WO2000032981A9 - Illuminator, illuminating device, front light, and liquid crystal display - Google Patents
Illuminator, illuminating device, front light, and liquid crystal displayInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000032981A9 WO2000032981A9 PCT/JP1999/006548 JP9906548W WO0032981A9 WO 2000032981 A9 WO2000032981 A9 WO 2000032981A9 JP 9906548 W JP9906548 W JP 9906548W WO 0032981 A9 WO0032981 A9 WO 0032981A9
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- light
- light guide
- linear
- incident
- planar
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
- G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
- G02B6/0028—Light guide, e.g. taper
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
- G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
- G02B6/0031—Reflecting element, sheet or layer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/0038—Linear indentations or grooves, e.g. arc-shaped grooves or meandering grooves, extending over the full length or width of the light guide
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/0045—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it by shaping at least a portion of the light guide
- G02B6/0046—Tapered light guide, e.g. wedge-shaped light guide
- G02B6/0048—Tapered light guide, e.g. wedge-shaped light guide with stepwise taper
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0066—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
- G02B6/0068—Arrangements of plural sources, e.g. multi-colour light sources
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133615—Edge-illuminating devices, i.e. illuminating from the side
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0056—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide for producing polarisation effects, e.g. by a surface with polarizing properties or by an additional polarizing elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0058—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide varying in density, size, shape or depth along the light guide
- G02B6/0061—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide varying in density, size, shape or depth along the light guide to provide homogeneous light output intensity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133616—Front illuminating devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/02—Function characteristic reflective
Definitions
- Lighting equipment lighting elements, front lights, and liquid crystal display devices
- the present invention relates to a thin, lightweight, low-power-consumption liquid crystal display device (for example, a reflective liquid crystal display device or a transmissive liquid crystal display device) used for image display of an information display system, a 0 A device, and the like;
- the present invention relates to a lighting device (for example, a front light backlight) and a lighting element used for the lighting device, which can efficiently illuminate without deteriorating the quality, and in particular, a thin and lightweight liquid crystal display device including the lighting device.
- the present invention also relates to a front light capable of efficiently illuminating without deteriorating features of low power consumption, and a liquid crystal display device using the front light.
- Liquid crystal display (Liquid Crystal Display) is different from other display devices such as CRT (Cathode Ray Tube), PDP (Plasma Display Panel), or EL (Electro Luminescence). Characters and images are displayed by adjusting and controlling the amount of transmitted light or the amount of reflected light emitted from the light source.
- CRT Cathode Ray Tube
- PDP Plasma Display Panel
- EL Electro Luminescence
- Such conventional liquid crystal display devices can be broadly classified into a transmission type liquid crystal display device and a reflection type liquid crystal display device.
- polarizing plates are arranged on the light incident side and the light emitting side, and the polarization state of linearly polarized light incident through the incident side polarizing plate is changed. Images are displayed by controlling the amount of light that is modulated by the liquid crystal layer and transmitted through the exit-side polarizing plate. Therefore, on the light-incident side of the transmission-type liquid crystal display device, a light-emitting source such as a fluorescent tube or EL, which is an illumination means called a backlight for illuminating the liquid crystal display device from behind (incident side), is arranged. It is common.
- a reflection type liquid crystal display device includes one polarizing plate and a reflecting plate, and linearly polarized light incident through the polarizing plate is reflected by the reflecting plate, and reaches the polarizing plate again.
- the amount of light emitted from the polarizing plate is controlled by modulating the polarization state of the linearly polarized light by the liquid crystal layer. Therefore, since it is possible to perform display using ambient light, there is no need for the above-described backlight, and the light-weight, thin-type, and low-power consumption characteristics can be realized. It is.
- a light emitting display or a transmissive liquid crystal display significantly reduces the visibility of an image
- the reflection type liquid crystal display device also has a feature that an image can be more clearly viewed.
- Such a reflective liquid crystal display device also has the following problems. That is, since the reflection type liquid crystal display device uses ambient light for display as described above, the degree of display luminance greatly depends on the surrounding environment, and it is necessary to sufficiently recognize the display in a dark environment such as at night. I can't do it. In particular, reflection using a color filter to colorize the image The above-mentioned problem is serious in a liquid crystal display device of a reflection type or a reflection type liquid crystal display device using a polarizing plate, and if sufficient ambient light cannot be obtained, an auxiliary lighting means is required.
- a fluorescent tube when used as the light source of the auxiliary lighting means, high-frequency power is required to emit the fluorescent tube.
- portable devices and the like in particular, have a DC power source such as a battery as a power source, so an inverter is required to convert DC power into AC power. For this reason, power consumption increases and a space for arranging a high-frequency power supply is required. It is difficult to reduce power consumption, weight, and compactness.
- the inverter can be omitted, which leads to lower power consumption, lighter weight, and smaller space. This is advantageous for achieving
- auxiliary lighting means for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei 10-260405 (publication date: September 29, 1998) United States patents such as "Licensed Patent Nos. 5, 506, 929 (Ping-Kaung Tai and lioTechnologies Inc.) [Launch date: April 9, 1996]" Lighting systems can be used. These disclose a means for efficiently converting a point light source to a linear light emission state, and an illumination system combining the conversion means and a light guide.
- Patent No. 5,608,550 (issued March 4, 1997) has a linear light emission with a good distribution of light from a point light source.
- an auxiliary lighting system that converts the light in a linear light emitting state into a planar light emitting state by inclining the converted light in a linear light emitting state onto a surface of a planar light guide.
- Such a lighting system can provide an inexpensive auxiliary lighting system because the number of light sources can be reduced as compared to a case where a plurality of point light sources are arranged on the end face of the light guide.
- it can be inferred that there is an advantage that the brightness difference that occurs when a plurality of point light sources are arranged on the end face of the light guide can be reduced.
- the conditions required for the lighting system for the liquid crystal display device are as follows.
- a liquid crystal display device since display is performed by illuminating the liquid crystal display element, it is preferable to uniformly and brightly illuminate a pixel region (display screen) formed in the liquid crystal display element without unevenness.
- a pixel region display screen
- the light converted to the linear light emission state has the smallest possible luminance unevenness in the linear direction in the light emission state, and the light from the point light source is efficiently used. It is required that the emitted light be bright when used.
- the auxiliary lighting means when used as a front light, it is necessary to convert the linear light emission state to the planar light emission state.
- the converted light of the planar light emission does not adversely affect the display quality, for example, formed on a planar light guide for converting a linear light emitting state to a planar light emitting state.
- Moiré fringes generated by interference between the structure and the pixels formed on the liquid crystal display element have a significant adverse effect on the display quality, and therefore it is necessary to prevent the occurrence thereof.
- the point light is emitted from the linear light guide for converting the point light into a linear light emission state, taking into account the arrangement relationship between the liquid crystal display element and the planar light guide.
- the light is suitable for a planar light guide. It is important to efficiently convert the point-like light into a linear light-emitting state and a planar light-emitting state with good distribution.
- FIG. 42 (a) shows an example of the lighting system described in the above US Patent “Patent No. 5,506,929”.
- this lighting system has a point light source 210
- a light guide 2 102 is arranged in the vicinity of 1, and this light guide 2 102 emits linearly incident light whose angle is limited by the propagation section 2 102 b.
- the light is converted into a light state and emitted from the emission surface 210c, thereby leading to the light guide 2104.
- the incident light is converted by the light guide 2104 into a planar light emitting state, so that it is possible to illuminate a reflective display device (not shown).
- the length of the emission end face 210 c of the light guide 210 and the effective emission length of the input end face 210 a of the light guide 210 are different. Since they are arranged almost equally, when the display screen is observed, light does not sufficiently enter the corner of the incident end face of the light guide 2104, as shown in Fig. 42 (b). There is a problem that an unnatural shadow 2103 is generated and the display quality is degraded due to the generation of the shadow.
- the periodic structure 2104 f formed on the light guide 2104 and the repetition direction (not shown) of the pixels formed on the reflective liquid crystal display device are different from each other.
- moire fringes occur due to interference with each other, and the generation of the moire fringes significantly lowers the display quality.
- a point-like light source when a plurality of point-like light sources are arranged to improve brightness, for example, when a point-like light source is arranged at both ends of a linear light guide, a point-like light source is used. Is converted to a non-uniform linear emission state.
- a linear light emission state with a good distribution can be obtained. It is expected that the parts will become larger, and portability will be impaired and costs will increase.
- none of the above publications and the like discloses a sufficient study on the light use efficiency of the linear light guide. Therefore, the light loss in the linear light guide is large, and the light use efficiency of the entire lighting system is reduced. Specifically, according to the techniques disclosed in the above publications, a sufficiently large reflecting surface for conversion to a linear light emitting state is formed while maintaining uniformity of light distribution in the linear light emitting state. Is difficult to do. Therefore, the amount of light emitted from the linear light guide in an appropriate direction is small, and the amount of light contributing to planar light emission in the planar light guide is reduced, resulting in a decrease in light use efficiency.
- a lighting device and a liquid crystal display device that can realize bright, low-cost, and low-power consumption without the occurrence of a shadow or moire fringe from a light source, a difference in brightness, and the like. Is required. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has as its object to improve the display quality of an image display device requiring a light source. More specifically, the light from the light source is maintained while maintaining low power consumption and a small space, and preventing the occurrence of moire fringes that adversely affect the image quality when combined with the display element. Lighting devices that can illuminate display elements with uniform and bright light by converting light into a linear and planar light-emitting state with good distribution and efficiency (for example, front lights and backlights). Etc.) and lighting elements used therefor. Further, the present invention provides a liquid crystal display device (for example, a reflective liquid crystal display device or a transmission liquid crystal display device) using the same.
- a liquid crystal display device for example, a reflective liquid crystal display device or a transmission liquid crystal display device
- a lighting device is directed to a lighting device for illuminating pixels of an image display element with emitted light, wherein a linear light guide for converting light from a light source into a linear light emitting state.
- a light body; and a planar light guide formed with a periodic structure for converting light from the linear light guide into a planar light emitting state and emitting the light, and the light from the linear light guide is provided.
- the first emission direction is a direction in which light travels in the planar light guide in a direction perpendicular to the periodic direction.
- the linear light guide that converts light from a light source unit such as a point light source into a linear light emission state is based on the normal direction of the emission surface of the linear light guide. It shows a peak value of luminance in a first emission direction on the side perpendicular to the periodic direction.
- the first exit direction is The light emitted in the direction is set to travel in a direction perpendicular to the periodic direction in the planar light guide.
- planar light guide in the planar light guide, light incident on the periodic structure at an angle closer to the vertical direction can be efficiently converted to a planar light emitting state. Then, since the light is efficiently converted to the planar light emitting state, the image display element is effectively illuminated, and a bright image can be displayed.
- the image display device can be efficiently illuminated with bright light.
- the lighting device of the present invention is further configured such that a periodic direction of the periodic structure is inclined with respect to a repetition direction of the pixel.
- the periodic structure formed in the planar light guide for converting the light in the linear light emission state to the planar light emission state corresponds to the repetition direction of the pixels of the image display element to be irradiated by the illumination device. It is arranged at an angle. For this reason, it is possible to prevent generation of moire fringes caused by interference between the periodic structure and the pixel. As a result, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of moire fringes in the image display device and to improve the image quality of the displayed image.
- the light from the linear light guide may exhibit a peak value of luminance in a second emission direction different from the first emission direction. Desirable.
- the first emission direction and the second emission direction are symmetric with respect to the normal direction of the emission surface of the linear light guide.
- the light emitted in the first emission direction and propagated through the planar light guide irradiates the area other than the area directly irradiated with light, and is emitted in the second emission direction and propagates through the planar light guide.
- Light can be used for auxiliary irradiation. This makes it possible to make the luminance distribution of the light emitted from the planar light guide in a planar light emitting state more uniform.
- first emission direction and the second emission direction are set to be symmetric, light emitted in the second emission direction and reflected on the side surface of the planar light guide, The light propagates through the planar light guide in substantially the same direction as the light emitted in the first emission direction, and is efficiently converted to the planar light emitting state in the same manner as described above.
- the illumination device of the present invention further includes a luminance distribution of light emitted from the linear light guide in the first emission direction in the linear direction of the linear light guide, wherein the brightness distribution has a maximum brightness. It is desirable that the ratio between the value and the minimum value is 3 or less.
- the luminance distribution in the linear direction of the linear light guide of the light emitted from the linear light guide in the second emission direction is a ratio of the maximum value and the minimum value of the luminance. It is desirable that the value be 3 or less.
- an angle formed by a periodic direction of the periodic structure formed in the planar light guide with respect to a repetition direction of the pixel is from 10 ° to ⁇ 80 °. It is desirable.
- the effect of preventing the occurrence of moire fringes is particularly effective, and the image quality of a display image can be further improved.
- a propagation portion and a reflection portion are repeatedly formed on the surface of the linear light guide opposite to the emission surface.
- the linear light guide includes a light emission surface and a surface facing the light emission surface. Then, by forming the propagation portion and the reflection portion alternately and repeatedly on the surface facing the emission surface, incident light emitted from a light source (for example, a point light source) is reflected by a plurality of reflection portions. The light can be reflected, converted to a linear light emission state and emitted, and light can be effectively incident on the planar light guide.
- a light source for example, a point light source
- the propagation section allows the incident light emitted from the light source to be efficiently propagated in the linear direction of the linear light guide, so that the light use efficiency is increased and the luminance of the linear light emission state is made uniform. Can be.
- a diffuse reflection sheet be disposed around the linear light guide in the lighting device of the present invention.
- the diffuse reflection sheet is arranged around the linear light guide, so that the leakage light emitted from other than the exit surface formed on the linear light guide is diffusely reflected.
- the lighting device of the present invention further includes a light source unit that causes light to enter the linear light guide, and an optical matching unit is disposed between the light source unit and the linear light guide. It is desirable that
- the light source unit for example, a point light source
- the linear light guide is interposed via an air layer.
- the optical matching means in the lighting device of the present invention is an adhesive resin having a refractive index n of 1.4 or more and 1.7 or less.
- the above-described optical matching is performed with a refractive index n of 1.4 or more.
- an adhesive resin of 1.7 or less By using an adhesive resin of 1.7 or less, it is possible to provide an optical matching means that is inexpensive, has excellent productivity, and can guide a sufficient amount of emitted light from the light source to the linear light guide. it can.
- the linear light guide in the lighting device of the present invention is formed so that the thickness t 2 of the exit surface is substantially equal to the thickness t 1 of the incident surface of the planar light guide. It is desirable that the angle 5 between the side end face of the linear light guide and the normal direction of the emission surface satisfies the range of 0.0 ° to ⁇ 5 ⁇ 20 °.
- the thickness t 2 of the exit surface of the linear light guide is substantially equal to the thickness t 1 of the incident surface of the planar light guide, and the side end surface of the linear light guide is formed.
- the light source unit (for example, a point-like light source) emits light by performing a taper process on the angle 0 5 between the angle
- the incident light can be effectively incident on the linear light guide, and the incident light can be efficiently incident on the incident surface of the planar light guide, so that a bright illumination device can be provided.
- it is desirable that the cutout when the linear light guide is cut along a plane perpendicular to the emission surface has a tapered shape that expands from the emission surface to the surface facing the emission surface.
- an angle formed by a side surface forming a taper shape with a normal direction of an emission surface of the linear light guide may be larger than 0 ° and equal to or smaller than 20 °. Desirable.
