WO2000014588A1 - Dispositif permettant d'ameliorer le produit faisceau - Google Patents

Dispositif permettant d'ameliorer le produit faisceau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000014588A1
WO2000014588A1 PCT/EP1999/006310 EP9906310W WO0014588A1 WO 2000014588 A1 WO2000014588 A1 WO 2000014588A1 EP 9906310 W EP9906310 W EP 9906310W WO 0014588 A1 WO0014588 A1 WO 0014588A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
mirror
bundle
aperture
focal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1999/006310
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Holger Frenzel
Original Assignee
Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE1998140769 external-priority patent/DE19840769A1/de
Application filed by Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh filed Critical Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh
Priority to EP99946045A priority Critical patent/EP1110119A1/fr
Publication of WO2000014588A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000014588A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
    • G02B17/004—Systems comprising a plurality of reflections between two or more surfaces, e.g. cells, resonators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0004—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
    • G02B19/0028—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed refractive and reflective surfaces, e.g. non-imaging catadioptric systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
    • G02B19/0047—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for improving the beam product of a main light bundle or a main light compartment with a diaphragm that only allows an output light bundle or an output light fan with a reduced beam product.
  • the invention further relates to cascades of these devices. As a result of the invention, there are further possible uses of Share the device as an optical isolator
  • One principle of optics states that a bundle of light or a fan of light cannot be focused on an arbitrarily small spot or parallelized as precisely as is important.
  • the size of the beam to describe this fact is often the beam product, often as the diameter of the bundle of light multiplied by the divergence angle or more correctly by the sine of the divergence angle given This beam product is generally preserved, ie it cannot be reduced significantly by lenses or mirror systems alone, according to the prevailing opinion
  • laser systems For highly parallel bundles of light, laser systems must currently be used. Lasers are expensive if the power is adequate. In addition, lasers of several kilowatts must be used in order to be able to generate a few watts of usable light power
  • an improvement of the beam product is achieved by means of an aperture which separates a suitable divergence area from a focused light bundle or a corresponding light bundle with a suitable diameter from a generated light bundle which is then used for further beam shaping
  • tilting mirror matrixes is extremely desirable to be mentioned, which are also known under the name DMD (Digital Mirror Device) and are available from the company Texas Instruments.
  • DMD Digital Mirror Device
  • mirrors arranged in a matrix for displaying a rastered image are either switched in a specific direction for imaging or in depending on the pixel information a direction inclined towards it
  • a pixel represented by means of a tilting mirror appears bright when tilted in one direction and dark in the other direction
  • the contrast between light and dark depends, among other things, on the angular divergence of the incident light bundle.At the same time, the light bundle should be focused on a spot the size of the matrix. With high light intensity of an image with a large screen diagonal, good focusability at high power is extremely desirable here too
  • the same also applies to the projection, in which the image is displayed on LCD matrices.
  • the LCD cannot be made arbitrarily large, so that a larger beam product also had to be achieved for larger projected images
  • the object of the invention is to provide a device with an improved blasting product, in which the power consumption is significantly less than in the aperture technique specified in the introduction
  • the object is achieved in that the diaphragm opening is surrounded by a first mirror surface or is formed in a first mirror surface and an optical system is provided for which the mirror surface does not contain the light of the main beam or of the light falling through the diaphragm opening Stammlichtfachers reflected, and this optical system introduces this light back into the incident bundle of trunk lights or the Stammlichtfacher changes.
  • the change can consist in particular in an introduction with a different angle, shifted and / or enlarged or reduced
  • a light fan is understood to mean a light bundle focused on a minimum diameter or a light bundle emanating from a small volume in all possible directions, while the expression light bundle refers to a substantially parallel one Bundle of light, i.e. one that can be obtained behind a lens, for example, if a fan of light starts from an emission volume in the focal point of this lens, since the terms otherwise used in optics such as light rays, focal point, etc. are too idealized because they are generally unrealistic Beam product of zero size, and this idealized meaning here could lead to misunderstandings, is referred to below as a bundle of light or a fan of light.
  • the beam product is reduced according to the invention in that the angle and diameter for the output light bundle or output light fan are determined by means of a suitable aperture.
  • the light striking the aperture at an unsuitable angle or in the case of excessive expansion is not absorbed, i.e. destroyed. but reflects and is available again in order to separate a part with a suitable blasting product that corresponds to the
  • Output light bundle or output light fan is added This is achieved by the specified optical system, which guides the rest of the light bundle or light fan back to the diaphragm, where a suitable proportion of light can then be separated again.
  • the specified optical system which guides the rest of the light bundle or light fan back to the diaphragm, where a suitable proportion of light can then be separated again.
  • corresponding partial light bundles of a certain diameter could also be separated from a ray bundle of larger diameter and brought together directly via a similar optical system, that is to say without tracing a residual bundle.
  • the solution proposed according to the invention is, however, much simpler in comparison
  • the adjustment is, however, less critical than the other approach of using several optical systems to combine several partial light bundles in the same direction, because if the aperture was filtered out, for example due to incorrect adjustment, than would be optimally possible, there would be a repeated run through the Bundle of light after reflection is still a possibility of adding this missing portion to the outgoing bundle of light or fan of light due to the change in the coupled light bundle or fan of light according to the invention
  • the determining factor for the losses is, among other things, the degree of reflection of the mirror surrounding the aperture.
  • the reflecting surface and the optical system in particular can also be suitably selected, as will be specified in the following further developments of the invention
  • Various systems could be used to combine the bundles of light or light fans, for example optics with a very large entrance pupil and noticeably smaller exit pupil.
  • mirror systems can be used in which the incident bundle of light is coupled in via a so-called optical isolator, so that the mirror system can possibly be used by reflected light is reflected back into the entrance area, i.e. back again to those mirrors that combine the main light and the light reflected back from the area around the aperture.
  • beam plates are known that can be used here for combining in the opposite direction of light
  • devices for changing the polarization such as ⁇ / 4 plates, are then required, each of which imprint the appropriate polarization on the bundles of light or light fans.
  • Holograms and binary optics can also be used to assemble the back-reflected partial light bundle with the main light bundle
  • an optical device is provided with which light from a light source is coupled in, this structure having a transmission greater than 50% in one direction and a reflectance less than 50% and a transmission less than 50 in the opposite direction % and has a reflectance greater than 50%
  • optical isolator denotes. These usually work due to the magneto-optical effect, in which a change in polarization takes place, so that a beam moving in and out can be distinguished optically.
  • a beam of defined polarization is transmitted in one direction, the beam of changed polarization a beam that is opposite to the previous direction, however, is hidden in a beam splitter, where it is usually absorbed.
  • the optical structure is a device with an element which splits an incident light bundle into at least two components, the division taking place statistically due to the division into at least two Components can be treated differently in forward and backward direction, for example reflecting back again, so that structures can be created in which the transmittance is greater in one direction and the reflectance in the other direction.
