WO2000036397A1 - Friction measurement device for a vehicle and utilization thereof - Google Patents

Friction measurement device for a vehicle and utilization thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000036397A1
WO2000036397A1 PCT/NO1999/000378 NO9900378W WO0036397A1 WO 2000036397 A1 WO2000036397 A1 WO 2000036397A1 NO 9900378 W NO9900378 W NO 9900378W WO 0036397 A1 WO0036397 A1 WO 0036397A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vehicle
friction
actuator
wheel
disclosed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO1999/000378
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Ole-Petter Michelsen
Thor Wiggo Olsen
Original Assignee
Michelsen Ole Petter
Thor Wiggo Olsen
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from NO985887A external-priority patent/NO985887D0/en
Application filed by Michelsen Ole Petter, Thor Wiggo Olsen filed Critical Michelsen Ole Petter
Priority to AU16998/00A priority Critical patent/AU1699800A/en
Publication of WO2000036397A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000036397A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
    • E01C23/06—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road
    • E01C23/07—Apparatus combining measurement of the surface configuration of paving with application of material in proportion to the measured irregularities
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/12—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for distributing granular or liquid materials
    • E01C19/20—Apparatus for distributing, e.g. spreading, granular or pulverulent materials, e.g. sand, gravel, salt, dry binders
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/12—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for distributing granular or liquid materials
    • E01C19/20—Apparatus for distributing, e.g. spreading, granular or pulverulent materials, e.g. sand, gravel, salt, dry binders
    • E01C19/201—Apparatus for distributing, e.g. spreading, granular or pulverulent materials, e.g. sand, gravel, salt, dry binders with driven loosening, discharging or spreading parts, e.g. power-driven, drive derived from road-wheels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/20—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring wheel side-thrust
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
    • G01N19/02—Measuring coefficient of friction between materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device mounted on a vehicle for measuring the friction of a hard underlying surface, such as a roadway or runway, whilst the vehicle is in motion, wherein a recording wheel on the vehicle is brought into contact with the underlying surface and the movement of the wheel relative to the underlying surface is measured.
  • the device is characterised in that the recording wheel is free-running with no braking means, that the recording wheel is mounted on the vehicle in such a manner that with the aid of an actuator it is capable of turning to an angle relative to the direction of travel of the vehicle, and that a means is provided to register the friction between the wearing surface of the recording wheel and the underlying surface as a function of either a) the force acting on the actuator when the angle is maintained virtually constant, or b) the angular deviation when the force acting on the actuator is maintained virtually constant.
  • the device is used to measure roadway or runway friction and at the same time, as a function thereof, to actuate a roadway gritting apparatus mounted on the vehicle.
  • the device will now be described in more detail with reference to the attached drawings:
  • Fig. 1 shows a vehicle with the device mounted thereon.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of the lateral movement of the device in relation to the vehicle.
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the device mounted on a gritting truck.
  • Fig. 4 is a simplified coupling diagram for the device.
  • Figs. 5a, 5b and 5c show the device mounted on a vehicle, in respectively an inactive transport position, an active position with high coefficient of friction and an active position with low coefficient of friction.
  • Fig. 6 shows an enlarged section of the illustration shown in Fig. 5.
  • the recording wheel 1 of the device is mounted in connection with the chassis 3 of the vehicle 2, e.g., on the left-hand side of the vehicle between the front wheels 4 of the vehicle and its rear wheels 5.
