WO1999061183A2 - Beschichtetes metallpulver und verfahren zu seiner herstellung - Google Patents
Beschichtetes metallpulver und verfahren zu seiner herstellung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999061183A2 WO1999061183A2 PCT/EP1999/003505 EP9903505W WO9961183A2 WO 1999061183 A2 WO1999061183 A2 WO 1999061183A2 EP 9903505 W EP9903505 W EP 9903505W WO 9961183 A2 WO9961183 A2 WO 9961183A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- coated
- metal
- coating
- produced
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/17—Metallic particles coated with metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D17/16—Apparatus for electrolytic coating of small objects in bulk
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
Definitions
- the invention relates to a coated metal powder which is particularly suitable for powder metallurgical processes, a process for its production and workpieces made therefrom.
- Powder metallurgical manufacturing processes have been known for years and exist for a wide variety of applications.
- the motivation to manufacture materials using powder metallurgy can have various reasons. Since the melting metallurgical production is generally cheaper than the powder metallurgy, this process is only used if the corresponding materials cannot be melt-metallurgically produced, or only at extremely high expense, as occurs with high-melting metals such as molybdenum or tungsten, or if the required properties cannot be achieved with a material produced by melt metallurgy, for example a required high ductility with relatively brittle materials. In the latter case, a second phase consisting of a different metal is added, so that a multi-phase material is formed.
- a common manufacturing method for two-phase materials is the use of a powder mixture that contains both metals.
- the compact metal then results from a sintering process in which, in the case of liquid phase sintering, the lower melting metal is melted on or melted on and the powder particles of the higher melting metal are embedded in the lower melting matrix. In the case of solid phase sintering, the melting temperature of the lower melting metal is not reached.
- the powder particles are connected by diffusion processes
- the aim of the invention is to provide materials for powder metallurgy and powder metallurgical workpieces which permit or have a quasi-ideal matrix distribution and avoid working processes at high temperatures and long process times for the sintering processes. This would enable easier to handle and less costly manufacturing processes.
- coated metal powder of the type mentioned at the outset which has at least one essentially pure, electrochemically uniform and pore-free applied metallic layer, the layer thickness of each layer being in the range from 0.5 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the metallic powder particles according to the invention have an electrochemical one applied metallic coating that serves as a matrix. This ensures the coating of each powder particle of the higher melting metal and the complete covering of all particle surfaces with the lower melting matrix material.
- the metal powders coated according to the invention are preferably those with a particle diameter in the range from 0.4 ⁇ m to 5 mm and in particular 1 ⁇ m to 1 mm.
- the metal powders coated according to the invention have at least one electrochemically applied metallic layer. Expediently, however, it is more than just one of these layers, it being possible to obtain powders with 20 or more layers without problems.
- the combination of electroless and electrochemical coating is also possible in such a way that a first or base layer is produced using an electroless coating method, on which further electrochemically applied layers are deposited.
- a particular advantage of the powder coated according to the invention lies in the purity of the metal layers applied.
- the electroless galvanic coating generally leads to the deposition of metal alloys with non-metallic components such as phosphorus and boron.
- the deposition of nickel and copper regularly includes phosphorus.
- the electrochemical coating according to the invention ensures an extraordinarily high purity and thus the quality of the coatings. This purity naturally affects the properties of the metal layers and thus also the processing properties and conditions that have to be used for the manufacture of the objects produced by powder metallurgy.
- the invention not only enables the application of several layers of one and the same metal to the powder to be coated, but in particular also the successive application of different metal layers. In particular, alternating layers of two metals of defined thickness can be applied in this way, alloys being able to form in the interface area via diffusion processes.
- This alloy formation can be influenced by the choice of the deposition conditions, in particular via the layer thicknesses. With a given mixing zone in the interface area, a small layer thickness naturally becomes a small proportion of alloy and a high layer thickness becomes a high proportion of alloy. In the case of powder metallurgical processing of the powders coated according to the invention, these tendencies toward alloy formation already present during the deposition are further promoted and deepened, in particular when high degrees of deformation are exercised.
- powders of all possible metals and alloys come into consideration as metal powders to be coated.
- Molybdenum, tungsten and steel powders, high-strength and hardening steels are particularly suitable.
