WO2000026934A1 - Dispositif de commutation electrique micromecanique a courant de defaut - Google Patents

Dispositif de commutation electrique micromecanique a courant de defaut Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000026934A1
WO2000026934A1 PCT/CH1999/000492 CH9900492W WO0026934A1 WO 2000026934 A1 WO2000026934 A1 WO 2000026934A1 CH 9900492 W CH9900492 W CH 9900492W WO 0026934 A1 WO0026934 A1 WO 0026934A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
current
microrelay
switching device
protection switching
switch
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CH1999/000492
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ralf Struempler
Felix Greuter
Original Assignee
Abb Research Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abb Research Ltd. filed Critical Abb Research Ltd.
Publication of WO2000026934A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000026934A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/40—Multiple main contacts for the purpose of dividing the current through, or potential drop along, the arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/0036—Switches making use of microelectromechanical systems [MEMS]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
    • H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H2071/008—Protective switches or relays using micromechanics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/02—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by earth fault currents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/14—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by imbalance of two or more currents or voltages, e.g. for differential protection

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an electrical switching device for residual current protection.
  • Fl switches Conventional two-pole residual current circuit breakers
  • induction coil for detecting a current asymmetry between, for example, a phase conductor and a neutral conductor of a household power supply.
  • the currents in the conductors are added taking their direction into account. If the sum is clear a non-zero, ie above a certain threshold, triggers a conventional electromagnetic relay switch, in which case it must be assumed that the fault current above the threshold is due to an impermissible short circuit, earth contact or leakage current.
  • the invention is based on the technical problem of specifying a new, improved residual current circuit breaker.
  • an electrical fault current protection switching device with a first micro-relay switch in a first current path and an evaluation device for receiving and evaluating signals from a first current sensor that detects the current through the first current path and a second current sensor that detects a current through a second current path by comparing them with one another and opening the first microrelay switch in response to a result of the evaluation
  • an electrical residual current protection switching device with a first microrelay switch in a first circuit and a first total current sensor which detects a total current through the first current path and at least one second adjacent current path and an evaluation device for receiving and evaluating a signal of the first total current sensors and opening the first micro relay switch in response to a result of the evaluation.
  • microrelay switches in a residual current circuit breaker has various essential advantages.
  • a micro relay as such is state of the art.
  • This is an electrically operated miniature switch, which, in contrast to a transistor, is a mechanical switch with at least one movable contact piece. The mechanical movement of this contact piece is caused by an electrical signal.
  • Various mechanisms can be used for implementation. Electrostatically actuated microrelay cells are particularly preferred here. However, electromagnetic devices can also be used, in which planar spiral coils with ferromagnetic movable contact pieces are generally used. Piezoelectric microrelays are also possible, but require high control voltages.
  • microrelay switch now designates switching devices consisting of a single microrelay as well as switching devices directions that contain two or more microrelays. This is referred to again below.
  • microrelay switches can be realized with extremely low component weights and volumes in comparison to conventional electromagnetically operated relays. In this respect, they are suitable for installation in technical environments in which a conventional residual current circuit breaker would either lead to a significant increase in weight or volume or would generally not be usable.
  • An example are smaller electronic devices, plug connections z. B. on cables, standard housing for connector sockets z. B. for wall mounting etc.
  • micro-relay switches allow mass production at very low unit costs due to the mass production technologies used in the field of semiconductor technology.
  • the first of the two above definitions of the invention now uses at least one microrelay switch which is actuated in response to the signals of at least two current sensors.
  • Each current sensor detects the current through a respective current path, for example a cable or a conductor track.
  • the evaluation device compares the signals with one another and, in so far, can detect the occurrence of a fault current through a mismatch between the individual signals. Accordingly, the result of this evaluation is decisive for the actuation of the micro relay switch.
  • an overall current sensor was mentioned which detects the current through a first current path together with the current through the second current path.
  • a current sensor is envisaged which, based on the spatial conditions, detects the sum of the two currents suitable for the fault current detection, taking into account their directions. For example, two conductor tracks can lead the currents to be compared in opposite directions as current paths, the total current sensor detecting the total current, ie a zero current in the case of an equal amount. Accordingly, the signal of the total current sensor only has to be compared by the evaluation device with a correspondingly small threshold value in order to control the micro relay switch.
  • the total current sensor does not detect the currents through the two (or even several) current paths with the same sensitivity, but instead does not deliver a zero signal due to certain spatial relationships when the currents are identical in magnitude.