- the illumination device may further include, on the incident surface of the linear light guide, light from the light source unit (for example, a point light source) formed on the linear light guide. It is desirable that a reflecting surface reflecting in the direction of the structure be formed.
- the light source unit for example, a point light source
- the incident light from the light source unit (for example, a point light source) is applied to the incident surface of the linear light guide in the direction of the periodic structure (peripheral direction) formed on the linear light guide.
- a reflecting surface for reflection a plurality of point-like light emitting sources can be arranged, and a brighter lighting device can be provided.
- the lighting device of the present invention further comprises: when the length of the incident surface in the planar light guide is L 1 and the length of the exit surface in the linear light guide is L 2, 0 mm ⁇ It is desirable to satisfy the range of (L 2 — L 1) ⁇ 10 mm.
- L 1 when the length of the incident surface of the planar light guide is L 1, and the length of the exit surface of the linear light guide is L 2, O mm (L 2 ⁇ L 1 ) ⁇ 10 mm, light can be effectively incident on the corners of the plane light guide entrance surface, and the shadow from the corners of the light guide is prevented.
- a high-quality lighting device can be realized without impairing portability.
- the lighting device of the present invention may further include: an angle between a periodic direction of the periodic structure formed in the planar light guide and a repetition direction of the pixel is 0; When the length is L1, the length of the exit surface of the linear light guide is L2, and the distance between the human-lit surface of the planar light guide and the exit surface of the linear light guide is g. Gxtan 0 ⁇ (L 2-L 1) ⁇ 10 mm
- the angle formed by the periodic direction of the periodic structure formed in the planar light guide with respect to the repetition direction of the pixel is 0, and the length of the incident surface in the planar light guide is L1, the length of the exit surface of the linear light guide is L2, and the distance between the entrance surface of the planar light guide and the exit surface of the linear light guide is g, gxtan S
- the range of ⁇ (L 2-L 1) ⁇ 10 mm light can be effectively incident on the corner of the incident surface, and display is performed while preventing the shadow from the corner of the light guide. It is possible to realize a lighting device that contributes to quality improvement.
- the angle between the periodic direction of the periodic structure formed in the planar light guide and the repetition direction of the pixel is 0, and the refractive index of the planar light guide is n.
- the periodic structure (the transmission part and the reflection part) formed in the light guide can effectively illuminate the light, and a brighter illumination device can be realized.
- the lighting device of the present invention further includes an angle 0 between the periodic direction of the periodic structure formed on the planar light guide and the incident surface of the planar light guide, and
- the refractive index is ⁇
- a lighting device of the present invention includes a light source unit, and an incident surface on which light from the light source unit is incident, and emits light in a linear light emitting state incident on the incident surface.
- a lighting device comprising a planar light guide for converting to a planar light-emitting state, at least a part thereof faces the light source section, and at least a part thereof faces the incident surface of the planar light guide.
- a planar conversion means for converting the light from the light source unit into a linear light emission state.
- the planar conversion means facing at least a part of the light source unit and the incident surface of the planar light guide, and the planar light guide is formed. It is incident on a light body. Then, the light incident on the planar light guide is converted into a planar light emitting state by the planar light guide.
- the light source section is disposed so as to face the planar conversion means, when the light source section uses, for example, a point light source, the device becomes larger and the structure becomes complicated. The number of light sources can be increased while avoiding.
- planar conversion means for example, a diffuse reflection sheet or a reflection plate can be used as the planar conversion means.
- the light source unit may include at least one or more point light sources, and the conversion unit may include a diffuser disposed near the point light sources. It is desirable that it is a means.
- the light source unit includes at least one or more point-like light sources, and the light from the point-like light source is diffused by a diffusing unit disposed near the point-like light source.
- the light is converted into a linear light emission state in the process of entering the incident surface of the planar light guide, whereby the number of constituent parts can be reduced, and an inexpensive lighting device can be provided.
- the incident light from the point light source is diffused, it is possible to realize a lighting device with a small difference in brightness.
- the at least one or more point-like light-emitting sources may be arranged on a lower surface of a human-lit surface formed on the planar light guide, and A distance L between the point-like light emitting source and the diffusing unit and a thickness te of a projection surface of the planar light guide are 0 ⁇ ( It is desirable to satisfy the range of L-te) ⁇ 1 O mm.
- the at least one or more point-like light emitting sources are arranged on a lower surface of an incident surface formed in the planar light guide, and a distance L between the light source and the diffusing unit and a surface are provided. Thickness of the incident surface of the light guide te Force 0 ⁇ (L-te) ⁇ 10 mm satisfies the range, so that the incident light from the point light source has little change in light quantity without impairing portability It can be diffused in a state, and it is possible to realize a bright lighting device with a small difference in brightness.
- the at least one or more point-like light-emitting sources are arranged on a lower surface of a human-lit surface formed on the planar light guide, and
- the direction in which light is emitted is set to a direction from the inside of the planar light guide to the outside in the normal direction of the incident surface of the planar light guide, and the point-like light source and the diffusion It is desirable that the distance L 'from the means satisfies the range of Q ⁇ L' ⁇ 10 mm.
- the at least one or more point light sources are arranged on the lower surface of the incident surface formed in the planar light guide, and the direction in which light is emitted from the point light sources is
- the distance L ′ between the light source and the diffusing means is set to be in a direction from the inside to the outside of the entrance surface of the planar light guide, and by satisfying a range of 0 L ′ ⁇ 10 mm,
- the incident light from the point light source can be diffused with little change in the amount of light without deteriorating the portability, and it is possible to realize a bright lighting device with a small difference in brightness.
- the light source unit is constituted by at least one or more point-like light emitting sources, and the point-like light emitting sources are provided in the planar light guide. It is preferable that the conversion unit is disposed on a surface facing the entrance surface, and the conversion unit is a diffusion unit disposed on the entrance surface of the planar light guide.
- the at least one or more point light emitting sources are arranged on a surface facing an incident surface of the planar light guide, and the diffusing unit is configured to detect the incidence of the planar light guide.
- the light source unit may include at least one or more point-like light emitting sources, and the point-like light emitting sources may be in contact with a human-lit surface of the planar light guide. It is preferable that the conversion means is disposed on an opposing surface, and the conversion means is a reflection means disposed on an incident surface of the planar light guide.
- the at least one or more point-like light emitting sources are arranged on a surface facing the incident surface of the planar light guide, and a reflection unit is provided on the incident surface of the planar light guide. Is formed, light from a plurality of point-like light-emitting sources can be efficiently spread on the plane light guide incident surface, and a bright illumination device with a small difference in brightness between light and dark can be realized. .
- the lighting device is et to the present invention, least one or more point-like light emitting source also constitute the light source unit, correct desired that are formed by the LED elements (in the above structure, the light source unit Since at least one or more point-like light sources constituting the LED are formed of LED elements, it is possible to realize an inexpensive and highly portable lighting device.
- a lighting device includes a light source unit, two opposite incident surfaces on which light from the light source unit is incident, and a state in which the incident light is in a planar light emitting state.
- the light source unit comprises an LED array, wherein the LED array is a first LED array disposed on one of the surface of the planar light guide and the other of the planar light guide. It is preferable that the first LED array and the second LED array are alternately turned on, in addition to the second LED array arranged on the light incident surface.
- a plurality of point light emitting sources are configured by an LED array, a first LED array is provided on one incident surface of the planar light guide, and a second LED array is provided on the planar light guide.
- the first LED array and the second LED array are alternately turned on and off, and the light emission state is interpolated with each other to provide a linear light emission state with an improved difference between bright and dark lines. can do.
- the frequency at which the first LED array and the second LED array are alternately turned on is repeatedly emitted within a range of 60 Hz ⁇ f 10 kHz. It is desirable.
- the first LED array and the second LED array are alternately lit, and the frequency is f, and light is repeatedly emitted within the range of 60 Hz ⁇ f ⁇ 10 kHz.
- a liquid crystal display device of the present invention displays an image by controlling the light emitted from the emission surface of the planar light guide for each pixel, and the above-described illumination device of the present invention.
- a liquid crystal display element is provided, whereby the above object is achieved.
- the brightness is high, the brightness difference is small, and the display quality is low. It is possible to realize a liquid crystal display device with high performance.
- a liquid crystal display device of the present invention comprises: a light source unit; a plane light guide including an incident surface on which light from the light source unit enters and an exit surface from which the incident light exits. Wherein the light from the light source unit is at least linearly illuminated when exposed to the human projection surface provided in the planar light guide; and
- a liquid crystal display device comprising: a reflection type liquid crystal display element for displaying an image by controlling light emitted from an emission surface of the light guide for each pixel; On the surface, a periodic structure in which a propagation portion and a reflection portion are repeatedly formed is formed.- The periodic direction of the periodic structure formed on the opposite surface of the planar light guide is determined by the reflection type liquid crystal display element. It has an angle of 10 ° to 80 ° from the repetition direction of the pixel formed at Is a configuration that is formed on.
- a periodic structure in which a transmission unit and a reflection unit are repeatedly formed is formed on the facing surface facing the emission surface of the planar light guide, and the planar light guide is formed.
- the periodic direction of the periodic structure formed on the opposing surface of the body is formed so as to have an angle 0 of 10 ° to 80 ° from the repetition direction of the pixels formed in the reflective liquid crystal display element.
- a lighting element of the present invention has a columnar shape including an incident surface on which light from a light source unit enters, and an exit surface on which the incident light exits.
- the incident surface is provided on a longitudinal end surface of the linear light guide, and the emission surface is provided in a longitudinal direction of the linear light guide.
- I cuts (I is an integer of 2 or more) that reflect the incident light are arranged at a constant pitch in the longitudinal direction on the surface of the linear light guide that faces the emission surface.
- the average value of the differences defined by the above-mentioned I cut portions is larger than Q.
- a lighting element provides a columnar linear light guide including a human-lit surface on which light from a light source unit enters, and an exit surface from which the incident light exits.
- the incident surface is provided on an end face in the longitudinal direction of the linear light guide, and the emission surface is provided in the longitudinal direction of the linear light guide, and the light is incident.
- I is an integer of 2 or more
- notches for reflecting light are provided in the longitudinal direction on the surface of the linear light guide opposite to the emission surface, and the incident surface is provided.
- the average value of the slope defined by the above at the I cut portions is larger than 0.
- the columnar linear light guide has an incident surface on at least one end surface in the longitudinal direction, and has an exit surface in the longitudinal direction. Also, on the emission surface Notches for reflecting the incident light are provided on the opposing surfaces so as to be arranged in the longitudinal direction.
- the cut width or cut depth of the cut portion is set so as to increase on the average as the distance from the incident surface increases.
- the above configuration is different from a wedge-shaped linear light guide or the like, and can form a linear light guide having a constant width in the longitudinal direction. Can be easily propagated in the longitudinal direction. Therefore, it is possible to further improve the light use efficiency and the uniformity of the emission luminance.
- an average value of the inclination at the I cut portions is not less than 0.0001 and not more than 0.05.
- the luminance distribution (the ratio of the maximum value and the minimum value of the luminance of the emitted light) of the emitted light from the linear light guide can be set within a range of 1 to 3, and It is possible to realize a linear light emission state required for light incident on the light guide.
- the value of the inclination is constant at the I cut portions.
- the depth of the cut portion is formed continuously with a constant inclination, so that the luminance distribution of the emitted light can be made more uniform.
- the lighting element of the present invention further includes, on a surface facing the emission surface of the linear light guide, a sum of a longitudinal width of the cut portion and a flat portion sandwiched between the cut portions. It is preferable that the ratio of the total width in the longitudinal direction of the cut portion to the sum of the total width in the longitudinal direction is 5% or more and 80% or less.
- the ratio of the total width of the cut portion to the sum of the total width of the cut portion and the total width of the flat portion is set to 5% or more. For this reason, the ratio occupied by the cuts can be sufficiently ensured. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently convert the incident light from the light source to a linear light emitting state, and to improve the light use efficiency.
- the ratio of the total width of the cut portion to the sum of the total width of the cut portion and the total width of the flat portion is set to 80% or less.
- the ratio can also be secured. Therefore, the incident light from the light source can be more efficiently guided in the longitudinal direction of the linear light guide. This makes it possible to uniformly convert incident light from the light source unit into a linear light emitting state.
- the illumination element of the present invention further includes a width in a longitudinal direction of the cut portion on a surface of the linear light guide opposite to the emission surface, and is adjacent to one of the cut portion and the cut portion. It is desirable that the sum of the width in the longitudinal direction of the flat portion sandwiched between the cut portions is not less than 0.05 mm and not more than 2 mm. In the above configuration, the sum of the width of the cut portion and the width of the flat portion adjacent to one of the cut portions is set to 2 mm or less. For this reason, the continuity of a bright part (bright part) can be ensured on the exit surface of the linear light guide, and the brightness of the light on the exit surface can be prevented. Therefore, with the above configuration, a more uniform linear light emitting state can be formed.
- the sum of the width of the cut portion and the width of the flat portion adjacent to one of the cut portions is set to 0.05 mm or more, so that the linear light guide can be manufactured. This makes it possible to prevent the formation of the cut portion from becoming difficult.
- the lighting element of the present invention further includes a second light incident surface provided on an end surface of the linear light guide that faces the light projecting surface, and reflects J light (J is (An integer of 2 or more) cutouts are provided in the longitudinal direction on the surface of the linear light guide facing the emission surface, and the jth (from the second incidence surface side) is provided.
- J is (An integer of 2 or more) cutouts are provided in the longitudinal direction on the surface of the linear light guide facing the emission surface, and the jth (from the second incidence surface side) is provided.
- j is an integer from 1 to J)
- X j is the distance from the incident surface and dj is the depth of cut
- the average value of the slope defined by in the J cuts is greater than 0 It is desirable that the value be as high as possible.
- the incident surfaces are provided on both end surfaces in the longitudinal direction of the linear light guide, and the cutout provided on the surface facing the emission surface becomes deeper on average as the distance from each incident surface increases It is set as follows. That is, the above configuration includes a case where the inclination is formed so as to be symmetrical with respect to the center of the linear light guide.
- the lighting element of the present invention in order to achieve the above object, in a lighting element including a columnar linear light guide including an incident surface on which light from a light source unit radiates light and an exit surface from which the incident light exits, the incident surface includes a linear light guide.
- the linear light guide is provided on an end face in a longitudinal direction, the emission surface is provided in a longitudinal direction of the linear light guide, and a plurality of cutouts for reflecting light emitted by humans are provided on the linear light guide.
- the cut portions are V-shaped grooves formed of two planes.
- Each plane in the plurality of cut portions is Formed at two or more different angles from each other with respect to the emission surface A configuration that is.
- the light incident through the plurality of cutouts arranged in the longitudinal direction is linearly incident on the surface facing the exit surface. It can be converted to a light emitting state.
- the plurality of cut portions are V-shaped grooves formed of two planes, and the angles formed by each of the planes and the emission surface are set to two or more different angles. Light from the light source can be reflected in different directions. Therefore, it is possible to set so that the light in a linear light emission state emitted from the present lighting element shows a peak value in a plurality of emission directions.
- the present lighting element to irradiate a planar light guide or the like formed asymmetrically with respect to the incident surface in order to prevent, for example, the occurrence of moire fringes, the light use efficiency is higher, It is possible to obtain light in a more uniform planar light emitting state. As a result, it is possible to provide an image display device that is bright and has a uniform luminance distribution of a display image.
