WO2000032494A1 - A packaging container with an opening device, knife apparatus and method to produce said container - Google Patents
A packaging container with an opening device, knife apparatus and method to produce said container Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000032494A1 WO2000032494A1 PCT/EP1999/007232 EP9907232W WO0032494A1 WO 2000032494 A1 WO2000032494 A1 WO 2000032494A1 EP 9907232 W EP9907232 W EP 9907232W WO 0032494 A1 WO0032494 A1 WO 0032494A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- edge
- segment
- container
- packaging container
- packaging
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D5/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
- B65D5/02—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper by folding or erecting a single blank to form a tubular body with or without subsequent folding operations, or the addition of separate elements, to close the ends of the body
- B65D5/06—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper by folding or erecting a single blank to form a tubular body with or without subsequent folding operations, or the addition of separate elements, to close the ends of the body with end-closing or contents-supporting elements formed by folding inwardly a wall extending from, and continuously around, an end of the tubular body
- B65D5/067—Gable-top containers
- B65D5/068—Gable-top containers with supplemental means facilitating the opening, e.g. tear lines, tear tabs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D5/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
- B65D5/02—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper by folding or erecting a single blank to form a tubular body with or without subsequent folding operations, or the addition of separate elements, to close the ends of the body
- B65D5/06—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper by folding or erecting a single blank to form a tubular body with or without subsequent folding operations, or the addition of separate elements, to close the ends of the body with end-closing or contents-supporting elements formed by folding inwardly a wall extending from, and continuously around, an end of the tubular body
- B65D5/064—Rectangular containers having a body with gusset-flaps folded outwardly or adhered to the side or the top of the container
- B65D5/065—Rectangular containers having a body with gusset-flaps folded outwardly or adhered to the side or the top of the container with supplemental means facilitating the opening, e.g. tear lines, tear tabs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes, or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
- B65D75/52—Details
- B65D75/58—Opening or contents-removing devices added or incorporated during package manufacture
- B65D75/5816—Opening or contents-removing devices added or incorporated during package manufacture for tearing a corner or other small portion next to the edge, e.g. a U-shaped portion
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a packaging container for pourable food products, comprising a laminated, tubular packaging material with two-opposed end portions that have been produced by sealing and cutting a continuous packaging material web between consecutive packages, wherein a line of perforations extends across a corner of one of said end portions to facilitate the opening of the container.
- the invention also relates to a knife apparatus for cutting the material web, as well as a method to produce the packaging container .
- the invention relates to the technical field of packaging of pourable food products, such as fruit juice, heat treated milk subjected to so-called UHT
- Such products are packaged in packages that are manufactured from a previously sterilised or sterile- treated packaging material .
- a typical example of this kind of package is • the tetrahedral packaging container for liquid or pourable food products, which is known by the name TETRA CLASSIC ASEPTIC (Registered Trade Mark) , which is manufactured by folding and sealing of a web-shaped laminated packaging material .
- the laminated packaging material comprises a support layer, made of e.g. fibrous material such as paper, coated on either side with a thermoplastic material such as polyethylene .
- a layer of barrier material such as e.g.
- tetrahedral packaging containers of the above-mentioned type, filling or packaging machines are fed with laminated packaging material in web form.
- the packaging material web is sterilised in the packaging machine by the application of a chemical sterilisation agent such as e.g. hydrogen peroxide solution.
- a chemical sterilisation agent such as e.g. hydrogen peroxide solution.
- the sterilisation agent is removed from the surfaces of the packaging material, for example, it may be vaporised by heating.
- the sterilised packaging material is folded and longitudinally sealed to form a tube, which is filled with sterile-treated food product.
- the tube passes between two pairs of endless chains bearing sealing members which clamp and seal the tube therebetween to produce a first sealed band of material extending in a first direction, and a second sealed band of material extending in a perpendicular direction.
- the resulting packages have a tetrahedral shape .
- the sealed packaging material bands are cut between consecutive filled and sealed tetrahedral packages .