  • partially transparent mirrors or diffractive structures can be used for such elements, which have precisely this property of the statistical division
  • the device has mirrors which pass through the light when passing through Structures parallelize the components in one direction and reflect back at least one component when light passes through the structures in the opposite direction
  • the diffractive structure in the device can be designed in a correspondingly simple manner by selecting a grating or a hologram for it Diffractive structures, however, have dispersive properties, so that such structures can only be optimally designed for one wavelength.
  • white light as is the case, for example, with
  • a dispersive element is provided in the device before and after the diffractive structure with which the
  • Wavelength dependence of the diffraction structures can be reduced in a defined wavelength range
  • an afocal lens system is provided with which the light bundle leaving the device can be adapted to the same diameter as the light bundle entering the device
  • a concave mirror or a lens is provided for focusing the light bundle on the aperture
  • a predetermined divergence angle can always be set via the distance aperture / lens or aperture / concave mirror.
  • the aperture opening also acts essentially as a collimator that limits the beam diameter.Thus, the achievable beam product of the output light beam is as Product clearly defined from the given divergence angle with the aperture diameter
  • concave mirrors are particularly suitable for good focusing.
  • lenses or lens systems also have advantages over others that only use concave mirrors in terms of a simplified arrangement
  • Another preferred development of the invention provides that the main light bundle or the main light fan is focused on an optical axis in a focal area of minimal extent given by the beam product and the first mirror surface is designed as a concave mirror, on the basis of which a focal surface is reflected by the optical system Light is shifted on the optical axis with respect to the focal surface of the focused trunk bundle or the trunk light fan
  • This preferred development of the invention takes advantage of the fact that a focused bundle of light does not have a defined focal point, but its caustics can be represented as light fans which are shifted from one another on the optical axis.
  • a particularly high power component, which is let through the diaphragm, is achieved if the displacement corresponds approximately to the extent of the focal surface defined in more detail above. Then, from the caustic, an almost spherical light-emitting component is always imaged into the diaphragm, with a defined angular divergence of the light fan emanating from the aperture is adjustable
  • the incident light bundle or the light fan on the optical axis is focused on a focal surface of minimal extent, which lies between the two focal points and the distance between the two focal points is less than this minimum dimension of the focal surface
  • a particularly preferred exemplary embodiment which is optimized with respect to the power and the achievable beam product, is characterized by the following developments of the invention, which will be explained in more detail later
  • One of these preferred developments of the invention is characterized in that a lens is provided in front of the concave mirror provided with the aperture and the system composed of the lens and the concave mirror depicts the aperture behind the mirror surface of the other concave mirror.
  • the diameter of the lens and the distance between the lenses to the aperture essentially define the divergence angle.
  • the aperture itself defines the diameter.
  • the beam product to be achieved can thus be clearly defined.
  • the other concave mirror displays the image generated by the concave mirror and the lens on the optical axis in a manner that is at a distance and at a distance from its focal point.
  • the concave mirror could be concave or convex curved.
  • a particularly simple displacement can be produced with conventional lighting, if the concave mirror provided with the aperture opening is convex.
  • a concave curvature would be particularly well suited. Since due to their focusing properties, the return of the light became particularly optimal.However, it turns out that a diverging lens is particularly effective in shifting the individual focal points in the caustic, but the concave curvature together with the focusing lens mentioned above has the same imaging properties as a concave one Can have concave mirrors and this combination can also be replaced by a concave concave mirror
  • a filament, a light-emitting diode or an arc for generating the main light bundle in the device itself.
  • a light source is then obtained with a light bundle generated in and emanating from a luminous volume, but with an essential one smaller beam product than would be expected from such an extended light source.
  • you do not need your own device for merging bundles of light since the bundles of light reflected back from the aperture environment only have to be thrown back into the luminous volume and then proceed from it in the same way as that Trunk light beam to be subjected to further reflections
  • a particularly advantageous development of the invention is characterized in that a light source is formed by a luminous volume extending along the optical axis, in particular by a filament, a light-emitting diode or an arc, the luminous volume or a mirror image of which is in focus within it of a spatial area in which one of the two focal points of the concave mirror also lies.
  • the optimization that takes place in this way is determined in particular by the arrangement of the luminous volume.
  • An elongated luminous volume extending in the direction of the optical axis can be used in succession to understand the effect analogously to the above focal points of the caustics of a light fan are considered, but here the elongated light volume as one behind the other is to be considered small spheres into which the reflected light is returned, but shifted on the optical axis, so that after each jerk and advance after the
  • Luminous volume makes its contribution to the beam of light emerging from the aperture opening
  • the returning light is also partially absorbed in a coil, but this is not necessarily disadvantageous, because the coil is also heated thereby, so that the light losses can be avoided in part with a reduction in the beam product, because the electrical energy supplied to heat the coil can be reduced
  • the luminous plasma because of its refractive index, which is different from one, can also act as a lens for the back-reflected light.
  • This possible lens effect can, however, be optimized with regard to its lens effect, for example by shaping the cathode and anode and possibly applying suitable magnetic fields
  • the achievable beam product depends essentially on the size of the aperture, and the manufacture of the aperture with suitable tolerances can be difficult.
  • this is disadvantageous only in the case of devices in which the light bundle is focused as a fan of light on this aperture parallel light bundles, on the other hand, can also be achieved with a very large aperture opening to reduce the beam product.
