Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
  • A01B33/00—Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs
  • A01B33/02—Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs with tools on horizontal shaft transverse to direction of travel
  • A01B33/021—Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs with tools on horizontal shaft transverse to direction of travel with rigid tools

Definitions

• the invention concerns a machine for strip tilling of land and for its sowing.
• a shovel blade farming a guard of the equipment on its whole width, covers the groove with earth.
• the diameter of rotary cultivator wheels with cutter blades on such machines was relatively small, the swing aims were rather short, the whole structure was lightweight.
• Such machines formed, however, grooves with only 25 mm depth and not more than 60 mm wide.
• the machine enabled to cultivate land only with a fix strip width setting, fix depth and pitch between the cultivated land strips. Purchasing several different machines for various widths and pitches is not only prohibitive, but it would also bring a risk that a particular purchased machine can become unsuitable for the optimum additional sowing for a given lane.
• a general limitation of such machines is their single-purpose character as to the groove size and pitch, a tedious, physically tiresome and dangerous handling of swing arms, in particular when treating and repairing the cultivator disks, a fix pressure of cultivator wheels onto the land surface in their working position, an imperfect control of returning the thrown-out earth back into the formed grooves, resulting in an uneven land surface, because the cultivated strips without a correct restoring of earth layer will have a deeper surface than the left- out land strips with overrests of thrown-out earth.
• the machine according to the invention having several functional assemblies, providing for the necessary land tilling parameters, allowing a controlled pressure of cultivation wheels on the cultivated land surface, permitting a safe handling of swing aims, a satisfactory back-shoveling of earth particles with the organic substrate into the formed grooves and preventing carryover of earth particles sideways onto the existing plant strip, reducing the risk of machine handling, maintenance and repair.
• Said functional assemblies are: a lifter, a balancer, a positioner, a resetter, cultivator wheels and their guard.
• the essence of the invention consists in that on the machine frame, carrying a gear box with a power take-off cross-shaft, on which are fitted swing arms with cultivator wheels with freedom of sliding, two pairs of parallel, horizontally situated cross bars are mounted, carrying a pair of vertical brackets, on which fastening hubs of swing arms are fitted, through which a driving cross-shaft is inserted.
• the inner vertical brackets i.e. those that are near to each other, are interconnected by means of two double-acting hydraulic jacks, which are superposed in vertical plane symmetrically to the level plane, running through the axis of the driving cross-shaft.
• Said vertical brackets are fastened dismountably in the interstice between the pairs of horizontal parallel cross-bars, thus allowing for their freedom of horizontal travel.
• a cultivator wheel shifted onto and fastened on a non-round output shaft, has a cutter head with at least one cutter disk with at least one cutter blade fixed dismountably on the cultivator wheel.
• the position of the fastening hub on the output shaft is secured by a locking screw, running tangentially in radial direction and engaging with the circumferential groove formed in a required position on the output shaft.
• On a pair of horizontal, parallel cross-bars an aujriliary frame is situated, carrying a lifter and a balancer.
• This assembly consists of a pneumatically actuated control jack, whose hollow piston rod carries a strut which is dismountably connected to a tie-rod and actuating lever, fastened to the swing arm.
• the other tie-rod extremity is rotatably connected with one extremity of a rocking lever, fitted amidst on a vertical bracket, fastened to the auxiliary frame.
• the free arm of the rocking lever has several jointing elements to which a spring is connected by its one end, the other end being anchored to a setting screw, running through a spring holder also fastened on the auxiliaiy frame.
• the swing arm is adapted so that at that extremity, which carries the cultivator wheel, a cast-on block is made, in which positioning pegs are fastened.
• the other swing arm extremity has an arm lip.
• This swing arm comes by the said arm lip in its end positions in contact with the upper stop and with the bottom stop, fastened on the machine frame.
• a locking fixture consisting of parallel cheeks, between which a tilting latch with a locking peg and safety lock are inserted, and which is fastened to the machine frame, locks the swing aim in its maximum top position.
