WO2000027683A1

WO2000027683A1 - Direct steering control device provided with an acceleration and/or breaking mechanism and anchoring system for a wheel-chair for a vehicle

Info

Publication number: WO2000027683A1
Application number: PCT/IB1999/001788
Authority: WO
Inventors: Carlos NUÑEZ GONZALEZ
Original assignee: Nunez Gonzalez Carlos
Priority date: 1998-11-06
Filing date: 1999-11-08
Publication date: 2000-05-18
Also published as: ES1041517U; ES1041517Y

Abstract

Direct steering control device (1) with acceleration and/or breaking actuator, wherein the control element (2) is hinged to the upper extremity of the steering column (10) through a first part (3) secured to the control element (2) and a second part (4) arranged to the steering column (10); the first and second parts are hinged to each other by means of an articulation pin (9) in such a way that the first part (3) can pivot with respect to the second part (4); the first part (3) is also coupled at a first area (3a) to a first transmission element (5) which actuates the breaking mechanism or the acceleration mechanism. The invention also discloses a system for anchoring a wheel-chair to the platform of a vehicle.

Description

A DIRECT ATTACK DIRECTION COMMAND DEVICE,

WITH AN ACCELERATION AND / OR BRAKING ACTION MECHANISM,

AND ANCHOR SYSTEM FOR A WHEELCHAIR, FOR A

VEHICLE TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention encompasses in the field of vehicles adapted for people with disabilities in at least one of its lower extremities, and especially to vehicles adapted for paraplegic people in wheelchairs.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

It is known that thanks to the increasing integration of people with physical disabilities in today's society, more and more objects of daily life are being developed specifically adapted to be capable of being used by people with physical disabilities. Among these objects are vehicles adapted to the transport of and / or driving by people with such disabilities, whether they are conventional vehicles with certain specially adapted elements or vehicles specifically designed for such persons.

Some of the critical points of vehicles adapted to people in wheelchairs are access to the vehicle, means for controlling acceleration and braking, and anchoring the wheelchair in the vehicle.

Spanish patent application ES-A-2113776 describes a vehicle for the physically disabled in which the person has access to the vehicle by a folding ramp at the rear of the vehicle so that the user can access and move with his wheelchair to the driving position, where you can immobilize the wheels of the wheelchair. In the driving position, a joystick is arranged whose rotation drives the direction of the vehicle that also has, among other elements, an accelerator trigger and a brake button.

The acceleration and braking system described in Spanish patent application ES-A-2113776, although innovative and efficient, requires a relatively complex structure and elements, whose assembly is not entirely simple, therefore it has the disadvantage of being relatively expensive .

On the other hand, the immobilization of the wheelchair described in the Spanish patent application ES-A-2113776 is carried out by means of universal anchors. Such universal anchors press the wheelchair onto the floor of the vehicle by means of fasteners that attach to the wheels of the wheelchair. In view of the elasticity of the wheelchairs of the wheelchairs, and taking into account the effort exerted on the fixing mechanism, the immobilization by means of a universal anchorage has the disadvantage of not providing a completely immobile fastener since, in the braking and acceleration phases and when driving in curves, the elasticity of the tires allows longitudinal and transverse movements that give the user a floating sensation and lack of firmness of the support of his wheelchair, and, therefore, a feeling of lack of security.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The present invention aims to overcome the drawbacks described above with respect to the prior art. Thus, as regards the acceleration and braking controls, the object of the invention is to provide a device of simple and reliable structure that is easy to assemble in the vehicle.