- the cut portion is a V-shaped groove formed of two planes, and an angle formed by each of the planes with respect to the emission surface is 30. As described above, it is desirable that the angle be 60 ° or less.
- the incident light is reflected by a plane forming an angle of 30 ° or more and 60 ° or less with respect to the emission surface and is converted into a linear light emission state, whereby the normal direction of the emission surface is obtained.
- a linear light emitting state having a peak emission luminance in the direction of 0 ° to 45 ° can be formed. Therefore, when the present illumination element is used to irradiate, for example, a planar light guide having a periodic structure formed to be inclined with respect to the incident surface, it is necessary to cope with various inclination angles of the periodic structure. Can be.
- a diffusing unit is disposed around the linear light guide.
- the diffusing means since the diffusing means is disposed around the linear light guide, the diffused means diffusely reflects the leaked light emitted from other than the exit surface formed on the linear light guide. As a result, the light use efficiency can be further improved.
- FIG. 1 is a drawing showing a configuration of a reflection type liquid crystal display device including the front plate and the reflection type liquid crystal display element used in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b) are diagrams illustrating the display operation principle of the reflective liquid crystal display element used in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b) are drawings showing a pixel arrangement pattern of the reflective liquid crystal display element used in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b) are drawings showing the configuration of the front light used in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- 5 (a) and 5 (b) are drawings showing the shape and arrangement of the linear light guide used in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a drawing showing a measurement of a light emitting state from the linear light guide used in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a drawing showing a light emitting state with respect to an angle of outgoing light at the center of the outgoing surface of the linear light guide used in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a front light linear light guide used in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- 5 is a view showing a light emitting state from the light source.
- FIG. 9 is a drawing showing the positional relationship between the linear light guide and the light guide used in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a drawing showing a configuration of a reflection type liquid crystal display device including the front plate and the reflection type liquid crystal display element used in the second embodiment of the present invention.
- 6 is a drawing showing a configuration of a front light used in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a drawing showing a positional relationship between a linear light guide and a light guide used in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a view showing a light emitting state from the linear light guide of the front light used in the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a drawing showing a light emitting state with respect to an angle of the outgoing light at the center of the outgoing surface of the linear light guide used in the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a drawing showing a positional relationship between a linear light guide and a light guide used in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a drawing showing a configuration of a reflective liquid crystal display device including the front plate and the reflective liquid crystal display element used in the third embodiment of the present invention.
- ) Is a drawing showing the structure of the front light used in the third embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 17 (b) is a diagram showing the configuration of the LED array used in the third embodiment of the present invention. It is a drawing showing an arrangement relation with a light body.
- FIG. 18 is a drawing showing an arrangement cross section of the LED array and the light guide used in the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a drawing showing the relationship between the arrangement distance between the point light emitting source and the diffuse reflection sheet used in Embodiment 3 of the present invention and the brightness after panel reflection.
- FIGS. 20 (a) and 20 (b) are drawings showing a configuration in which the three point light emitting sources used in the third embodiment are directly arranged on the incident surface of the light guide.
- FIG. 21 is a drawing showing another configuration of the reflection type liquid crystal display device including the front plate and the reflection type liquid crystal display element used in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the shape, arrangement position, and light emitting state of the front light used in the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a drawing showing the relationship between the arrangement distance between the point-like light source and the diffuse reflection sheet used in Embodiment 3 of the present invention and the brightness after panel reflection.
- FIG. 24 is a drawing showing a configuration of a reflection type liquid crystal display device including the front light and the reflection type liquid crystal display element used in Embodiment 4 of the present invention ( FIG. 25 (a). ) Is a drawing showing a configuration of the front light used in the fourth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 25 (b) is a diagram illustrating the LED array and the light guide used in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 24 is a drawing showing a configuration of a reflection type liquid crystal display device including the front light and the reflection type liquid crystal display element used in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 25 (a) Is a drawing showing a configuration of the front light used in the fourth embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 25 (b) is a diagram illustrating the LED array and the light guide used in the fourth embodiment of
- FIG. 26 (a) is a drawing showing another configuration of the front light used in the fourth embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 26 (b) is a diagram showing the LED used in the fourth embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows another arrangement relationship of an array and a light guide.
- FIG. 27 is a drawing showing a configuration of a reflection type liquid crystal display element and a font plate used in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 28 is a drawing showing the configuration of the front light used in the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 29 (a) is a plan view showing a front light guide for a front light used in the fifth embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 29 (b) is used in the fifth embodiment of the present invention. It is a side view which shows the light guide for front lights.
- FIG. 30 is an explanatory diagram of the refractive index of the resin used in Embodiment 5 of the present invention and the amount of light emitted from the linear light guide.
- FIG. 31 (a) is a side view showing a linear light guide used in the fifth embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 31 (b) is a line light guide used in the fifth embodiment of the present invention
- 5 is a drawing showing details of a propagation portion and a reflection portion of the light guide.
- FIG. 32 is a drawing showing a light emitting state from the linear light guide used in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 33 is a drawing showing a configuration of a reflection type liquid crystal display element and a font light used in Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- FIG. 34 is a drawing showing the configuration of the front light used in the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 35 (a) is a perspective view of a linear light guide used in the sixth embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 35 (b) is a front light plate used in the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 36 (a) is a front view of the linear light guide used in the sixth embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 36 (b) is a linear light guide used in the sixth embodiment of the present invention. It is a side view of an optical body.
- FIG. 37 is a drawing showing a configuration of a reflection type liquid crystal display element and a font plate used in Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- FIG. 38 (a) is a drawing showing the configuration of the front light used in the seventh embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 38 (b) is a diagram showing the configuration of the front light used in the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- 5 is a drawing showing details of a propagation section and a reflection section of the light guide.
- FIG. 39 (a) is a plan view showing the arrangement of the light guide and the light source used in the seventh embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 39 (b) is a plan view showing the arrangement of the seventh embodiment of the present invention
- Use FIG. 39 (c) is a view showing the wiring of the light source according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a drawing showing an input signal to a light source used in FIG.
- FIG. 40 is a drawing showing the measurement of the state of light emission from the light guide.
- FIG. 41 is a diagram showing a light emitting state from the linear light guide of the front light.
- FIG. 42 (a) is a drawing showing a conventional lighting system
- FIG. 42 (b) is a drawing showing the shadow generation in the lighting system according to the prior art
- 9 is a drawing showing a reflection type liquid crystal display device including the front light and reflection type liquid crystal display elements used in FIG.
- FIG. 44 (a) is a perspective view of a front light portion of the reflection type liquid crystal display device of FIG. 43, and FIG. 44 (b) is a front light guide. It is a partially enlarged view of FIG.
- FIGS. 45 (a), 45 (b) and 45 (c) are a plan view, a front view and a side view, respectively, showing the structure of the linear light guide, and FIG. 45 (d) is FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a prism-shaped portion of the linear light guide.
- FIG. 46 is a plan view of the linear light guide.
- FIG. 47 is a graph showing a change in the luminance distribution with respect to the inclination of the prism height.
- FIG. 48 is a graph showing the change in light use efficiency with respect to the prism occupancy.
- FIG. 49 is a schematic diagram showing the state of propagation of light in the linear light guide ( FIGS. 50 (a) to 50 (d) show the unit width and the emission surface of the linear light guide). It is a conceptual diagram showing the relationship with the light distribution in FIG.
- Figure 51 (a) and Figure 51 (b) show how the prism height is tilted.
- FIG. 52 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the reflective liquid crystal display device according to the ninth embodiment.
- FIG. 53 (a) is a perspective view of the front light portion of the reflection type liquid crystal display device of FIG. 52
- FIG. 53 (b) is an enlarged view of the light guide portion of the front light.
- FIGS. 54 (a), 54 (b) and 54 (c) are a plan view, a front view and a side view, respectively, showing the structure of the linear light guide
- FIG. 54 (d) is
- FIG. 54 (e) is an enlarged view of a prism-shaped portion of the linear light guide, and is a schematic diagram illustrating a state in which light is reflected at a reflecting portion.
- FIG. 55 is a perspective view showing a configuration of the reflective liquid crystal display device in the tenth embodiment.
- FIG. 56 (a) is a perspective view of a front light portion in the reflection type liquid crystal display device of FIG. 55
- FIG. 56 (b) is a front light guide of the light guide. It is an enlarged view of a part.
- FIGS. 57 (a), 57 (b) and 57 (c) are a plan view, a front view and a side view, respectively, showing the structure of the linear light guide, and FIG. 57 (d) is It is an enlarged view of the prism-shaped part of a linear light guide.
- FIG. 58 is a plan view of the front light when viewed from the facing surface side.
- FIG. 59 is a graph showing the luminance distribution of the linear light guide with respect to the emission direction for each prism angle.
- FIG. 60 (a) and FIG. 60 (b) are cross-sectional views showing a detailed configuration of the reflection type liquid crystal display device used in each embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows an illumination device (illumination means, hereinafter referred to as front light) 100 and a reflective liquid crystal display element (image display element) 105 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a drawing showing the configuration of the configured reflective liquid crystal display device.
- the reflective liquid crystal display device has a point light source (light source unit) 101, a linear light guide (lighting element) as shown in FIG.
- a front light 100 composed of 102, a diffuse reflection sheet (diffusion means) 103, and a light guide (planar light guide, surface light guide) 104;
- a reflective liquid crystal display device 105 comprising a polarizing plate 106, a liquid crystal layer 108 sandwiched between a glass substrate 107 a and a glass substrate 107 b, and a reflective plate 109. It is composed of
- the point light source 101 is disposed at an end of the linear light guide 102, and the point light emitted from the point light source 101 is linear.
- the light is converted into light in a linear light-emitting state by directing the light into the light guide 102.
- the linear light guide 102 is disposed on one side surface of the light guide 104, and the light converted into a linear light-emitting state by the linear light guide 102 further guides the light. By being incident on the body 104, it is converted into light in a planar light emitting state.
- the diffuse reflection sheet (for example, silver reflection sheet) 103 is disposed around the linear light guide 102 (excluding the side surface on the light guide 104 side), and It is intended to improve the light use efficiency by returning the light leaking from the light guide 102 to a portion other than the light guide 104 to the linear light guide 102 by reflecting the light.
- a color filter and a counter electrode (not shown) are formed, and on the glass substrate (TFT glass substrate) 107b, a thin film transistor ( (TFT) elements and pixel electrodes (not shown) are formed.
- TFT thin film transistor
- a liquid crystal layer 108 and a reflector 109 are sandwiched between the glass substrate 107 a and the glass substrate 107 b. These are arranged in this order from the light guide 104 side in the order of the polarizing plate 106, the glass substrate 107a, the liquid crystal layer 108, the reflecting plate 109, and the glass substrate 107b. ing.
- FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b) are diagrams illustrating the operation principle of the reflective liquid crystal display element used in the present embodiment.
- the dashed-dotted lines with arrows in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b) indicate the light and the polarization direction of the light in each layer, the straight line in each layer represents linearly polarized light, and the ellipse represents elliptically polarized light.
- the polarizing plate 106 is composed of a polarizing layer 106a; and an IZ 4 plate 106b. a and; In the process of the illumination light 50 passing through the IZ 4 plate 106 b being reflected by the reflection plate 109, the polarization state of this illumination light 50 is modulated by the liquid crystal layer 108. As a result, the amount of light reflected by the reflective liquid crystal display element 105 is controlled to display an image.
- the transmission axis or absorption axis of the polarizing layer 106a is
- the direction of rotation of the circularly polarized light is reversed when the light is reflected by the reflector 109, and after passing through the ⁇ ⁇ 4 plate 106 b again, the transmission axis of the polarizing layer 106 a is It is absorbed as orthogonal linearly polarized light (reflected light 51), and black color is displayed.
- the liquid crystal layer 108 of the reflective liquid crystal display element 105 is modulated so that the incident circularly polarized light is reflected while being preserved, the light is transmitted through the plate 74 613 and then the polarizing layer is formed. The light is emitted as linearly polarized light (reflected light 51) that matches the transmission axis of 106a, and a white color is displayed.
- each pixel (picture element) is used to perform color display.
- Each primary color filter has three primary colors of red (R), green (G) and blue (B), and is colored by transmitting light.
- R, G, and B pixel arrangement patterns include, for example, a delta arrangement and a stripe arrangement as shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b). Pixels are formed repeatedly in the horizontal and vertical directions.
- the number of pixels and the size of the pixels at this time are also various.
- a reflective liquid crystal display element 105 having a number X of 610000 pixels and a pixel pitch of approximately 180 m in the horizontal direction Ph and approximately 169 ⁇ m in the vertical direction PV was used.
- the arrangement pattern shown in FIG. 3A is a delta arrangement, in which R, G, and B pixels are sequentially and repeatedly arranged in a line in the horizontal direction of the display surface. Then, they are adjacent to each other in the vertical direction of the display surface (vertical direction, pixel repetition direction, the direction of arrow Pvd in FIGS. 3A and 3B). Pixels of the same color on the same line are arranged at positions shifted by 1.5 pixels in the horizontal direction.
- the arrangement pattern shown in Fig. 3 (b) is a stripe arrangement, in which R, G, and B pixels are arranged repeatedly in a row in the horizontal direction, and pixels of the same color are arranged in the vertical direction. They are arranged in a tripe shape.
- FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b) show the front light 1 used in the present embodiment.
- a white LED Light Emitting Diode
- NSCW 100 a white LED (Light Emitting Diode) (manufactured by Nichia Corporation) is used as the point light source 101.
- NSCW 100 Using NSCW 100), it was arranged on the incident surface 102 a of a linear light guide 102 described later (see FIG. 5 (a)). Further, around the linear light guide 102, an it 4596 made by 3M was arranged as a diffuse reflection sheet 103. With such an arrangement, it is possible to convert the light emitted from the point light source 101 into a linear light emission state.
- the light guide 104 in the first embodiment converts incident light in a linear light emission state into planar light emission, It functions to illuminate the display element 105 (see Fig. 1).
- the light guide 104 is arranged such that an emission surface 102 b (see FIG. 5A) of the linear light guide 102 described later faces the incident surface 104 a. o
- the light guide 104 one made by injection molding of poly (methyl methacrylate) is used. 4a, an emission surface 104b in a direction substantially perpendicular to the incidence surface 104a, and a facing surface 104c facing the emission surface 104b.
- the direction of the intersecting line between the surface forming the propagation portion 104 d and the surface forming the reflection portion 104 e is referred to as a periodic direction R hd.
- the transmittance of light guide 104 is improved by performing an antireflection treatment (not shown) on emission surface 104 b of light guide 104.
- an antireflection treatment (not shown) on emission surface 104 b of light guide 104.
- the film thickness to form a thin film such as M g F 2 and S i 0 2 to about 0. 1 mu m alternately, the reflected energy Te cowpea the interference of a thin film
- An anti-reflection film to be lowered was formed directly on the emission surface 104 b by vapor deposition.
- the surface reflection of about 4% can be reduced to 1% or less, so that the transmittance of the light guide 10 is improved, and a bright display is possible.
- the periodic structure 104f The light emitted from the point light source 101 and converted into a linear light emitting state by the linear light guide 102 and incident on the light guide 104 is reflected by the reflective liquid crystal display element 1. It is set so that it can be effectively emitted to the 0 5 (see Fig. 1) side.