• a positioner is fastened, consisting of slats with an arched termination of the straight arm.
• strut arms On these slats are fastened rotatably fitted strut arms, connected on their opposite ends with an axle, to which an actuating rod with a handle is fitted.
• a spring suspension holder In the opposite direction a spring suspension holder is made towards the strut arm axle, the other spring end being connected to the upper suspension, fastened on the upper side of the swing arm.
• the strut arms have several oblique grooves with which are meshing the positioning pegs, fastened in the cast block of the swing arm.
• a cultivator wheel guard On each cultivator wheel independently adapted is a cultivator wheel guard.
• a twin suspension forming a parallelogram is fitted by an upper and a bottom suspension arm to the upper and to the bottom holder respectively.
• a track roller is situated in the holder.
• a swinging tilting lid is fastened, whose trailing edge deflects the flow of the thrown-out earth.
• a down-facing recess is made, in whose arched part a support surface is farmed, whose shape corresponds to the shape of the swing arm bearing hub, located in the swing arm bottom part above the output shaft of the cultivator wheel.
• the tilting lid is exchangeable.
• the swing arms of the land strip tillage machine are extended by the tractor hydraulic system into the worlcing position.
• the cultivator wheels are driven from the gear box via driving shaft by the driving mechanism inside the swing arm.
• the cutter blades of the cutter head mill out an earth strip.
• the gravity effect of the swing arm is controlled by the balancer.
• the swing arm lifting is made pneumatically by the lifter. Pressure air is fed to the actuating jack of this system from the tractor air pressure system.
• the hollow piston rod is shifted and raises the swing arm with its cultivator wheel into idle position, the top position of which is given by the bottom stop, which comes in contact with the swing arm lip.
• the swing arm is locked in its position by a tilting latch, meshing with the lip upper face, and a lock peg, running through the throughgoing bores in the arms of the swing latch and the side cheeks of the locking fixture.
• the position of the locking peg is locked by a safety lock, engaging with the locking peg collar after its turning.
• the hollow piston rod and the strut rod layout enable the action of the actuating jack after lifting of the swing arm in any position of its working stroke.
• the rocking lever, the tie-rod, the setting screw and the spring together constitute a balancer, helping to regulate the gravity force of the cultivating wheels with cutter blades depending on agro-environmental conditions, and to constitute thus the most favourable land tilling conditions.
• a rough setting is made by changing the attachment of the spring to some of the suspension elements on the rocking lever free end.
• a fine setting, i.e. accurate regulation of the pressure of cultivating wheels, is then performed by means of the setting screw.
• the tilling depth of the cultivation wheels is set by means of the positioner.
• the swing arm is lifted by the lifter over the land level, then by pulling the actuating lever handle the pre-stressing of the spring, suspended between the positioner actuating lever and the swing arm upper surface is overwhelmed, and the positioning pegs from the strut arm oblique grooves are released.
• the arm is tilted off free.
• the slat is then reset into the new required position by means of the strut arms.
• the positioning pegs, touching in tilted-off position of the strut arms their outer edges, will come flush to the opening level of oblique grooves.
• the spring pre-stressing is interrupted and the positioning pegs enter their respective oblique grooves. This presets the extension of the cultivator wheel over the slat, thus determining the tilling depth of the cultivator wheel. To get a deeper tilling, the slats should be reset in relation to the swing arm towards the outpout shaft, carrying the cultivator disk, i.e. to lift them with tilted strut arms.
• the horizontal resetting of the swing arms on the driving cross-shaft i.e. changing their distance from ech other and thus determining the width of the left-out land strip (not to be tilled) between the tilled grooves, is made by the pitch resetter.
• the operator of the machine releases the fastening bolts of the vertical brackets with double-acting hydraulic jacks, connecting the inner vertical brackets, changes the required distance and secures the new position is by tightening the vertical brackets fastening bolts. This shifting can be performed easily and quickly though the mechanism weight is about 250 kg.