  • the evaluation device can also be designed to relate the signal of the total current sensor to a specific target range that is not centered on the value zero.
  • One embodiment of the invention relates to a residual current protection switching device for three-phase lines with neutral conductor, in which a fault current is therefore to be determined with reference to the adjustment in four current paths.
  • four current sensors can be provided for each current path, the signals of which are evaluated by the evaluation device.
  • a third and a fourth current sensor or a second total current sensor can also be provided for the third and fourth current paths.
  • the evaluation device is a preferably microelectronically implemented circuit which is readily apparent to the person skilled in the art with regard to the task.
  • the current sensors In the case of the current sensors, it must first be ascertained that they do not necessarily have to be part of the fault current protection switching device according to the invention.
  • This can also be conventional current sensors, for example induction coils.
  • Hall sensors which, as semiconductor elements, can likewise be comparatively small, light and inexpensive.
  • very low detection limits can also be achieved with Hall sensors, for example in the range of approximately 1 mA compared to a conventional detection limit of approximately 10 mA or above.
  • the invention has been described in connection with a microrelay switch in one of the current paths.
  • two or more microrelay switches can also be possible, with which some or all of the current paths affected by the detection can be switched.
  • it is of interest for example, to switch off all four poles when detecting a fault current.
  • Even in the case of a line with a phase and a neutral conductor it can be advantageous to be able to interrupt both lines. For example, this frees you from the need to take care during installation not to interchange the phase and neutral at any point.
  • This is particularly advantageous in the area of plug-in connections because they are often constructed symmetrically and can also be plugged in if the neutral and phase are mixed up.
  • there are also safety regulations for Fl switches that require all poles to be switched off.
  • microrelay switch is used here in a general sense, which means both a single microrelay and also includes a switching device consisting of two or more microrelays. This takes into account the fact that, due to technology, micro-relays are subject to certain limits with regard to their current carrying capacity and dielectric strength. If the current carrying capacity or the dielectric strength of the individual microrelay envisaged is not sufficient for the intended application, it is provided according to the invention to use voltage-dividing series circuit comprising two or more microrelay cells and / or current-dividing parallel circuits. Switch panels in the sense of voltage-dividing series circuits of parallel circuits which divide the current in each stage of the series circuit can also be used. With regard to this aspect, reference is made to the pre-registration "New electrical switching device" filed on October 9, 1998 by the same applicant with the file number 19846639.0, the disclosure content of which is included here.
  • a further embodiment of the invention consists in a double function of the evaluation device, which helps the residual current protection switching device according to the invention to a second function as an overcurrent protection switching device.
  • the invention is equivalent to a conventional electromagnetic contactor.
  • the evaluation device compares the signals of the current sensors with a threshold value defining an overcurrent and opens the micro-relay switch or switches in response to the result of this comparison.
  • a threshold value defining an overcurrent
  • the microrelay switch or switches, the evaluation device and possibly also the Hall sensors can each be designed as semiconductor chips, which are mounted together on a circuit board.
  • the invention already shows significant advantages because, due to the design of the micro relay switch, which is related to semiconductor technology, the same assembly technology or at least very similar assembly technologies can be used for the components involved, with a small size and low weight.
  • Hall sensors are also on a chip, for example can be carried out on a silicon chip or another substrate material.
  • a design very closely related to microelectronics reference is made to "Cylindrical Hall Device" by H. Blanchard, L. Chiesi, R. Racz and RS Popovic, Proceedings IEDM 96, pages 541-544, IEEE 1996.
  • the invention is also very suitable for combining different components with one another on a chip.
  • the evaluation device and the micro relay switch can be integrated. With a suitable technology of the Hall sensors, these can also be integrated.
  • it can make sense to integrate only the evaluation device and the Hall sensors, while the micro-relay switches are designed as separate chips or separate chips. This allows the combination of a standard component for the evaluation device and the Hall sensors with different levels for different electrical designs of the microrelay switches with regard to their current and voltage load.
  • the integration of other electronic components, e.g. B. of temperature sensors for a temperature-controlled reading of the micro relay switch, timer circuits, etc. is possible.
  • Devices for displaying the response of the residual current protection switching device to a residual current can also be integrated in an optical or acoustic manner.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a microrelay switch of a residual current protection switching device
  • FIG. 2 shows the complete residual current protection switching device with two micro relay switches according to FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 shows a microrelay switch 1 consisting of 17 series-connected stages 2, each with 45 microrelay cells 3, which are connected in parallel.
