WO1999056531A1 - Bedding for pets - Google Patents
Bedding for pets Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999056531A1 WO1999056531A1 PCT/CZ1999/000008 CZ9900008W WO9956531A1 WO 1999056531 A1 WO1999056531 A1 WO 1999056531A1 CZ 9900008 W CZ9900008 W CZ 9900008W WO 9956531 A1 WO9956531 A1 WO 9956531A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- bedding
- per cent
- mass
- granules
- pets
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 20
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 13
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000700198 Cavia Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000699800 Cricetinae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000270708 Testudinidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000026935 allergic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000172 allergic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007815 allergy Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010692 aromatic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002781 deodorant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005802 health problem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
- A01K1/0154—Litter comprising inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
- A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a bedding for pets such as cats, bunnies, hamsters, guinea pigs, tortoises, mice, laboratory animals etc.
- the conventional materials used as bedding for pets consist mostly of granules or pellets that vary as to their shape and composition.
- the shape of granules depends on the type of production process and their composition depends on the material used in the production process.
- the materials may be porous materials, water insoluble materials and those that comprise cellulose in the form of wood or paper.
- Other additives added to the bedding may be such as lime, calcium hydrate, plaster and further mostly mineral in water insoluble compounds.
- DE DAS 29 02 079 describes a bedding for animals made of a porous material or comprising a porous material.
- the porous material is grainy or powdery calcium silicate.
- the radius of pores is lesser than 500 microns.
- DE DOS 27 28 860 describes a bedding designed specifically for cats and is made of an expanded material having the specific mass between 50 to 200 grams per liter.
- the bedding comprises quartz and oxidized elements such as MgO, K2O, Fe2 ⁇ , AI2O3 and CaCO ⁇ .
- DE DOS 31 21 403 describes a bedding made of porous inorganic material or comprising a porous material.
- the bedding pH value lies between 5.0 and 9.0.
- the porous material is made as a mixture comprising pumice, clay, quartz and calcium silicate in the form of granules or powder.
- DE 36 44 626 is directed to a bedding made of a mixture of filling agents, plaster and accelerators.
- the material is mixed in dry state and pressed under substantially great pressure.
- EPA 0 453 414 a grainy material made of inorganic substances such as "bentonit "sepiolit” and “polygorskit” is known. This material is preferably designed for absorption of oil compounds and is suitable also for absorption of biologic liquids.
- the Czech patent 28 2331 shows a bedding for pets having the shape of granules and containing more than 50 % parts of pure cellulose. Some disadvantage involved is that the bedding is rather light and is being therefore scattered around the bowls.
- DE DOS 26 20 709 describes a bedding for animals kept in stables and cowsheds.
- the bedding comprises wooden sawdust, peat and aromatic oils.
- DE DOS 27 28 752 a bedding for pets is shown whose predominant portion i.e. 75 to 80 per cent by weight is sawdust while the rest is completed by peat.
- the CH pat. No. 680 894 describes a bedding containing up to 35 to 75 per cent by weight of fibrous waste materials produced by the paper and cellulose industry and/or devices for wet process fibers treatment.
- the rest are additives such as lime, calcium hydrate, and/or plaster.
- the granulate is shaped to form beads having diameter between 1 mm and 10 mm.
- the bead surface is covered by mineral powder which serves also as a deodorant.
- the US patent 5 176 107 - describes a bedding for pets where a portion of the adhesive material is also cellulose or cellulose comprising materials that represent less than 25 % of the total product weight.
- the US patent 5 172 652 describes an absorber of home animals excrements scents.
- a bedding material is present which comprises a recycle susceptible paper.
- the US patent No. 5 176 652 describes a bedding for pets where a portion of the adhesive material is cellulose or cellulose containing materials as the case may be that represent less than 25 % of the total weight of this product.
- the types of bedding that contain predominantly inorganic, in water insoluble components are usually made of broken natural porous solid compounds.
- the bedding made of special broken stones is not sufficiently convenient for pets. The sharp edges may injure animal's little pawns and therefor the animals avoid such bedding as they can.
- the shape of bedding formed as bead granules is more convenient.
- Another disadvantage of a bedding made of porous non-combustible solid compounds is that it increases the amount of home waste the disposal of which encounters growing difficulties. An increased dust content percentage caused by handling and transport has an allergic effect on certain animals and their attendance.
- Another disadvantage of some bedding types is low absorption of liquids and scents what results in the requirement for more frequent exchange and thus greater consumption of bedding materials.
- the aforementioned difficulties associated with the conventional type of bedding are to considerable extent remedied by a bedding for pets having in the form of bead granules made of a waste of hygienic products designed for absorption of human liquid comprising more than 50 per cent by mass of cellulose and 0.1 to 1 per cent by mass of an absorber.
- the main feature of the invention consists in that the bedding comprises 5 to 17 per cent by mass of gypsum and 3 to 15 per cent by mass of a partly plasticized olefin polymer.
- the effect of the invention may be increased by adding thereto 0.1 to 0.2 per cent by mass of a wetting agent, by adjusting the specific mass of the bedding to the value between 250 and 450 kg
- the used combination of components and large active surface of the bedding according to the invention provide for exceeded absorption of liquid excrement and scents.