- An example of this type of packaging machine is the TETRA CLASSIC ASEPTIC (Registered Trade Mark) filling machine, manufactured by Tetra Pak Stalvall, in Partille, Sweden.
- One solution consists in the provision of a line of perforations, partially penetrating the outer layers of the laminated packaging material but leaving the internal barrier layer or layers intact , and extending across a corner of the package. By cutting or tearing along the perforations, the package was opened, and the contents could be poured from the package.
- a line of perforations partially penetrating the outer layers of the laminated packaging material but leaving the internal barrier layer or layers intact , and extending across a corner of the package.
- the package was opened, and the contents could be poured from the package.
- Another solution consisted in the provision of a hole formed in the package and covered by a pull-tab applied over the opening.
- One of the objects of the invention is to provide better means for opening a packaging container having a tear-off corner. Another object is to improve the aseptic properties of this type of container. Still another object of the invention is to avoid production of waste material .
- the packaging container according to invention is characterized in that the cut edge of the end fin portion with the line of perforations is provided with a bend, so that a first segment of the cut edge extends more close to the product-filled part of the container than a second segment of the cut edge, wherein the second segment of the cut edge, which is more distant from the product- filled part of the container than the first segment, forms a grip-tab for opening the perforated corner.
- This grip-tab equipped corner makes it much easier to open the packaging container, both by providing a clear indication to which of the corners of the container that is provided with the tear-off facility, and by providing a larger grip surface for the fingers.
- the protruding grip-tab provides a better leverage for initiating the tear-off.
- the cut edge bend is located near the line of perforations. It is possible to cut both ends of the packaging container with identical knife means by providing the cut edge of the other end portion with a corresponding bend.
- the packaging container may be a tetrahedral packaging container, a parallelepiped packaging container, a wedge-shaped packaging container, or a non-folded pillow-shaped packaging container.
- a knife apparatus is characterized in a cutting knife edge comprising a first edge segment and a second edge segment which is laterally displaced with reference to the first edge segment, and that the two edge segments are interconnected by means of a third edge segment which extends at an angle between said two edge segments .
- This knife apparatus makes it possible to cut the sealed web portion between consecutive packaging containers in a single operation, to provide a grip-tab without producing any waste material .
- the angle between the first edge segment and the third edge segment may be between 90° and 145° and more
- the angle is about 120° .
- the knife edge also comprises a fourth edge segment extending in a laterally opposing direction away from the third edge segment .
- the angle between the first edge segment and this fourth edge segment may be between 90° and 145°.
- the segments of the knife edge are preferably arranged in the same plane .
- a counterdie is provided for cooperation with the knife edge during the cutting operation, which may be manufactured from a thermosetting plastic.
- the thermosetting plastic is polyurethane .
- the method in accordance with the invention is characterized in the step of cutting the packaging material between two sealings in the sealed area between two containers, to simultaneously produce a trailing edge of a preceding container and a front edge of a following container, wherein each of the corresponding cut edges is provided with a bend, so that a first segment of the cut edge extends close to the product- filled part of one of said containers, and that a second segment of the cut edge extends close to the product- filled part of the other container.
- one of the wider cut edge end portions of the container is located at the end portion corner having the line of perforations, so that this corner forms a grip-tab. More precisely, the bend may be laterally located with reference to the sealed web, so that the grip-tab end portion ends near the perforations .
- FIG. 1 is a side view showing a tetrahedral packaging container according to a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a knife apparatus according to the invention, for cutting a material web to produce a packaging container according to FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is an elevation view of the knife apparatus of FIG. 2 showing the knife edge;
- FIG. 4 is a side view showing the knife apparatus in operative position
- FIG. 5 is a side view showing a part of a parallelepiped packaging container according to a second embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 6 is a side view showing a wedge-shaped packaging container according to a third embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 7 is a side view showing a non-folded pillow- shaped packaging container according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
- the tetrahedral container 10 shown in FIG.l is essentially of a conventional type, having two sealed fin portions 11 and 12 and an intermediate product filled container portion 13. One of the four corners of the container is provided with a perforation 14 that partially penetrates the outer layers of the laminated packaging material but leaves the internal barrier layer or layers intact.