Moreover, as regards the fixing of the wheelchair inside the vehicle, the invention has The objective is to provide a fixing system that allows rigid immobilization that is simple, fast, inexpensive and easy to operate.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION To achieve the objects defined above, the present invention provides a direct attack steering control device, with an acceleration and / or braking actuator mechanism, comprising a control element, operable by a user, arranged in a steering column connected to a steering mechanism; a command transmission mechanism that transmits commands imparted by the user in the control element, to a braking mechanism, to an acceleration mechanism, or to a braking and acceleration mechanism, of the vehicle, where the control element is articulated to the upper end of the steering column through an articulated mechanism comprising a first part fixedly attached to the control element and a second part arranged in the steering column, the first and second parts being articulated with each other on an articulation axis , such that the first piece is tiltable in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the steering column; the first part is further coupled in a first area opposite the articulation axis, to a first end of at least one first transmission element acting on the braking mechanism or on the acceleration mechanism and at least partially coaxial to the longitudinal axis of the steering column, so that when the user tilts the control element, the first transmission element makes a displacement in a coaxial direction to the steering column and drives the braking mechanism or the acceleration mechanism. Preferably, the first transmission element is used to actuate the braking mechanism, so that, as the control element is tilted forward or backward, a progressive traction or a progressive traction is exerted through the articulated mechanism push on the first transmission element and, therefore, on the braking mechanism, which in turn causes progressive braking or progressive release of the brakes. In this embodiment, it is preferably provided that the control element also has an independent acceleration actuator, such as a trigger connected to the acceleration mechanism in a conventional manner in addition to other control elements, for example as described by example in the Spanish patent application ES-A-2113776.

In a first embodiment of the invention, the first transmission element extends externally along the steering column, through at least a first guide disposed in the second piece and facing the first area of the first piece. Preferably, the first transmission element is a flexible cable or a rigid rod articulated to the first zone of the first piece. In this case, a cover attached to the first guide is preferably provided, through which the cable or the rod moves.

In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the steering column has an axial cavity through which the first transmission element extends in which case the first area of the first piece faces said cavity, in order to allow the element of transmission can penetrate directly into said axial cavity.

Preferably, the first transmission element drives the braking mechanism although it can also be actuated alternately to operate the acceleration mechanism.

In a further embodiment of the device, the first part also has a second zone opposite the first zone, coupled to a first end of a second transmission element acting on the acceleration mechanism or on the braking mechanism, which is not being operated by the first transmission element and at least partially coaxial to the longitudinal axis of the steering column, such that, when the user tilts the control element, the second transmission element makes a coaxial displacement to the steering column and actuates the braking mechanism or the acceleration mechanism not actuated by the first transmission element. In this embodiment, the second transmission element is preferably a flexible cable or a rigid rod articulated to the second zone of the first piece, which extends, preferably inside a sheath attached to the second guide, externally along the steering column, through at least a second guide arranged in the second piece and facing the second zone of the first piece. According to this embodiment, for example, the first transmission element may extend along the upper part of the steering column and be connected to the brake mechanism, and the second element may extend along the lower part of the steering column. direction and be connected to the acceleration mechanism, such that, when the control element is pushed forward, the first transmission element pushes on the braking mechanism and, simultaneously, the second transmission element pulls on the accelerator mechanism , in this way the brakes are applied and acceleration is not carried out, while when the control element is pulled, the inverse effect occurs.

The control element can be a steering wheel, a semi-front or a vertical handle, that is, an element that in addition to being able to make a turning movement, can swing with respect to the longitudinal axis and thus push and pull the transmission element (s).

In accordance with the above, the steering control element is connected to a direct attack mechanism, that is, the steering control rotates within a maximum radius of approximately 180 ° to command the maximum right turn to the steering mechanism. and to the left.

The steering, braking and acceleration mechanisms as such may be of the type described in Spanish patent application ES-A-2113776, so that its operation only requires a physical effort that allows the user to drive the vehicle with comfort . On the other hand, the invention also relates to a wheelchair on a platform of a vehicle, comprising at least two ratchet mechanisms, each arranged in a housing arranged on said platform, in which interlocking interlocking elements respectively emerging from at least two clamps attached to opposite lower tubes and perpendicular to the wheel axles of the wheelchair. Each interlocking element is immobilized in each of the ratchet mechanisms, specifically by a lower part wider than its upper part, and in the corresponding housing, each housing presenting, lateral guiding means that guide the interlocking element.

In a first embodiment, the ratchet mechanism comprises a ratchet that swivels on an axis. horizontal, and the interlocking element comprises two bolts spaced apart and joined in its lower part by a bridge, the interlocking element being retained by the ratchet mechanism in said bridge.

In a second embodiment, the ratchet mechanism comprises a ratchet and a fastener, where the ratchet swings on a vertical axis, and the interlocking element is a bolt emerging from the clamp, the lower end of which has an outstanding part, such as for example a wall, of the perimeter of the bolt.

In a third embodiment, the ratchet mechanism comprises a fastener, and a ratchet that swings on a horizontal axis, and the interlocking element is at least one stud that emerges laterally from the bolt.

