WO1999028015A1 - Procede et appareil de traitement d'effluents par un plasma non thermique - Google Patents

Procede et appareil de traitement d'effluents par un plasma non thermique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999028015A1
WO1999028015A1 PCT/NO1998/000357 NO9800357W WO9928015A1 WO 1999028015 A1 WO1999028015 A1 WO 1999028015A1 NO 9800357 W NO9800357 W NO 9800357W WO 9928015 A1 WO9928015 A1 WO 9928015A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrodes
reaction chamber
voltage
mesh
direct voltage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO1998/000357
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Torfinn Johnsen
Original Assignee
Applied Plasma Physics As
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Applied Plasma Physics As filed Critical Applied Plasma Physics As
Priority to AU17891/99A priority Critical patent/AU1789199A/en
Publication of WO1999028015A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999028015A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
    • B01D53/323—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00 by electrostatic effects or by high-voltage electric fields
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/087—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
    • B01J19/088—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J2219/0803—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
    • B01J2219/0805—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
    • B01J2219/0807—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges involving electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
    • B01J2219/0875—Gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
    • B01J2219/0877—Liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
    • B01J2219/0879—Solid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J2219/0894—Processes carried out in the presence of a plasma

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a method and an apparatus for generating in a cost-effective and energy-effective manner a stable low-temperature plasma in a reaction chamber through a controlled generation of free electrons through gas discharge.
  • NTP non-thermal plasma
  • Non-thermal plasma or cold-plasma
  • Non-thermal plasma is generated by passing a gas through the electrical field between electrodes to which a high voltage is applied. This leads to gas discharges which generate free electrons with relatively high energy. These electrons will have a high probability of colliding with molecules, thereby creating excited molecules/atoms which are highly reactive. These reactive molecules will then collide with other molecules, reacting with them and thereby creating less harmful materials or materials which at least are easier to handle.
  • a sufficient quantity of charged particles will be created to give the gas the properties of a plasma, but the temperature in the gas as a whole does not increase significantly.
  • the object of the present invention is to achieve a cost-effective and reliable method of generating a sufficient quantity of free electrons through gas discharge for purifying large environments/effluent (several million m ⁇ /hour) without using an unacceptably large amount of energy and without generating significant electromagnetic radiation. It is also an object to design and arrange the electrodes which are employed in the creation of non-thermal plasma in a manner which permits a large number of free electrons to be detached, while at the same time the electrode's mechanical properties are not impaired unnecessarily, and so that as much as possible of the material which has to be purified passes close to the electrodes.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the principle design of a reaction chamber for purifying gas by means of non-thermal plasma.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the voltage course over the electrodes in a traditional reaction chamber for purifying gas/liquid by means of non-thermal plasma, and the corresponding voltage course for a reaction chamber according to the invention.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a possible design of the electrodes in a reaction chamber according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the principle design of a reaction chamber 2 for purification by means of non-thermal plasma, including electrodes 4, 6 and voltage source 1. It is stressed that this description only indicates the electrical connection of the elements and not their physical design.
  • the material 3 which is to be purified is fed into the reaction chamber at one end, and after purification is emitted at the other end 5.
  • the electrodes 4, 6 will traditionally be supplied with high voltage in the form of pulses, see figure 2a, thus causing electrons to be detached and supplied with energy, but without establishing a counter field in the form of space charge distribution.
  • This method has the significant drawback that it is costly to produce equipment which has to be capable of working with such high voltage pulses.
  • the electromagnetic radiation will also be substantial, resulting in additional high costs for shielding.
  • the most effective frequency for the overlaid alternating voltage will depend on the properties of the material which is to be purified. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, therefore, it is possible to vary the frequency of the overlaid alternating voltage. Relevant frequencies may be between 10 Hz and 1 GHz.
  • the design of the electrodes 4, 6 in the reaction chamber 2 in order to achieve simultaneous detachment of as many electrons as possible.
  • the most common method of designing electrodes and reaction chambers is to design the reaction chamber as a number of tubes, where the tube wall is an electrode 6, and where along each tube's axis there is provided a wire electrode 4.
  • wire electrodes with a cross section which is in the form of a star with from 3 to 6 arms.
  • a design of this kind is illustrated in figure 3.
  • a second alternative is to arrange a large number of electrode wires, from as few as in the order of 10 to as many as 10,000,000, together in a mesh mounted over the polluting material's direction of flow.
  • the width of such a mesh may vary between about one millimetre and about one metre. It will also be possible to design the electrode meshes in such a manner that the width is made adjustable, for example by inserting several electrodes, or by adjusting the distance between the individual electrodes.
  • the electrode wires will be designed in such a manner that they can be exposed to tensile forces of from 1 to 100 N.
  • water vapour is added to the gas 3 before it is fed into the reaction chamber, in order to increase the gas's electrical conductivity.
  • materials which have a reaction-enhancing effect which materials are best suited will depend on which materials one wishes to purify, but suitable candidates may be alcohols, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, etc.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé économique et fiable de purification d'un contaminant (3) présent dans une chambre (2) de réaction, à l'aide d'un plasma non thermique. Ce dernier est créé par application à des électrodes (4, 6) de la chambre de réaction d'une tension c.c. élevée superposée à une tension c.a. d'amplitude relativement faible. L'invention porte également sur des types d'électrodes (4, 6) particulièrement adaptées audit procédé.
PCT/NO1998/000357 1997-12-03 1998-12-02 Procede et appareil de traitement d'effluents par un plasma non thermique WO1999028015A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU17891/99A AU1789199A (en) 1997-12-03 1998-12-02 Method and apparatus for processing effluents using non-thermal plasma