- the fin portion 11 is provided with a protruding grip-tab 11a, which is located at the corner which is provided with the perforation 14.
- the grip-tab 11a has been produced by cutting the fin so that the cut edge portion lib of its remaining part, i.e. except the cut edge portion lie of the grip-tab 11a, extends close to or immediately along the sealing weld 15 that seals the fin portion 11.
- the cut edge portions lib and lie are interconnected by means of a bent cut edge portion lid.
- the intersection between the bent edge portion lid and the edge portion lib is provided with a notch 16 into the perforation 14.
- the fin portion 11 has a shorter segment where the fin is wide and a longer segment where the fin is narrow.
- identical knives 17, of which one is shown in FIG. 2 and 3 a single cut is made at each end of the container, without generating any packaging material waste.
- the packaging material that has been "removed" from the fin portion 11 with the grip-tab is now transferred to the opposite fin portion 12, which has a longer segment where the fin is wide and a shorter segment where the fin is narrow.
- the knife 17 for cutting the sealed bands of packaging material between consecutive packages in the packaging machine has a first linear segment 17a for cutting the unsealed part of the fin (i.e. the outermost part of the fin which remains unsealed) from the sealed part of the fin (located adjacent the product filled part of the package) along a linear tract.
- the knife also has a second shaped segment 17b for leaving a protruding grip-tab at one end of the fin, and a third intermediate segment 17c including an angled cutting edge 17d for forming a pre-cut tearing line between the grip-tab and the linear tract.
- FIG. 4 shows four knives 17 that are mounted with equal angular distribution around the circumference of a first rotatable member 18.
- a corresponding number of counterdies 19 are mounted in the same manner around the circumference of a second rotatable member 20, so that each knife cooperates with a corresponding counterdie .
- the concept of the present invention is of course also applicable to other types of packaging containers for pourable food products , for example to packaging containers 10', 10'', 10''' shown in Figures 5, 6, 7 and respectively known by the names TETRA BRIK, TETRA WEDGE and TETRA FINO (Registered Trade Marks) .
- Packaging container 10' presents a parallelepiped shape and has a product-filled part 13' corresponding to the part 13 of packaging container 10 and delimited by end walls 25, first lateral walls 26 and second lateral walls 27 wider than first lateral wall 26 .
- Packaging container 10' has two sealed fin portions 28 (only one of which is shown) parallel one another and similar to fin portions 11, 12 of packaging container 10.
- Each fin portion 28 presents a main portion 29 folded on a relative end wall 28 and opposite corner portions 30 folded on respective first lateral walls 26 and having a substantially triangular shape.
- One of the corner portions 30 is provided with the perforation 14 and the protruding grip-tab 11a according to the present invention, described in detail above with reference to packaging container 10.
- Packaging container 10'' presents a wedge shape and has a product-filled part 13'' corresponding to the part 13 of packaging container 10 and delimited by a bottom rectangular wall 31, a pair of isosceles trapezoidal-shaped lateral walls 32 projecting from wall 31 and having the minor side adjacent to wall 31 itself, and a pair of triangular-shaped lateral walls 33 projecting from wall 31 and joined to walls 32 to form a wedge 34.
- Packaging container 10'' has two sealed fin portions 35 (only one of which is visible in Figure 6) similar to fin portions 11, 12 of packaging container 10; one (not shown) of fin portions 35 is folded on wall 31, whilst the other one defines the wedge 34 and is provided with the perforation 14 and the protruding grip-tab 11a according to the present invention, described in detail above with reference to packaging container 10.
- Packaging container 10''' ( Figure 7) comprises a non-folded pillow-shaped product-filled part 13''' corresponding to the part 13 of packaging container 10 and delimited by opposite sealed fin portions 36, 37 similar to fin portions 11, 12; a corner of fin portion 36 is provided with the perforation 14 and the grip-tab 11a according to the present invention, described in detail above with reference to packaging container 10.