Preferably, the lateral guidance means in the housing comprise an upper groove with an open inlet in the direction opposite to the ratchet, through which the upper part of the locking element can be moved, in addition to at least one, preferably two, opposite centering walls which extend from the entrance of the slot in the opposite direction to the ratchet. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, each centering wall moves away, in the direction opposite to the ratchet, from the longitudinal axis of the groove. Centering walls may be constituted, for example, by vertical plates.

In a preferred embodiment, the ratchet mechanism is coupled to a first release and locking mechanism arranged in the vehicle and comprising a cable with a first end connected to the mechanism fastener and with a second end connected to a pulling element whose traction unlocks the ratchet mechanism. In this embodiment, the pulling element may be connected to a vehicle access ramp, such that when said ramp is lowered, the ratchet mechanism is unlocked while when the ramp is raised, said mechanism is locked.

As an alternative to a purely mechanical operation, the ratchet mechanism may also comprise an electromechanical or electromagnet, or pneumatic, system that acts on the fixator or on the same ratchet, in the ratchet mechanism.

The operation of the anchoring system is as follows. When advancing the wheelchair on the vehicle platform, the centering walls direct the locking elements towards the ratchet mechanism which, once the locking elements reach their final position, actuate the ratchet mechanism which, therefore, it locks firmly and rigidly the interlocking elements inside the interlocking.

It should be noted that, in order to achieve maximum rigidity in the immobilization of the wheelchair, it is convenient that the interlocking elements and, therefore, the ratchet mechanisms, be in offset positions with respect to each other.

From the above description it follows that by incorporating the control device and the anchoring system described above, in a vehicle of the type described for example in Spanish patent application ES-A-2113776, a particularly suitable vehicle is achieved for people with disabilities in their lower extremities. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Several embodiments of the invention will now be described based on the figures that are an integral part of the present specification, in which the Figure 1 is a top perspective view of the control device according to a first embodiment of the invention;

Figure 2 is a side view of the device shown in Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a rear view of the device shown in Figures 1 and 2;

Figure 4 is a partially sectioned side view of the device according to a second embodiment; Figure 4 is a rear view of the device shown in Figures 1 and 2;

Figure 6 is a top perspective view of the control device shown in Figures 1 and 2;

Figure 7 is a side sectional view of the control element shown in Figure 4;

Figure 8 is a front and top perspective view showing an embodiment of the anchoring system applied to the platform inside a vehicle and a wheelchair; Figure 9 is a top perspective view showing in more detail the clamp and interlocking element illustrated in Figure 8;

Figure 10 is a top perspective view of the housing in which the ratchet mechanism shown in Figure 8 is arranged;

Figure 11 is a front and top perspective view showing another embodiment of the anchoring system applied to the platform inside a vehicle and a wheelchair; Figure 12 is a partial side view of the anchoring system illustrated in Figure 11;

Figure 13 is a partial top perspective view showing in more detail some of the elements shown in Figure 12; Figure 14 is a partial side view showing a further embodiment of the anchoring system with the ratchet mechanism in the open position;

Figure 15 is a partial side view showing a further embodiment of the anchoring system with the ratchet mechanism in the locked position.

In these figures, numerical references appear that identify the following elements:

I control device 2 control element

3 first piece of the articulated mechanism

4 second piece of the articulated mechanism

5 first transmission element 5a second transmission element 6 sheath for the first transmission element

6th case for the first transmission element

7 longitudinal axis of the steering column

8 handle of the control element

9 articulation shaft 10 trigger

II trigger tilt shaft

12 independent throttle cable

13 independent throttle cable sheath

14 wheelchair 14th front wheel

14b rear wheel

15 lower tubes

16 clamps

17 interlocking element 17a first bolt

17b second bolt

17c bridge

17d bolt with side stud

17e side stud 18 bolt 19 Walloon

20 vehicle platform

21 accommodation

22 slot 23 centering wall

24 ratchet mechanism 24th ratchet

24b fixative

25 access ramp 26 shooter

27 drive rod

28 brake pump

29 vehicle frame

30 drive cable 31 swivel shaft

32 first plate

33 second plate

34 release cable

35 ratchet pivot shaft 36 fixator pivot shaft

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of the control device 1 according to the present invention. It can be seen that the control element 2 by which the user imparts his commands comprises a handle 8 at its free end and an end fixedly connected to a first piece 3 which in turn is articulated with a second piece 4 fixedly connected to the column of steering 10, so that the first and the second piece an articulated mechanism that allows the control element 2 to swing with respect to the longitudinal axis of the steering column 10.