  • the suitable beam product can be expanded as required to adapt the geometric conditions to the suitable trained aperture openings, for example by an afocal system in front of the aperture opening, reducing its divergence and behind the aperture can be reduced in diameter by another afocal lens system
  • an advantageous development of the invention is characterized in that an optical system for adapting the light beam to the conditions of incidence and failure of these devices is provided between at least two of the cascaded devices
  • the cascade according to the invention it is also provided, for the reasons mentioned above, to achieve a particularly favorable blasting product that the first device in the cascade is designed to focus and the last to be parallelized
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration to explain the principle on which the invention is based, with a focus on an aperture
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment similar to that in FIG. 2, in which an afocal lens system is used to reduce the divergence angle of the reflected light bundle,
  • FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment with concave mirrors and a focusing for determining the beam product for the outgoing light beam by means of the diaphragm diameter
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a caustic as the sum of a large number of focal points to illustrate the effect of a focal point shift in the improvement of the blasting product
  • Fig. 7 shows an exemplary embodiment of a light source with an inventive
  • FIG. 8 shows an example of an electrode configuration for arc lamps, as can be used in the light source of FIG. 7, one of the electrodes simultaneously having mirror surfaces for improving the beam product,
  • FIG. 9 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a light source with less improvement in the beam product but optimized light output and an illumination field with a uniform illumination density
  • Fig. 10 shows a first embodiment of an insulator structure, as in the examples of
  • 1 to 9 can be used, with a diffraction structure and mirrors
  • Fig. 11 shows another embodiment, with an oblique angle of attack to the incident beam
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 shows a schematic representation as a proposal for reducing the wavelength dependency of the devices shown for example in FIGS. 10 and 11;
  • Fig. 13 shows an embodiment for changing the jet product using the
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic illustration to illustrate the mode of operation of an optical isolator structure with a partially transparent mirror in the forward direction;
  • FIG. 15 shows a schematic illustration as in FIG. 14, but operated in the opposite direction for reflection
  • FIGS. 14 and 15 shows another possible embodiment of an optical isolator, which is constructed similarly to that of FIGS. 14 and 15;
  • FIG. 17 shows an exemplary embodiment of an optical isolator similar to FIGS. 14 to 16, but with an increased degree of reflection and a lower beam product in the output;
  • Fig. 18 is a schematic representation of an embodiment for changing the
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic illustration to illustrate the change in divergence of a light beam with respect to different distances from the optical axis;
  • FIG. 20 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a device for reducing the jet product using optical isolators
  • Fig. 21 shows another embodiment of the device for reducing the
  • the optics and devices shown in the following exemplary embodiments are often all rotationally symmetrical about an optical axis 1, especially if not stated otherwise. This also means that they are designed for essentially circular light beams. In the Illumination of tilting mirror mats will be required because of the rectangular geometry for uniformly illuminating the tilting mirror, essentially rectangular beam profiles, which can be implemented without difficulty using the principles described. A major change then is that an aperture 2 used in the invention is designed as a rectangular cutout
  • further improvements can also be achieved in that the mirrors are no longer rotationally symmetrical about the optical axis, but rather have an optimized shape adapted to the rectangular beam profile of the initial bundle.
  • rotationally symmetrical designs also have other advantages with regard to the improvement of beam products, such as will be explained in detail with reference to FIG. 19
  • the optimization criterion for the design of a device according to the invention is a maximization of the output power when setting a desired beam profile and beam product, which is essentially determined via the aperture, so that the largest possible part of the light output of the trunk bundle or fan can be removed and utilized
  • a main light bundle 3 with only slight divergence is focused on the aperture 2 with the aid of a focusing system, in the simplest case a lens 4.
  • the aperture 2 cuts a suitable part with respect to the lateral distribution and the angular distribution from the light bundle 3 'or rather its light spot out, which can then be parallelized again with a further lens 8 in order to subsequently generate an output light bundle 3 ′′, the beam product of which, apart from diffraction effects, is essentially dependent on the size of the opening of the diaphragm 2 and the angular range detected by the lens 8
  • the light losses caused by the diaphragm 2 are reduced in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the diaphragm opening is located in a mirror surface 6, which ensures that the light components which are not let through by the diaphragm reach the diaphragm again. This is shown in FIG , which falls back into the aperture after jerk reflection at point 11 and subsequent reflections, so that the light intensity does not decrease in principle if it were possible to guide all light rays back to aperture 2 after any number of multiple reflections.
  • the final beam product then depends on essentially only from the aperture size and the angle detected by the lens 8
  • the shape of the mirror surface 6 would then be essentially indifferent. However, since 100% reflection is not possible, the shape of the mirror surface should be optimized to the greatest possible extent to lead many light rays to the aperture 2 after as few reflections as possible
  • losses also result from the fact that light components can also fall out again in the opposite direction to the main light bundle and no longer contribute to the output light bundle.
  • an optical isolator that reflects back the light that is emitted in the opposite direction of the main light bundle
  • Optical isolators are known and mostly act on the basis of different polarizations of the light bundle.
  • other systems which work independently of polarization and which are described in more detail later with reference to FIGS. 10 to 19 are advantageously used here
  • a device 15 shown in FIG. 2 serving as an isolator essentially contains an arrangement of mirrors and / or diffractive structures in the area 16, the construction of which has been omitted here for the sake of simplicity, but will be explained in more detail later. To simplify the illustration, it is only assumed here that the isolator is simply in the form of a layer 16.
  • the trunk light bundle 3 is essentially let through by the device 15 through the layer 16, while a light bundle 18 coming from the right is reflected.
  • the device 15 can, for example, be a reflective isolator from the left side, whereby layer 16 is then a partially mirrored mirror
  • the main light beam 3 is also not focused in the example of FIG. 2, but reaches almost parallel to the diaphragm 2, which cuts out a partial light beam 3 ", which then has essentially the same angular divergence as the main light beam 3, but whose beam product is reduced due to the smaller diameter
  • the main light beam 3 was not focused, which also shows that focusing is not important in principle.
  • both options are for a focused light beam or a substantially parallel light beam towards an aperture 2 straighten, of particular advantage for different areas of application
  • the orifice 2 essentially determines the blasting product in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, the achievable blasting product depends almost solely on how small the opening of the orifice 2 can be made with sufficient accuracy, or on what size the Aperture Diffraction phenomena at the aperture openings enlarge the beam product again. This limitation does not exist in the exemplary embodiment of FIG.
  • the main light beam 3 has an afocal Lens system can be made almost arbitrarily large, and its angular divergence is then also reduced, the achievable beam product of the output high beam 3 "does not depend essentially on the size of the aperture 2, but on how many returns can be tolerated until almost the full light intensity of the Stammlichtbundels 3 is guided through the aperture 2
  • Output light bundle in the case of a substantially parallel main light bundle is preferable to a device focusing on the diaphragm 2.
  • the beam product in an exemplary embodiment in which the diaphragm 2 is focused is considerably more independent of the input conditions
  • the achievable intensity of the output beam in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2 essentially depends on the number of possible reflections in the circulation of the blanked-out portion 18 via the mirrors 6, 20 and the optical isolator layer 16.
  • very large angles in the main light beam 3 likewise lead to a loss of intensity , which is mainly due to the fact that the mirrors 20, 6 do not allow any improvement in the divergence of the light beam returned from the mirror surface.
  • FIG. 3 In the return path for the reflected light bundle, two lenses 30, 32 are indicated, which are broken through in the middle in order to allow the light bundle 3 ′ to pass freely behind the device 15.
  • this afocal lens system widens the light reflected by the mirror 22 , preferably to the size of the trunk light bundle 3, so that the diameter is increased again, but the angular divergence of the reflected light bundle is reduced, so that the light reflected by the aperture 2 infinitely moves the mirror path 6, 22, 24, 16 must revolve until it is completely let through the aperture 2 Because the
  • Angle divergence is reduced with each revolution of the light, more light is transmitted than without the afocal lens system or its simulation by appropriate training of the
  • FIG. 4 An example of an embodiment of the mirrors 6 and 24 as a concave mirror is shown in particular in FIG. 4. Both concave mirrors 6 and 24 have different focal lengths and their focal points are in the same point 35 in this exemplary embodiment.