- the invention is in no way limited to the shown embodiments but can be varied in a number ways within the scope of the appended claims.
- these means may be mounted on respective sets of chains.
- the sealing arrangements for forming the packages may perform the sealing operation substantially simultaneously with the cutting operation.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Packging For Living Organisms, Food Or Medicinal Products That Are Sensitive To Environmental Conditiond (AREA)
- Cartons (AREA)
- Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
- Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
- Supplying Of Containers To The Packaging Station (AREA)
- Bag Frames (AREA)
- Making Paper Articles (AREA)
- Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT99950571T ATE247041T1 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 1999-09-29 | PACKAGING CONTAINER WITH OPENING DEVICE |
CA002343290A CA2343290C (en) | 1998-11-30 | 1999-09-29 | A packaging container with an opening device, knife apparatus and method to produce said container |
DE69910428T DE69910428T2 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 1999-09-29 | PACKAGING CONTAINER WITH OPENING DEVICE |
AU63304/99A AU6330499A (en) | 1998-11-30 | 1999-09-29 | A packaging container with an opening device, knife apparatus and method to produce said container |
EP99950571A EP1135309B1 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 1999-09-29 | A packaging container with an opening device |
BRPI9915740-3A BR9915740B1 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 1999-09-29 | packaging container for spilled foodstuffs. |
DK99950571T DK1135309T3 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 1999-09-29 | Packaging container with an opening device |
HK02104344A HK1042679A1 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 2002-06-10 | A packaging container with an opening device, knife apparatus and method to produce said container |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE9804121-3 | 1998-11-30 | ||
SE9804121A SE519009C2 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 1998-11-30 | A packaging container, a knife device for cutting the fabric web, and a method for making the packaging container |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000032494A1 true WO2000032494A1 (en) | 2000-06-08 |
Family
ID=20413479
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1999/007232 WO2000032494A1 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 1999-09-29 | A packaging container with an opening device, knife apparatus and method to produce said container |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1135309B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1131821C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE247041T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU6330499A (en) |
BR (1) | BR9915740B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2343290C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69910428T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1135309T3 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1042679A1 (en) |
ID (1) | ID28815A (en) |
MY (1) | MY121374A (en) |
SE (1) | SE519009C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000032494A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3127830A4 (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2018-02-28 | Da Silva, Edilberto Acácio | Structural arrangement applied to packaging |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE533300C2 (en) * | 2008-12-15 | 2010-08-17 | Ecolean Res & Dev As | Device for removing an end seal |
DE102009022045A1 (en) | 2009-05-16 | 2010-11-18 | Vita Pak Ug | Packaging container for solids e.g. sugar, has inner bag comprising emptying opening and connected to surface of outer casing that forms part of outer surfaces of container, where container is designed in stackable manner |
WO2010133212A1 (en) | 2009-05-16 | 2010-11-25 | Vita Pak Ug | Packaging container for solid matter |
DE102010011208A1 (en) | 2010-03-09 | 2011-09-15 | Vita Pak Ug | packaging system |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2314106A1 (en) * | 1975-06-11 | 1977-01-07 | Ziristor Ab | Plastics or cardboard liquid container - is rectangular with integral pourer closed by central tab (SW030177) |
