WO1999046846A1 - Systeme de ventilation pour bobinage d'excitation de grandes machines a pole saillant - Google Patents

Systeme de ventilation pour bobinage d'excitation de grandes machines a pole saillant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999046846A1
WO1999046846A1 PCT/DE1999/000694 DE9900694W WO9946846A1 WO 1999046846 A1 WO1999046846 A1 WO 1999046846A1 DE 9900694 W DE9900694 W DE 9900694W WO 9946846 A1 WO9946846 A1 WO 9946846A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
winding
pole
ventilation system
excitation
openings
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1999/000694
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Heinz-Dieter Eberhardt
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to EP99916787A priority Critical patent/EP1062719A1/fr
Priority to JP2000536126A priority patent/JP2002507109A/ja
Priority to BR9909244-1A priority patent/BR9909244A/pt
Priority to CA002322422A priority patent/CA2322422A1/fr
Publication of WO1999046846A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999046846A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/24—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors with channels or ducts for cooling medium between the conductors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ventilation system for a star-shaped excitation system of a salient pole machine, wherein a gaseous cooling medium forces the cooling of the excitation winding.
  • Such salient pole machines are generally used as generators, in particular hydropower generators.
  • FIG. 6 The principle of a salient pole machine is shown in FIG. 6: on the cylindrical inner surface of a stator part 30 there is a winding 31, e.g. Coils inserted in grooves are arranged around the excitation system rotating about the rotor axis 32.
  • This excitation system consists of legs extending in a star shape from the rotor axis 32, which are magnetized in the radial direction and have an alternating polarity.
  • four pairs of such magnetic poles are provided, that is to say eight legs which are separated from one another in the tangential direction by pole gaps 1, which thus each widen in pie-pie form to form a winding head space 33 and are connected to one another via these winding head spaces.
  • Each leg is magnetized in each case by an excitation winding 21 running around a pole shaft 20, as a rule flat copper conductors or similar conduction bands, which form individual winding layers, each separated by insulating layers.
  • the pole shafts each carry a pole piece 10, which is arranged in the winding head space 33 at the head of the excitation winding.
  • the other end of each pole shaft 20 merges into a rotor yoke 12.
  • the losses occurring in the field windings must be dissipated to limit the temperature and require intensive cooling of the field system.
  • the cooling is carried out by means of a cooling gas stream which is passed through the cylindrical interior of the stand part, for which two variants are common:
  • the rotor's own rotation acts as a pressure source for the ventilation system without additional fans.
  • the prior art is represented by DE-OS 195 15 260.
  • the gaseous cooling medium emerges from slots in the barrel yoke and flows radially into the pole gap.
  • the heat flow from the flat copper conductors (winding layers) to the pole shaft is low due to the large heat resistance due to the electrical insulation between the field winding and the pole shaft.
  • the main part of the heat flow is therefore released on the side of the excitation winding facing away from the pole shaft to the cooling air in the pole gap and in the winding head space.
  • the effective speed for cooling in the winding head space on the end faces of the field winding is much higher than in the pole gap. This means that the cooling here is also more intensive and the conductor temperature is therefore lower.
  • cooling fins on the flat copper conductors on the side facing away from the pole shaft run axially in the pole gap and in the circumferential direction in the end region. Since the cooling fins, which are axially arranged in the pole gap, are perpendicular to the radial direction of the coolant flow, there is a transverse flow against the fins. The heat transfer of such fin arrangements is 3 not very intense. This is a major disadvantage of this ventilation system in terms of cooling the field winding.
  • the object of the invention is to create a highly effective cooling technology solution for the field development of large salient pole machines, in which the cooling surface is enlarged and high heat transfer coefficients are achieved by simple design measures.
  • the object is achieved in that openings are provided in the winding layers which form flow paths in which the cooling medium is also radially outward. 4 leads, as in the pole gaps, but which lead along the side of the excitation winding facing away from the pole shaft through the interior of the windings. These flow paths open directly into the winding head space or into the part of the pole gap that merges into the winding head space. These window-like openings in the winding layers of the excitation winding significantly increase the cooling surface, especially in the area of the head.
  • the cooling air flows almost radially with almost the same flow speed as in the pole gap.
  • the flow paths can be straight, but they can also have bends.
  • the cooling medium is led radially outwards, as in the pole gaps, so it is a "parallel connection of additional cooling medium flows".
  • These "parallel" flow paths result from the fact that the window-like openings made in the winding layers (eg flat copper conductors) are not covered by the insulating layers arranged between the winding layers, and the openings worked into the winding layers lie one above the other, although the insulating material is slightly in the window-like openings can protrude. In order to avoid flashovers between the winding layers ("short turns"), the edges of these window-like openings must not have any burrs.