  • each microrelay cell 3 corresponds to the already mentioned Siemens silicon 5 microrelay and, each with a microrelay cell 3, is the preceding and one of the following Level 2 electrically connected.
  • the connections are brought together on the outer side and connected to a common connection of the microrelay switch 1.
  • a movable contact piece 4 which here corresponds to an electrostatically bendable or deflectable spring tongue. It is essential in the switching device according to the invention that all these movable contact pieces 4 work synchronously, ie are opened and closed by a single common signal, in so far as
  • Each individual microrelay cell 3 can interrupt a voltage of approximately 24 V, so that a switchable voltage of 400 V results for the microrelay switch 1. This is a value that is favorable for many applications, 20 in particular values above 200 or 300 V are preferred.
  • the switchable load current for each microrelay cell 3 is approximately 200 mA and thus results in a total current of 9 A for the microrelay switch 1.
  • This microrelay switch 1 requires a total activation power of only 5 mW and shows a power loss in the order of 0.6-6 W in the conductive state. However, the latter value can be improved by further improving the contacts and possibly increasing the closing force of the microrelay cells lower further. Particularly in view of the extraordinarily low activation power, there is clearly scope for the closing force.
  • the arrangement of individual microrelay cells 3 shown in FIG. 1 forms a microrelay switch 1 in the sense of the invention. It is essential here that the micro-relay switch 1 is opened and closed uniformly, ie all movable contact pieces 4 of the individual micro-relay cells 3 are opened or closed simultaneously. The switching field from the microrelay cells 3 therefore behaves like a uniform switch 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows two of the microrelay switches 1 shown in FIG. 1 in a residual current protection switching device according to the invention.
  • the first micro relay switch is designated by the reference number 1 and the second micro relay switch, which is constructed identically, by the reference number 1 '.
  • the first microrelay switch 1 and the second microrelay switch 1 ' are each connected in a first current path 8 and a second current path 8', the two current paths 8, 8 'being branched off from two lines which can be seen in the upper region of FIG. 2 and in the lower region the figure 2 to a consumer.
  • the first current path 8 corresponds to a phase line
  • An earth line is not shown because it plays no role in the invention.
  • the two microrelay switches 1, 1 ' are controlled via a control line 9.
  • This control line 9 is identical for both microrelay switches 1, 1' because the microrelay switches 1, 1 'are switched together and simultaneously.
  • two separate microrelay switches 1, 1' are provided.
  • a common microrelay switch could also be used if it has galvanically isolated connections for the current paths, which have a sufficient dielectric strength in relation to one another.
  • the common control line 9 leads to an evaluation device 7 which has two parts 7a and 7b with regard to their function. Both parts 7a and 7b of the evaluation device 7 are supplied with a respective output signal. nes first Hall sensor 5 and a second Hall sensor 5 '. The first Hall sensor 5 detects the current through the first current path 8 and the Hall sensor 5 'detects the current through the second current path 8'. (Each of the Hall sensors 5, 5 'requires a drive power of approximately 60 to 360 mW). The part 7a of the evaluation device 7 determines the sum of the currents through the current paths 8, 8 'from the signals of the Hall sensors 5, 5', taking into account their direction, that is to say the difference in the amounts.
  • part 7a of the evaluation device 7 outputs a control signal via the control line 9, which the two microrelay switches 1, 1 'within approximately 150 ⁇ s after the detection of the Fault current, ie the excessive current sum or difference opens.
  • part 7b of the evaluation device 7 monitors the signals of the Hall sensors 5, 5 'for themselves, i. H. compares the detected current quantities individually with a threshold value, which represents the maximum permissible current in the current paths. If an overcurrent occurs, that is to say the threshold value is exceeded, part 7b of the evaluation device 7 in the same way ensures immediate opening of the micro-relay switches 1 and 1 '.
  • the fault current protection switching device thus simultaneously has the function of an overcurrent protection switching device. It is clear that the same microrelay switches 1, 1 ', Hall sensors 5, 5' and the same control line 9 can be used for this.
  • the representation of the evaluation device 7 as consisting of two parts 7a and 7b is only related to the function of the evaluation device 7. The same circuit units can be used for the most part within the evaluation device 7 for the two functions 7a and 7b, for example the same input stages for the signals from the Hall sensors 5, 5 ', the same control stage for the micro-relay switches 1, 1', etc. The difference between the two parts
  • the evaluation device 7 is designed as an integrated Si analog circuit.
