer than twice the diameter of the discharge tube. The disc-shaped housing is between two - preferably coaxial with - ex-sections of the discharge so in this inserted ^"that the plates of the shaft which lie in the upper housing portion openings of the tube sections traversed as low it has been found to have the. - Provide shaft mounted in the end walls of the housing outside the housing interior in order to be able to adapt the plate size to the longitudinal section of this housing interior following the diametrals.

The solid particles passing through the pipe cross section in the flow direction through the transport fluid reach a sieve element in front of the opposite mouth of the pipe section continuing the discharge path; Within the scope of the invention, the flat sieve element is assigned to the edges of the plates pointing in the direction of flow, preferably spanned and fixed on them, and retains the larger particles in the interior of the housing in accordance with its mesh size.

According to a further feature of the invention, to accommodate the particles, two plates projecting adjacent to the shaft with the sieve element or grating extending transversely to one end form a movable receiving space for the solid particles retained by the sieve element. These are transported through the rotating plates around the shaft to an outlet opening, which is located in the cylindrical wall of the housing, preferably at the deepest part of the interior below the mouths of the sections of the discharge tube. Overall, the device according to the invention allows a simple separation of solid particles from the rest of the flow.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention result from the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments and from the drawing; this shows in:

1: a partially sectioned side view of a device for treating composite elements with feed and discharge lines for them;

Fig. 2: the top view of Fig. 1;

FIG. 3 shows a front view of a device, enlarged in section compared to FIG. 1;

FIG. 4: an illustration corresponding approximately to FIG. 3 of another embodiment of the device;

5: the cross section through FIG. 3 along the line V - V, in which central installations - for the sake of clarity - have been neglected;

6: a sectional side view of part of a derivative of the device with an integrated treatment device;

7: a front view of the treatment device according to arrow VII in FIG. 6.

Composite elements made of solid organic and / or inorganic composite materials - such as composites made of metal / metal, plastic / plastic, metal / plastic or mineral composites with metals and / or plastics - are crushed to a grain size of about 5 to 50 mm and then in a separating or unlocking device 10 selectively unlocked by an acceleration process. The unlocking device 10 has, above a cuboid base frame 12, a rotor 14 with a vertically arranged rotor shaft 16 engaging in the base frame 12 and a base attachment 18 with adjustable supports 19 for a drive unit 20; the lower end 15 of the rotor shaft 16 carries a V-groove sleeve 22 which is connected to a drive shaft 21 of the drive unit 20 by means of several narrow V-belts indicated at 23. The distance a between the rotor axis A and the drive axis B is variably adjustable by moving the drive unit.

Surrounding the rotor 14, for example the outside diameter d of 1200 mm, above the base frame 12 is a cylindrical wall 24 of a housing 25, the housing interior 26 of which is closed at the top by means of an exchangeable housing cover 27; on the inside it carries a central shoulder 28 of diameter b of approximately 600 mm. The disc-like bottom 28 _{a of} this approach 28 runs near the upper end 17 of the rotor 16 and offers a receptacle 29 for this in FIG. 1.

In a cover plate 30 of the base frame 12 which also serves as the housing base, the mouth 32 of a feed channel 34 for the air-controlled flow of pre-comminuted composite elements is provided near the rotor shaft 16 which passes through the cover plate 30 with play. In an embodiment of the unlocking device 10, not shown, the feed channel 34 is equipped with at least two openings 32. In addition to this feed channel 34, a heavy material discharge 36 runs; Heavy suspended parts fall down from the air-controlled material flow and are removed from the cover plate 30 thanks to the heavy material discharge 36. In the head region of the rotor 14, a discharge pipe 38 with a connecting flange 39 protrudes tangentially from the housing wall 24. Since the discharge tube 38 is fixed to the housing 25, that housing cover 27 can be raised without any problems — for example for replacing the rotor 14. Housing doors and control boxes or the like attached to the housing 25 are not shown. Extensions.