  • the flow paths start from inlet openings which are formed by corresponding windows in the lowest winding position of the excitation winding, the edges of these inlet openings advantageously being rounded off or beveled.
  • the cooling of the field winding is significantly intensified by the solution according to the invention.
  • the possible development reserve can vary, e.g. to lower the temperature of the excitation winding or to increase the electromagnetic utilization.
  • the field winding of large salient pole machines can be realized in a material and space-saving manner. This also opens up ways of improving efficiency, in particular by reducing ventilation losses due to the intensification of cooling.
  • the advantage of the invention can also be seen in the fact that it can be used both for new designs and for retrofitting existing machines.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross section of a sector A in FIG. 14,
  • FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the outer edge region of a winding layer and the window-like openings for forming the flow paths,
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic section through several winding layers with insulating layers lying between them and continuous flow paths,
  • FIG. 4 shows a section through winding layers with cooling surfaces on the outer edges
  • FIG. 5 shows a section like FIG. 3 with an outer edge region of lower height of the winding layers
  • FIG. 6 shows a section as in FIG. 1 with a displacement body in the pole gap
  • 6 shows a section as in FIG. 1 with a guide device in the pole gap
  • FIG. 8 shows a section as in FIG. 6 with a hollow displacement body
  • FIG. 9 shows a section through a winding head
  • FIG. 10 shows a section through a base of an excitation winding
  • FIG. 11 shows a section like FIG. 3 with lateral openings on the flow paths
  • FIG. 12 shows a section like FIG. 4 with winding layers, the openings of which differ in an alternating sequence
  • FIG. 13 have a section as in FIG. 6 with a displacement body supported on adjacent excitation windings
  • FIG. 14 shows a section as in FIG. 6 with a displacement body overlapped by the pole piece
  • FIG. 15 shows the top view of a leg with a pole piece and the excitation winding underneath
  • FIG 16 the diagram of a salient pole machine already described.
  • FIG. 1 shows the guidance of the cooling medium in the area of the pole gap 1 and through the “parallel” flow paths 2 in the area of the head 3 of one or more flat copper conductors 4, which form the winding layers of the excitation winding 21.
  • the winding layers are each insulated from one another by an insulating layer 5.
  • the arrangement (already without additional guide devices) forces the flow to be divided once through the pole gap 1 and secondly through the parallel flow paths 2 in the outer edge region 3 of the flat copper conductor 4.
  • additional guide devices for dividing and guiding the flow of the cooling medium can be arranged.
  • FIG 2 shows an embodiment for rectangular openings 14 in the outer edge regions 3 of the flat copper conductor 4 and the insulating layers 5.
  • the view of a winding head according to Figure 15 shows that the flow paths with the openings 14 also have a circular or any other cross section and can open into the winding head space in the radial direction on a part 35 of the winding head which projects beyond the pole shoe 10.
  • the flow paths preferably lead in an approximately radial direction along those outer surfaces 36 of the excitation winding that face away from the pole shaft and point toward pole gap 1, that is to say the surface pieces 36 that lie between two legs, while between the pole shoe and the outer surfaces 37 that limit the field winding in the axial direction, no flow paths and openings need to be provided.
  • FIG. 3 shows how the openings 14 in the outer edge regions 3 of the winding layers 4 and insulating layers 5 form the flow paths 2 to the area in the pole gap 1 or to the winding head space.
  • the openings 14 of all flat copper conductors 4 and insulating layers 5 are the same here, the insulating layers 5 reaching as far as the edge of the openings or so slightly beyond that they practically do not impair the flow.
  • FIG. 4 shows an arrangement corresponding to FIG. 3.
  • cooling surfaces 14 are additionally arranged on the outer edges 3 of the flat copper conductors 4, for example external axial or radial or interrupted or interrupted at the foot or turned needle-shaped cooling fins 15.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic sectional illustration of a section of the field winding 21 with a reduced height of the winding layers in the outer edge region 3 of the flat copper conductor 4.
  • the insulating layers 5 are only arranged in the region with a non-reduced height. They can also protrude slightly into the area of reduced height. In the area with reduced height there is an open connection (breakthrough) between the pole gap 1 and the flow paths 2 in the edge area.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that the edges of the openings 14 in the flat copper conductor 4 are not deburred and the flow can be exchanged between the area of the pole gap 1 and the parallel flow paths 2.
  • an elongated displacement body 16 can be seen in the pole gap 1 for a salient pole machine, the cooling medium of which is supplied via slots 11 in the rotor yoke 12.
  • the displacement body 16 is aligned in the axial direction (approximately parallel to the rotor axis). It extends over the greater part of the axial length of the
  • FIG. 7 shows the schematic sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment with additional cooling fins on the outer side edges of the flat copper conductors 4 and guide devices 17 of a salient pole machine, in which the coolant flow likewise emerges from slots 11 in the rotor yoke 12.
  • the guide devices 17 extend in the axial direction over the greater part of the axial length of the legs in the pole gap 1.
  • Each guide device 17 consists of a fastening part 23 and one or more guide vanes 22.