- the pitch that is the period of the periodic structure 104 f is P d
- the pitch of the propagation part 104 d is P 1
- the pitch of the reflection part 104 e is P 2
- the propagation part is 104 d.
- Let h be the height of the prism formed by the reflecting portion 104 e.
- each of the above pitches (Pd, P1, P2) is perpendicular to the direction of the line of intersection between the surface forming the transmission section 104d and the surface forming the reflection section 104e. And in a direction parallel to the emission surface 104b.
- the height h of the prism is related to the direction perpendicular to the emission surface 104 b, and the periodic structure 104 f is a reflective liquid crystal display element 105 (hereinafter referred to as FIGS. 1 and 3 as appropriate). (See (a) and Fig. 3 (b).)
- the display quality is not degraded by moire fringes generated by interfering with the pixel pattern.
- the pitch Pd which is the period, is assumed to be 390 m, and the vertical direction (pixel repetition direction) Pvd of the pixel pattern of the reflective liquid crystal display element 105 and 14 ° It was formed so as to form an angle.
- the prevention of moiré fringes is not limited to the method described in the present embodiment.
- the periodic structure 104 formed on the surface of the light guide 104 can be used.
- the pitch Pd of ⁇ (the sum of the pitch P 1 of the propagation section 104 d and the pitch P 2 of the reflection section 104 e) and the pitch of the pixels formed in the reflection type liquid crystal display element 105 in the repetition direction
- P 1 c in this embodiment, the direction in which the vertical pitch P v of the pixels is formed (vertical direction P vd of the pixel pattern)
- the moiré fringe prevention angle (moiré prevention angle) ) 0 must be determined appropriately.
- the angle 0 for preventing the occurrence of moire fringes depends on the pixel array formed on the reflective liquid crystal display element 105 and the pixel pitch P 1 c and the light guide pitch P d.
- the angle of the periodic structure 104 f formed on the surface of the light guide 104 with respect to the pitch P d is determined by determining the pitch P 1 c of the reflective liquid crystal display element 105. be able to.
- the reflective liquid crystal display element 105 has a delta array of 2.0 type (the number of horizontal pixels x the number of vertical pixels is 280 x 220) or the 2.5 type (the number of horizontal pixels x vertical).
- the value is 10. Capra 2 5 . , And 5 5.
- Moire fringes can be prevented in the angle range of 80 to 80 °.
- the reflective liquid crystal display element 105 a 3.9 type (horizontal pixel x vertical pixel number is 320 x 240) or 8.4 type (horizontal pixel number x vertical pixel) of striped arrangement If the number is 64 ⁇ 480) and 11.3 type (the number of horizontal pixels x the number of vertical pixels is 600 ⁇ 800), then 15 ° C Moire fringes can be prevented within the range of the angle. It is more preferable that the angle 0 be determined in consideration of the assembling accuracy when assembling as a reflective liquid crystal display device.
- the structure 104 f has a periodic direction R hd force and is formed so as to form the above-described moiré prevention angle.
- the pixel repetition direction P vd may be formed to have the above-described moiré prevention angle. That is, the periodic direction R hd and the pixel repetition direction P Vd may form the above-described moiré prevention angle.
- the material of the light guide 104 is not limited to the material used in the present embodiment, and the light guide 104 may be, for example, methyl methacrylate. Injection molding, etc., using appropriate resins such as acrylic resins, polycarbonate resins, epoxy resins, etc. Can be manufactured by molding.
- the periodic structure 104 f formed on the facing surface 104 c of the light guide 104 is prismatic (triangular). However, other shapes are also trapezoidal or lenticular. It may have an uneven structure such as a spherical shape.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are diagrams showing the shape and arrangement of the linear light guide 102 used in the present embodiment.
- the linear light guide 102 in the present embodiment has the same shape as the light guide 104 (see FIG. 4 (a)).
- a periodic structure 102 f was formed on a surface 102 c of the linear light guide 102 facing the emission surface 102 b. This periodic structure 102 was repeatedly formed in a direction substantially parallel to the incident surface 102a, and the pitch Pd 'was 500 / m.
- the shape of the periodic structure 102 f is such that the light of the point light source 1 Q1 incident from the entrance surface 102 a of the linear light guide 102 is linearly formed from the exit surface 102 b. It was designed to emit light effectively in the light emitting state.
- the pitch P 4 of the propagation section 102 d is 490 m
- the pitch P 3 of the reflection section 102 e is 10 / m
- the propagation section 1 The height h of the prism formed by 0 2 d and the reflector 102 e was designed to be 10 / m.
- the luminance distribution in the above-described hindsight light guide 102 was measured by the measuring instrument shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a measuring instrument for measuring the luminance distribution of the linear light guide 102.
- This measuring instrument is configured as follows.
- the optical axis of the luminance meter always intersects with the emission surface 102b.
- the luminance meter can be moved in the longitudinal direction (linear direction, X direction in FIG. 6) of the linear light guide 102, and the optical axis of the luminance meter and the emission surface 10
- the angle (the emission angle) 1 between the optical axis direction and the normal direction of the emission surface 102 b can be changed about the intersection of 2 b and.
- FIG. 7 shows the angular distribution of the emitted light at the center of the emission surface 102b of the linear light guide 102 designed as described above.
- This measurement was performed by changing the angle 01 in the measuring device shown in FIG.
- the light emitted from the linear light guide 102 has a peak value (maximum value) in the direction where ⁇ 1 is approximately 20 ° (first emission direction).
- Air layer (N 1), the output angle ⁇ 1 of the light emitted from the linear light guide 102 and the traveling direction of the light in the light guide 104 are The angle 0 2 with respect to the normal direction of the incident surface 104 a has the relationship of Expression 1.
- Is preferably set to be the direction of e 1 (first emission direction) that satisfies the relationship With this setting, light can be effectively incident on the periodic structure 104 f formed in the light guide 104.
- the efficiency of use of light propagating and reflected in the light guide 104 can be improved, and a bright front light system can be obtained.
- the traveling direction of light in the light guide 104 (see FIG. 4 (a)) is almost orthogonal to the angle 0 of the periodic structure 104f formed in the light guide 104.
- the reflection portion 104 e of the light guide 104 By setting the reflection portion 104 e of the light guide 104 appropriately, the light emitted from the light guide 104 is perpendicular to the emission surface 104 b. This is because the reflective liquid crystal display element 105 (see FIG. 1) can be illuminated from a vertical direction.
- the first emission direction is not limited to the direction of 01 in the above formula 2, but from the direction perpendicular to the incident surface 104a of the light guide 104, It is sufficient if the direction is close to the direction.
- FIG. 8 shows a linear light emission state obtained by the above-described configuration.
- the horizontal axis represents the emission surface of the linear light guide 102 (see FIG. 5 (a)).
- the length direction is shown, and the vertical axis shows the emission light luminance (relative value) of the normal direction of the emission surface and the peak value.
- the measurement was performed using a luminance meter BM-5A manufactured by Topcon Corporation.
- the peak value of the emitted light was determined by measuring the luminance within a range of an angle 01 with respect to the normal direction of the emission surface of the linear light guide 102.
- the data in the normal direction of FIG. 8 is based on the measurement device shown in FIG. 6 and the optical axis of the luminometer is set to the exit surface 102 of the linear light guide 102 (see FIG. 5 (a)).
- the luminance distribution is defined by the ratio (max x min) between the maximum value and the minimum value of the luminance within the measurement range.
- FIGS. 60 (a) and 60 (b) are cross-sectional views showing a detailed configuration of the reflective liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment.
- a glass substrate 107 b is provided with a reflection electrode as a reflection plate 109.
- the glass substrate 107a is provided with a transparent conductive film (for example, an IT0 film) 110 as a counter electrode.
- the display mode is not limited to the polarization mode, and may be a guest host mode or the like.
- a diffusion layer 111 a is provided adjacent to the polarizing plate 106.
- a diffusion layer 111b is provided on the liquid crystal layer 108 side of the reflector 109. Each of the diffusion layers 111a and 111b diffuses light from the light guide 104 to further uniform the luminance distribution.
- the reflective liquid crystal display device 105 and the front light 100 formed a reflective liquid crystal display device, and an image was actually displayed.
- the front plate 100 used here is the one shown in Fig. 4 (a), and Fig. 60
- the luminance distribution of the linear light guide 102 is preferably 3 or less, and more preferably 2 or less.
- FIG. 40 shows a configuration for measuring the luminance distribution of the linear light guide 222, which is the same as the case of FIG.
- FIG. 41 shows the luminance distribution of the linear light guide 222.
- the influence of the luminance distribution was examined in the same manner as described above.
- a light guide corresponding to the light guide 104 see FIG. 4 (a)
- the direction of the peak value of the emission luminance of the linear light guide 222 is taken into consideration.
- a moiré prevention angle of 0 0 was used.
- the light emission state is extremely good ( ⁇ ) by directly observing the light in the planar light emission state from the light guide without using the reflective liquid crystal display element 105 (see FIG. 1).
- Good ( ⁇ ) practically no problem ( ⁇ ) and unevenness was noticeable (X).
- the results are shown in Table 3. You,
- the luminance distribution of the linear light guide 222 is preferably 3 or less in this case, and more preferably 2 or less.
- FIG. 9 is a drawing showing an arrangement relationship between the linear light guides 102 and the light guides 104 used in the present embodiment.
- the exit surface 102 b of the linear light guide 102 is
- the length 2 of the exit surface (outgoing end surface) 102 of the linear light guide 102 is the length L 1 of the entrance surface (incident end surface) 104 of the light guide 104.
- the left end (the end on the side of the point light source 101, the end on the light source side) was configured to be longer by 12 mm.
- the LED is used as the point light source 101, and the incident light from the point light source 101 is linearly irradiated by the linear light guide 102.
- the LED By converting the light into light and entering the light guide 104, light can be efficiently incident on the light guide 104, and a bright front light 100 and a reflective liquid crystal display device can be obtained. (See Figures 1, 4 (a) and 5 (a) as appropriate).
- the periodic structure 104 f formed on the light guide 104 is formed at an angle of 14 ° with respect to the repetition direction of the pixels formed on the reflective liquid crystal display element 105. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent Moiré fringes caused by interference between the periodic structures.
- the above-mentioned angle is formed as 14 °, but the present invention is not limited to this, and may be in the range of 10 ° to 80 °. More specifically, a delta array can have a range of 10 ° to 25 ° or 55 ° force, or 80 °, and a strip array can have a range of 15 ° to 75 °. If it is formed within the range, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of moiré fringes as described above.
- the angle 0 of the periodic structure 104 f formed in the light guide 104, the exit surface 102 b of the linear light guide 102, and the incidence angle of the light guide 104 Regarding the distance g from the surface 104a it is preferable to set the length of (L2-L1) to be equal to or greater than gxta ⁇ . This makes it possible to more effectively reduce the occurrence of shadows at the corners of the light guide 104.
- the linear light emitting state emitted from the linear light guide 102 emits light in a direction orthogonal to the angle 0 of the periodic structure 104 f formed in the light guide 104.
- the periodic structure 104 f formed in the light guide 104 the propagation section 104 d and the reflection section 104
- Light can be effectively incident on e), and a brighter front light 100 and a reflective liquid crystal display device can be obtained.
- the reflection type liquid crystal display device using the linear light guide 102 and the light guide 104 as the front light 100 has been described.
- the light body 102 and the light guide 104 are not limited to these, and can be used as various lighting devices.
- the light guide 104 by disposing the light guide 104 on the back surface of the liquid crystal layer 108, it can be used as a backlight in a transmission type liquid crystal display device.
- front light 100 in the present embodiment is composed of a light source unit, an entrance surface 104 a on which light from the light source unit enters, and an exit surface 100 a from which human-emitted light exits.
- the light from the light source unit is linear when the light is projected onto at least the human projection surface 104 a provided on the light guide 104. It is characterized by being in a light emitting state, whereby light from the light source unit can be efficiently incident on the light guide 104, and It is possible to realize a new front light 100.
- the linear light emitting state of the present invention means, as shown in FIG. 40 and FIG. 41, that the light from the light source 2201, the light from the light source 2201, and the light emitting surface 2201 of the light guide 222.
- the ratio of the maximum value to the minimum value of the emitted light luminance (hereinafter referred to as ma XZ min) with respect to the effective emission length X is 1 or more and 3 or less, and Preferably, it indicates a state of 1 or more and 2 or less.
- a state in which the luminance distribution is close to 1 with respect to the effective light emitting length like a cold cathode tube is desirable.
- an inverter is required at the time of lighting, so there is a problem in terms of power consumption and cost.
- the front light 100 can use a point-like light source 101 such as an LED that does not require an inverter, and has a low power consumption of the front light 100. A small space can be realized.
- the light source section is constituted by at least one or more point light emitting sources 101, and the light from the point light emitting sources 101 is provided.
- at least one or more linear light guides 1 Q 2 are arranged near the entrance surface 104 a of the light guide 104, so that the entrance surface 104 a of the light guide 1 Q 4 is provided.
- the front light 100 in the present embodiment includes a linear light guide 102 that converts light from the point light source 101 into a linear light emitting state, and a linear light guide 102.
- a light guide 104 formed with a periodic structure 104f for converting light from the body 102 into a planar light emission state and emitting the light.
- the periodic direction R hd of the periodic structure 104 f corresponds to the repetition direction PV d of the pixel of the reflective liquid crystal display element 105 to be illuminated (the emission surface 102 b of the linear light guide 102). (In a direction parallel to the human projection surface 104 a of the light guide 104).
- the light from the linear light guide 102 is positioned on the side perpendicular to the periodic direction R hd with respect to the normal direction of the exit surface 102 b of the linear light guide 102.
- 1 shows the peak value of the luminance in the emission direction.
- the linear light guide extends in a direction perpendicular to the periodic direction R hd from the angle formed by the normal direction of the exit surface 102 b of the linear light guide 102 to the periodic direction R hd.
- the light from 102 shows the peak value of the luminance.
- the first emission direction is preferably a direction in which light travels in the light guide 104 in a direction perpendicular to the periodic direction Rhd.
- the configuration of the reflection type liquid crystal display device including front light (illumination device) 150 and reflection type liquid crystal display element 105 in the present embodiment is as described above.
- a point-like light source (light source unit) 15 Embodiment 2 is different from Embodiment 1 in that two light bodies (illumination elements) 15 2 and 16 2 are arranged.
- FIG. 11 is a drawing showing the configuration of front light 150 used in the present embodiment.
- two white LEDs are used as the point light emitting sources 15 1 and 16 1, and linear light guides 15 2 and 16 2 which will be described later, respectively.
- a diffuse reflection sheet 103 (not shown) was arranged around the linear light guides 15 2 and 16 2. With such an arrangement, it is possible to convert the light emitted from the point light sources 151 and 161 to a linear light emission state.
- the light guide 104 the light guide 104 used in the above-described first embodiment was used as it was.
- FIGS. The shape and arrangement position of the light bodies 152 and 162 will be described.
- the linear light guides 15 2 and 16 2 in the present embodiment overlap the linear light guides 102 used in the above-described first embodiment symmetrically.
- the light exit surfaces 15 2 b and 16 2 b are arranged so as to face the light entrance surface 104 a of the light guide 104 (see FIG. 4 (a)).