  • the geometry in FIG. 6 is chosen such that a
  • Bundle of light in the reflection between the mirrors 6 and 22 is increased, whereby the angular divergence resulting from the preservation of the beam product is reduced with each reflection
  • focal length ratio of 2 1 is shown. This value is extremely high; in practical implementation, however, focal length ratios of the order of magnitude one will be selected, but the ratio of two allows a better graphic representation of the partial beams and the effect to make the arrangement shown in FIG. 4 more recognizable
  • the main light beam is focused to an input light fan 3 'on the common focal point 35.
  • This type of coupling was chosen in order to only have to use a small opening 36 if one wants to avoid an insulating structure such as the layer 16 described above.
  • the type of coupling is here but relatively indifferent, since the mirror 24 again forms an essentially parallel bundle of light, which is partially removed as an output bundle of light 3 "from the aperture 2.
  • the portion of light that does not pass through the aperture 2 is returned through the focal point 35 and arrives after further reflections again enlarged to the opening of the aperture 2, where due to the enlargement a suitable portion is again available which is let through the opening of the aperture 2, etc
  • the position of the opening 36 and that of the diaphragm 2 is chosen so that the removed part corresponds approximately to the portion which was reflected back into the input opening 36 after reflection via the mirrors 6 and 24, if no optical isolator is provided by an optical isolator Thus, light losses in the improvement of the beam product due to the prevention of the return of light components through the entrance opening 36 can be kept to a minimum
  • FIG. 4 enlargements of the light beam can be used to change the light reflected from the mirror surface , but also reductions. This can be seen, for example, from FIG. 5, the coupling part of which corresponds to the examples from FIGS.
  • Partial light bundle gets closer and closer to the optical axis with each revolution, and is guided more effectively through the opening of the aperture 2 under appropriate input conditions of the beam 3
  • a focused bundle of light can namely be understood as focusing different light beams in different focal points lying on the optical axis, for example 35, 35 'and 35 " a multiple reflection, as previously described, it should therefore be possible to image these different focal points one after the other into the opening of the diaphragm 2, whereby the beam product is improved by summing the different light components coming from the focal points without significant losses in the light intensity
  • FIG. 7 Such an example designed as a light source is shown in FIG. 7.
  • the light comes from a light source 50, which can be, for example, an incandescent filament, an arc, a series of superluminescent diodes or the like.
  • a light source 50 can be, for example, an incandescent filament, an arc, a series of superluminescent diodes or the like.
  • this example is not limited to the embodiment as a light source introduce another bundle of light, for example at point A and focus into the luminous volume 50.
  • an optical isolator that is to say like the device 15, can then be used again
  • a light beam 52 which is emitted from the front end of the light volume 50, is focused by the lens 54, in the focal point of which it is located, and a lens 56 onto the diaphragm 2.
  • Other light beams 53 which emanate from this end of the light volume in a different direction are emitted from the parabolic mirror 58 parallel because this end of the luminous volume is in its focal point. Because of the parallelization, these light beams are then also focused by the lens 56 into the opening of the diaphragm 2.
  • the diameter of the lens 56 is dimensioned so that all Light rays emanating from point 35 on optical axis 1 at the end of luminous volume 50 fall into aperture 2 due to lens 56
  • Another light beam 60 which is emitted away from the focal point from the luminous volume, does not fall into the opening of the diaphragm 2, but onto the curved mirror surface 6, due to which the light bundle is reflected back into the point 35, the end of the luminous volume 50, from which it is then subsequently thrown into the diaphragm 2, like all light rays emanating from point 35.
  • Another bundle of light that is emitted even further away from point 35 than light beam 60 from luminous volume 50 is then only after 2, 3 or more reflections on the mirror surface 6 directed into the output aperture 2
  • Parabolic mirror 58 and lens 56 can also be replaced by an elliptical mirror, one of which has a focal point at 35 and the other at the aperture. This further simplifies the construction.
  • the other end of the luminous volume can also be placed in focal point 35, but the concave mirror 6 for the same function, namely that with each reflection a different part of the luminous volume is imaged in the diaphragm 2, should be curved inwards
  • the achievable beam product is essentially only defined by the dimensions, while the dimensions of the luminous volume 50 only determine the light intensity in the output.
  • the diameter of the output light beam in the opening of the diaphragm 2 is given solely by its diameter d.
  • the divergence angle is determined solely by the radius a of the lens 56, which is equal to that of the parabolic mirror 58, so that the beam product at large distances I between the lens 56 and the aperture 2 results in d * a / l with an aperture diameter of 0.1 mm , a distance I of, for example, 30 cm and a parabolic mirror diameter, as is customary, for example, of halogen lamps, of about 3 cm, can thus be used to produce a 3 "light beam with a beam product of 0.01 mm rad high light intensity in the output, a result which conventional light sources without a strong loss of intensity have not been reached so far t bundle after parallelization in two subsequent devices, for example according to FIG. 2 or 3, which are each designed to improve the beam product to 1/10 or even smaller, one also obtains light bundles with beam products which are comparable to those of lasers
  • a further advantage in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 7 results from the fact that the luminous volume 50 is integrated in the device for reducing the beam product, because then only a few beams are lost through a coupling opening, for example at point A. However, after the reflections, some light beams fall back into that Luminous volume 50 and can be absorbed there, for example on a filament used for light emission of a filament is no longer a problem, because the light falling back further heats the filament and thus causes a higher light emission
  • the luminous volume 50 is built up by means of luminescent diodes, however, undesired light absorption on the semiconductor chip can occur if these are arranged on the optical axis.
  • the focal point 35 is preferably at the other end of the diode row than it is with An example of FIG. 7 was shown.
  • An arrangement spaced from the optical axis is of course also possible with a helix, whereby the reabsorption of the light from the helix can also be reduced
  • the luminous volume 50 With regard to the formation of the luminous volume 50, let us consider the example of an arc on the optical axis.
  • the light incident into the luminous volume 50 after reflection is deflected by the refractive index which differs from the atmosphere in the environment , but the deflected light apparently comes again from the luminous volume 50 and undergoes the same reflections as the light originally generated by the arc itself, so that there are no particular problems here either
  • the light emission can also be optimized for particularly favorable beam products by the choice of the electrode arrangements.
  • Such an advantageous electrode arrangement is explained in more detail below with reference to FIG. 8
  • FIG. 8 shows an electrode arrangement, such as is advantageous for the generation of the luminous volume with an arc, in order to avoid that the shadowing of the light path by the electrodes producing the arc becomes essential as a loss factor
  • FIG. 8 shows a cathode 62 opposite an anode 64.
  • the anode 64 is completely mirrored.
  • the spherical or parabolic design of the surface 66 facing the cathode 62 is particularly expedient. This ensures that the arc appears to be from the shape determined focal point 35, which is placed in the focal point 35 of the mirror 58 according to FIG. 7
  • the lens 12 can then, however, since only a little light is directed in its direction anyway, for this purpose the anode 64 has a curved surface 68, the parts of the light incident from the mirror surface 6 essentially via the lens 56 into the opening of the diaphragm 2 focused
  • This shape of a mirror as shown in the example of FIG. 8 for the anode 64, can also be used in the embodiment of FIG. 7, even if no arc is used.