The rotor shaft 16 is mounted in the area of that cover plate 30 by means of an angular contact ball bearing 40 in a shaft tube 42, its lower end, which cannot be seen, rests in another ball bearing.

In FIG. 3, a collar 44 of the free upper part of the rotor shaft 16 overlying the fixed bearing 40 can be seen. This free rotor part defines the active rotor area with the acceleration plates 46 surrounding it.

The acceleration plates 46 each offer an acceleration plane and carry a plurality of radially projecting acceleration fins 48 as tools on their peripheral edge. Acceleration fins 48 adjacent to an acceleration plate 46 determine a center point angle of approximately 10 ° here. The plate-like acceleration fins 48 are specially designed depending on the respective application. The lowest of the acceleration plates 46 forms a structural unit with a distribution disk 50.

With the interposition of an intermediate plate 52, the lower assembly 46/50 mentioned is spanned by four - or more - further plate-like acceleration planes 46 which lie axially on the free part of the rotor shaft 16 by means of hub bushes 47. On the intermediate plate 52 of the top acceleration level

46 forms a stowage plate 54 from two disks fixed to a central retaining bushing a stowage level. The upper disk of the storage plate 54 has a smaller diameter than the lower disk. Spacers 56 are located between the disks at a distance from the rotor axis A.

The retaining sleeve of the storage plate 54 is spanned by a shoulder cover 58 screwed to the rotor shaft 16 in the rotor axis A. Tensioning rods 59 running parallel to the rotor axis A penetrate both the shoulder cover 58 and thrust channels in the superimposed hub sleeves

47 and sit at the end in the distribution disk 50.

The cylindrical wall 24 of the housing 25 serving as a stator delimits the outside of the flow path for a mixture of solid particles and carrier fluid, for example air, introduced through the feed channel 34 near the rotor shaft 16; the other side of the flow path is delimited by the acceleration fins or plates 46 in the five floors indicated in FIG. 3. The mixture of solid particles and transport air is fed on the distribution disk 50 to a narrow annular space in the area of the acceleration rafts 48 of the structural unit 46/50 between the housing wall 24 and the rotor 14 in such a way that it flows against the direction of rotation x of the rotor 14. This creates - in the direction of rotation x - a rear vortex behind each acceleration fin 48, which produces a tear-off edge. The mixture flow is accelerated abruptly in this, the solid particles are rubbed against each other and thereby dissolved into their components. For this purpose, the peripheral speeds of the tear-off edge, process temperature and air flow rate can be preselected and adjusted. Before entering the next floor, the mixture flow can expand briefly in order to then reach the downstream annular space. In the area of the storage plate 54, the portions of the solid material articles which are guided upwards and thereby opened up are passed to the discharge pipe 38.

In FIG. 3, an annular element 60 is inserted above the storage plate 54 into the housing wall 24, from which a radial tube 62 flanged on the outside extends. A guide device 64, which projects approximately radially into the housing interior 26 and is sketched in FIG. 5, is inserted into this. This guide insert 64 protrudes into the housing interior 26 with a cantilever head 68, which offers a vane surface 66 curved in plan view against the flow direction y. The free radial collar length e of this guide or steering insert 64 is adjustable; the latter is provided with a strip-like stop section 69 here, which can be screwed laterally in the radial tube 62 in different insertion lengths t. This cantilever length e is selected such that the end edge 67 of the blade surface 66, which is parallel to the rotor axis A, on the cantilever head 68, which is approximately triangular in plan view, in the border area between the outer movement path of coarse particles which can be seen in FIG. 5 Q on the one hand and the inward trajectory of fine particles Q__ on the other; the coarse particles Q are skimmed off from the guide insert 64 and discharged through the radial tube 62 serving as particle discharge.

. The digester I0 _a of Fig 4 has several - at least two - of the ring elements 60 described above to each other; With these the different types of particles Q, Q__ are discharged separately.

The composite element given to the unlocking device 10, 10 _a is released by releasing the different physical properties of the composite materials - in particular the density, elongation at break, restoring force, thermal expansion and heat transfer as well as the elasticity and the with associated molecular structural differences - selectively disrupted, and the adhesions of the composite materials are removed from one another.