- the point light sources 15 1 and 16 1 are equivalent to the point light sources 101 and the linear light guides 15 2 and 16 2 are the linear light guides. 1 0 2 and Are equivalent. Then, the point light emitting source 15 1 and the linear light guide 15 2 are arranged in the same manner as the point light emitting source 101 and the linear light guide 102 with respect to the light guide 104. Have been. In addition, the point light source 16 1 and the linear light guide 16 2 are located on the back side of the linear light guide 15 2 (the side facing the exit surface 15 2 b). Point light source 1 5 1 for 0 4 and linear light guide
- FIG. 13 shows the linear light emission state obtained by the above-described configuration.
- the horizontal axis represents the emission surface length direction of the linear light guide 15 2 * 16 2 (X-axis direction), and the vertical axis indicates the emission light luminance (relative value) at the normal direction of the emission surface and the peak value.
- FIG. 14 shows the angular distribution of the outgoing light at the center of the outgoing surface 152b in the linear light guide 15 2 ⁇ 16 2 having the above-described design.
- the direction in which the emission luminance shows the peak value is the direction of + 0 1 (the first It is preferable that the direction is set to be the emission direction) and the direction of 101 (second emission direction). With this setting, light can be effectively incident on the periodic structure 104 f formed in the light guide 104 (see FIG. 4 (a)).
- 0 4 incident surface 1 0 4 a Light can be effectively incident on the region other than the region in the direction from to +01.
- FIG. 12 schematically shows a part of the light emitted from the linear light guides 152 and 1622.
- the light propagates in a direction parallel to the periodic direction R hd, so that it is hardly affected by the reflection effect of the reflector 104 e (see FIG. 4 (b)). Therefore, the light reaches the side surface 104 h of the light guide 104 (here, the side surface on the side of the point light emitting source 151 a), and is reflected by the side surface 104 h. Then, the light 91 reflected on the side surface 104 h propagates in a direction orthogonal to the periodic direction R hd.
- the light 91 reflected by the side surface 104 h propagates also in a region where the light 90 does not directly reach (a triangular region surrounded by a broken line in FIG. 12). It has the function of supplementing light 90. Therefore, it is possible to make the distribution of the light emitted by the light guide 104 in a planar light emitting state more uniform.
- the emission angle 0 1 —20 ° from the linear light guide 16 2
- the light 91 having a peak luminance value forms reflected light on the side surface 104 h of the light guide 104, thereby irradiating light more uniformly to the entire light guide 104 and guiding the light. This is for making the distribution of light in a planar light emission state emitted from the body 104 more uniform.
- Providing a reflective film on the side surface 104 h is preferable because the reflection efficiency with respect to the light 91 can be improved.
- the second emission direction is a direction symmetrical to the first emission direction with respect to the human projection surface 104a of the light guide 104, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the direction may be different from the direction.
- a reflection type liquid crystal display device was constructed by combining a front light 150 and a reflection type liquid crystal display element 105 (see FIG. 10), and an image was displayed.
- the luminance distribution of the linear light guides 15 2 and 16 2 is 3 or less in each case.
- light is emitted in the direction of 120 degrees from the linear light guides 15 2 and 16 2, so that the side end faces 104 of the light guides 104 are formed.
- h the side on the side where the point-like light source 15 1 is installed, see Fig. 12
- h can effectively guide the light to the periodic structure 104 of the light guide 104 It is possible to obtain a brighter front light system with better distribution.
- linear light guide 15 2 and the light guide 10 4 have a distance g between them.
- the length L 2 of the exit surface (exit end surface) 15 2 b of the linear light guide 15 2 is the incident surface (human end surface) of the light guide 104.
- the left end is 2 mm longer than the length L1 of 104a.
- linear light guides 15 2 and 16 2 a configuration using two linear light guides (linear light guides 15 2 and 16 2) has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- a linear light guide (illumination element) 1 ⁇ 2 as shown in Fig. 15 Such a configuration may be used.
- this linear light guide 17 2 an isosceles triangular reflecting portion is formed on a surface 17 2 c opposite to the emission surface 17 2 b, and the pitch is 20. It was formed with a height of 9 // m.
- the linear light guide 172 having such a design the light emitted from the linear light guide 172 can be obtained by arranging the point light sources 15 1 * 16 1 at both ends. It has a peak value in the direction of about 20 degrees and in the direction of ⁇ 20 degrees, and it is possible to obtain a compact front bright light system.
- two LEDs are used as point-like light sources (point-like light sources 151, 161), and a linear light guide (linear light guide) is used.
- a linear light guide linear light guide
- the brightness distribution of the light emitted in the first and second emission directions is 3 or less. Thereby, the luminance distribution of the light in the planar light emission state emitted from the light guide 104 can be made more uniform.
- the front light (lighting device) in the present embodiment is used.
- the configuration of the reflection type liquid crystal display device composed of 200 and the reflection type liquid crystal display device 105 is basically the same as that of the first embodiment described above.
- the point in which three LED arrays are arranged as the point light source (light source unit) 201 (see FIG. 17 (b)) and the point converted into the linear light emission state are the above-described embodiments. Different from 1.
- FIGS. 17 (a) and 17 (b) are drawings showing the configuration of the front light 200 used in the present embodiment.
- three LEDs are used as the point-like light emitting sources 201, each of which is bonded on the substrate 2 13. After digging, it was arranged at the lower end (lower surface of the incident surface) of the light emitting surface 204 b of the light guide (planar light guide) 204.
- a diffuse reflection sheet (conversion means, diffusion means) 203 was arranged around the plurality of point light sources 201. With such an arrangement, it is possible to convert light emitted from the point light source 201 into a linear light emission state.
- the point light source 201 is located at a position (approximately 1 O) where the horizontal direction of the effective display area (horizontal: 50.2 mm x vertical: 37.lmm) of the reflective liquid crystal display device is divided into four equal parts. mm interval).
- the light guide 204 in the present embodiment is longer in the longitudinal direction than the reflective liquid crystal display element 105 (see FIG. 16), and the emission surface 204 b of the light guide 204 is provided.
- the substrate 213 is disposed at a portion where the portion protrudes from the reflective liquid crystal display element 1Q5.
- the light guide 204 is disposed at a portion protruding from the reflective liquid crystal display element 105. Therefore, the point light source 201 faces the diffusion sheet 203 via the light guide 204 (see FIG. 18 described later).
- the emission surface 204 b and the periodic structure 204 f of the light guide 204 are the emission surface 104 b and the periodic structure 104 f of the light guide 104 in the first embodiment. (See Fig. 4 (a)).
- FIG. 18 is a drawing showing the shape, arrangement position, and light emitting state of the linear light guide 202 in the present embodiment.
- the distance between the light emitting portion of the point light emitting source 201 and the diffuse reflection sheet 203 is L, and the incident surface 204 of the light guide 204 is shown.
- the thickness of a was te.
- the linear light guide 202 is a part of the light guide 204 and is formed by a portion protruding from the reflective liquid crystal display element 105 (see FIG. 16).
- the arrangement of the point light source 201 and the diffuse reflection sheet 203 difference between the distance L and the thickness te in this embodiment using FIG.
- the relationship between the brightness and the brightness difference between the brightness in the linear light emitting state will be described. In this configuration, it can be seen that the brightness can be made brighter as the distance L approaches te, but the difference in brightness increases. It can also be seen that if the difference between L and te (L-te) is increased, the difference in brightness will increase.
- the distance L between the point-like light source 201 and the diffuse reflection sheet 203 is determined by the thickness te of the human projection surface 204 a of the light guide 204.
- light 55 emitted from the point light source 201 diffuses a plurality of times by the diffuse reflection sheet 203 in the process of shining on the light guide 204.
- FIGS. 20 (a) and 20 (b) show three point light emitting sources (LEDs) 1501 and a direct light guide 15 The configuration arranged on the 0.40 incident surface 1504a will be described.
- Fig. 20 (a) Fig. 20 (b)
- a high-luminance portion (indicated by a broken line in FIG. 20 (a)) appears intermittently at the position where the point light source 1501 is arranged, and the display quality is high. Decreased significantly.
- the point light source 201 is mounted on the substrate 150
- the point-like light source 1501 and the substrate 1500 are diffused reflection sheets 1
- light emitted from the point light source 201 can be converted into a linear light emission state with less light unevenness.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and depends on the size of the display screen. possible and this increases the number of used point-like light emitting source 2 0 1, thereby t becomes possible to increase the brightness of the display device, however, such a case, since the power consumption increases , Point light source 2
- the number of 0 1 be the minimum possible number to constitute the Freon light 200.
- FIG. 21 another configuration of a reflection type liquid crystal display device including a front light (illumination device) 240 and a reflection type liquid crystal display element 105 in the present embodiment will be described. Will be described.
- the LED array is arranged on the lower surface of the light-entering surface of the light guide 104, which is the same as that in the above configuration. I have. Further, in this configuration, the distance L ′ between the light emitting part of the point light source 201 and the diffuse reflection sheet (conversion means, diffusion means) 223 (See Figure 22) were placed at a distance of about 2.0 mm.
- the direction in which light is emitted from the point light source 201 is the direction from the inside of the light guide 104 to the outside in the direction normal to the incident surface 104 a of the light guide 104.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the shape, arrangement position, and light emitting state of front light 240 in the present configuration of the third embodiment.
- the point-like light emitting source 201 As shown in FIG. 22, in the present configuration according to Embodiment 3, three LEDs are used as the point-like light emitting source 201, and each of them is bonded on the substrate 211, and then the light guide is formed. It was arranged below the emission surface 104 b of 104. The light emission direction 60 at this time was arranged and arranged to emit light on the side of the panel (in the direction perpendicular to the display surface of the reflective liquid crystal display device).
- a diffuse reflection sheet 223 is arranged around the plurality of point-like light sources 201 (the light emitted from the point-like light source 201 is linearly arranged by such an arrangement). It is possible to convert to a light emitting state (light 61).
- the arrangement distance L ′ between the point light source 201 and the diffuse reflection sheet 222 in the present configuration and the brightness linear light emission state after panel reflection are used.
- the relationship between the luminance and the brightness difference will be described.
- the distance L ' is preferably in the range of 0 mm to 10 mm, and more preferably in the range of 1 mm to 3 mm in order to further improve the display quality. I can.
- the light emitted from the point light source 201 can be converted into a linear light emission state with less light unevenness, and the brightness difference between the compacts is reduced. It is possible to obtain a front light system with a small number.
- front light 200 ⁇ 240 of the present embodiment includes a planar conversion means (diffuse reflection sheet) for converting light from point light source 201 into a linear light emission state. 2 0 3 ⁇ 2 2 3) are provided.
- the planar conversion means partially faces the point-like light emitting source 201 and partially faces the light incident surface 204 of the light guide 204-104. Are provided opposite to each other.
- a try-out system can be formed.
- the number of light sources can be increased while avoiding an increase in the size of the device and a complicated structure, the amount of light can be easily increased.
- planar conversion means may be arranged in the vicinity of the point light source 201. In this case, it is possible to prevent the light from the point light source 201 from attenuating, thereby improving the light use efficiency.
- FIG. 24 is a drawing showing a configuration of a reflection type liquid crystal display device including a front light (illumination device) 250 and a reflection type liquid crystal display element 105 used in the present embodiment.
- a point light source (light source section, LED array) 25 1 (point light source 201 (see FIG. 17 (b)) is used as a light source.
- the substrate 26 3 corresponding to the substrate 2 13 (see FIG. 17 (b)) is used.
- the light source 2 5 1 is arranged on the surface 2 54 g of the light guide (planar light guide) 2 5 4 facing the human surface 2 5 4 a, the entrance surface 2 5 of the light guide 2 5 4
- the point at which the diffuse reflection sheet (conversion means, diffusion means) 25 3 is disposed on 4 a, the thickness of the surface 25 4 g of the light guide 25 4 facing the incident surface 25 4 a is set to 1.
- the difference is that it is 2 mm
- FIGS. 25 (a) and 25 (b) are drawings showing the shape and arrangement position of the front light 250 used in the embodiment of the present invention.
- a plurality of point-like light sources 2 51, LEDs are bonded on a substrate 26 3. It is arranged on the surface 254 g of the light guide 254 opposite to the incident surface 254 a.
- a diffuse reflection sheet 253 is arranged on the light-entering surface 254a of the light guide 254, and thus a front light 250 is formed. It is.
- the thickness 11 1: 1 1.2 mm of the incident surface 2 5 4 3 of the light guide 25 4
- the thickness of the surface 4 54 g opposing the incident surface 2 5 4 a 1. It was 2 mm.
- the light 65 emitted from the plurality of point-like light sources 25 1 has a sufficient spread when the light is reflected on the diffuse reflection sheet 25 3.
- the reflected light 66 is converted into light which is closer to complete diffusion, and can be re-entered into the light guide 25 4.
- the plurality of point-like light-emitting sources 25 1 are connected to the end surface (surface 24 5 g) and diffused by the diffusing means (diffuse reflection sheet 253) placed on the entrance surface 254a to re-enter it, it is possible to convert to a linear emission state with less light unevenness. This makes it possible to obtain a compact, small-scale light-and-light system.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a reflector (conversion means, reflection means) 273 is arranged on the incident surface 254a of the light guide 254. It is possible to obtain the same effect.
- the light 70 emitted from 1 is converted into sufficiently wide incident light in the process of being reflected by the reflector 2 73, and re-enters the human projection surface 2 5 4 a of the light guide 2 5 4 It is possible to make it.
- the plurality of point-like light-emitting sources 25 1 are connected to the end face (the face 25 4 g) of the light guide 25 4 facing the incident end face (incident face 25 54 a). ) And a diffuser (diffuse reflection sheet 253, see Fig. 25 (a)) or a reflective means (reflective plate 273, Fig. 25 (a)). )),
- the light from the multiple point-like light sources 25 1 can be diffused more efficiently, and the front light 250 and the reflective liquid crystal display are bright and have a small difference in brightness. A device can be obtained.
- FIG. 27 is a drawing showing a reflection type liquid crystal display device including front lights (illumination device) 300 and a reflection type liquid crystal display element 105 used in the present embodiment.
- the reflective liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment also Although the basic configuration is the same as that of the above-described first embodiment, in this embodiment, the shape of the linear light guide (illumination element) 302 and the point light source (white LED, light source unit) The arrangement method of 301a ⁇ 301b is different from that of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 28 is a drawing showing a shape and an arrangement position of front light 300 used in the present embodiment.
- this front light 300 is composed of a point-like light source 301a ⁇ 301b, a linear light guide 302, and a diffuse reflection sheet. (Diffusion means) It is composed of 303 and a light guide 104.
- FIGS. 29 (a) and 29 (b) the front light 300 used in the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 29 (a) and 29 (b).
- a white LED (NSCW100, manufactured by Nichia Corporation) is used as the point light source 301 a * 301 b. It was arranged on the incident end face of a linear light guide 302 described later. Further, between the linear light guide 302 and the point light sources 301a and 301b, an ultraviolet curable resin (optical matching means, matching means) is used for optical matching. , Adhesive resin).
- this UV-curable resin (manufactured by Nippon Rock Tight Co., Ltd .: L0-812) was used as a linear light guide 302 and a point-like light source 301-31b.
- the mixture was cured by irradiating ultraviolet rays at 1 JZ cm 2 .
- the refractive index n 1 of the ultraviolet curable resins 300 a and 300 b was 1.52.