- the absorption of liquid excrements is due to a new combination of components increased by 300 to 1000 per cent by mass.
- the scent absorption is also considerably increased.
- Such solution also substantially decreases the scattering of bedding around the cats amenities.
- the geometric granule shape is close to a body with a maximum geometric surface.
- the bedding is almost dust free and includes no components causing allergy or other health problems. The same applies to the animals dwelling on the bedding as well as to their attendance.
- the bedding according to the invention exploits waste from industrial production of materials designed for absorption of human body liquids.
- the material is absolutely unobjectionable as to the health and hygienic point of view which material should otherwise be disposed of by another undesired method, for example by burning.
- the used bedding may be disposed of by composting. The price of the bedding is lower as compared with similar products.
- the bedding is made as granules in the form of cylinders.
- the diameter of a cylinder is between 5 and 10 mm.
- the high of the cylinder is equal to its diameter or differs by no more than 30 % with respect to its diameter.
- the granule dimensions are adjusted with respect to the kind and size of animals for which the bedding is designed.
- the bedding contains more than 50 per cent by mass of cellulose.
- the compound representing the required cellulose percentage is added in the form of cellulose, paper, cotton, viscose staple and otherwise.
- the bedding also contains 5 to 17 per cent by mass of mineral additive - gypsum.
- the gypsum is dosed as powder substance in the final stage of granulating process so that the prevailing portion of this additive is concentrated near the granule surface.
- Both aforesaid components then in combination provide for higher absorption capacity of liquid excrements and scents. They also effect the course of the absorption process. This results in the situation where the upper bedding layers remain relatively dry while the devaluation of the bedding accrues from the bottom.
- the consistency of granules is secured by adding of 5 to 15 per cent by mass of a partly plasticized olefm polymer.
- the olefin polymer is present in granules in the form of micro-foil shreds and cuttings of regular or irregular shape. It may also have the form of a non-woven textile etc.
- an absorber in the range from 0.1 to 0.2 per cent by mass is added.
- a wetting agent added to the extent from 0.1 to 0.1 per cent by mass reduces the free surface energy between the active bedding surface and the liquid excrement drops that are spread over the active surface. The total absorption capacity is thus increased.
- the wetting agents as well as absorbers are conventional and commercial compounds offered by manufacturers under various trade names.
- the bedding may be enriched by various aromatic compounds.
- the density of bedding is ranging from 3 250 to 450 g /m .
- the low specific mass of the bedding is furthered by the composition of the used materials as well as by a new technological process of granules production.
- the composition and size of different types of bedding designed for the use with various kind of animals are summarized in the following examples.
- a bedding made as granules of 5 mm in diameter and 5 mm in length suitable for cats, hamsters and mice.
- a bedding made as granules of 8 mm in diameter and 8 mm in length suitable for laboratory animals. Material % by mass
- the sorted and dried granules free of fragments and dust particles arising in the course of manufacturing are put in bags and expedited.
- the used bedding is disposed of by composting.
- the bedding according to this invention may be used in keeping and breeding of pets and laboratory animals.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99907232A EP1089616A1 (en) | 1998-05-05 | 1999-03-23 | Bedding for pets |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CZPV1376-98 | 1998-05-05 | ||
CZ19981376A CZ288405B6 (en) | 1998-05-05 | 1998-05-05 | Bedding for petty animals |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999056531A1 true WO1999056531A1 (en) | 1999-11-11 |
Family
ID=5463194
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CZ1999/000008 WO1999056531A1 (en) | 1998-05-05 | 1999-03-23 | Bedding for pets |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1089616A1 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ288405B6 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999056531A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002089564A1 (en) * | 2001-05-08 | 2002-11-14 | Seppo Rissanen | Method for producing of material for drying and absorbing and a drying and absorbing material |
EP1273226A1 (en) * | 2001-07-06 | 2003-01-08 | Uni-Heartous Corporation | Granular absorbant article for pet animals |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CZ2007162A3 (en) | 2007-02-27 | 2008-09-10 | Asan-Cz S. R. O. | Process for producing environment-friendly multipurpose litter |
Citations (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2620709A1 (en) | 1975-01-27 | 1977-11-17 | Falienor Vivy Sa Ets | Litter for animals |