In Figure 2, it can also be seen that the first piece 3 has a first zone 3a, opposite the articulation axis 9 to a first transmission element 5a, namely a cable, which crosses a first guide 4a of the second piece 4 which in turn is connected to a sheath 6, in a conventional manner. It can also be appreciated that, in the embodiment shown in Figure 2, a second transmission element 5a connected to a second zone 3b of the first part 3 is also provided, which, analogously to that described with respect to the first transmission element 5, crosses a second guide 4b connected to a sheath 6a. When the first element 5 and / or the second transmission element 5a is a rod instead of a cable, it is articulated in the first zone 3a of the first part 3a of the articulated mechanism.

In Figure 3 several of the elements already described with respect to Figures 1 and 2 can be seen, namely the control element 2, the handle 8, the first part 3 of the articulated mechanism, and the articulation axis 9.

From figures 1 to 3 it follows that when the control element 2 is turned to the right and to the left, the steering column 10 is also rotated, while when the control element 2 is tilted forward, the first transmission element 5, which can be connected, for example, to an acceleration mechanism while, if the control element 2 is pulled back, the transmission element is pulled, thus being able to command the acceleration or deceleration of the vehicle. When the second transmission element 5a is provided, it is connected to that of the acceleration or braking mechanisms, to which the first transmission element is not connected, such as to the braking mechanism, such that, when activated the control element 2 to decelerate, from a certain moment of the tilt not only the deceleration occurs but also the braking mechanism is activated. Figures 4 to 6 show a second embodiment of the control device according to the present invention, in which the control element 2 connected to the first part 3 articulated by the axis 9 to the second part 4 thus forming the articulated mechanism. In this embodiment, the first transmission element 5 is a rod that extends inside the steering column 10 and which, at one of its ends, is articulated in the first zone 3a of the first piece 3 while its second end it operates the brake pump 28. It can also be seen that the handle 8 includes a trigger 10 for actuating an independent throttle cable that slides in a sheath 13, the latter being itself conventional. In figures 5 and 6 it can be seen that the control element 2 is a semi-front.

The figure and shows an embodiment of a mechanism actuated by the trigger 10 disposed in the handle 8. Thus, the trigger 10 rotates in a tilt shaft 11 and is connected, at the opposite end to the one the user presses, to a power cable. throttle 12 running inside the sheath 13.

Figures 8 to 15 show embodiments of the anchoring system according to the present invention. Thus, Figure 8 shows a wheelchair 14 with front wheels 14 and rear wheels 14b, before accessing a platform 20 that forms the floor of a vehicle. In the lower tubes 15 of the wheelchair 14, two clamps 16 are disposed from which, respectively, the respective interlocking elements 17 emerge. On the platform 20, housings 21 with centering walls 23 open towards the chair access direction are arranged. of wheels 14. It can be seen that the housings 21 are arranged in such form that can receive one of the interlocking elements 17.

Figure 9 shows an embodiment of the interlocking elements 17, consisting of a bolt 18 that emerges from the clamp 16 located in the lower tube 15 of the wheelchair, and which is inferiorly topped in a wall 19.

In figure 10 it can be seen in more detail how the centering walls 23 define a centering space that leads to the entrance of a groove 22 in the upper base of the housing 21. In this way, the pin 18 with its wall 19, when advances the wheelchair 14 towards the housing 22, is guided and centered by the walls 23 towards the interior of the housing 21, where it interlocks and is retained by the ratchet mechanism 24.

Figure 11 shows, in addition to the elements already illustrated in Figure 8, a retractable ramp 25 arranged next to the platform 20 in the frame 29 of the vehicle. In addition, Figure 11 also illustrates clamps 16 of a different configuration to that shown in Figure 8, consisting of blocks that emerge in the opposite direction to that of wheels 14a, 14b. It can also be seen that the housings 21 are arranged on the platform 20, in offset transverse axes with respect to the longitudinal axis of the platform 20. This offset produces, in accordance with the above described, a greater rigidity in the fixing of the chair of wheels 14.