  • the recording wheel 1 runs freely without any braking action and measures the forces necessary to turn the wheel 1 at different friction ratios.
  • the coefficient of friction is high, the wheel 1 will run almost straight ahead (as indicated in Fig. 5b), whereas when the coefficient of friction is low, it will run turned substantially inwards beneath the vehicle (as indicated in Fig. 5c).
  • the recording wheel is vertically adjustable between an inactive transport position, as shown in Fig. 5a, and a friction-measuring position, as shown in Fig. 5b and Fig. 5c, with the aid of a first actuator 6, e.g., a pneumatic or hydraulic jack. Furthermore, the device has a second actuator 7 which can cause the wheel 1 to be capable of turning to an angle relative to the direction of travel 8 of the vehicle.
  • a recording means such as the recording means 9 or 10. as indicated in Fig. 4.
  • the said means 9 When the actuator 7 is a hydraulic or pneumatic jack, the said means 9 will expediently be a pressure meter arranged in connection with the pressure hose 11 of the jack 7. If the actuator 7 is an electric jack, the said means 9 could be an ammeter arranged in connection with the jack power supply 11 ', as indicated in Fig. 4.
  • the said means as indicated by means of reference numeral 10 may be an angle gauge that is known per se which is, e.g., arranged in connection with the vertical pivotable 12 of the recording wheel.
  • an angle gauge of this kind it will be necessary to maintain the power from the actuator 7 virtually constant at all times.
  • the pressure gauge 9 will via a recording unit 17 be able to cause the pressure to be kept almost constant.
  • the wheel has a wheel suspension 13 that is conventional per se.
  • the actuator 6 and/or 7 is a hydraulic or pneumatic jack, it will receive its fluid supply from a fluid reservoir 14 and/or 15, as indicated in Fig. 4 and Fig. 6. However, if one or both of the actuators are in the form of an electric jack, it/they will receive power supply via supply line 16 and then via line 11 '.
  • the measuring device comprises a recording unit 17 which relays power supply to the actuator 6 and 7, whilst receiving signals either from the pressure gauge 9 or the gauge 10 via respective lines 18 or 19. This signal is relayed to a calculating means 20 which calculates the coefficient of friction that applies to the underlying surface.
  • the value of friction measured is also related to the speed of the vehicle 2 in that a speed signal from a speedometer 21 is fed into the means 20.
  • the coefficients of friction can be fed to a display unit and/or a printer 22.
  • the means 20 may, if desired, also be capable of automatically or semi- automatically controlling a gritting apparatus 23 via a control line 24, although the gritting apparatus may, of course, also be controlled manually via a control line 25.
  • the recording wheel is lowered to the underlying surface (roadway/runway) and begins to measure the friction as the vehicle moves forwards.
  • Correct coefficient of friction will normally only be obtainable once the vehicle has moved a minimum distance, e.g., 50 m, and at a specific driving speed, e.g., 50 km/hour, straight ahead.
  • the recording wheel should not be engaged at excessively high speeds, e.g., speeds of more than 40 km/hour.
  • the air pressure in the recording wheel should be virtually constant. If the underlying surface presents relatively high coefficients of friction, e.g., more than 0.5, it will be appreciated that when the vehicle is driven continuously the tread of the wheel 1 will be worn down relatively severely. In such cases it is not necessary to measure across the whole measuring distance, but just at certain test points. As previously indicated, the friction measuring device will be capable of making continuous measurements of roadway or runway friction and, as a function thereof, operating a gritting apparatus 23 that is mounted on the vehicle.
  • vehicle in this description should be understood to mean either a self- propelling vehicle or a non-self propelling vehicle which can be pulled or pushed by a self-propelling vehicle.
  • a gritting truck (not shown) can be towed behind the vehicle shown in Fig. 1 and Figs. 5a)-c).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Road Repair (AREA)