As a result of the treatment in the unlocking device 10, 10 _a , the composite element is broken down into different structures, the individual components also behaving differently in terms of dimension and geometry due to their different physical characteristics.

As already mentioned, the composite elements can be compressed before digestion. It has been shown that with this selective digestion, the components made of polyethylene remain essentially unchanged, while metallic components, for example made of aluminum - which previously existed in a flat form - are deformed into onion-like structures. Plastic composites, for example polystyrene / polyethylene, open up into different structures without any significant deformation, with discernible differences in particle sizes; these are considerably larger than the aluminum onion structures mentioned.

The selective digestion removes the individual layers of the composite element without reducing the layer thickness of the components.

According to FIG. 6 _, a separating or catching device 70 is installed in a discharge pipe 38 _a , with which - indicated at Q.

- Larger particles are removed from the material flow, in which then only the smaller particles Q__ remain. Between two pipe sections of the discharge pipe 38 _{a of} an inner diameter i provided with flanges 39, a tubular housing 72 of the inner diameter n is inserted; the latter is longer than twice the inner diameter i of the discharge tube 38 _a . In the housing axis E, a shaft 74 with paddle-like plates 76 oriented along the housing axis E and projecting radially therefrom - one of which is optically highlighted in FIG. 6, partially hatched - is rotatable in bearings 75 as a conveying element 78 appropriate; the bearings 75 are located in the end walls 73 of the housing. The shaft 74 is connected via an endless belt 80 to a drive 82, which is located on a side base 79, and can be rotated by it in such a way that the plates 76 in which fill the longitudinal section of the interior 84 of the housing move the latter evenly.

A grid or sieve 86 is spanned at the rear edges 77 of the plates 76 in the flow direction y, which separates those coarse particles Q from the particles Q__ of smaller grain sizes; the retained coarse particles Q are carried within the housing 72 and fed to a discharge opening 88 located in its base region, which is delimited laterally by angle profiles 90 in FIG. 7.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1. Device for treating composite elements made of solid organic and / or inorganic composite materials such as composite metal / metal, plastic / plastic, metal / plastic or mineral composite with metals and / or plastics, with a flow path between a supply channel (34) and a tubular discharge (38, 38 _a ) in a housing (25) for a transport fluid carrying solid particles produced from the composite element (s) by disintegration,

characterized,

that the cross-section of the tubular discharge (38, 38 _a ) is assigned a conveying element (78) with plate-like surface elements (76) which can be moved in this cross-section and run in the flow direction (y) and at least one grating or sieve element (86) which at least partially spans the cross-section are.

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized by radial plates (76) projecting radially from a rotatable shaft (74) running in the direction of flow (y) and rotating as a surface element as the surface organ which corresponds to the longitudinal section of the interior (84) of a tubular housing (72) are adapted and can be rotated paddle-like in this interior.

3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the diameter (n) of the housing interior (84) is longer than twice the diameter (i) of the discharge tube (38, 38 _a ).

4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the shaft (74) is mounted on both ends in end walls (73) of the housing (72).

5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the housing (72) is inserted eccentrically axially parallel in the discharge tube (38, 38 _a ) and the cross sections of the two sections of the discharge tube each other in the upper part of the housing interior ( 84) face each other.

6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the shaft (74) outside the cross section of the discharge tube (38, 38 _a ) is arranged.

7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the screen element (86) is assigned to the edges (77) of the plates (76) pointing in the direction of flow (y).

8. The device according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that the flat sieve element (86) on the plate edges (77) is stretched and fixed.

9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that two adjacent to the shaft

(74) protruding plates (76) with the sieve element (86) running transversely to them form a movable receiving space for solid particles (Q, Q) retained by the sieve element.

10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the cylindrical wall of the housing (72) is provided with at least one discharge opening (88).

1. Device according to one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that the discharge opening (88) is arranged at the deepest interior space below the mouths of the sections of the discharge tube (38 _a ).