Figure 12 shows a different embodiment of the interlocking elements that emerge inferiorly from each of the clamps 16, consisting of a first bolt 17a and a second bolt 17b, joined at their lower ends by a bridge 17c. This arrangement of the elements 17a, 17b, 17c, when entering the housing 21, interlocks in the ratchet mechanism 24 itself conventional. The ratchet mechanism 24 is connected with a handle 26 arranged laterally in the proximal part of the ramp 25, through a drive cable 30 and a spring 27, such that when the access ramp is lowered, the ratchet mechanism is open and when it is raised the ramp, the ratchet mechanism is locked. Figure 13 illustrates in more detail the connection of the cable 30, to a rotating mechanism comprising a rotating shaft 31 in which a first plate 32 is arranged to which, through the spring 27, the pull wire 30 is connected, a second plate 33 perpendicular to the first plate 32, and connected at one of its ends to a release cable 34 which, when pulled, acts by unlocking the ratchet mechanism 24. Figures 14 and 15 schematically illustrate a further embodiment of the ratchet mechanism and of its coupling to the handle 26 arranged in the ramp 25. Thus, Figure 14 shows the ratchet mechanism composed of a ratchet 24a and a fastener 24b in the open position to give entry to an interlocking element constituted by a bolt 17d of which a lateral bust 17e emerges laterally. It can also be seen that the ratchet 24a is rotatable on a pivot axis 35 while the fastener pivots on a pivot axis 36. The fastener 24b is also connected, by means of a drive rod 28, to the handle 26. As shown in the Fig. 15, when the side stud 15 has entered the housing 21 and has pushed and rotated the ratchet 24 to its locked position, and when the ramp 25 is raised, the rod 28 pushes and retains the fastener 24b, and therefore the ratchet 24a, in its locked positions.

Obviously, when the ramp 25 is opened, the rod 28 pushes and holds the fastener 24b in its unlocked position, thereby releasing the ratchet. 24a in such a way that it can pivot freely when, when the lateral stud 17e moves backwards.

Based on the previously described embodiments based on the attached drawings, it is apparent that the invention is made up of elements of great simplicity as well as with great robustness and a high degree of reliability and safety.

Claims

1. A direct attack steering control device (1), with an acceleration and / or braking actuator mechanism, comprising a control element (2), operable by a user, arranged in a steering column (10 ) connected to a steering mechanism; a command transmission mechanism (5.5a) of commands that transmits commands imparted by the user in the control element (2), to a braking mechanism, an acceleration mechanism, or a braking and acceleration mechanism, of the vehicle; characterized in that the control element (2) is articulated to the upper end of the steering column (10) through an articulated mechanism (3,4) comprising a first piece connected (3) fixedly to the control element (2) and a second piece (4) arranged in the steering column (10), the first and second pieces being articulated together in an articulation axis (9), such that the first piece (3) is tiltable with respect to to the longitudinal axis (7) of the steering column; the first part (3) is further coupled in a first zone (3a) opposite the articulation axis (9), to a first end of at least a first transmission element (5) acting on the braking mechanism or on the acceleration mechanism and which is at least partially coaxial to the longitudinal axis (7) of the steering column (10), such that, when the user tilts the operating element (2), the first transmission element (5 ) performs a displacement in the coaxial direction to the steering column (10) and activates the braking mechanism or the acceleration mechanism.

2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first part (3) also has a second zone (3b) opposite the first zone, said second zone (3b) being coupled to a first end of a second element of transmission (5a) acting on the acceleration mechanism or on the braking mechanism, which is not being driven by the first transmission element (5) and at least partially coaxial to the longitudinal axis (7) of the steering column (10) ), so that when the user tilts the control element (2), the second transmission element (5a) makes a displacement in the coaxial direction to the steering column (10) and activates the braking mechanism or the mechanism of acceleration not activated by the first transmission element (5).

A device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first transmission element (5) extends externally along the steering column (10), through at least a first guide (4a) arranged in the second piece (4) and facing the first zone (3a) of the first piece (3).

A device according to claim 3, characterized in that the first transmission element (5) is arranged in a sheath (6) attached to said first guide.

A device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the steering column (10) has an axial cavity through which the first transmission element (5) extends and because the first zone (3a) of the first piece (3) is facing said cavity.

A device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first transmission element (5) drives the braking mechanism.

A device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first transmission element (5) drives the acceleration mechanism.