Abstract

A device mounted on a vehicle (2) for measuring the friction of a hard underlying surface, such as a roadway or a runway, whilst the vehicle is in motion, wherein a recording wheel (1) on the vehicle is brought into contact with the underlying surface and the movement of the wheel relative to the underlying surface is measured. The recording wheel is free-running with no braking means, and is mounted on the vehicle in such a manner that with the aid of an actuator (6, 7) it is capable of turning to an angle relative to the direction of travel of the vehicle. A means (9, 10) is provided to record the friction between the tread of the recording wheel (1) and the underlying surface. The device is designed to continously measure roadway or runway friction and at the same time, as a function thereof, to operate a road gritting apparatus (23) mounted on the vehicle.

Description

FRICTION MEASUREMENT DEVICE FOR A VEHICLE AND UTILIZATION THEREOF
The present invention relates to a device mounted on a vehicle for measuring the friction of a hard underlying surface, such as a roadway or runway, whilst the vehicle is in motion, wherein a recording wheel on the vehicle is brought into contact with the underlying surface and the movement of the wheel relative to the underlying surface is measured.
There is previously known a device of this kind wherein a braking means on the recording wheel is actuated and wherein the braking force to prevent the wheel from rotating is a function of the friction between the wheel and the underlying surface. Since measurements are made continuously whilst the vehicle is in motion, the method is unduly unreliable, in particular on an underlying surface where the friction keeps varying the direction of travel. Moreover, it is unfortunate that the wheel must be constantly subjected to a braking action, which is apt to cause the recording wheel to run hot.
It is the object of the present invention to provide a simple solution to the problems associated with this prior art solution, and according to the invention the device is characterised in that the recording wheel is free-running with no braking means, that the recording wheel is mounted on the vehicle in such a manner that with the aid of an actuator it is capable of turning to an angle relative to the direction of travel of the vehicle, and that a means is provided to register the friction between the wearing surface of the recording wheel and the underlying surface as a function of either a) the force acting on the actuator when the angle is maintained virtually constant, or b) the angular deviation when the force acting on the actuator is maintained virtually constant.
Further embodiments of the device are described in the attached patent claims and in the description that now follows.
Advantageously, the device is used to measure roadway or runway friction and at the same time, as a function thereof, to actuate a roadway gritting apparatus mounted on the vehicle. The device will now be described in more detail with reference to the attached drawings:
Fig. 1 shows a vehicle with the device mounted thereon.
Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of the lateral movement of the device in relation to the vehicle.
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the device mounted on a gritting truck.
Fig. 4 is a simplified coupling diagram for the device.
Figs. 5a, 5b and 5c show the device mounted on a vehicle, in respectively an inactive transport position, an active position with high coefficient of friction and an active position with low coefficient of friction.
Fig. 6 shows an enlarged section of the illustration shown in Fig. 5.
Advantageously, the recording wheel 1 of the device is mounted in connection with the chassis 3 of the vehicle 2, e.g., on the left-hand side of the vehicle between the front wheels 4 of the vehicle and its rear wheels 5. The recording wheel 1 runs freely without any braking action and measures the forces necessary to turn the wheel 1 at different friction ratios. When the coefficient of friction is high, the wheel 1 will run almost straight ahead (as indicated in Fig. 5b), whereas when the coefficient of friction is low, it will run turned substantially inwards beneath the vehicle (as indicated in Fig. 5c).
The recording wheel is vertically adjustable between an inactive transport position, as shown in Fig. 5a, and a friction-measuring position, as shown in Fig. 5b and Fig. 5c, with the aid of a first actuator 6, e.g., a pneumatic or hydraulic jack. Furthermore, the device has a second actuator 7 which can cause the wheel 1 to be capable of turning to an angle relative to the direction of travel 8 of the vehicle. In order to record the angular deviation as a function of the friction between the tread of the recording wheel and the underlying surface, there is provided a recording means, such as the recording means 9 or 10. as indicated in Fig. 4. When the actuator 7 is a hydraulic or pneumatic jack, the said means 9 will expediently be a pressure meter arranged in connection with the pressure hose 11 of the jack 7. If the actuator 7 is an electric jack, the said means 9 could be an ammeter arranged in connection with the jack power supply 11 ', as indicated in Fig. 4.
In an alternative embodiment, the said means as indicated by means of reference numeral 10 may be an angle gauge that is known per se which is, e.g., arranged in connection with the vertical pivotable 12 of the recording wheel. When using an angle gauge of this kind, it will be necessary to maintain the power from the actuator 7 virtually constant at all times. The pressure gauge 9 will via a recording unit 17 be able to cause the pressure to be kept almost constant.
As shown in Fig. 4, the wheel has a wheel suspension 13 that is conventional per se. If the actuator 6 and/or 7 is a hydraulic or pneumatic jack, it will receive its fluid supply from a fluid reservoir 14 and/or 15, as indicated in Fig. 4 and Fig. 6. However, if one or both of the actuators are in the form of an electric jack, it/they will receive power supply via supply line 16 and then via line 11 '. The measuring device comprises a recording unit 17 which relays power supply to the actuator 6 and 7, whilst receiving signals either from the pressure gauge 9 or the gauge 10 via respective lines 18 or 19. This signal is relayed to a calculating means 20 which calculates the coefficient of friction that applies to the underlying surface. Advantageously, the value of friction measured is also related to the speed of the vehicle 2 in that a speed signal from a speedometer 21 is fed into the means 20. The coefficients of friction can be fed to a display unit and/or a printer 22. The means 20 may, if desired, also be capable of automatically or semi- automatically controlling a gritting apparatus 23 via a control line 24, although the gritting apparatus may, of course, also be controlled manually via a control line 25. When readings are to be taken, the recording wheel is lowered to the underlying surface (roadway/runway) and begins to measure the friction as the vehicle moves forwards. Correct coefficient of friction will normally only be obtainable once the vehicle has moved a minimum distance, e.g., 50 m, and at a specific driving speed, e.g., 50 km/hour, straight ahead. The recording wheel should not be engaged at excessively high speeds, e.g., speeds of more than 40 km/hour.
The air pressure in the recording wheel should be virtually constant. If the underlying surface presents relatively high coefficients of friction, e.g., more than 0.5, it will be appreciated that when the vehicle is driven continuously the tread of the wheel 1 will be worn down relatively severely. In such cases it is not necessary to measure across the whole measuring distance, but just at certain test points. As previously indicated, the friction measuring device will be capable of making continuous measurements of roadway or runway friction and, as a function thereof, operating a gritting apparatus 23 that is mounted on the vehicle.
The word "vehicle" in this description should be understood to mean either a self- propelling vehicle or a non-self propelling vehicle which can be pulled or pushed by a self-propelling vehicle. Thus, e.g., a gritting truck (not shown) can be towed behind the vehicle shown in Fig. 1 and Figs. 5a)-c).