  • the lens 54 is then dispensed with and a shaped body in the manner of the anode 64 with the focal point 35 inserted in the focal point of the parabolic mirror 58.
  • the first mapping of the luminous volume 50 over the surface 66 into the focal point 35 enables the luminous volume to be decoupled from the back-reflected light, so that the absorption of reflected light into the high-temperature elements of the luminous volume is also made possible can be reduced
  • three superiuminescent diodes can be arranged along the optical axis, which can be modulated for the color and intensity information of each pixel of a television picture, but which are mixed on the basis of the mirror system 6 and 58, so that the hitherto known expense of dichroic mirrors, modulators known from laser projection etc. etc. not applicable It can be expected that a light source built on the principles described here significantly reduces the effort compared to the previously used light sources in "laser projection", so that this technology is available for consumer applications in which the cost factor for use is still significantly reduced must become
  • Tilting mirror matrices are arrangements of tilting mirrors in rows and columns, with the switching status of which is shown in an image Tilting mirror matrix arranged tilting mirror possible, a switching state in which each tilting mirror fully reflects in a certain direction of the incident light in a certain direction, another in which is reflected in another direction, but in which the angle of incidence of the mirror to the incident light is so unfavorable is that the tilting mirror can practically no longer reflect light in the first specified direction
  • each tilting mirror is subjected to a pulse train that quickly switches between the two states switches back and forth for light and dark, so that a gray value corresponding to the light / dark duty cycle of the pulse train provided for the tilt mirror occurs in the eye of the viewer or in a photograph
  • Color images are also possible, in which the light used for illumination is usually filtered by means of a color wheel, sequentially with color filters provided on the color wheel. A color separation of the color image is then set in synchronism with the current color of the light on the tilting mirror matrix, so that the eye or a photographic film then detects the color image composed of these color separations on average.
  • the preceding exemplary embodiments can also be used for illuminating such tilting mirror matrices. Color wheels are unnecessary, for example, if the light is obtained with superluminescent diodes of different colors, as previously described. If the diaphragm 2 is selected to be rectangular, a rectangular output light bundle is also generated, which can be brought into full coverage with the tilting mirror matrix, as a result of which light losses are also kept correspondingly small. In addition, it can be expected that the tilting mirror matrix will be illuminated more uniformly than is known if the mirror surfaces are suitably curved, since the multiple reflection in the device ensures that the origin of the light, that is to say the image of the light source, for example a filament, is completely lost.
  • FIG. 9 An exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG. 9 that was specially designed for illuminating a tilting mirror matrix 70.
  • the aperture 2 is rectangular here.
  • a light guide 72 is also provided.
  • the light from a luminous volume 50 is coupled into the end face of the light guide 72 opposite the diaphragm 2.
  • the luminous volume 50 was generated here with diode rows of the colors red, green and blue, which were controlled sequentially with a control device, not shown. Therefore, in this example, due to the lack of color filtering, a significantly lower power loss than with the color wheel technology is to be expected, since with a suitable choice of the mirror curvatures used here, almost the full light output can be directed onto the tilting mirror matrix 70.
  • the superluminescent diodes are spaced from the optical axis 1 so that the entry surface of the light guide 72 is not shadowed, which could also lead to light losses.
  • a special mirrored body 74 which has a curved surface 76 facing the parabolic mirror 58.
  • the focal points 35 of the parabolic mirror 58 and the curved surface 76 are therefore at the beginning of the luminous volume 50 and decrease with each back and forth reflection of the Light between parabolic mirror 58 and curved surface 76, the resulting bundle of light, so that it is guided closer to the optical axis 1 with each reflection and then ultimately falls into the light guide 72
  • the reflecting surface 6 is curved so that the light scattered out of the volume area between the parabolic mirror 58 and the surface 76 again into the luminous volume 50, but with a shift Focus is returned to the optical axis 1
  • the light rays reflected at a steep angle by the reflecting surface 6 are also returned to the luminous volume 50.
  • the shapes of the mirror surfaces 6 and 58 are included Using computer programs in a known manner, optimized for maximum output power.
  • the starting values for the computer program should be assumed to be the parabolic surface 6 and the spherical surface 78 with the focal point of the parabolic surface 6 as the center. With this assumption, everyone becomes 35 s from the focal point The resulting light beam is returned to it, while all other light beams are shifted. This means that this starting condition for the computer program already reflects a configuration close to the ideal
  • Such devices are known in particular from laser technology.
  • ring lasers are intended to have a direction opposite to the opposite direction of light propagation.
  • optical isolators are used which allow light to pass completely in one direction, but not in another direction. It is known for the realization of such components , the bundle of light when walking through a certain path Imprint polarization rotation, which increases during the passage in the reverse direction, so that with the help of polarization beam splitters for one beam of light propagating in one direction complete transmission, for light beams in the opposite direction, however, a reduced transmission can be set
  • magneto-optical effect used is low, and this requires high field strengths or a very long length of travel, that is to say high electrical powers and particularly pure materials. All in all, such devices are very complex
  • an essentially parallel bundle of light is split into at least two components and the components are parallelized in one direction and the majority of components are reflected in the opposite direction, so that there is essentially transmission in the first direction and essentially reflection in the opposite direction
  • such a device is implemented by means of a diffraction structure and at least one mirror, the directional asymmetry required for isolators being achieved by mirroring at least one diffraction order
  • the mode of operation of the device can be improved above all by connecting several such devices in series.
  • Such a cascade consists of several devices of the entire type, in which the emerging light bundle of one device is introduced into the subsequent one
  • FIG. 10 shows an exemplary embodiment, on the basis of which the essential elements of the invention are shown first. The most important feature, however, is the diffraction structure 102, with which the intensity of an incoming light bundle 104 is divided into light bundles 104 ', 105, 106 in accordance with different diffraction orders a light bundle arriving from the right in FIG. 10 is split into light bundles 104, 105 ', 106' which exit
  • such a hologram could be produced by first inserting a photo-coated glass plate into the device instead of the diffraction structure 102 and exposing it to laser beams from the desired directions and then developing the photo plate and fixing the structure produced.
  • the photographic image obtained in this way would be a suitable one Diffraction structure 102, which could be produced using simple means and if it was produced as a hologram in the same device in which it is subsequently used, would also reduce the effort for an adjustment, since mechanical tolerances would be taken into account in the hologram obtained in this way
  • the diffraction structure 102 In principle, all types of gratings are possible as the diffraction structure 102.
  • the three-dimensional case can also be considered, in which the lines exemplified for the line grating in the form of concentric rings with uneven ones Radii are arranged Hologram technology is particularly suitable for such complex structures
  • an acousto-optical modulator as the diffraction structure would even allow adjustment to light of several wavelengths and also tuning to a specific wavelength
  • Two mirrors 108 and 109 are arranged, with which the light beams 105 and 106, are diffracted into the first order, are deflected parallel to the zero-order light beam 104 '
  • a light bundle 104 from the left side of the device shown in FIG. 10 is transmitted to the right as a common light bundle consisting of the light bundles 104 '105 106.
