Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
  • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
  • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
  • B60T13/66—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
  • B60T13/72—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems in vacuum systems or vacuum booster units
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
  • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
  • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
  • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
  • B60T8/36—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition including a pilot valve responding to an electromagnetic force
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
  • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
  • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
  • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
  • B60T8/48—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition connecting the brake actuator to an alternative or additional source of fluid pressure, e.g. traction control systems
  • B60T8/4809—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems
  • B60T8/4827—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems in hydraulic brake systems
  • B60T8/4863—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems in hydraulic brake systems closed systems
  • B60T8/4872—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems in hydraulic brake systems closed systems pump-back systems
  • B60T8/4881—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems in hydraulic brake systems closed systems pump-back systems having priming means
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
  • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
  • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
  • B60T8/88—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration with failure responsive means, i.e. means for detecting and indicating faulty operation of the speed responsive control means
  • B60T8/885—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration with failure responsive means, i.e. means for detecting and indicating faulty operation of the speed responsive control means using electrical circuitry
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
  • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
  • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
  • B60T8/88—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration with failure responsive means, i.e. means for detecting and indicating faulty operation of the speed responsive control means
  • B60T8/90—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration with failure responsive means, i.e. means for detecting and indicating faulty operation of the speed responsive control means using a simulated speed signal to test speed responsive control means
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
  • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
  • G01R31/005—Testing of electric installations on transport means
  • G01R31/006—Testing of electric installations on transport means on road vehicles, e.g. automobiles or trucks
  • G01R31/007—Testing of electric installations on transport means on road vehicles, e.g. automobiles or trucks using microprocessors or computers
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
  • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
  • G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
  • G01R31/282—Testing of electronic circuits specially adapted for particular applications not provided for elsewhere
  • G01R31/2829—Testing of circuits in sensor or actuator systems
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
  • B60T2270/00—Further aspects of brake control systems not otherwise provided for
  • B60T2270/40—Failsafe aspects of brake control systems
  • B60T2270/406—Test-mode; Self-diagnosis
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
  • B60T2270/00—Further aspects of brake control systems not otherwise provided for
  • B60T2270/40—Failsafe aspects of brake control systems
  • B60T2270/415—Short-circuit, open circuit failure

Definitions

• Circuitry for an actuator and method for checking the circuitry of an actuator
• the invention relates to a circuit for an actuator and a method for checking the circuitry of an actuator according to the preambles of the independent claims.
• the actuator considered is, in particular, an electrically actuatable actuator with two connections, it preferably being an electromechanically actuatable device which has an electromagnet, a coil or the like.
• Actuators for safety-critical applications are considered in particular.
• Such an actuator is an electronically controlled brake booster.
• brake boosters there is the actual, pneumatically operated booster section. However, it is not mechanically controlled directly by the actuation of the brake pedal, but rather by an electrically actuable valve which ventilates the vacuum side in accordance with electrical signals or not.
• DE-OS 44 25 578 schematically shows a brake system with an electrically controllable brake booster. However, it is not specified here how a check of the components of the electrical control of the valve, which is reliable on the one hand and non-critical for the braking behavior of the vehicle, can take place.
• the object of the invention is to provide a circuit for an actuator or a method for checking the circuitry of an actuator, which enable simple, reliable and uncritical checking of the electrical or electronic components for the braking behavior of the vehicle. This object is achieved with the features of the independent claims. Dependent claims are directed on preferred embodiments of the invention.
• FIG. 1 shows with reference number 100 the actuator under consideration or its electrical component, in particular, for example, an electromagnet, a coil, an electric motor or the like.
• the actuator has two connections 100a and 100b.
• This actuator can be connected between two potentials 101, 102 by means of its connections 100a, 100b.
• 102 may be ground, for example, 101 the battery supply voltage (usually 12 V) or another suitable voltage.
• the operation of actuator 100 is controlled by means of a switch: the actuator operates when the switch is closed and it is at rest when the switch is open.
• the switch can be short-circuited or no longer closable.
• One of the connections 100a, 100b of the actuator 100 can be short-circuited to one of the potentials 101, 102.
• Actuator 100 may have an open or short circuit internally.
• leakage currents to the potentials mentioned can occur via high-resistance shunts.