  • the guide vanes 22 protrude obliquely from the fastening body 23 into the radial one Flow (angle of attack ⁇ preferably less than 90 °) and are straight or curved in the further course.
  • the expansion of the guide vanes 22 in the direction parallel to the rotor axis preferably corresponds approximately to the expansion 9 expansion of the slots 11 in this axial direction.
  • the number of guide vanes is preferably not greater than the number of slots.
  • the pole gap has a flow cross section which is considerably larger than the cross section occupied by the guide devices.
  • the guide vanes 22 can have additional limits in the axial direction and can be arranged obliquely with respect to the direction tangential to the rotor axis.
  • high flow velocities occur in the area of the guide devices 17 and the flow preferably receives an axial component on the cooling surfaces of the field winding in the pole gap.
  • FIG. 8 schematically shows another exemplary embodiment for salient pole machines, in which the coolant flow exits from slots 11 of the rotor yoke 12, hollow displacement bodies 18 with outlet nozzles 19 being provided toward the excitation winding.
  • the hollow displacement bodies 18 are arranged in the axial direction over the greater part of the pole length in the pole gap 1.
  • the hollow displacement body 18 is open to the space 13 between the excitation winding 21 and the rotor yoke 12, so that the coolant flow can flow directly into the hollow bodies from the slots 11 of the rotor yoke 12.
  • the axial length of a hollow body 18 is preferably greater or approximately corresponds to the axial length of a slot 11 of the rotor yoke 12 and its number is preferably not greater than the number of slots 11 of the rotor yoke 12.
  • the nozzle-like outlet 19 can be straight or rotated, one of which additional deflection takes place so that the flow receives an axial component. Additional guide devices can be arranged within the hollow body 18.
  • the winding head including the side edges is covered by the pole shoe 10, that is to say that over the pole shaft 10 20 protruding length of the pole piece 10 is equal to the width of the flat copper conductor 4.
  • the upper or the upper flat copper conductor 9 have openings 8 to the outside.
  • the base of an excitation winding can be formed with inlet openings 6 in the lower flat copper conductor 7, as shown in FIG. 10. To reduce the entry losses, the edges of the entry openings 6 are rounded.
  • the outer edge region 3 of the winding layers can have a smaller height (extension in the radial direction) than the region of the winding layers between the pole shaft 20 and this outer edge region 3 the insulating layers only over this intermediate area, ie they do not extend, or only slightly, into the edge region 3 with the reduced height.
  • the openings forming the flow paths in the winding layers are preferably located in this edge region with a reduced height, the gaps between the winding layers of the reduced height leaving openings that connect the flow paths with the pole gap. Such breakthroughs to the pole gap can contribute to effective cooling of the field winding.
  • broken lines in FIG. 11 indicate that window-like openings 14 in the winding layers, which are completely surrounded by the material of the winding layers, do not always have to be required to form the flow paths 2; rather, the winding layers themselves
  • openings which connect the flow paths 2 or openings 4 completely in the edge region of the winding layers with the pole gap 1.
  • the edge area 3 of the winding layers then acts in this area as an additional cooling fin of each winding layer.
  • These openings can be provided on the outermost flow paths in each individual winding layer. 11 hen, but preferably only individual openings and / or individual winding layers carry such openings.
  • Winding layers do not necessarily have to be the same size and the edges of these openings do not necessarily have to be aligned with one another. This is shown even more clearly in FIG. 12, where the cross section of the openings 14 is selected to be smaller and larger in an alternating sequence.
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 13 contains a displacement body 16 which, like the example in FIG. 6, is arranged in the pole gap between two adjacent legs.
  • the displacement body 16 of FIG. 13, however, has side surfaces 26 on which it is supported on the excitation windings of the two adjacent legs.
  • These supporting side surfaces 26 preferably extend practically over the entire length of the side edges of the winding layers, that is to say practically over the entire axial length of the two adjacent excitation windings.
  • He can e.g. be made of a light material, solid or have a cavity to reduce its mass. To improve the cooling, such a cavity can also be flowed through by the cooling medium.
  • the supporting outer surfaces 26 of the displacement body 16 are advantageously formed by one or more elastic intermediate layers 24, which compensate for the manufacturing tolerances of the field winding and of the displacement body. 12
  • Such a displacement body which bridges the entire distance between two adjacent field windings (ie pole gap 1), supports the pole windings against each other so that deformations of the field system are avoided. At the same time, the coolant flow can be divided and guided in an optimal manner.
  • the pole piece of which covers the outer edge region 3 and projects beyond the outer side edges of the winding layers so that it overlaps the displacement body 16.
  • the overlapped part and the supporting side surfaces of the displacement body 16 then represent a practically form-fitting mounting of the displacement body.
  • the flow paths 2 formed by the openings in the winding layers and the further flow paths 25 can thereby pass through outlet openings in the pole piece or - as in FIG. 14 is shown - to be guided around the overlapping part of the pole piece.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
  • Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