  • a light bundle 104' from the right is only transmitted as an intensity-reduced light bundle 104 missing intensities, which are diffracted into the first diffraction order in bundles of light 105 'and 106', are scattered to the side and leave the device unused if it is operated as an isolator
  • two optical elements 110 and 112 marked with broken lines are furthermore arranged, which can be used optionally and which in the above case of the pure isolator are absorbers
  • the bundle of light passing through from the left has a different lateral extension than the one passing through from the right.
  • This difference can be compensated for by arranging an afocal lens system on the right behind the device, which system converts the light bundle 104 ' , 105, 106 existing common light bundle a light bundle of the same transverse extent as the light bundle 104 forms.
  • this is an afocal anamorphic lens system
  • the diffraction structure 102 is designed so that the same amount of light intensity is diffracted in each diffraction order, a bundle of light incident from the right is attenuated to 1/3. For a bundle of light incident from the left, however, full transmission is present under ideal conditions
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 10 is constructed in a rotationally symmetrical manner about an optical axis 114, the diffraction structure 102 being a holographic lens, for example, and the mirrors 108 and 109 being realized as the inner surface of a cone, then there is an even larger one Transmission difference Then the beam 104 has only 1/9 intensity with a bundle of light coming from the right
  • the transmission is only 1/81.
  • the transmission can be reduced as desired, but the transmission from left to right is not significantly affected
  • the reflected light bundles 105 'and 106' are then returned to the Bunches of light 105, 104 'and 106 bent back
  • Such a device is then fully transmitted from the left for a bundle of light 104 and partially reflective from the right for a bundle of light 104'.
  • a more than 95% reflecting mirror can be achieved by cascading several of these devices with incidence from the right and almost full transmission with incidence from the left
  • Structures of this type were not previously known. However, they are suitable, for example, as a resonator mirror for a laser with the lasing medium to the right of the device in FIG. 10 with a fully transmitted laser power from the left. It is to be expected that lasers of higher power can be created with them, since then amplifiers Can be connected in series, whereby the laser excitation of all amplifiers is coherent.This also makes it possible to use lasers with several optical amplifiers, which also have a high luminance in the far field, which was difficult to achieve with previous amplifier arrangements, since there was no suitable option for light emission adding together different amplifiers coherently
  • the device is not very suitable as a laser mirror, since the light bundle 105 does not have the same phase as the light bundle 104 '.
  • suitable conditions can be created for this application, in particular by using a refractive medium 120 a suitable form is provided with which the phases are corrected again, as indicated by the broken lines in FIG. 10.
  • the angle of the mirrors 108 and 109 must be adapted accordingly to this medium so that the output beams are again parallel for the phase correction a corresponding coating of the mirrors 108 and 109 is also provided
  • FIG. 10 A further application of the device can also be seen in FIG. 10, namely if the optical elements 110 and 112 in FIG. 10 are omitted and three light beams are guided in the opposite direction to the light beams 104, 105 ′ and 106 ′ shown, the result is on the other side of FIG Diffraction structure is a total light bundle from the light bundles 104 ', 105 and 106, which is at any location
  • FIG. 11 An example is shown in FIG. 11, in which the Bragg reflection is used. With this reflection, angles of incidence and angles of incidence for the first order are the same. This results in the same phase shift in the incidence on and failure of the diffraction structure 102. A larger grating can then be obtained with simple gratings Generate deflection angle.
  • the first-order output beam also has essentially the same angular divergence as the incident beam. This property would not exist in the example of FIG. 10, as simple calculations show
  • ⁇ is the angle of incidence to the normal of the diffraction structure and ß is the angle of incidence to the normal for the known diffraction equation on the grating
  • n an integer denoting the order, d the grating distance and ⁇ the wavelength
  • the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection, the divergence remains the same, whereas the angle divergences of the partial beams 105 and 106 in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 10 are larger than those of the incident light bundle 104
  • FIG. 11 a diffraction structure is chosen to simplify the illustration, in which a light beam diffracted into the first order runs away from the incident beam at a right angle.
  • the same reference numerals as in FIG. 10 have been inserted, the same function can be seen in both examples , with the difference that in this example only half of the optical components, such as mirrors 108, 109 and optical elements 110, have to be used
  • the diffraction structure 102 is arranged between two identical prisms 122 and 124 which are rotated relative to one another by 180 °.
  • the outer surfaces 126 and 128 of the prisms are parallel to one another. The same applies to the inner surfaces 130 and 132. This causes an angle change through both prisms 122 and 124 canceled when an undiffracted bundle of light passes This property is known from the passage of light through a plane-parallel plate and can also be easily understood by the principle of reversibility of the light paths
  • a bundle of light 104 thus runs out as a bundle of light 104 'in the zero diffraction order regardless of the wavelength in the same direction. However, an offset occurs, but this need not be taken into account here
  • a light bundle 105 broken into the first diffraction order can be seen in FIG. 12.
  • light of this wavelength is more strongly refracted by the prism material of the prisms 122 and 124.
  • Another possibility for reducing the wavelength dependency can be achieved, for example, by the mirrors 108, 109, 110, and 112 given in the example of FIG. 10 and analogously in the example of FIG. 11 again being realized by diffraction gratings 102, since the wavelength dependency is then complete If these diffraction gratings are parallel to the diffraction grating 2, the design of such gratings, which practically only bend in one direction and thus allow only a small scattering loss, are known from the prior art. All of these mirrors 108, 109, 110 can be used , 112 transmitting diffraction structures use, but then behind the corresponding diffraction structures, to which by the
  • FIG. 13 An exemplary embodiment is now shown in FIG. 13, with the aid of which the beam product of a light beam 140 is reduced in a simple manner by means of a diffraction structure
  • the embodiment of FIG. 11 is used as a device for combining two bundles of light.
  • This device itself does not change the beam product, or changes it only slightly, since the diffraction structure 102 is at a very steep angle with respect to the incident bundle of light
  • prisms 120, 122 and 124 have been omitted in order to create a suitable phase condition and to broaden the wavelength spectrum in order to simplify the illustration
  • a light bundle 140 is cast via a mirror 108, which is not necessary for this example, onto the diffraction structure 102, which is left by a light bundle 142 of the first diffraction order.