• Most of the above-mentioned errors represent an error that directly affects the function of the actuator and must be recognized as early as possible in order to be able to largely avoid unsafe operating states.
• a circuit is therefore specified which has two electronically actuated switches on each of the connections of the actuator.
• one of the switches can be closed firmly and another of the switches can be controlled in accordance with further control criteria.
• one switch In the check mode, one switch can remain open and another can be closed, so that errors can be detected due to potential conditions.
• Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of a checking device.
• 100 is the actuator or the electrical component therefor, for example an electromagnet, a coil, an electric motor or the like. It has connections 100a and 100b.
• a switch 105, 106 is provided on each side of the actuator 100. Switch 105 is on line 103 between terminal 100a and potential 101, while switch 106 is on line 104 between terminal 100b and potential 102.
• the switches 105, 106 are preferably electronically actuated switches, for example FETs, power FETs, thyristors, GTOs or the like.
• the switches 105, 106 are switched in accordance with control signals S1, S2 which are fed to the switches via lines 111, 110.
• the procedure can be such that switch 105 receives a control signal S2 via line 110, so that it closes permanently.
• switch 106 receives a signal S1 via line 111, so that actuator 100 is actuated in the desired manner.
• the signal S1 can follow The pulse width modulated signal generated in accordance with the desired braking force.
• the electronically actuatable switch 106 is opened and closed at a comparatively high frequency, so that a desired average current is set by the actuator 100.
• other signals can also be provided, for example an analog signal which switches switch 106 in an analog manner, that is to say opens more or less, for example to set a desired current.
• test signal feedback circuits described below are provided for checking electrical values or time relationships: test signal P1 on line 108, which is tapped near the connector 100b of the actuator 100, test signal P2 on line 107, which is near the connector 100a of the actuator 100 is tapped, and test signal 109, which corresponds to the first control signal.
• the switches 105, 106 can then first be actuated in a suitable manner and the test signals P1 to P3 on the signal lines 107 to 109 can then be checked.
• mode 1 in which both switches 105, 106 are open
• mode 1 in which one switch is closed and another is open (so that the actuator is still not actuated electrically )
• mode 2 in which one switch is closed and the other is closed so briefly that there is no significant actuation of the actuator. 3
• FIG. 2 is a switch designed as an FET and corresponds to switch 105 in FIG. 1, the same applies analogously to switch 206.
• Driver circuits 231, 233 are provided for actuation.
• the signals S1, S2, according to which the switches 205, 206 are controlled, are generated in a suitable manner by a control circuit 112, 235 - 237.
• the components 235-237 in FIG. 2 essentially correspond to the control circuit 112 in FIG. 1.
• the first control signal S1 is fed back through line 109 as a test signal P3 into a signal monitoring circuit 236.
• the potentials in the vicinity of the connections 100a, 100b of the actuator are tapped and fed back into the signal monitoring circuit 236 as feedback signals Pl, P2 via feedback circuits 221, 222 and 224, 225, respectively.
• the resistors 221a and 221b act as voltage dividers which serve to adjust the value of the signal level P2.
• the Resistors 223 and 226 are comparatively high-resistance and pull the terminals 100a, 100b of the actuator 100 to defined values when the switches 205, 206 are open. Together, the resistors 223, 226 with the ohmic resistance of the coil 100 also act as a voltage divider.
• the 235 is a processing device which receives higher-ranking signals 239 and generates a first output signal S1 'in accordance with these signals, which serves as the input signal of a generating device 237.
• the generating device 237 generates the actual first control signal S1, which is preferably pulse width modulated and digital. is. But it can also be an analog signal that opens a transistor more or less wide.
• the processing device 235 communicates with the signal monitoring device 236 via data lines 238.
• the monitoring device 236, can on the one hand monitor the signal levels on the lines P1 and P2. On the other hand, it can check the control signal S1 for correctness. If the control signal S1 is, for example, a pulse-width-modulated signal, the processing device 235 can keep switch 205 open and generate a pulse-width-modulated signal S1 for switch 206 with a known pulse duty factor. The monitoring device 236 then checks whether the signal S1 is generated in the expected manner, for example in which (in the case of pulse-width-modulated signals) the temporal position of edges is checked or (for example in the case of a analog control signal) the level of the signal is checked.