• the tilled groove width can be changed by changing the cutter blade head. Release and pull-out the locking screw, remove the cutter blade head from the output shaft, insert a new cutter blade head and fasten same with locking screw again.
• the cultivator wheel guard fastened on the machine frame by means of the suspension arms forming a parallelogram, picks up the land surface profile by means of a tracking roller independently on the vertical stroke of the cultivator wheel.
• a cam on the cultivator wheel hub strikes against the contact surface of the wheel guard recess and lifts the guard to prevent any contact of the cultivator wheels with the inner surface of the arched guard wall, because a constant distance between the guard and the cultivator wheel is safeguarded. In this way any damage of cutter blades in the guard is prevented.
• the tilting lid in the guard rear part helps to level-out continuously and gently the tilled land strip, into which the seeds have been introduced.
• the bottom edge of the tilting lid can be straight or profiled, so that it shapes a channel, shoveling the tilled earth onto a strip of a desired form and size.
• a preferable exchangeability of the tilting lid is an advantage.
• the guards need not be changed when changing the groove width, only one universal guard can be used. Overview of figures in the drawings
• FIG. 1 Front view of the machine with lifter and balancer
• FIG. 2 Front view of the machine with positioner and wheel guard Fig. 3 Section of the actuating jack of the lifter Fig. 4 Modification of the swing arm and locking fbcture Fig. 5 .Axonometric view of the positioner Fig. 6 aAxonometric view of the cultivator wheel guard Fig. 7 Front view of the resetting mechanism and cultivator wheel Fig. 8 Cultivator wheel set in side view Fig. 9 Section of cutter head in radial plane of the locking screw Fig. 10 Axonometric view of locking hub and its fitting on the driving cross-shaft
• the universal machine for land strips tillage and sowing consists of a frame 1, which is fitted in its front part with a three-point suspension 2, a trailing device 3, a gear box 4 driven by a power take-off shaft 5 from the tractor vehicle, e.g. tractor, and power output shaft 6.
• a driving non-round cross-shaft 7 is running, on which swing arms 8 with sliding freedom are fitted, carrying on their ends cultivator wheels 9.
• the cultivator wheels 9 are driven by an unspecified mechanical driving system situated inside the swing arms 8. Over each cultivator wheel 9 on the frame I beside the swing arm 8 an independently swinging tilting guard 10 is fastened.
• a lifter 15 and a balancer 16 connected by a pin 17 with an actuating lever 18, which is fastened on the swing aim 8.
• the lifter 15 consists (see Fig. 3) of an actuating jack 19, connected by a (not shown) pipeline with a source of pressure worlcing fluid, and in which a piston with a hollow piston rod 20_exert reciprocating stright line motions.
• a supporting bar 21 is inserted, having a bifurcated endpiece, connected by a pin 23 with the bottom arm of a rocking lever 24 of the balancer 16.
• Said rocking lever 24 is rotatably fitted on a pin 25 in a bracket 26, anchored on the auxiliary frame H.
• the upper arm of the rocking lever 24 has several suspension elements 27, on which a spring 28 is suspended by one its end. By its other end the spring 28 is connected with a setting screw 29 inserted in a screw holder 30, which is also fastened on the auxiliary frame H.
• the setting screw 29 can be reset in the pin 31 of the screw holder 30 and is locked in a given position by locking nuts 32.
• the suspension elements 27 can be holes, eyes, protrusions, pins, indentations or other farms serving the same purpose.
• the swing aim 8 (see Fig. 4) is extended at its end, through which the non- round driving cross-shaft 7 is running, into the foim of a lip 33_, delimiting the contact with stops 34,15 * fixed on the frame 1 of the machine for the extreme position of that swing arm, i.e. its swinging range.