  • This light bundle 142 then falls on a mirror 144 with an aperture 146 , which only allows a beam of light 148 of reduced diameter to pass through. Because the angular divergence of the input beam 140 is maintained at Bragg reflection on the diffraction structure 102, the beam of light 148 leaving the aperture 146 has a smaller beam product than the incident beam of light 140 because of the smaller diameter
  • the part of the light bundle 142 which does not fall through the aperture 146 is thrown back again and reaches the diffraction structure 102 via mirrors 150, 152, from which it again reaches the mirror 144 and a further part of reduced beam product leaves the device through the aperture 146
  • a device 154 is provided in the beam path with which the bundle of light again thrown onto the aperture 146 is spatially offset, so that a different portion of the bundle of light 140 escapes through the aperture, that is to say a different part of the bundle of light through the aperture with each revolution of the reflected light bundle Diaphragm opening 146 can reach
  • the device 154 was a 50% mirrored zigzag glass structure, as is also indicated in the drawing in FIG.
  • the intensity of the light bundle that emerges from the aperture 146 is also substantially greater here than one whose beam product was reduced only by an aperture 146
  • Loss of light can be reduced by connecting the device with a device that reflects in one direction and transmits in another direction, as discussed in more detail above, for example, with reference to FIG. 10. The reflection of this structure should then point in the direction of the device of FIG. 13 and in Direction towards this to be fully transmissive
  • the optically isolating devices shown do not necessarily have to have a diffraction structure 102.
  • the only thing that matters is that a light bundle is split into different branches on both sides of a structure and on one side of the structures a reflection of a plurality of branches is provided, whereas the individual branches on the other side are paralleled. That is why there is also a simple embodiment with the aid of mirrors, as will be explained by way of example with reference to the following figures
  • the exemplary structure shown in FIGS. 13 and 15 consists of an almost 100% mirrored mirror 202, a mirror arranged at an angle of 45%, with 50% transmission 204 arranged thereon, and a further mirror 206 which is offset parallel to this partially transparent mirror 204 and is arranged at the same angle to parallelize the light beam divided by the partially reflecting mirror 204
  • a light bundle 208 which is incident from the left in this device is divided according to FIG. 14 on the partially transparent mirror 204, 50% being transmitted.
  • the remaining 50% reflected are parallelized via the mirror 206 with respect to the transmitted light bundle 210 as a light bundle 212 with 50% light intensity It can be clearly seen that this arrangement has 100% transmission and any given angular divergence of the incoming light bundle 208 in the output beam is not changed
  • FIG. 15 The same mirror system as in FIG. 14 is shown in FIG. 15. However, this figure is used to explain the manner in which a light bundle 220 or 220 ′ is reflected or transmitted.
  • the light bundle 224 strikes the fully reflecting mirror 202, which reflects it again as a partial light bundle 226.
  • the partial light bundles 226 and 224 on top of each other are drawn separately in order to be able to present the facts more clearly
  • the partial light beam 226 thus again reaches the partially transparent mirror 204, of which half, that is, 25% of the total intensity, is reflected to the right as partial light beam 228, while the same portion passes through the partially transparent mirror 204 and falls again on the fully mirrored mirror 206 and from there it is reflected as a beam of light 230 with 25% of the total intensity to the right
  • 50% are reflected to the right and 50% are transmitted, in contrast to the radiation according to FIG. 14, in which no portion is reflected and 100% has been transmitted
  • a light bundle 220 ′ which first falls on the partially transparent mirror 204 according to FIG. 15.
  • the division takes place analogously to the example of the light bundle 220.
  • the corresponding reference symbols for the same function as for the light bundle 220 have been provided with a line for this example It is immediately apparent that a total of 50% is reflected to the right here, while 50% is transmitted
  • FIGS. 14 and 15 This arrangement with plane mirror structures arranged perpendicular to one another according to FIGS. 14 and 15 is above all advantageous for a rectangular beam such as is expedient, for example, for illuminating LCD or DMD matrixes.
  • a rectangular beam such as is expedient, for example, for illuminating LCD or DMD matrixes.
  • such a device can also be configured axially symmetrically, as is shown, for example, in FIG. 16 is shown, in which the broken line 232 identifies the axis of the rotational symmetry.
  • the mirrors 204 and 206 are then cones or truncated cones.
  • a mirror 202 can then be dispensed with, since the light beam passes through the mirror 204 again without these mirrors due to the rotational symmetry 16 falls on the mirror 204, as can be clearly seen from FIG. 16
  • the rotational symmetry has yet another advantage.
  • the beam divergence generally decreases with the increase in the diameter. That is to say that a partial light beam which is increased to a larger diameter due to the mirrors 204 and 206 with rotational symmetry has a lower divergence with respect to the incident beam The beam product is therefore not significantly changed due to the widening.
  • a subsequent lens system which reduces the bundle of light coming from the mirror 206, but leaves the mean light, for example from the mirror 204, unaffected by holes in the center of the lens system, changes the beam product of the transmitted beam only a little, which makes such structures very suitable for cascading, since that Failing light bundle has only a slightly enlarged diameter compared to the incident light bundle
  • FIG. 17 shows, for example, a system whose output beam is not significantly enlarged in diameter compared to the input beam, the total reflectance being 80%.
  • the mirror 204 is divided in stages in equal parts with 80% reflection, 75% reflection, 66% reflection, and 50% reflection, which leads to the fact that the same proportion of the reflecting back and forth between the mirrors 204 and 206 Beam of light, as shown at 240, is passed through mirror 204.
  • An afocal lens system indicated here as lenses 242 and 244, again reduces the beam diameter so that the angular divergence is equal to the original divergence.
  • the light transmitted through the center of mirror 204 is due to holes 246 and 248 in the lenses 242 and 2 44 left unaffected and therefore also has the same beam divergence as the incident light beam
  • This device has a glass cone vapor-coated with a partially reflecting layer 95, and one with a mirrored one Inner cone 97 provided outer cone 98 with an opening of the diaphragm 2 on.
  • a light beam 101 of a bundle of light incident in the vicinity of the optical axis 1 will pass through the opening of the diaphragm 2 after penetration of the partial mirroring.
  • a light beam 103 incident far from the optical axis 1 will follow Transmission through the layer 95 between layers 95 and 97 is reflected and reflected until it fails through the opening of the diaphragm 2, if it is not reflected back into the insulation by the partially reflecting layer 95, where it is due to the high degree of reflection of the insulating device ng is however reflected back and again between the two cones 95 and 97
  • This example has a simple structure, but is only recommended here for low-divergence input bundles.
  • it has proven to be cheaper to define two orthogonal coordinates X and Y perpendicular to optical axis 1 and to provide parallel plates instead of cones 95 and 97, which bundle the incident light bundle for one of the coordinates X or Y in the aperture of the aperture 2, which is then designed as a slot.