Afin d'améliorer le refroidissement des bobinages d'excitation d'une grande machine à pôle saillant, notamment pour l'énergie hydraulique, des voies d'écoulement (2) qui, outre les intervalles polaires, acheminent un agent de refroidissement dans le sens radial vers l'extérieur, sont incorporées dans les couches d'enroulement (6) des bobinages d'excitation (21).
PCT/DE1999/000694 1998-03-12 1999-03-12 Systeme de ventilation pour bobinage d'excitation de grandes machines a pole saillant WO1999046846A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99916787A EP1062719A1 (fr) 1998-03-12 1999-03-12 Systeme de ventilation pour bobinage d'excitation de grandes machines a pole saillant
JP2000536126A JP2002507109A (ja) 1998-03-12 1999-03-12 大型突極電機の励磁巻線の通風システム
BR9909244-1A BR9909244A (pt) 1998-03-12 1999-03-12 Sistema de ventilação para o enrolamento de excitação de máquinas polares de pernas de grande porte
CA002322422A CA2322422A1 (fr) 1998-03-12 1999-03-12 Systeme de ventilation pour bobinage d'excitation de grandes machines a pole saillant

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19810628.9 1998-03-12
DE1998110628 DE19810628A1 (de) 1998-03-12 1998-03-12 Belüftungssystem für die Erregerwicklung großer Schenkelpolmaschinen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999046846A1 true WO1999046846A1 (fr) 1999-09-16

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ID=7860559

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1999/000694 WO1999046846A1 (fr) 1998-03-12 1999-03-12 Systeme de ventilation pour bobinage d'excitation de grandes machines a pole saillant

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1062719A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2002507109A (fr)
BR (1) BR9909244A (fr)
CA (1) CA2322422A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE19810628A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999046846A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6392326B1 (en) * 2000-12-22 2002-05-21 General Electric Company Flow-through spaceblocks with deflectors and method for increased electric generator endwinding cooling
EP1564865A1 (fr) 2004-02-12 2005-08-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Machine à pole saillant ayant au moins un enroulement autour du pôle
DE102004062162A1 (de) * 2004-12-23 2006-07-06 Siemens Ag Elektrische Maschine mit Schenkelpolläufer, der Verdrängungskörper aufweist
US20080157621A1 (en) * 2006-12-29 2008-07-03 General Electric Company Rotor winding
JP6866279B2 (ja) * 2017-11-29 2021-04-28 株式会社東芝 回転電機

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE931299C (de) * 1945-03-29 1955-08-04 Oerlikon Maschf Belueftungsanordnung fuer Schenkelpolmaschinen mit grosser Eisenbreite
FR81566E (fr) * 1962-03-27 1963-10-11 Forges Ateliers Const Electr Perfectionnements aux dispositifs de refroidissement de machines électriques
US3846651A (en) * 1973-06-12 1974-11-05 Westinghouse Electric Corp Dynamoelectric machine ventilating system
DE2605815A1 (de) * 1976-02-11 1977-08-18 Siemens Ag Elektrische schenkelpolmaschine mit einem luftgekuehlten schenkelpollaeufer
JPS5941147A (ja) * 1982-08-30 1984-03-07 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 回転電機の回転子

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE931299C (de) * 1945-03-29 1955-08-04 Oerlikon Maschf Belueftungsanordnung fuer Schenkelpolmaschinen mit grosser Eisenbreite
FR81566E (fr) * 1962-03-27 1963-10-11 Forges Ateliers Const Electr Perfectionnements aux dispositifs de refroidissement de machines électriques
US3846651A (en) * 1973-06-12 1974-11-05 Westinghouse Electric Corp Dynamoelectric machine ventilating system
DE2605815A1 (de) * 1976-02-11 1977-08-18 Siemens Ag Elektrische schenkelpolmaschine mit einem luftgekuehlten schenkelpollaeufer
JPS5941147A (ja) * 1982-08-30 1984-03-07 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 回転電機の回転子

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 008, no. 131 (E - 251) 19 June 1984 (1984-06-19) *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19810628A1 (de) 1999-09-16
CA2322422A1 (fr) 1999-09-16
BR9909244A (pt) 2000-11-14
JP2002507109A (ja) 2002-03-05
EP1062719A1 (fr) 2000-12-27

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