- FIG. 30 shows the linear light guide 30 2 (see FIG. 29 (a)) with respect to the refractive index n 1 of the ultraviolet curable resin 30 5 a * 30 5 b (see FIG. 29 (a)).
- the following shows the relationship between the amounts of light emitted from.
- the optical matching is realized by using an adhesive resin having a refractive index n of not less than 1.4 and not more than 1. ⁇ . From 01b, a sufficient amount of emitted light can be guided to the light guide of the linear light guide 302.
- FIG. 29 (b) is a side view of the linear light guide 302 and the light guide 104 viewed from the point light source 301a (see FIG. 29 (a)). is there. Also, In the linear light guide 302, the surface opposite to the incident surface 300a on the side of the point light source 301a, that is, the surface on which the point light source 301b is installed is also The incident surface is assumed to be 302a.
- the taper process 302 h is performed by making the entrance surface 302 a of the linear light guide 302 a trapezoidal shape.
- the thickness of the exit surface 302 b of the linear light guide 302 is set to 1.2 mm, which is almost the same as the thickness of the entrance surface 104 a of the light guide 104. It was formed with a thickness.
- the thickness of the surface of the linear light guide 302 facing the emission surface 302 b is set to 2.0 mm, and the taper processing is performed so that the angle becomes 0.5 ° and 7.6 °. h.
- the angle ⁇ 5 is an angle formed between the normal direction of the emission surface 302b of the linear light guide 302 and the surface subjected to the taper processing 302h.
- the taper treatment was applied to both sides of the entrance end face of the linear light guide 302 for 302 h, but if there is a restriction on the external size, etc., the taper treatment is applied to one side only. May be applied. Further, the angle 0 5 of the taper processing 302 h at this time is also limited to that of the present embodiment. However, if it is larger than 0 ° and equal to or smaller than 20 °, light can be effectively guided to the emission surface 302b of the linear light guide 302.
- the angle 05 is larger than 20 °, the light reflected by the periodic structure 302 f of the linear light guide 302 is tapered (tapered 302 h). ) Exceeds the total reflection angle, and the effect of effectively guiding light to the emission surface 302 b is reduced.
- the thickness of the exit surface 302 b of the linear light guide 302 is made substantially equal to the thickness of the human projection surface 104 a of the light guide 104, and the angle 0 5 is set to 0. ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 5 ⁇ 20 °
- Taper treatment 30 2 h is applied within the range of 5 ° ⁇ 20 °, so that the light emitted from the point light source 3 0 1 a 0 2, and can efficiently enter the human projection surface 104 a of the light guide 104.
- the linear light guide 302 used in the present embodiment has a propagation portion 3 on the surface facing the emission surface 302 b. 0 2 d and the reflecting portions 30 02 e are formed alternately and periodically (forming a periodic structure 302 f).
- This shape has a pitch P d ′ ′ of 200 ⁇ ,
- the reflecting section 302 e is designed to have a large inclination angle near the entrance surface 302 a and a small inclination angle at the center.
- the width P5 and the width P6 of the reflecting portion 302e are 15 m near the human projection surface 302a (therefore, the width P7 of the propagating portion 302d is 1 7 O m), height h is 15 ⁇ m isosceles triangle, and widths P 5 and P 6 are 18 ⁇ m at the center (hence width P 7 is 16 4 m), and the height h was set to an isosceles triangle of 15 ⁇ .
- the inclination angle of the reflecting portion 302 e to be smaller as approaching the central portion, it is possible to uniformly emit the light emitted from the linear light guide 302. It is.
- FIG. 32 shows the angular distribution of the outgoing light at the center of the outgoing surface 302 b of the linear light guide 302 of the above design.
- the light emitted from the linear light guide 302 has a peak value in a direction where ⁇ 1 is approximately 15 degrees (first emission direction).
- a linear light emission state was obtained.
- the direction of the peak value (the direction of the 01 force and 15 degrees) in the light emitted from the linear light guide 302 is strictly equivalent to the periodic structure 1 formed on the light guide 104.
- 0 4 f Angle is slightly deviated from the direction orthogonal to 14 ° ⁇ However, the direction of the peak value is strictly the periodic structure 1
- 0 4f angle 0 Direction orthogonal to 14 °
- a sufficient effect can be obtained even in a direction slightly deviated from this direction ( ⁇ 10 °).
- the linear light guide 302 (hereinafter, appropriately referred to as FIG. 29 (a), FIG. 29 (b), FIG. 31 (a), FIG. b)), it is possible to effectively convert the light emitted from the point-like light sources 310a and 301b into a linear light-emitting state by forming the periodic structure 302f I have.
- the human projection surface 302 a of the linear light guide 302 and the point light source 310 a •
- UV curable resin (optical matching means) 3 05a '3 05b between 3 and 1 b, it is possible to improve the incident efficiency and increase the amount of emitted light, and it is bright Front Light 300 can be provided.
- Embodiments 1 to 5 The components having the same functions as those described in Embodiments 1 to 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be partially omitted.
- FIG. 33 is a drawing showing a reflection type liquid crystal display device including a front light (illumination device) 350 and a reflection type liquid crystal display element 105 used in the present embodiment.
- the basic configuration of the reflective liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment is the same as that of the above-described fifth embodiment, but in the present embodiment, the linear light guide ( Lighting element)
- the shape of 352 is different from the point light source (white LED, light source).
- FIG. 34 is a drawing showing a shape and an arrangement position of the front light 350 used in the present embodiment.
- This CFC 350 is shown in Figure 34. As shown, it is composed of a point light source 351, a linear light guide 352, a diffuse reflection sheet 103, and a light guide 104.
- the point-like light source 35 1 is formed by using the reflective liquid crystal display element 105 (see FIG. 33) with a thickness of 1.5 mm to form the lower surface of the linear light guide 35 2. Was placed. With this arrangement, a compact front light 350 can be provided.
- FIG. 35 (a), FIG. 35 (b), FIG. 36 (a), and FIG. 36 (b) the details of the front light 350 used in this embodiment will be described. explain.
- FIG. 35 (a), FIG. 35 (b), FIG. 36 (a), and FIG. 36 (b) the details of the front light 350 used in this embodiment will be described. explain. FIG.
- FIG. 35 (a) is a layout perspective view of a linear light guide 352 and a point light source 351, used in the present embodiment.
- the point light source 35 3 lamps (point light source 35 la ⁇ 35 lb '35 1 c) are arranged on the lower surface (incident surface 35 2 a) of the linear light guide 35 2.
- FIG. 35 (b) is a plan view of the arrangement of the linear light guide 352 and the light guide 104 used in the present embodiment
- FIG. 36 (b) is a side view thereof.
- the propagation portions 352d and the reflection portions 352e are formed alternately and alternately.
- Periodical structure 35 2 ⁇ Note that, regarding this shape, the repetition of the reflection part 302 e and the propagation part 302 d (see FIG. 31 (b)) used in the above-described fifth embodiment (periodic structure 302 f) The shape was the same as.
- a tapered shape is formed in the cross section of the linear light guide 352.
- 35 2 g was formed.
- the tapered part 3 5 By forming 2 g, the incident light from the point light emitting source 35 1 disposed on the lower surface of the linear light guide 35 2 is reflected by the tapered portion 35 2 g to effectively propagate the light. It is possible to guide to 2 d and the reflection part 3 52 e.
- the entrance surface of the linear light guide As described above, in the present embodiment, the entrance surface of the linear light guide
- the reflecting surface (tapered portion 3) is formed so that the incident light from the point light source 35 1 is reflected to the periodic structure 35 2 f formed on the linear light guide 35 2 f side. 5 2 g), it is possible to increase the number of point-like light sources 35 1 that can only be arranged up to two lamps in accordance with the screen size. We can provide you with a complete light 350.
- FIG. 37 is a drawing showing a reflection type liquid crystal display device including a front light (illumination device) 400 and a reflection type liquid crystal display element 105 used in the present embodiment.
- the front light 400 used in the present embodiment has a first LED array 401 a in which three LEDs are arranged in a point-like light emitting source.
- the second LED array 401b in which three LEDs are arranged, faces the light guide (surface light guide) 404, the human surface 404a and the incident surface 404a.
- the surface to be placed is placed on 4 g.
- the first LE at this time
- the D array 401 a and the second LED array 40 lb are arranged so that the LEDs 400 a and 400 b parts are alternately positioned as shown in Fig. 39 (a). Have been.
- the light guide 404 forms two incident surfaces facing each other by the incident surface 404a and the surface 404g facing the incident surface 404a.
- the shapes of the propagating portion 404 d and the reflecting portion 404 e of the light guide 404 in the present embodiment 0 4 f).
- the propagation section 404 d and the reflection section 404 e have a pitch P d ′ ′ ′ of 3900 ⁇ 01,
- the width P 8 and the width P 9 of the reflection portion 4 04 e were 5 m, and the height h was 5 // m in an isosceles triangle shape.
- the shape of the reflecting portion 404 e of the light guide 404 an isosceles triangle as described above, the light incident from the incident surface 404 a side and the surface facing the incident surface 404 It becomes possible to uniformly guide the light emitted from the g-side to the human body toward the reflective liquid crystal display element 105 (see FIG. 37).
- the surface of the light guide 404 opposite to the surface on which the propagation portion 404d and the reflection portion 404e are formed is the emission surface 404b.
- FIG. 39 (b) is a connection diagram between the first LED array 401a and the second LED array 401b. As shown in FIG. 39 (b), the first LED array 401 a and the second LED array 40 lb were connected such that their polarities are opposite to each other. A signal as shown in FIG. 39 (c) was applied to each of the LED arrays 401a ⁇ 40lb.
- a frequency f 120 Hz
- ⁇ 5 V is applied to the voltage Vin
- the first LED array 401 a and the second LED array 4 are applied.
- 0 1 b were emitted alternately.
- the occurrence of unevenness due to light emission from 3b can be suppressed.
- the LED array 401 a As described above, according to the present embodiment, the LED array 401 a
- the first LED array 40 la and the second LED array 40 la are arranged on the light guide 400 4 a on the incident surface 4 04 a and the human surface 4 0 4 a facing the surface 4 0 4 a.
- the lighting frequency ⁇ is set to 60 Hz ⁇ f ⁇
- the lighting frequency ⁇ is set to 60 Hz ⁇ f ⁇
- Embodiments 1 to 7 The components having the same functions as those described in Embodiments 1 to 7 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is partially omitted.
- FIG. 43 shows a reflection type liquid crystal display device composed of a front light (illumination device) 450 and a reflection type liquid crystal display device (image display element) 455 used in the present embodiment. It is a drawing.
- the basic structure of the reflective liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment is the same as that of the above-described first embodiment, but in the present embodiment, the linear light guide ( The shapes of the lighting element) 4 52 and the light guide (planar light guide) 4 54 are different.
- the reflection type liquid crystal display element 455 has a 3.9-type stripe arrangement, and the number of horizontal pixels is 320 pixels for each of R, G, and B pixels, and the number of pixels is vertical.
- the number of pixels was 240 pixels, the pixel pitch was 0.0828 mm in the horizontal direction P h, and the pixel pitch was 0.248 mm in the vertical direction P v.
- the other configuration of the reflective liquid crystal display element 455 is the same as that of the reflective liquid crystal display element 105 of Embodiment 1 (see FIG. 1).
- FIG. 44 is a perspective view of a portion of the front light 450 in the display device
- FIG. 44 (b) is an enlarged view of a part of the light guide member 454 of the front light 450.
- a point-like light source (light source unit) 45 1 a ⁇ 45 1 b is used as a white LED (Light Emitting Diode) (NSCW 10 manufactured by Nichia Corporation).
- 0) is arranged on the later-described incident surface (human end surface) of the linear light guide 452.
- a diffuse reflection sheet 103 is arranged around the linear light guide 452.
- the light guide 454 converts the light that has been converted into a linear luminous state by the linear light guide 452 and emitted into planar luminescence.
- the light converted into a planar light-emitting state by the light guide 454 illuminates the reflective liquid crystal display element 455 (see FIG. 43).
- the light guide 4 5 4, c the light guide 4 5 4 exit surface, which will be described later of the linear light conductor 4 5 2 are arranged so as to face the incidence surface 4 5 4 a, for example, It is manufactured by injection molding of poly (methyl methacrylate).
- the light guide 454 has an incident surface 454a-an exit surface 454b and an opposing surface 454c.
- the reference numeral 454b is a surface substantially perpendicular to the entrance surface 454a, and the facing surface 454c is a surface facing the emission surface 454b.
- a prism-shaped periodic structure 454 f composed of a propagation portion 454 d and a reflection portion 454 e is formed on the facing surface 454.
- the outgoing surface 454 b of the light guide 454 is also subjected to an anti-reflection treatment as in the first embodiment.
- the shape of the periodic structure 45 4 f is emitted from the point light source 45 1 a ⁇ 45 lb, converted into a linear light emitting state by the linear light guide 45 2, and
- the light incident on the reflective liquid crystal display element 45 5 (see FIG. 43) is set so that it can be effectively emitted.
- periodic structure 4 5 4 The pitch Pd, which is the period of ⁇ , is 0.16 mm, the pitch of the propagation part 454 d is P1 force 0.15 mm, and the pitch of the reflection part 454 e is P2 force 0.01 mm
- the height h of the prism formed by the propagation portion 454 d and the reflection portion 454 e is set to 0.01 mm.
- the light guide 450 in the present embodiment is different from the light guide 104 in Embodiment 1 (see FIG. 4A) in the vertical direction P vd of the pixel pattern.
- the thickness tin of the incident surface 454 a is 1.2 mm
- FIGS. 5 (b) and 45 (c) are a plan view, a front view and a side view, respectively, showing the structure of the linear light guide 452, and FIG. 45 (d) is a linear light guide.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a prismatic portion of FIG.
- the point light sources 45 1 a and 45 1 b are arranged at both ends of the linear light guide 45 2, and are irradiated from the point light sources 45 1 a and 45 1 b.
- the point-like luminescent light is converted into linear luminescent light by irradiating the linear light guide 452 with a person.
- the linear light guide 452 is disposed on the incident surface 4554a of the light guide 4554 (see Fig. 44 (a)), and the linear light guide 4552 emits linear light.
- the light converted into light is further converted into light of planar emission by being incident on the light guide 454.
- the linear light guide 452 is, for example, injection-molded with methyl methacrylate.
- a rectangular parallelepiped material with outer dimensions of 8 mm in length, 3 mm in width, 3 mm in width, 1 mm in thickness, and a refractive index of 1.49. Appropriate processing is performed to obtain the shape described below.
- This linear light guide 4 52 has an incident surface 4 52 a, a human projection surface (a second human projection surface).
- the incident surfaces 45 2 a and 45 2 b are parallel surfaces facing each other.
- the exit surface 45 2 c is a surface perpendicular to each of the entrance surfaces 45 2 a and 45 2 b
- the facing surface 45 2 d is a surface parallel to the exit surface 45 52 c. It is.
- the above-mentioned point light sources 45 1 a ⁇ 45 1 b are arranged, respectively.
- the point-like light source 45 la * 45 lb is shown only in FIG. 45 (a), and is omitted in the others.
- the opposing surface 45 2 d of the linear light guide 45 2 includes a pre-composed portion composed of a propagation portion (flat portion) 45 2 e and a reflection portion (inclined portion) 45 2 f ⁇ 45 2 g.
- a rhythmic periodic structure 452 h is formed.