  • the Hall sensors 5, 5 ′ are designed on a Si substrate in accordance with the publication “Cyclic Hall Device” already cited.
  • the evaluation device 7, the Hall sensors 5, 5 are also and the two microrelay switches 1, 1 are integrated on the same uniform Si chip 6.
  • the residual current protection switching device according to the invention thus corresponds to a single Si chip 6 which is provided with a suitable housing with corresponding connections for a conventional household power line, which correspond to the two current paths 8, 8 'outside the housing
  • the housing is only shown symbolically with the frame 10 in Figure 2 and can, for example, correspond to a conventional connector housing.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un nouveau dispositif de commutation à courant de défaut dans lequel le ou les commutateurs (1, 1') présentent chacun au moins un microrelais pour l'interruption du ou des courants dans les trajets de courant (8, 8') surveillés.
PCT/CH1999/000492 1998-11-02 1999-10-18 Dispositif de commutation electrique micromecanique a courant de defaut WO2000026934A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1998150397 DE19850397A1 (de) 1998-11-02 1998-11-02 Elektrische Fehlerstromschutz-Schalteinrichtung
DE19850397.0 1998-11-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000026934A1 true WO2000026934A1 (fr) 2000-05-11

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WO (1) WO2000026934A1 (fr)

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DE19927762A1 (de) 1999-06-17 2001-01-04 Abb Research Ltd Neue elektrische Schalteinrichtung zum Überstromschutz
DE10047114C1 (de) * 2000-09-22 2002-05-23 Pepperl & Fuchs Schutzschaltung
US7493221B2 (en) 2006-09-28 2009-02-17 General Electric Company System for power sub-metering
US7546214B2 (en) 2006-09-28 2009-06-09 General Electric Company System for power sub-metering
US8144445B2 (en) 2007-06-12 2012-03-27 General Electric Company Micro-electromechanical system based switching
US7612971B2 (en) 2007-06-15 2009-11-03 General Electric Company Micro-electromechanical system based switching in heating-ventilation-air-conditioning systems
US7944660B2 (en) 2007-06-15 2011-05-17 General Electric Company Micro-electromechanical system based selectively coordinated protection systems and methods for electrical distribution
US7885043B2 (en) 2007-06-15 2011-02-08 General Electric Company Remote-operable micro-electromechanical system based over-current protection apparatus
US7589942B2 (en) 2007-06-15 2009-09-15 General Electric Company MEMS based motor starter with motor failure detection
US8358488B2 (en) 2007-06-15 2013-01-22 General Electric Company Micro-electromechanical system based switching
US8072723B2 (en) 2007-06-19 2011-12-06 General Electric Company Resettable MEMS micro-switch array based on current limiting apparatus
US7554222B2 (en) 2007-11-01 2009-06-30 General Electric Company Micro-electromechanical system based switching
US7839611B2 (en) 2007-11-14 2010-11-23 General Electric Company Programmable logic controller having micro-electromechanical system based switching
US8295016B2 (en) * 2009-09-29 2012-10-23 Eaton Corporation Circuit interrupter and receptacle including improved contact configuration
DE102014111416B4 (de) 2014-08-11 2024-03-28 Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH Absicherung einer Leitung
DE102016215001A1 (de) * 2016-08-11 2018-02-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schaltzelle mit Halbleiterschaltelement und mikroelektromechanischem Schaltelement
DE102020208054A1 (de) * 2020-06-29 2021-12-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektronikmodul
DE102020215756A1 (de) * 2020-12-11 2022-06-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektronikmodul

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JPH06203737A (ja) * 1992-12-28 1994-07-22 Terasaki Denki Sangyo Kk 多極形回路遮断器
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EP0181759A2 (fr) * 1984-11-05 1986-05-21 BICC Public Limited Company Interrupteur électrique
JPH06203737A (ja) * 1992-12-28 1994-07-22 Terasaki Denki Sangyo Kk 多極形回路遮断器
US5374792A (en) * 1993-01-04 1994-12-20 General Electric Company Micromechanical moving structures including multiple contact switching system
US5430597A (en) * 1993-01-04 1995-07-04 General Electric Company Current interrupting device using micromechanical components
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Title
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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 018, no. 551 (E - 1619) 20 October 1994 (1994-10-20) *

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