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO19975603 1997-12-03
NO975603A NO975603D0 (no) 1997-12-03 1997-12-03 Fremgangsmåte for rensing av forurensende stoffer ved hjelp av ikke-termisk plasma

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999028015A1 true WO1999028015A1 (fr) 1999-06-10

Family

ID=19901402

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NO1998/000357 WO1999028015A1 (fr) 1997-12-03 1998-12-02 Procede et appareil de traitement d'effluents par un plasma non thermique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU1789199A (fr)
NO (1) NO975603D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999028015A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7211227B2 (en) 2002-03-19 2007-05-01 Hyundai Motor Company Plasma reactor, production method thereof, and emission control apparatus of a vehicle
JP2011064173A (ja) * 2009-09-18 2011-03-31 Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd 高電圧プラズマ発生装置
NO20220117A1 (en) * 2022-01-26 2023-07-27 Seid As Plasma electrode configuration for a high-voltage non-thermal plasma system and a non-thermal plasma-based gas-treatment system comprising such plasma electrode configuration

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1445361A (en) * 1972-08-17 1976-08-11 High Voltage Engineering Corp Electrostativ precipitation
US4695358A (en) * 1985-11-08 1987-09-22 Florida State University Method of removing SO2, NOX and particles from gas mixtures using streamer corona
WO1996032175A2 (fr) * 1995-04-06 1996-10-17 Florida State University Procedes acceleres d'oxydation d'agents contaminants organiques dans des milieux aqueux en recourant a des reactions induites par effet de couronne et a des particules
WO1998011982A1 (fr) * 1996-09-20 1998-03-26 Thermo Power Corporation Preparation et utilisation d'especes chimiques fortement reactives generees de maniere independante

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1445361A (en) * 1972-08-17 1976-08-11 High Voltage Engineering Corp Electrostativ precipitation
US4695358A (en) * 1985-11-08 1987-09-22 Florida State University Method of removing SO2, NOX and particles from gas mixtures using streamer corona
WO1996032175A2 (fr) * 1995-04-06 1996-10-17 Florida State University Procedes acceleres d'oxydation d'agents contaminants organiques dans des milieux aqueux en recourant a des reactions induites par effet de couronne et a des particules
WO1998011982A1 (fr) * 1996-09-20 1998-03-26 Thermo Power Corporation Preparation et utilisation d'especes chimiques fortement reactives generees de maniere independante

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
WPI/DERWENT'S ABSTRACT, Accession Number 93-120490, Week 9315; & JP 5057130 A (MEIDENSHA CORP) 09 March 1993; & PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Vol. 17, No. 364, 09 July 1993; & JP 5057130 A. *
WPI/DERWENT'S ABSTRACT, Accession Number 95-388950, Week 9550; & JP 7265655 A (HITACHI ZOSEN CORP) 17 October 1995; & PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Vol. 96, No. 2, 29 February 1996; & JP 7265655 A. *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7211227B2 (en) 2002-03-19 2007-05-01 Hyundai Motor Company Plasma reactor, production method thereof, and emission control apparatus of a vehicle
JP2011064173A (ja) * 2009-09-18 2011-03-31 Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd 高電圧プラズマ発生装置
NO20220117A1 (en) * 2022-01-26 2023-07-27 Seid As Plasma electrode configuration for a high-voltage non-thermal plasma system and a non-thermal plasma-based gas-treatment system comprising such plasma electrode configuration

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO975603D0 (no) 1997-12-03
AU1789199A (en) 1999-06-16

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