- the periodic structure 45 2 h includes a plurality of cut portions formed on the facing surface 45 2 d and a portion between the adjacent cut portions on the facing surface 45 2 d (the above-described propagation portion 45 2 e). It consists of:
- this reflecting portion is emitted from the point-like light source 45 1 a ⁇ 45 1 b and is incident on the incident surface 45 2 a ⁇ 45 2 b to form a linear conductor. It has a function of reflecting a part of the light propagating through the optical body 452 to emit the light in an appropriate direction from the direction of the emission surface 452c.
- the cross-sectional shape of the cut (incident surface 45 2a ⁇ 45 2b and The cross-sectional shape in a plane perpendicular to the emitting surface 45 2 c) is located at the base in the plane including the propagation portion 45 52 e, and the vertex is located on the exit surface 45 52 c side with respect to this plane. It is an isosceles triangle located.
- the two sides (two sides having the same length) other than the base side in the isosceles triangle correspond to the surfaces forming the above-described reflecting portions 452i * 452g.
- the surface near the point-shaped light source 45 1 a is the reflecting portion 45 2 f
- the surface near the point-shaped light source 45 1 b is the reflecting portion 45 2 f. g.
- the notch formed by the reflection portion 452f ⁇ 452g will be referred to as a prism 4552p.
- a portion corresponding to the position of the vertex of the isosceles triangle in the above-described cross-sectional shape of the prism (cut portion) 452p is referred to as a valley 452i of the prism 452p.
- the plurality of prims 4 52 p are not strictly a periodic structure because they are not necessarily all the same shape as described below. It is called periodic structure 4 52 h.
- the X-axis is taken in the longitudinal direction of the linear light guide 45 2, the direction connecting the point-shaped light source 45 1 a and the point-shaped light source 45 1 b (line direction), and the point-shaped light source 4 52
- the direction from 51 a to the point light source 45 1 b is defined as positive.
- Fig. 45 (a) and (d) are as follows. First, the angles formed by the reflecting portion 45 2 f ⁇ 45 2 with respect to the facing surface 45 2 d and the exit surface 45 2 are respectively set as prism angles 0 1 1 ⁇ ⁇ 12. Also, The pitch at which the prisms 45 52 p are formed (the interval between the valleys 45 52 i of the prisms 45 52 p adjacent to each other) is defined as pt, and the i-th position from the point-like light source 45 1 a side Let the position of the second prism (the position of the valley 452i of the prism 4552p) be.
- the starting point of X i is the position of the linear light guide 45 2 on the point light source 45 1 a side (here, the end of the linear light guide 45 2).
- the X. Then X. Is a position pt away from X, force, etc. on the negative side of the X axis.
- the height of the prism (cutting depth, the distance from the plane including the propagation part 452e to the valley 452i) is set to di, and the prism width (cutting The width and the width of the cut portion in the X-axis direction at the opposing surface 45 2 d) are pwi.
- the width of the reflecting portion 452 f (width in the X-axis direction) is pw 1
- the width of the reflecting portion 452 g is pw. 2 i.
- the width in the X-axis direction of the propagating section 45 2 e between the i-th prism 45 52 p and the (i + 1) -th prism 45 52 p, and the i-th prism 4 52 p The sum of the 2 2p prism width pwi and the unit width is tw ,.
- FIG. 59 is a graph showing the luminance with respect to the emission angle 01 for each prism angle in the linear light guide. Note that FIG. 59 shows an example of a linear light guide 452 having the same prism angle 0 1 1 and prism angle 0 1 2.
- the angle 0 is 0 °
- the luminance of light incident from the direction perpendicular to the human projection surface 45 5 a of the light guide 45 4 (see FIG. 44 (a))
- the light use efficiency of the light guide 454 can be improved.
- outgoing angle ⁇ 1 0 among the outgoing light from the linear light guide 452.
- the angle formed by the reflecting section 45 2 f and 45 2 g with respect to the facing surface 45 2 d is equal, and the prism angles 0 1 1 and ⁇ 1 2 are set to 4 3 °. I do.
- the critical angle when light is emitted from the inside of the linear light guide 452 to the outside (air layer) is about 4 2. °.
- the light from the point light source 4 5 1 a ⁇ 4 5 1 b is It is considered that the ratio of incidence at an incident angle larger than the critical angle is large with respect to the reflective section 45 2 f ⁇ 45 2 g.
- the linear light guide 452 is formed so as to be symmetric with respect to the central portion (a position 40 mm from the end) in the X-axis direction. Therefore, hereinafter, only the point light source 451a side from the center will be described unless otherwise specified.
- the prism height di is formed to change according to the prism position Xi . Specifically, the prism height d, of the prism 45p close to the incident surface 45a, is small, and the prism height d approaches the center of the linear light guide 452. Is set to be large. That is, in the entire linear light guide 452, the prism height d ; is set to be small at both ends, and the prism height d, is set to be large as it approaches the center.
- the above condition only needs to be satisfied on average (for example, when the prism height d: averaged every 5 mm in the X-axis direction satisfies the following condition), and strictly between each prism The above conditions do not have to be satisfied.
- the inclination angle 0 d of the prism height is about 0.063 °.
- Table 5 shows the shape of the linear light guide 452 actually manufactured.
- the values shown in Table 5 are the results of measuring the shape of the linear light guide 452 actually manufactured by Alpha 1 Step 300 manufactured by KEL Z Tencor Co., Ltd., and the unit is mm. It is.
- Table 5 shows the position of the center of the linear light guide 452.
- Table 5 shows a part of the prism up to the 80th prism to be placed.
- FIG. 46 is a plan view of the linear light guide 452.
- the prism occupancy of I prisms (I is a natural number) 4 52 p can be defined as shown in Equation 3.
- the prism occupancy is 21.4%.
- the luminance distribution in the linear light guide 452 was measured by the method shown in FIG.
- the point light sources 4 5 1a and 4 5 1b And move the luminance meter at intervals of 10 mm in the longitudinal direction (X-axis direction) of the linear light guide 452, and adjust the luminance of the light emitted from the linear light guide 452 at each position. I asked.
- the luminance distribution (ma X Z min) which is the ratio between the maximum value and the minimum value of the luminance over the entire length, was 1.8.
- the linear emission light from the linear light guide 452 can form a more uniform planar light emission state in the light guide 454 as the luminance distribution is smaller, that is, more uniform.
- illumination light without unevenness can be formed.
- This luminance distribution is 1 or more, and 3 or less is practical. Therefore, in the present linear light guide 452, a uniform linear light emitting state having no practical problem is formed.
- FIG. 47 is a graph showing a change in the luminance distribution (max Z min) with respect to the inclination of the prism height ((di +) — di) Z (xi + i—x,)).
- the luminance distribution is 3 when the prism height is 0.001 and the prism height is 0.001 and the prism height is approximately 0.003.
- the luminance distribution of the light emitted from the linear light guide 452 becomes smaller, that is, the luminance distribution is improved.
- the luminance distribution tends to increase, and when the inclination exceeds 0.05, the luminance distribution exceeds 3.
- the inclination of the prism height is set in the range of 0.001 or more and 0.05 or less.
- FIG. Figure 48 is a graph showing the change in light use efficiency with respect to prism occupancy.
- the light utilization efficiency is defined by the linear light guide 452 with respect to the sum of the luminous flux of the light incident on the linear light guide 452 from the point light source 45 1 a • 45 lb. It is the percentage of the total sum of the luminous fluxes of the light converted to the state of light emission.
- the sum of the luminous fluxes of the light emitted from the point-shaped light sources 45 1 a and 45 1 b to the linear light guide 45 2 is the emission of the point-shaped light sources 45 1 a and 45 1 b.
- the point-like light sources 451a and 451b were placed on an integrating sphere for measurement.
- the sum of the luminous fluxes of the light converted into the linear light emitting state by the linear light guide 452 is obtained by shielding the portion other than the emission surface 452 c of the linear light guide 452. The measurement was performed by setting the linear light guide 452 on an integrating sphere.
- the front lights 450 having the configuration shown in FIG. 44 (a) are respectively used by using the linear light guides 452 whose prism occupancy is 5% and 9.8%. formed was measured the brightness of the Freon tri DOO 4 5 0 of the planar light emitting state by the light, respectively 1 cd Z m 2 and 1. 4 cd / m 2 der ivy. These are all bright enough that there are no practical problems as auxiliary lighting means.
- the prism occupancy As described above, by setting the prism occupancy to 5% or more, the light utilization efficiency of the linear light guide 452 is 30% or more, and the planar light emission state of the front light 450 is The brightness of the light is 1 cd X m 2 or more, and both are practical Yes, it is preferred.
- FIG. 49 is a schematic diagram showing a state of light propagation in the linear light guide 452. Incident surface 4 5
- the propagating portion 452 e has a function of transmitting the light from the point light source 451 a in the longitudinal direction of the linear light guide 452.
- the function of propagating light in the longitudinal direction of the linear light guide 452 decreases.
- the distance from the point light source 45 1 a in the longitudinal direction of the linear light guide 45 2 decreases, the amount of light emitted from the emission surface 45 2 c of the linear light guide 45 2 decreases.
- the luminance distribution deteriorates.
- the prism occupancy is set to 80% or less.
- FIG. 50 (a) shows the relationship between the force and the unit width tw of the linear light guide 452 ; and the distribution of light at the exit surface 452c .
- FIGS. 50 (a) and 50 (b) are a plan view and a front view, respectively, when the unit width twi is relatively large, and FIGS. 50 (c) and 50 ( d) is when the unit width tW i is relatively small. It is a top view and a front view, respectively.
- the hatched portions in FIG. 50 (b) and FIG. 50 (d) indicate a portion having relatively large luminance on the exit surface 452c when light is irradiated by the linear light guide 452, that is, a bright portion ( (Clear part).
- the brightness unevenness in the linear light emission state as described above is likely to occur in the case where unit width tw exceeds 2. 0 mm, unit width tw; is 2. correct preferred that at 0 mm or less .
- the unit width twi is smaller than 0.05, it is difficult to form the prism 452p itself, so that the unit width tWi is preferably equal to or greater than 0.05 mm.
- the prism angle S 11-0 12 of the linear light guide 45 2 (see FIG. 45 (d)) is set to 43 °.
- the prism angles 11 1 and ⁇ 12 affect the direction in which the brightness of the light emitted from the linear light guide 45 2 (see FIG. 45 (a)) has a peak value. is there.
- the prism angles 0 1 1 and ⁇ 1 2 are all 4 In the case of 3 °, the peak value of the brightness is in the normal direction of the light exit surface 45 2 c (this is the periodic direction 4 5 4 f of the light guide 45 4 (see Fig. 44 (a))). Is suitable in the case where is formed in parallel with the exit surface 45 2 c of the linear light guide 45 2.
- the prism angle of the prism 452 p to 43 °, emitted light having a peak value in the normal direction can be obtained, and the periodic structure formed in the light guide 454 can be obtained. Light can be efficiently incident on 4 5 4 f and a bright illumination means can be provided.
- the prism angles 11 1 and ⁇ 12 are such that the peak value of the emitted light is in a direction (direction perpendicular to the periodic direction) suitable for the periodic structure 4 54 f in the light guide 4 54. It is preferable to set to.
- a plurality of prisms 45 52 p are formed on the facing surface 45 52 d facing the emitting surface 45 52 c of the linear light guide 45 52, and the length of the emitting surface 45 52 c Assuming that the prism height at any point X, in the direction is di, the slope represented by (di + i — d l ) Z (x i + 1 — X i ) is 0.0.
- the point-like light sources 45 1 a ⁇ 4 arranged on both sides of the linear light guide 45 2 are made symmetrical about the center in the longitudinal direction of the output surface 45 2 c.
- the incident light from 51b can be converted into a linear light emitting state with excellent luminance distribution, and a uniform lighting device can be provided.
- FIGS. 51 (a) and 51 (b) are schematic views showing the inclination of the prism height.
- the linear light guide 452 has a prism height Is constant. Therefore, the valley portion 45 2 i of each prism 45 2 is located on the inclined line (the dashed line in FIG. 51 (a)).
- the linear light guide 452 in the present embodiment is not limited to this, and for example, the prism 452p may be set as shown in FIG. 51 (b).
- the prism height di +, and the prism height The height di may be equal, and the average of the inclination of the prism height (dotted line in Fig. 51 (b)) is the same as in Fig. 51 (a).
- the linear light guide 452 in the present embodiment does not necessarily have to have a symmetric structure, and the light source in FIG.
- the inclination of the prism height may be unilaterally set from one end surface (incident surface 452a) of the light guide 452 to the other end surface.
- the prism height d the slope of the prism height has been set, the prism width pw; may be changed to. That is, the prism width pwi may be set to increase as the distance from the light source increases. Even in such a configuration, the same function as described above can be obtained because the size of the reflection portion 452f ⁇ 452g (see Fig. 45 (d)) increases as the distance from the light source increases.
- the linear light guide 45 2 in the present embodiment has a columnar linear light guide 45 2, as shown in FIG. 45 (a) and FIG. 45 (d).
- a light-emitting surface 45 2 a which is provided on one end face in the longitudinal direction (X-axis direction) of the light-emitting device, and which receives light from the point-like light source 45 1 a, and a length of the linear light guide 45 2 And an emission surface 452c from which the incident light is emitted.
- the prism 4 52 p that reflects the incident light is the exit surface 4 52 2 c And are arranged in the longitudinal direction on the opposing surface 452 opposite to. Furthermore, for the i-th prism 4552p from the incident surface 4552a side, when the distance from the incident surface 4552a is Xi and the prism height di is
- the average of the slopes defined by, between each prism 452 p, is set to a value greater than zero.
- the average value of the differences defined in, between each prism 452 p is set to a value greater than 0.
- the prism height d i or the prism width p w i force of the prism 452 p is set so as to increase on the average as the distance from the entrance surface 452 a increases.
- the prism 452p located far from the entrance surface 4552a can reflect more light, compensating for the decrease in the amount of light from the point-like light source 451a. it can. Therefore, it is possible to increase the amount of light emitted from the linear light guide 452, and to make the luminance distribution of the emitted light more uniform in the longitudinal direction of the linear light guide 452. It becomes possible to do.
- this structure can form a light guide having a constant width orthogonal to the longitudinal direction, so that light from the entrance surface 45 Propagation in the direction can be adopted. Therefore, it is possible to further improve the light use efficiency and the uniformity of the emission luminance. Furthermore, in this configuration, since the pitch pt of the prism 45 52 p can be kept constant, the prism 45 52 on the opposing surface 45 52 d opposing the emission surface 45 52 c It is possible to secure a propagation section 452 e in which p is not formed. Thus, similarly to the above, it is possible to adopt a structure in which light from the human projection surface 452a is easily propagated in the longitudinal direction.
- the linear light guide 452 in the present embodiment also has a prism 4552p from the side of the human projection surface 452b facing the incident surface 452a so as to satisfy the above conditions. It is preferable that the information is formed. This makes it possible to achieve the above-described effects while increasing the amount of light by providing the point-like light sources 451a and 4551b on each of the incident surfaces 452a and 4552b.
- FIG. 52 is a perspective view showing a configuration of the reflective liquid crystal display device in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 53 (a) is a perspective view of a front light (illumination device) 500 portion in the above-mentioned reflection type liquid crystal display device, and
- FIG. 53 (b) is a front light 5 It is an enlarged view of the part of the light guide 104 of 00.