Claims

P a t e n t c l a i m s
1.
A device mounted on a vehicle for measuring the friction of a hard underlying surface, such as a roadway or a runway, whilst the vehicle is in motion, wherein a recording wheel on the vehicle is brought into contact with the underlying surface and the movement of the wheel relative to the underlying surface is measured, characterised in that the recording wheel is independent of the ordinary road wheels of the vehicle and is free-running with no braking means, that the recording wheel is mounted on the vehicle in such a manner that with the aid of an actuator it is capable of turning to an angle relative to the direction of travel of the vehicle, and that a means is provided to record the friction between the tread of the recording wheel and the underlying surface as a function of either a) the force acting on the actuator when the angle is maintained virtually constant, or b) the angular deviation when the force acting on the actuator is maintained virtually constant.
2. A device as disclosed in claim 1 , characterised in that the actuator is a hydraulic or pneumatic jack, and that said means is a pressure gauge that is arranged in connection with the jack fluid supply, and an angle gauge arranged in connection with the recording wheel.
3.
A device as disclosed in claim 1, characterised in that the actuator is an electric jack, and that said means is an ammeter that is arranged in connection with the jack power supply, and an angle gauge arranged in connection with the recording wheel.
4.
A device as disclosed in claim 2 or 3, characterised in that said angle gauge is arranged in connection with said vertical spindle.
5. A device as disclosed in claim 1 , 2, 3 or 4, characterised in that the force on the actuator is constant, and that the angular deviation is greater at relatively low levels of friction than at relatively high levels of friction.
A device as disclosed in claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterised in that the force on the actuator is greater at high levels of friction than at low levels of friction when the angle is maintained constant.
7.
A device as disclosed in one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the recording wheel is designed to be capable of moving in beneath the vehicle during the friction measurement.
8.
The use of a device as disclosed in one or more of claims 1-7, for continuously measuring of roadway or runway friction and at the same time, as a function thereof, operating a roadway gritting apparatus mounted on the vehicle.
PCT/NO1999/000378 1998-12-15 1999-12-14 Friction measurement device for a vehicle and utilization thereof WO2000036397A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU16998/00A AU1699800A (en) 1998-12-15 1999-12-14 Friction measurement device for a vehicle and utilization thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO985887A NO985887D0 (en) 1998-10-08 1998-12-15 Friction measuring device for a vehicle, as well as the use of the device
NO19985887 1998-12-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000036397A1 true WO2000036397A1 (en) 2000-06-22