FR2329518A1 (en) * | 1975-11-03 | 1977-05-27 | Automatisme & Technique | Laminated cardboard carton opening arrangement - has perforated tear off strip formed at one end of container top with wall separated to form spout |
EP0018694A1 (en) * | 1979-05-08 | 1980-11-12 | Ab Tetra Pak | Packing containers with pouring spout |
EP0019324A1 (en) * | 1979-05-10 | 1980-11-26 | Ab Tetra Pak | Parallelepipedic packing container |
DE3038798A1 (en) * | 1979-12-10 | 1981-06-11 | American Can Co., Greenwich, Conn. | LIQUID-TIGHT CARDBOARD, CARTON CUTTING AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE CARTON |
GB2133776A (en) * | 1983-01-14 | 1984-08-01 | Linnich Papier & Kunststoff | Opening devices for cartons |
EP0659645A1 (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 1995-06-28 | SIG Schweizerische Industrie-Gesellschaft | Device for making groups of interconnected tubular bags |
DE29516496U1 (en) * | 1995-10-18 | 1996-04-18 | Bischof & Klein | Bags made of thermoplastic plastic film |
FR2752414A1 (en) * | 1996-08-14 | 1998-02-20 | Thimonnier Sa | Flexible packaging for pastes or liquids |
-
1998
- 1998-11-30 SE SE9804121A patent/SE519009C2/en unknown
-
1999
- 1999-07-27 MY MYPI99003151A patent/MY121374A/en unknown
- 1999-09-29 DK DK99950571T patent/DK1135309T3/en active
- 1999-09-29 DE DE69910428T patent/DE69910428T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-29 CA CA002343290A patent/CA2343290C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-09-29 ID IDW00200101147A patent/ID28815A/en unknown
- 1999-09-29 CN CN99813870.3A patent/CN1131821C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-09-29 WO PCT/EP1999/007232 patent/WO2000032494A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-09-29 AU AU63304/99A patent/AU6330499A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-09-29 BR BRPI9915740-3A patent/BR9915740B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-09-29 EP EP99950571A patent/EP1135309B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-29 AT AT99950571T patent/ATE247041T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-06-10 HK HK02104344A patent/HK1042679A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2314106A1 (en) * | 1975-06-11 | 1977-01-07 | Ziristor Ab | Plastics or cardboard liquid container - is rectangular with integral pourer closed by central tab (SW030177) |
FR2329518A1 (en) * | 1975-11-03 | 1977-05-27 | Automatisme & Technique | Laminated cardboard carton opening arrangement - has perforated tear off strip formed at one end of container top with wall separated to form spout |
EP0018694A1 (en) * | 1979-05-08 | 1980-11-12 | Ab Tetra Pak | Packing containers with pouring spout |
EP0019324A1 (en) * | 1979-05-10 | 1980-11-26 | Ab Tetra Pak | Parallelepipedic packing container |
DE3038798A1 (en) * | 1979-12-10 | 1981-06-11 | American Can Co., Greenwich, Conn. | LIQUID-TIGHT CARDBOARD, CARTON CUTTING AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE CARTON |
GB2133776A (en) * | 1983-01-14 | 1984-08-01 | Linnich Papier & Kunststoff | Opening devices for cartons |
EP0659645A1 (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 1995-06-28 | SIG Schweizerische Industrie-Gesellschaft | Device for making groups of interconnected tubular bags |
DE29516496U1 (en) * | 1995-10-18 | 1996-04-18 | Bischof & Klein | Bags made of thermoplastic plastic film |
FR2752414A1 (en) * | 1996-08-14 | 1998-02-20 | Thimonnier Sa | Flexible packaging for pastes or liquids |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3127830A4 (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2018-02-28 | Da Silva, Edilberto Acácio | Structural arrangement applied to packaging |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69910428T2 (en) | 2004-06-24 |
SE519009C2 (en) | 2002-12-23 |
BR9915740A (en) | 2001-08-14 |
CN1328519A (en) | 2001-12-26 |
SE9804121L (en) | 2000-05-31 |
ID28815A (en) | 2001-07-05 |
CA2343290C (en) | 2008-09-23 |
HK1042679A1 (en) | 2002-08-23 |
BR9915740B1 (en) | 2008-11-18 |
EP1135309A1 (en) | 2001-09-26 |
CA2343290A1 (en) | 2000-06-08 |
MY121374A (en) | 2006-01-28 |
DK1135309T3 (en) | 2003-11-24 |
AU6330499A (en) | 2000-06-19 |
EP1135309B1 (en) | 2003-08-13 |
SE9804121D0 (en) | 1998-11-30 |
CN1131821C (en) | 2003-12-24 |
DE69910428D1 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
ATE247041T1 (en) | 2003-08-15 |
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