• the swing arm 8 is leaning in its upper end position by its lip 33 on the bottom stop 5 and is locked in that position by the locking fixture 16, particularly by its tilting latch 19, locking peg 40 and safety lock 4
• the locking figure 16, fastened on the frame 1 of the machine consists of side cheeks 37, a tilting latch 3_9 consisting of flat aims 42, connected by an axle 41 and rotatably fitted between the side cheeks 37 on a pin 3_8, further of a locking peg 40 and a safety lock 4L
• the bottom end position of the swing aim 8 is deteimined by the upper stop 34-
• the tilting latch 19 is held in its deflected position by the locking peg 40, leaning on it by the edge of its flat arms 42.
• the locking peg 40 runs through the holes in the side cheeks 7 of the locking fixture 16.
• a bottom suspension 44 is fitted, to which by means of a suspension pin 45 a positioner 46 (see Fig. 5) is fitted, consisting of slats 47 with arched termination of the cross arm, to which are, by means of pins 48, rotatably connected strut arms 49, which are interconnected on their opposite ends by an axle 59, to which also connected is an actuating rod 51 with a handle in direction from the gear box 4, and on its other extremity a suspension 52 for connecting the spring 53.
• the other end of the spring 5_! is coupled to the upper suspension 54, fastened on the upper side of the swing arm 8.
• the strut arms 49 have several oblique grooves 55, opening towards the gear box 4 and rising from level upwards at an angle of 3° to 15°.
• the positioning pegs 56 fastened in the cast-on block 57 of the swing aim 8 enter in said oblique grooves 55.
• the cultivator wheel 9 consists of two cutter heads fitted on the output shaft 61 on both sides of the swing aim 8 (see Fig. 7).
• the cutter head proper 58, 59, 60 consists at least of one plate-type cutter disk 71, fastened on a fastening hub 62, 61, 64- On said cutter disk are dismountably assembled, e.g. by means of a bolt 74 and a nut 75, inclined tilling cutters 76, 77, 78.
• Exchangeable cutter heads 58, 59, 60 are intended for various widths of the tilled land strips. Their layout in relation to the output shaft 61 is fixed by inserting into one of the positioning grooves 65 with a locking bolt 68, runing through a cross hole 70 in the fastening hub 62, 63, 64, and a locking nut 69.
• the guard 10 of cultivator wheels 9 (see Fig. 6), fastened to the frame 1 by the upper suspension arm 79 and by the bottom suspension arm 82, consists of side walls of the guard 81, connected with each other by an arched wall 84, to which a tilting lid 85 is connected. Below the bottom suspension arm 80 near the bottom edge of the guard 1O a track roller 86 is fitted in roller holders 87.
• the side walls 83 of the guard JO are fitted with a recess 88 opened downwards, through which is .running the output shaft 61 with the fastening hub 62, 63, 64 of the cultivator wheel 9.
• a supporting surface 89 is formed, coming in contact with the upper surface of a collar 94 of the swing arm 8.
• a replacement hub 90 In the case of a larger pitch of tilling wheels 9 and shifting of the guard 10 from the swing arm 8, on the output shaft 61 is fitted a replacement hub 90, with which the supporting surface 89 of the guard 10 comes in contact.
• a tilting lid 85 is fitted on axle 91, fastened in holders 92.
• the trailing edge of said tilting lid 85 is formed so that it constitutes an outlet channel 93, as may be seen in Fig. 6. This edge can, however, be also straight.
• the guard 10 has normally only one width, convenient for all widths of cultivating wheels 9.
• the tilting lid 85 is exchangeable.
• the form of the trailing edge can be selected so as to make it suitable for a given width of the tilled land strip.
• the guard 10 becomes universal, because it is not necessary to exchange it when changing the width of tilled land strips. In movement and during tilling a land strip narrower than the width of the guard JO the trailing profile of a suitably chosen lid will shovel the strip of thrown-out earth back again into the tilled land strip.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Soil Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Soil Working Implements (AREA)

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Citations (6)

• 1997
  • 1997-11-11 CZ CZ19973552A patent/CZ290454B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1998
  • 1998-02-09 WO PCT/CZ1998/000008 patent/WO1999023868A1/en not_active Ceased

Patent Citations (6)

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