• the control signal S1 is, for example, a pulse-width-modulated signal
• the processing device 235 can keep switch 205 open and generate a pulse-width-modulated signal S1 for switch 206 with a known pulse duty factor.
• the monitoring device 236 checks whether the signal S1 is generated in the expected manner, for example in which (in the case
• the specified threshold values are to be understood as examples, they result from the dimensioning of the individual resistors in the circuit of FIG. 2.
• the errors considered in FIG. 3 relate to errors in the wiring of the actuator or in the actuator itself, which are based on the test signals Pl, P2 can be recognized.
• the modes mentioned above can be set during the check. In mode 0, both switches 105, 106 and 205, 206 are open if they work properly. Via the resistors 223 and 226, the connections 100a and 100b of the actuator 100 are drawn to defined potentials which are different from the potentials 101, 102.
• connection 100a to ground 102 or of the connection 100b to the supply voltage can be detected.
• a ground short circuit of the connection 100a can be recognized by a very low potential at this connection.
• connection 100b to the supply voltage can be recognized by a very high potential at both connection 100b and connection 100a.
• Leakage currents can be determined in a manner similar to short circuits of a connection 100a, 100b to one of the potentials if both switches are open. Leakage currents of this kind also have an effect on the potentials at the terminals, so that these can be caused by suitable ones
• Threshold settings and checking of the potential on lines 222, 225 can be determined.
• switches 105, 205 can be closed and switches 105, 206 can be open. In this way it can be recognized whether switch 105, 205 closes. If not, the potential at terminal 100a will not assume the required value, so that this is communicated to signal monitoring device 236 via voltage divider 221a, b and line 222 in the form of test signal P2.
• the short-circuit of the connection 100b of the actuator 100 (which is already recognizable in mode 0) can be recognized by a very low level of the test signal Pl. The same applies to an interruption of the coil itself.
• the high potential 101 which is communicated to the connection 100a via a closed switch 205, is not visible at the connection 100b, so that the test signal Pl remains below a threshold value.
• both switches 105, 106 and 205, 206 are closed.
• This mode is critical in that it energizes the actuator and actually operates it. It is therefore advantageous to set this mode only very briefly, for example by switching switches 106, 206 only very briefly in addition to the already closed switch 105, 205.
• switches 106, 206 are not switched, because then the potential at terminal 100b is not drawn from ground, but remains above a threshold value.
• a short circuit of the actuator 100 can be recognized according to the same criterion. Due to the short circuit, the expected voltage at the actuator 100 will not drop, so that the connection 100b again will not assume a potential close to the earth, but will remain above a threshold value.
• the modes described with reference to FIG. 3 allow the detection of error conditions with reference to only one of the test signals P1 or P2 within one mode.
• the test signal Pl (which corresponds to the potential at the connection 100b) is compared with a first, comparatively low threshold value.
• the test signal P2 (which is generated in accordance with the potential at the connection 100a) is checked in each case to determine whether it is lower than a second threshold value which is somewhat higher than the first threshold value or whether it is higher than a third threshold value which is higher than the second threshold.
• the test signal P1 is essentially considered and then checked whether it is above the second threshold value.
• the test signal P2 can also be checked for exceeding a comparatively high fourth threshold value in order to be able to determine the correct switching of the switches 105, 205.
• the modes 1-3 described so far serve to check the wiring of the actuator or the actuator itself.
• the comparatively complex first control signal S1 can be checked.
• a specific first control signal S1 is generated and checked for correct generation.
• switches 105, 205 are opened.
• the control device 112, 235-237 then generates a specific first control signal S1, for example a pulse-width-modulated signal, and checks the generated signal. For example, a pulse width modulated signal with a certain duty cycle can be generated and then checked whether the edges of this signal appear in the desired manner.
• control device 112, 235-237 and in particular the processing device 235 has a test device which on the one hand generates the necessary control signals S1, S1 ', S2 for setting one or more of the above-mentioned modes and on the other hand notifies the signal monitoring device 236 of the control signals required (for example the start and end of the check, signal values to be expected or threshold values to be checked).
• an interruption device can be provided which interrupts or terminates the check described (in particular the setting of modes 0-3) when a requirement for an actual use of the actuator can be recognized, for example in accordance with the input signals 239.