- suitable coating materials are copper, tin, iron or nickel or alloys of these metals.
- the powders to be coated can be of any shape, for example essentially spherical or irregularly spattered, or they can be fiber-shaped. In any case, it must be a pourable powder. Forming the coated powders into another powder form, for example by forging, is also an option.
- the coated metal powders according to the invention have total layer thicknesses of, for example, 0.5 to 30 or 50 ⁇ m.
- the coated metal powders according to the invention can be produced by a method which has the following steps: introducing the metal powder to be coated into a metal electrolyte bath equipped with electrodes, generating a flow within the bath which is sufficient to move or move the metal powder to take along and with at least one live coating bringing the electrode into contact, maintaining the flow for a time sufficient to produce the desired layer thickness and, if necessary, repeating the coating process one or more times with the same or a different electrolyte.
- “Moving” in connection with the method according to the invention means that the powder is whirled up, carried along in the flow, brought into a fluidized bed or is otherwise guided against the coating electrode.
- the invention further relates to a method for producing coated metal powder, in particular for metal workpieces which can be produced by powder metallurgy, comprising the steps: introducing metal powder to be coated into a metal electrolyte bath equipped with electrodes, generating a flow within the bath which is sufficient to move or take the metal powder and contact with at least one live coating electrode and maintain the flow for a time sufficient to produce the desired layer thickness.
- a metal electrolyte bath equipped with electrodes generating a flow within the bath which is sufficient to move or take the metal powder and contact with at least one live coating electrode and maintain the flow for a time sufficient to produce the desired layer thickness.
- Normal galvanic baths are used as electrolyte baths.
- each individual contact time must be so short that the powder particles cannot be embedded in the metal layer formed on the electrode. It is therefore crucial to bring the metal powder to be coated into contact with the coating electrode with sufficient frequency, and the individual contact time should be extremely short. This is best produced by the metal powder being guided against the coating electrode by a flow and either carried on in the same flow or separated again from the electrode under the influence of gravity.
- this can be done, for example, by generating a fluidized bed from the metal powder below the coating electrode or by carrying the Metal powder within a flow against one or a series of electrodes.
- the number of contacts with the electrodes is decisive for the layer thickness of the coating.
- the coating process is repeated correspondingly frequently.
- the invention also relates to workpieces produced by powder metallurgy, which are produced from a powder according to the invention, as described above. Furthermore, the invention relates to the shaping of the powders produced according to the invention into other shapes which are advantageous for powder metallurgy, for example by shaping into fibers in a corresponding forging process.
- the method according to the invention can be carried out, for example, in the system shown in FIG. 1, which consists of the actual electrolyte container 1 with its electrode internals and a circuit 2 in which the electrolyte is pumped around.
- the electrolyte container contains a cathode 3 arranged in the base area and an anode 4 arranged in the high area, which are supplied with current via electrical connections 5 and 6.
- the current forms and voltages common and possible in electroplating are used.
- the container 1 Via a filler neck 7, the container 1 can be charged with the powder to be coated, which accumulates in the space 20 below the cathode.
- the powder to be coated in the space 20 is whirled up by means of electrolytes pumped in under pressure via the membrane pump 8 and the line 21 and guided against the cathode 3.
- Fixed bed filters 22 in the lower and upper region of the container 1 ensure that the powder to be coated or coated remains inside the container.
- a detergent container 11, an electrolyte container 12 and a waste container 10 are connected to the circuit 2. Different valves and taps allow the connection or removal of these containers and the diversion of the liquid flows as required.
- a diaphragm pump 8 ensures that Build up the pressure necessary to maintain the fluidized bed in container 1.
- a candle filter 9 upstream of the membrane pump 8 protects the membrane pump from entrained particles.
- the arrangement and number of the cathode surfaces must increase the probability of each process, based on the unit of time.
- the residence time on the cathode surface must not be so long that powder particles are built into the coating of the cathode surface, which, like all electrochemical processes, is also coated. This is taken into account by the arrangement of the cathode, the introduction of the powder particles into a turbulent flow or a fluidized bed and the selection of the electrode shape. Expanded metal grids as well as radiation-shaped sheets, cone-shaped electrodes and the like come into consideration, wherein by inclining or angling particular flow effects can be achieved in relation to the same or a subsequent electrode.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of a multiple coating of a Cu89Sn11 grain with alternating nickel / iron layers with a single layer thickness of approximately 10 ⁇ m.