A device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the first transmission element (5) is a rigid rod articulated to the first zone (3a) of the first part (3).

A device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the first transmission element (5) is a flexible cable.

A device according to claim 2, characterized in that the second transmission element (5a) extends externally along the steering column (10), through at least a second guide (4b) arranged in the second piece (4) and facing the second zone (3b) of the first piece (3b).

A device according to claim 10, characterized in that the second transmission element (5a) is arranged in a sheath (6a) attached to said second guide (4b).

A device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the second transmission element (5a) is a rigid rod articulated to the second zone (3b) of the first part (3).

13. A device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the second transmission element (3) is a flexible cable.

14. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control element (2) is a steering wheel, a semi-front or a vertical handle.

15. A vehicle with direct attack direction for people with a disability that affects at least one of its lower extremities, characterized in that it comprises a control device (1) according to claims 1 to 14.

16. A vehicle according to claim 15, further presenting a releasable anchoring system of at least one wheelchair (14) on a platform (20) located in the driver's seat.

17. An anchor system for a wheelchair on a platform of a vehicle, characterized in that it comprises at least two ratchet mechanisms (24), each arranged in a housing (21) disposed on the platform (20) of a vehicle , in which two interlocking elements (17) emerging respectively of at least two clamps (16) fixed to opposite lower tubes (15) are interlocked, each interlocking element (17) presenting a lower part (19, 17c, 17e) more wide than its upper part (18, 17a, 17b, 17d), an interlocking element (17) being immobilized vertically in each of the ratchet mechanisms (24), by said lower part (19, 17c, 17e) wider, each housing (21) presenting, lateral guidance means (22,23) guiding the interlocking element (17).

18. An anchoring system according to claim 17, characterized in that the ratchet mechanism (24) comprises at least one ratchet (24) that swings on a horizontal axis (35), and the locking element comprises two bolts (17a , 17b) spaced apart and joined in its lower part by a bridge (17c), the interlocking element (17) being retained by the ratchet mechanism (24), in said bridge (17c).

19. An anchoring system according to claim 17, characterized in that the ratchet mechanism (24) comprises a ratchet (24a) and a fastener (24b), wherein the ratchet (24) swings on a vertical axis, and the element interlocking is a bolt (18) that emerges from the clamp (16), whose lower end has an protruding part (19, 17e) of the bolt perimeter (18).

20. An anchoring system according to claim 19, characterized in that said projecting part is a wall (19).

21. An anchoring system according to claim 17, characterized in that the ratchet mechanism (24) comprises a fastener (24b) that pivots on a horizontal axis (36) and a ratchet (24a) that swings on a horizontal axis ( 35), and the interlocking element (17) comprises at least one stud (17e) that emerges laterally from the bolt (17d).

22. An anchoring system according to claim 17, characterized in that the lateral guidance means (22,23) in the housing (21) comprise an upper groove (22) with an open entrance in direction opposite to the ratchet (24a), through which the upper part (18, 17a, 17b, 17d) of the interlocking element (17) can be moved.

23. An anchoring system according to claim 22, characterized in that the lateral guidance means (22,23), comprise at least one centering wall (23) extending from the entrance of the groove (22) in the direction contrary to the ratchet (24a).

24. An anchoring system according to claim 23, characterized in that the centering wall (23), in the direction opposite to the ratchet (24a), opens laterally with respect to the slot inlet (22).

25. An anchoring system according to claim 17, characterized in that the ratchet mechanism (24) is coupled to a first release and locking mechanism, comprising a drive cable (28) with a first end connected to the fastener ( 24b) of the ratchet mechanism (24) and with a second end connected to a pulling element (26) whose traction unlocks the ratchet mechanism (24).

26. An anchoring system according to claim 17, characterized in that the ratchet mechanism (24) is coupled to a first release and locking mechanism, comprising a drive rod (27) with a first end articulated to the fastener ( 24b) of the ratchet mechanism (24) and with a second end articulated to a pulling element (26) whose thrust unlocks the ratchet mechanism (24).

27. An anchoring system according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that the pulling element (26) is connected to an access ramp (25), such that when said ramp (25) is lowered, the pulling element (26) unlocks the ratchet mechanism (24).

28. An anchoring system according to claim 17, characterized in that the ratchet mechanism is an electromechanical mechanism.

L 26