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PCT/NO1999/000378 WO2000036397A1 (en) 1998-12-15 1999-12-14 Friction measurement device for a vehicle and utilization thereof

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WO (1) WO2000036397A1 (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004069561A2 (en) 2003-01-27 2004-08-19 Halliday Donald R Roadway friction tester and method
GB2419962A (en) * 2004-11-03 2006-05-10 Douglas Equipment Ltd Surface friction measuring device
RU2614836C1 (en) * 2015-10-06 2017-03-29 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Автодор-Инжиниринг" Automotive device for measuring adhere ratio to the road
EP3805731A1 (en) * 2019-10-08 2021-04-14 Moventor Oy Arrangement to be installed on a vehicle and to be used for activities on a road surface

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1648399B1 (en) * 1966-02-24 1970-09-03 Ct Ex De Rech S Et D Etudes Du Device for determining and measuring the glaette of a road surface or the like.
GB1207692A (en) * 1967-11-09 1970-10-07 Ml Aviation Co Ltd Measurement of the coefficient of friction between a vehicle wheel and a surface
DE1959734A1 (en) * 1969-11-28 1971-05-27 Fritz Reinecken Device for determining the friction conditions between an inclined wheel and a support surface, between which there is elastic adhesion
GB1532417A (en) * 1974-11-27 1978-11-15 Loennroth B Friction measurement
DE2947259A1 (en) * 1979-11-23 1981-05-27 Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Determining coefficient of friction of motor vehicle - using force measuring device on distance piece between wheels or skids

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1648399B1 (en) * 1966-02-24 1970-09-03 Ct Ex De Rech S Et D Etudes Du Device for determining and measuring the glaette of a road surface or the like.
GB1207692A (en) * 1967-11-09 1970-10-07 Ml Aviation Co Ltd Measurement of the coefficient of friction between a vehicle wheel and a surface
DE1959734A1 (en) * 1969-11-28 1971-05-27 Fritz Reinecken Device for determining the friction conditions between an inclined wheel and a support surface, between which there is elastic adhesion
GB1532417A (en) * 1974-11-27 1978-11-15 Loennroth B Friction measurement
DE2947259A1 (en) * 1979-11-23 1981-05-27 Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Determining coefficient of friction of motor vehicle - using force measuring device on distance piece between wheels or skids

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004069561A2 (en) 2003-01-27 2004-08-19 Halliday Donald R Roadway friction tester and method
EP1588137A2 (en) * 2003-01-27 2005-10-26 Donald R. Halliday Roadway friction tester and method
EP1588137A4 (en) * 2003-01-27 2010-07-21 Hal Tech Ltd Roadway friction tester and method
GB2419962A (en) * 2004-11-03 2006-05-10 Douglas Equipment Ltd Surface friction measuring device
WO2006048626A2 (en) 2004-11-03 2006-05-11 Douglas Equipment Ltd Surface friction measuring device
GB2419962B (en) * 2004-11-03 2010-04-14 Douglas Equipment Ltd Surface friction measuring device
RU2614836C1 (en) * 2015-10-06 2017-03-29 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Автодор-Инжиниринг" Automotive device for measuring adhere ratio to the road
EP3805731A1 (en) * 2019-10-08 2021-04-14 Moventor Oy Arrangement to be installed on a vehicle and to be used for activities on a road surface

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Publication number Publication date
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