  • These parallel plates are then guided through a second parallel pair of plates for a complete bundle in both directional components, which, the light bundle subsequently, in the other direction Y or X compressed
  • Fig. 19 shows why this type of bundling, separated in the X and Y direction, is less expensive than radial bundling between layers 95 and 97 A light beam that is in a location with radius R1 because of the of
  • s ⁇ 1 be the reduction factor of the beam product of a stage, i.e. since the angle of plane-parallel plates remains unchanged, the radius of the outgoing beam to that of the incident beam, a reduction of the beam product is achieved at m steps without having to take angular changes into account von s
  • reflections are required per level 2s, in each case s on surface 95 and s on surface 97. Because of the separate reduction for x and y direction, 4sm reflections are then required in the entire cascade in order to increase the maximum radius that of the last opening of the diaphragm 2 in the cascade to arrive at the presence of a reflectance r
  • FIG. 20 Such an exemplary embodiment is shown schematically in FIG. 20, where the device 15, which is designed, for example, according to the example of FIG. 17 and can be viewed as a simple mirror in FIG. 20 when the reflections are viewed from the right, from a zigzag-shaped glass plate 154 followed, which is partially mirrored on both sides.
  • This mirroring means for a light beam 250 appearing on this glass plate 154 either a passage, which should not be considered here, or a statistically distributed shift due to the passage of different portions of reflecting layers of the zigzag - Structures of the glass plate 154, a back reflection as a beam 252 at different locations.
  • an additional partially transmissive mirror 95 ' is arranged, which substantially reduces the step size of the back-and-forth reflection in the vicinity of the diaphragm 2, as a result of which a bundle of light which strikes the mirror 97 from the optical axis 1 has a larger step than that near the opening of the diaphragm 2, which drastically reduces the total number of reflections to reduce the beam product and thus the absorption losses
  • FIG. 21 A further example is shown in FIG. 21, in which not only the diameter of the output beam but also the angular divergence is changed.
  • an isolator structure On the left-hand side of line 260, an isolator structure is arranged, as has already been described with reference to FIG. 17. This isolator structure is around the optical axis 1 is rotationally symmetrical Beam of light is thereby raised to a larger diameter, so that the
  • the transmission from the left is then no longer 100%, but only 80%, you can increase this by, for example, arranging a partially transparent mirror with a lower reflectance on the plane indicated by line 260 or by connecting another isolator with a partially transparent one Mirrors with only 50% reflection on line 260 already achieve 90% transmission from the left and 90% reflection from the right
  • the degree of reflection is further increased by the partial mirroring of the mirror 95 on the right side of the structure shown on the line 260
  • the structure to the right of line 260 consists of plane-parallel plates which bundle the light in stages in an X direction, which are followed once again by an identical set of plane-parallel plates in the Y direction, which is not shown, however
  • This structure 264 consists of several partially mirrored mirrors 266.
  • the light that cannot pass between the plates 95 'and 97 through the opening of the diaphragm 2 is directed onto the mirror 267 by the partially mirrored mirrors 266 , which then lead the bundle of light directly into the space between the mirrors 95 ' and 97, from where they are then guided into the aperture 2
  • a mirror surface 268 is also provided, which guides light bundles from the direction of the optical isolator in the vicinity of the optical axis 1 into the intermediate space between the partially mirrored mirror surface 95 and the mirror surface 97, in order to likewise guide them to the opening of the diaphragm 2
  • the structure has not been shown completely here, but has only been shown on one side of the optical axis 1, and in principle must be continued symmetrically downward with respect to FIG In the device shown in FIG. 21, it is particularly interesting that the light bundle emerging from the aperture 2 not only has a smaller diameter than the input beam, but also that the divergence is reduced. The reduction in the divergence is due to the
  • the devices and the cascades can also be used to improve the beam product in laser beams, which opens up a further large area of application for the invention

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif permettant d'améliorer le produit faisceau d'un faisceau lumineux principal (3) ou d'un éventail lumineux (3') incident. Ce dispositif comprend une ouverture de diaphragme (2) qui ne laisse passer qu'un faisceau lumineux de sortie ou un éventail lumineux de sortie (3'') avec un produit faisceau réduit. L'ouverture de diaphragme (2) est entourée par une première surface réfléchissante ou est placée dans une première surface réfléchissante (6; 62; 97). Cette surface réfléchissante (6; 62; 97) refléchit vers un système optique la lumière du faisceau lumineux principal (3) ou de l'éventail lumineux principal (3') qui ne traverse pas l'ouverture de diaphragme (2) et ce système optique (20, 16) renvoie cette lumière dans le faisceau lumineux principal (3) ou l'éventail lumineux principal (3') incident, notamment avec un autre angle, déplacé par rapport à cet angle, et/ou augmenté ou réduit.
PCT/EP1999/006310 1998-09-07 1999-08-27 Dispositif permettant d'ameliorer le produit faisceau WO2000014588A1 (fr)

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EP99946045A EP1110119A1 (fr) 1998-09-07 1999-08-27 Dispositif permettant d'ameliorer le produit faisceau

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DE1998140769 DE19840769A1 (de) 1998-09-07 1998-09-07 Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung des Strahlproduktes und Kaskaden von mehreren dieser Vorrichtungen
DE19840769.6 1998-09-07
DE19915369.8 1999-04-06
DE19915369 1999-04-06

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Cited By (1)

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EP1258743A2 (fr) * 2001-05-14 2002-11-20 Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. Appareil d'imagerie optique

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DE3818129A1 (de) * 1988-05-27 1989-11-30 Lambda Physik Forschung Vorrichtung zum begrenzen von laserstrahlen
US5309339A (en) * 1992-06-24 1994-05-03 The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Inc. Concentrator for laser light
GB2273976A (en) * 1992-12-28 1994-07-06 Ford Motor Co Apparatus for collecting and transmitting light
EP0691552A2 (fr) * 1994-06-28 1996-01-10 Corning Incorporated Appareil pour illumination uniforme d'une vanne de lumière
US5546222A (en) * 1992-11-18 1996-08-13 Lightwave Electronics Corporation Multi-pass light amplifier

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DE3818129A1 (de) * 1988-05-27 1989-11-30 Lambda Physik Forschung Vorrichtung zum begrenzen von laserstrahlen
US5309339A (en) * 1992-06-24 1994-05-03 The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Inc. Concentrator for laser light
US5546222A (en) * 1992-11-18 1996-08-13 Lightwave Electronics Corporation Multi-pass light amplifier
GB2273976A (en) * 1992-12-28 1994-07-06 Ford Motor Co Apparatus for collecting and transmitting light
EP0691552A2 (fr) * 1994-06-28 1996-01-10 Corning Incorporated Appareil pour illumination uniforme d'une vanne de lumière

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1258743A2 (fr) * 2001-05-14 2002-11-20 Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. Appareil d'imagerie optique
EP1258743A3 (fr) * 2001-05-14 2004-05-12 Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. Appareil d'imagerie optique
US6816237B2 (en) 2001-05-14 2004-11-09 Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. Imaging optical instrument
US6927924B2 (en) 2001-05-14 2005-08-09 Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. Imaging optical instrument
EP1637909A2 (fr) 2001-05-14 2006-03-22 Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. Instrument optique dýimagerie
EP1637909A3 (fr) * 2001-05-14 2006-04-12 Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. Instrument optique dýimagerie

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