• the 4 shows an embodiment of the signal monitoring device 236.
• the upper part shows devices for checking the test signals P1, P2 (relating to the wiring of the actuator or the actuator itself), the lower part shows devices for checking the first control signal Sl, P3.
• These two Circuit parts can be combined with one another. A separate embodiment and the omission of one of the two parts are also possible.
• the test signals P1, P2 are to be compared with threshold values in order to check the circuitry and the actuator itself.
• the signal monitoring device 236 has two comparators 407, 408, each of which monitors one or the other signal.
• the two error signals P1, P2 are passed through a changeover switch to a single comparison device.
• Threshold values can be communicated via signal lines 413 as well as the question of whether to be checked for overshoot or undershoot.
• a gate 409 the individual error signals that arise as the output of the comparison devices 407, 408 can be combined to form an error signal F, which can be output separately as a signal 411, or which can be communicated to the processing device 235 via the line 238.
• FIG. 4 shows a device for checking a pulse width modulated signal (which is input as test signal P3).
• edge detectors 401, 402 are provided, one responding to rising and one falling edges.
• time measuring device 403. Whenever an edge is detected, the point in time just determined is written serially into a memory 404 with several memory locations. This is indicated schematically by arrow 406. Accordingly, there is a serial entry of points in time in the storage device 404 alternately mark the time of rising and falling edges.
• the storage device 404 can be designed, for example, in the manner of a shift register, into which data is continuously written, shifted in accordance with data subsequently written, and finally falls out.
• an evaluation device 405 checks the correctness of the times entered.
• the evaluation device 405 can, for example, be designed in such a way that it evaluates the three most recent entries in the storage device 404 for correctness and, if it detects errors, outputs an error signal which, if necessary, is combined with the error signals from the comparison device 407, 408 Error signal F, 411 can be combined.
• the evaluation device 405 can also receive data via line 412, which provide it with the information it requires, for example the expected duty cycle, etc.
• Processing device 235, generating device 237 and signal checking device 236 can be digital circuits which are formed on different chips.
• the processing device 235 and the signal checking device 236 can preferably be identical chips, some of which work redundantly, but carry out the measures described above independently of one another.
• Mode 2 (both switches closed) preferably lasts less than 1 ms, more preferably less than 500 ⁇ s.
• the check described is preferably initiated periodically.
• the first control signal S1 can be checked, for example, once per second or more often, preferably three times per second or more. The same applies to checking the wiring and the actuator using the test signals P1, P2.
• the first control signal S1 which is in the form of a pulse-width-modulated signal, is to generate a pulse-width-modulated signal with a predetermined pulse duty factor (ratio between on times and off times), the total cycle time also being predetermined.
• a test control signal can be set with a duty cycle of 33%, in which the on time is 18 ⁇ s and the off time is 36 ⁇ s. If these times are predetermined, the signal checking device does not have to be informed which values are to be expected.
• the test control signal S1 generated is preferably asymmetrical, that is to say has a duty cycle of not equal to 50%. It is also preferable to provide a device that ensures that the polarity of the signal is correctly recognized. This ensures that not an incorrectly generated test signal with a complementary duty cycle (for example 67% instead of 33%) is recognized as correct on the basis of the edge time.
• the circuit and the actuator are checked on the basis of the signals P1, P2 and, on the other hand, the control signal S1 is checked in principle on the basis of the signal P3, these can be carried out alternately.
• modes 0, 1, 2 and 3 can be set one after the other as described above and the respective checks can be carried out within these modes.
• the sequence of the checking process can be controlled by a processor (not shown). Instead of the discrete structure of the circuitry shown in FIG. 2, an integrated structure as indicated by FIG. 1 can also be provided.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Valves And Accessory Devices For Braking Systems (AREA)
• Braking Systems And Boosters (AREA)
• Testing And Monitoring For Control Systems (AREA)

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• 1998
  • 1998-11-20 EP EP98962371A patent/EP1032519B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-11-20 US US09/554,645 patent/US6382740B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-11-20 WO PCT/EP1998/007469 patent/WO1999026827A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 1998-11-20 JP JP2000522000A patent/JP4593776B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related

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