- the basic configuration of the reflective liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 1 described above. Differs in the shape of the linear light guide (illumination element) 502.
- the reflective liquid crystal display element 105 and the light guide 104 are the same as those used in the first embodiment.
- the periodic direction R hd of the periodic structure 104 ⁇ of the light guide 104 is inclined with respect to the pixel repetition direction P vd
- the emission angle 01 is set to about 20 ° by setting the peak value direction based on the above equation (2).
- FIGS. 54 (a), 54 (b) and 54 (c) are a plan view, a front view and a side view, respectively, showing the structure of the linear light guide 502.
- (d) is an enlarged view of the prism-shaped portion of the linear light guide 502, and
- FIG. 54 (e) illustrates a state in which light is reflected by the reflecting portion 502f ⁇ 502g.
- FIG. Note that the point light source 45 1 a * 45 1 b is shown only in Fig. 54 (a), and is omitted in the others.
- This linear light guide 502 is different from the linear light guide 452 in Embodiment 8 (see FIG. 45 (a)) in that the prism (cut portion) 502 p has a different shape. Is different.
- the direction of the peak value of the luminance of the outgoing light is set such that the outgoing angle 01 is about 20 ° (first outgoing direction). Therefore, as shown in FIG. 54 (e), assuming light 75 that propagates in the linear light guide 452 in parallel with the emission surface 452c, this light 75 has an emission angle of about 1
- the prism angle S 1 2 5 2. Becomes The light that actually propagates in the linear light guide 452 is not only the light 75, but since the ratio of the light 75 is large, the emitted light can be set as described above. Can be set to approximately the emission angle 0 1 of about 20 °.
- the light 75 incident on the reflecting portion 502 g has a small incident angle and does not satisfy the condition of the total reflection, so that a part of the light 75 is transmitted.
- the prism angle 0 1 1 ⁇ 0 1 2 of the linear light guide 502 is in the range of 30 ° to 60 ° depending on the moiré prevention angle 0 (for example, 10 ° to 80 °). It is preferable to optimize by box.
- linear light guide 502 are the same as the linear light guide 45 2 of the eighth embodiment (see FIG. 45 (a)) except for the following specific numerical values. .
- the linear light guide 502 is formed so as to be substantially symmetric with respect to the center in the X-axis direction. Therefore, in the following, unless otherwise specified, the point light source 451a side from the center is used. Will be described only. However, the inclination direction of the prism 502 p is not symmetrical with respect to the center in the X-axis direction of the linear light guide 502, but is inclined in one direction. That is, the prism angles 11 1 and ⁇ 12 are constant in the entire linear light guide 502.
- the prism height di is formed so as to change according to the prism position X i, as in the eighth embodiment.
- the prism height di is small at both ends. It is formed so that the prism height di becomes larger near the center.
- the inclination angle d of the prism height is about 0.286 °.
- a linear light guide 502 was formed so as to have a shape satisfying the above conditions.
- Table 6 shows the shape of the linear light guide 502 actually manufactured.
- the unit of the numerical values in Table 6 is mm, and Table 6 shows the linear light guide 502 up to the 40th prism 502 p located at the center of the linear light guide 502. [Table 6]
- the prism occupancy of the linear light guide 502 expressed by the equation 3 is 25.9%.
- the luminance distribution in the peak value direction of the emitted light from the linear light guide 502 was measured by the same method as in Embodiment 8, and the luminance distribution was 1.8. Therefore, in the present linear light guide 502, a uniform linear light emitting state having no practical problem could be obtained.
- the light utilization efficiency of the above-described hindsight light guide 502 was measured by the same method as in Embodiment 8, the light utilization efficiency was about 70%. Therefore, in the present linear light guide 502, the light use efficiency was significantly improved.
- Planar light emission state by front light 500 (see Fig. 53 (a)) composed of main linear light guide 502, light guide 104 and diffuse reflection sheet 103
- the brightness of the light was measured to be 2.5 cd / m 2 , which is sufficient for practical use as an auxiliary lighting means.
- the angle between the periodic direction R hd and the repetition direction of the pixel pattern formed on the liquid crystal display element 105 is set to 14 °, and the linear light guide 5
- the prism 50 2 By forming the prism 50 2 at the two prisms at two different angles, moiré fringes can be prevented and the periodic structure of the inclined light guide 104 can be prevented.
- 4 f it is possible to efficiently provide light and provide a bright illumination device with excellent illumination uniformity.
- each prism 502p are set to be constant throughout the linear light guide 502, but the position of the linear light guide 502 is set. May be set differently. Thereby, the direction in which the peak value of the emission luminance from the linear light guide 502 appears can be set more flexibly.
- the prism angle 0 1 1 is set to a plurality of different angles instead of a constant value, light from the same point light source 501 a can be reflected in different directions and emitted. it can. Thereby, a plurality of directions in which the peak value of the emission luminance appears can be set. This makes it possible to further uniform the luminance of the light emitted in a planar light emission state from the light guide 104 and to improve the light use efficiency.
- the linear light guide 502 of the present embodiment has a point light source 45 la * 45 as shown in FIG. 54 (a) and FIG. 54 (e).
- lb force a columnar shape having an entrance surface 502 a into which the light is incident, an entrance surface (second human projection surface) 502 b, and an exit surface 502 c through which the incident light exits.
- the linear light guide 502 is there.
- the entrance surface 502 a and 502 b are strong and are provided at the longitudinal end surface of the linear light guide 502, and the exit surface 502 c is a linear light guide. It is provided in the longitudinal direction of 502.
- a plurality of prisms 502 p that reflect the incident light are arranged in a longitudinal direction on a surface 502 d of the linear light guide 502 opposite to the emission surface 502 c of the linear light guide 502. It is provided.
- This prism 502 p is a V-shaped groove composed of two planes (reflection section 502 f ⁇ 502 g), and these planes are mutually displaced with respect to the exit plane 502 c. It is formed at two or more different angles.
- light from the same light source (for example, the point light source 45 1 a) can be reflected in different directions, and it can be set so as to show peak values in a plurality of emission directions. It is possible.
- the main light guide 502 is used to irradiate the light guide 104 formed asymmetrically with respect to the incident surface, for example, to prevent the occurrence of moire fringes. This makes it possible to obtain light in a more uniform light-emitting state with higher light use efficiency.
- FIG. 55 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the reflective liquid crystal display device in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 56 (a) is a perspective view of a front light (illumination device) 5550 in the above-mentioned reflection type liquid crystal display device, and
- FIG. 56 (b) is a front light 5 It is a 5Q light guide (planar light guide) 554 enlarged view of the part.
- the reflective liquid crystal display device has the same basic configuration as that of the above-described eighth embodiment. However, in the present embodiment, a light guide 554 and a linear light guide are used. (Lighting element) The shape of 552 is different. Note that the same reflective liquid crystal display element 455 as that used in Embodiment 8 is used.
- the light guide 55 4 is emitted from the point light source 45 1 a * 45 1 b, and is a line from the incident surface 55 2 a and the incident surface (second incident surface) 55 2 b.
- the light is projected on the linear light guide 552, and is converted into a linear light-emitting state by the linear light guide 552, and is incident on the light guide 554.
- the pitch P d is 0.39 mm.
- the pitch of the propagating part 5 5 4 d is 0.38 mm
- the pitch of the reflecting part 5 5 4 e is P 2. 0.01 mm
- a periodic structure 555 ⁇ ⁇ is formed in which the height h of the prism formed by the transmission section 554 d and the reflection section 554 e is 0.01 mm. .
- the periodic direction R hd of the periodic structure 554 f of the light guide 554 is inclined with respect to the pixel repetition direction PV d, and the angle 5 is set to 23 °.
- the brightness of the emitted light converted into the linear light emitting state by the linear light guide 552 is improved. It is preferable to set the emission angle 1 to 35 ° based on Equation 2 above for the peak value direction.
- FIGS. 57 (a), 57 (b) and 57 (c) are a plan view, a front view and a side view, respectively, showing the structure of the linear light guide 552.
- (d) is an enlarged view of a prism-shaped portion of the linear light guide 552. Note that the point light source 45 1 a * 45 1 b is shown only in FIG. 57 (a), and is omitted in the others.
- This linear light guide 552 differs from the linear light guide 452 in Embodiment 8 (see FIG. 45 (a)) in the shape of the prism (cut portion) 5552p. ing.
- the angle formed by the reflecting portion 55 2 f ⁇ 55 2 g with respect to the facing surface 45 2 d is made equal, and the prism angle 0 1 1 ;
- FIG. 58 is a plan view of the front light 550 viewed from the opposing surface 554 c of the light guide 554. Note that FIG. 58 schematically illustrates a part of the light emitted from the linear light guide 552.
- the light propagates in the direction orthogonal to the periodic direction R hd in the body 554, the light is transmitted to the reflective liquid crystal display element 455 (see FIG. 55) by the reflecting portion 554 e (see FIG. 56 (b)).
- the light is reflected toward and effectively irradiates the reflective liquid crystal display element 455. That is, the use efficiency of light is improved by the presence of light 80.
- the light since the light propagates in a direction substantially parallel to the periodic direction R hd in the light guide 554, it is hardly affected by the reflection effect of the reflection portion 554 e (see FIG. 56 (b)). Therefore, the light reaches the side surface 554 h of the light guide 554 (here, the side surface on the side of the point light source 451 a), and is reflected by the side surface 554 h. Then, the light 81 reflected by the side surface 554 h propagates in a direction orthogonal to the periodic direction R hd.
- the light 81 reflected by the side surface 554 h propagates also in a region where the light 80 does not directly reach (a triangular region surrounded by a broken line in FIG. 58). It has the function of supplementing 80. Therefore, it is possible to make the distribution of light in a planar light emitting state emitted by the light guide 554 more uniform. You.
- the light guide 554 spreads throughout the light guide 554 by repeatedly reflecting inside. Therefore, even with the light 80, the distribution of the light in the planar light emission state emitted by the light guide 554 can be made uniform. Furthermore, the light distribution can be made uniform.
- the reflection efficiency with respect to the light 81 can be improved, which is preferable.
- linear light guide 552 Other shapes of the linear light guide 552 described above are the same as those of the linear light guide 452 in Embodiment 8 (see FIG. 45 (a)) except for the following specific numerical values. Are equivalent.
- the linear light guide 552 will be described more specifically with reference to FIGS. 57 (a) to 57 (b) again.
- the prism pitch pt of the linear light guide 552 is uniform as a whole, and here, pt is set to 1.0 mm. Further, the linear light guide 552 is formed so as to be symmetric with respect to the center in the X-axis direction. Therefore, only the point-like light emitting source 451a side from the center will be described below unless otherwise specified.
- the prism height di is formed so as to change in accordance with the prism position X i, as in Embodiment 8, and the prism height di is small at both ends of the entire linear light guide 552. In addition, the prism height di is formed so as to be closer to the center.
- a linear light guide 552 was manufactured so as to have a shape satisfying the above conditions.
- Table 7 shows the shape of the linear light guide 552 actually manufactured.
- the unit of the numerical values in Table 7 is mm, and Table 7 shows the linear light guides 552 up to the 40th prism 5552p located at the center.
- the prism occupancy defined by Equation 3 of the linear light guide 552 is 43.5%.
- the light utilization efficiency of the linear light guide 502 was measured by the same method as in Embodiment 8, the light utilization efficiency was about 78%.
- the luminance distribution on the emission surface 5554b of the light guide 5554 was 1.8 or less, and light in a very uniform planar light emission state could be generated.
- the front light 550 can form a uniform planar light emitting state and further improve the light use efficiency. It should be noted that the specific embodiments or examples made in the section of the best mode for carrying out the invention merely clarify the technical contents of the present invention, and such specific examples The present invention is not to be construed as being limited to only the above, but can be implemented with various modifications within the spirit of the present invention and the scope of the claims described below. Industrial applicability
- the display quality of an image display device requiring a light source can be improved. More specifically, while using a point-like light source capable of realizing low power consumption and a small space as a light source, the light from this light source is distributed efficiently and efficiently in a linear light-emitting state and area. By converting the light into a light emitting state, the display element can be irradiated with uniform and bright light.
- the above effects when combined with an image display element, the above effects can be achieved while preventing the occurrence of moiré fringes or the like that adversely affect image quality. it can.
- the above-described lighting device and the liquid crystal display device with the lighting device and the liquid crystal display device, it is possible to achieve a small size, low power consumption, suppression of the occurrence of moire fringes, and a uniform and bright image display. It is possible to provide a liquid crystal display device capable of performing the above.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2000585585A JP3810636B2 (en) | 1998-11-27 | 1999-11-24 | Illumination device, illumination element, front light, and liquid crystal display device |
CA002352949A CA2352949C (en) | 1998-11-27 | 1999-11-24 | Illuminator, illuminating device, front light, and liquid crystal display |
US09/856,657 US6940570B1 (en) | 1998-11-27 | 1999-11-24 | Lighting element for liquid crystal display |
EP99973111A EP1134488A4 (en) | 1998-11-27 | 1999-11-24 | Illuminator, illuminating device, front light, and liquid crystal display |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
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JP10/337456 | 1998-11-27 | ||
JP33745698 | 1998-11-27 | ||
JP11/38257 | 1999-02-17 | ||
JP3825799 | 1999-02-17 |
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WO2000032981A9 true WO2000032981A9 (en) | 2001-04-05 |
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PCT/JP1999/006548 WO2000032981A1 (en) | 1998-11-27 | 1999-11-24 | Illuminator, illuminating device, front light, and liquid crystal display |
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US (1) | US6940570B1 (en) |
EP (2) | EP1134488A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3810636B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100419373B1 (en) |
CN (3) | CN100349052C (en) |
CA (1) | CA2352949C (en) |
TW (1) | TW457468B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000032981A1 (en) |
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1999
- 1999-11-24 CN CNB031452620A patent/CN100349052C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-11-24 CN CNB998158771A patent/CN1134607C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-11-24 EP EP99973111A patent/EP1134488A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-11-24 CA CA002352949A patent/CA2352949C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-11-24 US US09/856,657 patent/US6940570B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-11-24 JP JP2000585585A patent/JP3810636B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-11-24 WO PCT/JP1999/006548 patent/WO2000032981A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-11-24 EP EP06009454A patent/EP1698918A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-11-24 KR KR10-2001-7006609A patent/KR100419373B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-11-24 CN CN2006101006053A patent/CN1877191B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-11-25 TW TW088120609A patent/TW457468B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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EP1134488A4 (en) | 2002-06-12 |
TW457468B (en) | 2001-10-01 |
JP3810636B2 (en) | 2006-08-16 |
KR20010086054A (en) | 2001-09-07 |
EP1698918A1 (en) | 2006-09-06 |
WO2000032981A1 (en) | 2000-06-08 |
CN1877191B (en) | 2011-08-17 |
US6940570B1 (en) | 2005-09-06 |
EP1134488A1 (en) | 2001-09-19 |
CN1134607C (en) | 2004-01-14 |
CA2352949C (en) | 2006-02-21 |
CN1877191A (en) | 2006-12-13 |
CN1480771A (en) | 2004-03-10 |
CN100349052C (en) | 2007-11-14 |
CN1334910A (en) | 2002-02-06 |
CA2352949A1 (en) | 2000-06-08 |
KR100419373B1 (en) | 2004-02-21 |
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