- the metal-coated powder according to the invention is suitable for any type of powder metallurgical processing. According to the invention
- the further processing and compacting of the powder according to the invention can be carried out, for example, by a thermomechanical treatment in a tubular hollow body while avoiding gas entrapment.
- the powder is welded into such a hollow body.
- the thermomechanical treatment is carried out by heating the sleeve with the powder to a temperature which permits recrystallization of the lower melting matrix metal and subsequent forming in a conventional fine forging machine. The heating process is set so that a uniform temperature of the entire workpiece is achieved. With a normal forming time, a completely compact material without residual pore volume is obtained, the microstructure of which corresponds to that of a kneading material. In fact, there are no interfaces between adjacent particles of the higher-melting core metal that are not coated with matrix material.
- the electrochemical coating achieves a high purity of the matrix layer, which has a positive effect on its properties, in particular ductility. Due to the extremely dense and homogeneous covering of the surfaces of the coated material, problems due to internal oxidation and the like also disappear with sensitive materials. In addition to good ductility, there is good-natured behavior in the event of sudden or dynamic stress.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU42656/99A AU4265699A (en) | 1998-05-26 | 1999-05-21 | Coated metal powder and method for producing the same |
EP99953310A EP1089843A2 (de) | 1998-05-26 | 1999-05-21 | Beschichtetes metallpulver und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19823341.8 | 1998-05-26 | ||
DE19823341A DE19823341A1 (de) | 1998-05-26 | 1998-05-26 | Beschichtetes Metallpulver und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999061183A2 true WO1999061183A2 (de) | 1999-12-02 |
WO1999061183A3 WO1999061183A3 (de) | 2000-02-17 |
Family
ID=7868872
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1999/003505 WO1999061183A2 (de) | 1998-05-26 | 1999-05-21 | Beschichtetes metallpulver und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1089843A2 (de) |
AU (1) | AU4265699A (de) |
DE (1) | DE19823341A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1999061183A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10016024A1 (de) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-04 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Aktives Anodenmaterial in elektrochemischen Zellen und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
CN102851726B (zh) * | 2011-06-30 | 2016-08-10 | 扬州市金杨电镀设备有限公司 | 小零件电镀装置 |
DE102016216859A1 (de) | 2016-09-06 | 2018-03-08 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines Bauteils mit einem pulverbettbasierten additiven Fertigungsverfahren und Pulver zur Verwendung in einem solchen Verfahren |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4120758A (en) * | 1975-09-09 | 1978-10-17 | Rippere Ralph E | Production of powder metallurgy alloys |
US4908106A (en) * | 1988-04-25 | 1990-03-13 | Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd. | Electroplating of fine particles with metal |
WO1997041279A1 (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 1997-11-06 | Materials Innovation Inc. | Electrochemical fluidized bed coating of powders |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE625315C (de) * | 1932-06-08 | 1936-02-07 | Watson H Woodford | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bleigeschossen |
JPH07207185A (ja) * | 1994-01-21 | 1995-08-08 | Kawazumi Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk | 被覆パラジウム微粉末および導電性ペースト |
US6103392A (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 2000-08-15 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Tungsten-copper composite powder |
-
1998
- 1998-05-26 DE DE19823341A patent/DE19823341A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-05-21 WO PCT/EP1999/003505 patent/WO1999061183A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-05-21 EP EP99953310A patent/EP1089843A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-05-21 AU AU42656/99A patent/AU4265699A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4120758A (en) * | 1975-09-09 | 1978-10-17 | Rippere Ralph E | Production of powder metallurgy alloys |
US4908106A (en) * | 1988-04-25 | 1990-03-13 | Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd. | Electroplating of fine particles with metal |
WO1997041279A1 (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 1997-11-06 | Materials Innovation Inc. | Electrochemical fluidized bed coating of powders |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1089843A2 (de) | 2001-04-11 |
DE19823341A1 (de) | 1999-12-02 |
AU4265699A (en) | 1999-12-13 |
WO1999061183A3 (de) | 2000-02-17 |
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