DE2728860A1 (en) | 1976-07-06 | 1978-01-12 | Eparco Sa | Litter for animal cages, especially for cats |
DE2728752A1 (en) | 1977-06-25 | 1979-01-18 | Daimler Benz Ag | Heater control for car - includes control balance lever to combine temperature setting with measured level in car interior |
DE2902079B1 (en) | 1979-01-19 | 1979-11-08 | Minora Forsch Entwicklung | Animal litter |
DE2902101A1 (en) | 1979-01-19 | 1980-08-07 | Minora Forsch Entwicklung | Lightweight porous calcium silicate animal litter panel - with low pore size and high absorption and adsorption capacity |
DE3121403A1 (en) | 1981-05-29 | 1983-01-05 | Effem Gmbh, 2810 Verden | LIVESTOCK AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
US4570573A (en) * | 1984-10-18 | 1986-02-18 | Cincinnati Fiber Inc. | Composition useful as a cat litter, plant mulch, or grease and oil absorbent |
EP0453414A1 (en) | 1990-04-17 | 1991-10-23 | Laviosa Chimica Mineraria S.P.A. | Granular material, in particular of clayey nature, for the adsorption of oily and biological liquids and relative method of production |
CH680894A5 (en) | 1989-04-10 | 1992-12-15 | Organ Faser Technology Co | |
US5172652A (en) | 1991-05-28 | 1992-12-22 | Dobrin Robert J | Absorbent pet waste container |
US5176652A (en) | 1989-12-22 | 1993-01-05 | Cordis Corporation | Hemostasis valve |
US5176107A (en) | 1989-07-24 | 1993-01-05 | Buschur Jeffrey J | Pet litter |
US5215041A (en) * | 1989-04-10 | 1993-06-01 | Organ-Faser Technology Company N.V. | Method for the manufacture of animal litter and animal litter |
EP0718081A2 (en) * | 1994-12-20 | 1996-06-26 | POPE (UK) Limited | Improvements in or relating to apparatus for forming pellets |
WO1997002738A1 (en) * | 1995-07-12 | 1997-01-30 | Kabushikikaisha Daiki | Animal excreta disposing material and process for the production thereof |
CZ282331B6 (en) | 1995-03-10 | 1997-06-11 | Jankovský Jiří | Litter for small animals |
US5664523A (en) * | 1994-06-09 | 1997-09-09 | Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Materials for the treatment of pet excretions |
-
1998
- 1998-05-05 CZ CZ19981376A patent/CZ288405B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1999
- 1999-03-23 EP EP99907232A patent/EP1089616A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-03-23 WO PCT/CZ1999/000008 patent/WO1999056531A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2620709A1 (en) | 1975-01-27 | 1977-11-17 | Falienor Vivy Sa Ets | Litter for animals |
DE2728860A1 (en) | 1976-07-06 | 1978-01-12 | Eparco Sa | Litter for animal cages, especially for cats |
DE2728752A1 (en) | 1977-06-25 | 1979-01-18 | Daimler Benz Ag | Heater control for car - includes control balance lever to combine temperature setting with measured level in car interior |
DE2902079B1 (en) | 1979-01-19 | 1979-11-08 | Minora Forsch Entwicklung | Animal litter |
DE2902101A1 (en) | 1979-01-19 | 1980-08-07 | Minora Forsch Entwicklung | Lightweight porous calcium silicate animal litter panel - with low pore size and high absorption and adsorption capacity |
DE3121403A1 (en) | 1981-05-29 | 1983-01-05 | Effem Gmbh, 2810 Verden | LIVESTOCK AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
US4570573A (en) * | 1984-10-18 | 1986-02-18 | Cincinnati Fiber Inc. | Composition useful as a cat litter, plant mulch, or grease and oil absorbent |
CH680894A5 (en) | 1989-04-10 | 1992-12-15 | Organ Faser Technology Co | |
US5215041A (en) * | 1989-04-10 | 1993-06-01 | Organ-Faser Technology Company N.V. | Method for the manufacture of animal litter and animal litter |
US5176107A (en) | 1989-07-24 | 1993-01-05 | Buschur Jeffrey J | Pet litter |
US5176652A (en) | 1989-12-22 | 1993-01-05 | Cordis Corporation | Hemostasis valve |
EP0453414A1 (en) | 1990-04-17 | 1991-10-23 | Laviosa Chimica Mineraria S.P.A. | Granular material, in particular of clayey nature, for the adsorption of oily and biological liquids and relative method of production |
US5172652A (en) | 1991-05-28 | 1992-12-22 | Dobrin Robert J | Absorbent pet waste container |
US5664523A (en) * | 1994-06-09 | 1997-09-09 | Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Materials for the treatment of pet excretions |
EP0718081A2 (en) * | 1994-12-20 | 1996-06-26 | POPE (UK) Limited | Improvements in or relating to apparatus for forming pellets |
CZ282331B6 (en) | 1995-03-10 | 1997-06-11 | Jankovský Jiří | Litter for small animals |
WO1997002738A1 (en) * | 1995-07-12 | 1997-01-30 | Kabushikikaisha Daiki | Animal excreta disposing material and process for the production thereof |
US5900253A (en) * | 1995-07-12 | 1999-05-04 | Kabushikikaisha Daiki | Mammalian excrement treating material and process for producing the same |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002089564A1 (en) * | 2001-05-08 | 2002-11-14 | Seppo Rissanen | Method for producing of material for drying and absorbing and a drying and absorbing material |
EP1273226A1 (en) * | 2001-07-06 | 2003-01-08 | Uni-Heartous Corporation | Granular absorbant article for pet animals |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1089616A1 (en) | 2001-04-11 |
CZ288405B6 (en) | 2001-06-13 |
CZ137698A3 (en) | 1999-11-17 |
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