WO1999019963A1 - Machine electrique rotative - Google Patents

Machine electrique rotative Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999019963A1
WO1999019963A1 PCT/SE1998/001740 SE9801740W WO9919963A1 WO 1999019963 A1 WO1999019963 A1 WO 1999019963A1 SE 9801740 W SE9801740 W SE 9801740W WO 9919963 A1 WO9919963 A1 WO 9919963A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
machine
circuit
layer
rotating
conductor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1998/001740
Other languages
English (en)
Swedish (sv)
Inventor
Erland Sörensen
Mats Leijon
Bertil Berggren
Jan-Anders Nygren
Original Assignee
Abb Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abb Ab filed Critical Abb Ab
Priority to APAP/P/2000/001764A priority Critical patent/AP1058A/en
Priority to DE19882710T priority patent/DE19882710T1/de
Priority to AU92920/98A priority patent/AU9292098A/en
Priority to JP2000516417A priority patent/JP2001520495A/ja
Publication of WO1999019963A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999019963A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/34—Testing dynamo-electric machines
    • G01R31/346—Testing of armature or field windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/32—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
    • H02K3/40—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation for high voltage, e.g. affording protection against corona discharges
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/34—Testing dynamo-electric machines
    • G01R31/343—Testing dynamo-electric machines in operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2203/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the windings
    • H02K2203/15—Machines characterised by cable windings, e.g. high-voltage cables, ribbon cables

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a rotating electric machine of a type with rotating field circuit, which machine is intended for direct connection to a distribution or transmission network.
  • the invention also relates to the method of monitoring the resistance of the field winding to earth and of determining the rotor temperature.
  • the rotating electric machine according to the present invention may be e.g. a synchronous machine, dual-fed machine, asynchronous static current converter cascade, external pole machine or synchronous flow machine.
  • transformers In order to connect machines of this type to distribution or transmission networks, in the followed called power networks, transformers have previously been used to step up the voltage to the level of the network, i.e. to the range of 130-400 kV.
  • Generators having a rated voltage of up to 36 kV are described by Paul R. Siedler in an article entitled "36 kV Generators Arise from Insulation Research", Electrical World, 15 October 1932, pages 524-527.
  • These generators comprise windings of high-voltage cable in which the insulation is divided into various layers having different dielectric constants.
  • the insulating material used consists of various combinations of the three components mica-foil-mica, varnish and paper. It has now been discovered that by manufacturing windings for the machine mentioned in the introduction out of an insulated high-voltage electric conductor with solid insulation of a type similar to cables for power transmission, the voltage of the machine can be increased to such levels that the machine can be connected directly to any power network without an intermediate transformer.
  • a typical operating range for these machines is 30 to 800 kV.
  • the rotor winding of the synchronous machine is normally not monitored for earth faults.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide such a rotating electric machine for direct connection to power networks, with the ability to detect earth faults in the rotating field circuit.
  • the insulating conductor or high-voltage cable used in the present invention is flexible and is of the type described in more detail in WO 97/45919 and WO 97/45847.
  • the insulated conductor or cable is described further in WO 97/45918, WO 97/45930 and WO 97/45931.
  • the windings are preferably of a type corresponding to cables having solid, extruded insulation, like those currently used for power distribution, such as XPLE-cables or cables with EPR-insulation.
  • a cable comprises an inner conductor composed of one or more strands, an inner semiconducting layer surrounding the conductor, a solid insulating layer surrounding this inner semiconducting layer and an outer semiconducting layer surrounding the insulating layer.
  • Such cables are flexible, which is an important property in this context since the technology for the machine according to the invention is based primarily on winding systems in which the winding is formed from conductors which are bent during assembly.
  • the flexibility of a XPLE-cable normally corresponds to a radius of curvature of approximately 20 cm for a cable 30 mm in diameter, and a radius of curvature of approximately 65 cm for a cable 80 mm in diameter.
  • the term "flexible" is used to indicate that the winding is flexible down to a radius of curvature in the order of four times the cable diameter, preferably eight to twelve times the cable diameter.
  • the winding should be constructed to retain its properties even when it is bent and when it is subjected to thermal or mechanical stress during operation. It is vital that the layers retain their adhesion to each other in this context.
  • the material properties of the layers are decisive here, particularly their elasticity and relative coefficients of thermal expansion.
  • the insulating layer consists of cross-linked, low-density polyethylene
  • the semiconducting layers consist of polyethylene with soot and metal particles mixed in.
  • the insulating layer may consist, for example, of a solid thermoplastic material such as low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene
  • HDPE high density polyethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • PB polybutylene
  • PMP polymethyl pentane
  • XLPE or PEX cross-linked polyethylene
  • EPR ethylene propylene rubber
  • the inner and outer semiconducting layers may be of the same basic material but with particles of conducting material such as soot or metal powder mixed in.
  • the mechanical properties of these materials are affected relatively little by whether soot or metal powder is mixed in or not - at least in the proportions required to achieve the conductivity necessary according to the invention.
  • the insulating layer and the semiconducting layers thus have substantially the same coefficients of thermal expansion.
  • Ethylene-vinyl-acetate copoiymer/nitrile rubber, butylymp polyethylene, ethylene-acrylate-copolymers and ethyiene-ethyl-acrylate copolymers may also constitute suitable polymers for the semiconducting layers. Even when different types of material are used as base in the various layers, it is desirable for their coefficients of thermal expansion to be of the same order of magnitude. This is the case with the combination of the materials listed above.
  • the materials listed above have relatively good elasticity, with an E- modulus of E ⁇ 500 MPa, preferably ⁇ 200 MPa.
  • the elasticity is sufficient for any minor differences between the coefficients of thermal expansion for the materials in the layers to be absorbed in the radial direction of the elasticity so that no cracks or other damages appear and so that the layers are not released from each other.
  • the material in the layers is elastic, and the adhesion between the layers is at least of the same magnitude as in the weakest of the materials.
  • the conductivity of the two semiconducting layers is sufficient to substantially equalize the potential along each layer.
  • each of the two semiconducting layers essentially constitutes one equipotential surface, and the winding with these layers will substantially enclose the electrical field within it.
  • an excitation system for supplying the field circuit comprises a part rotating with the field circuit, and parts of the detecting circuit for earth faults are arranged in said rotating part.
  • the detecting circuit comprises a rotating injection circuit for application on a measuring circuit that is closed through the impedance between field winding and earth, an injection voltage and a measuring unit for measuring the error current resulting in said measuring circuit from the injection voltage, rectifier units being arranged to form rectified absolute values of the injection voltage and the error current, a wireless communication unit also being provided to transmit said absolute values to a stationary calculating unit for monitoring the resistance of the field winding to earth.
  • the calculating unit suitably comprises a computer equipment for implementing requisite calculation algorithms.
  • the injection circuit is supplied from the rotating stator side of the exciter. Voltage fluctuations can then be compensated for by means of software functions in the computer equipment. These functions are based on known circumstances relating to phase shifting in RC circuits and calculation of both real and imaginary current components and absolute values for limit value determination.
  • filter circuits are arranged in said measuring circuit in order to filter away harmonics and to block direct voltages.
  • the filter time constants for filtering harmonics shall in that case correspond to the period time of the injection voltage in order to enable the harmonics to be effectively filtered off.
  • scaling units are arranged prior to a comparator for comparison of said absolute values of the error current with predetermined limit values, which scaling units are arranged to normalise and compensate the measured error current for variations in the injection voltage before the error current is supplied to the comparator. This is of significance since the injection voltage is altered with the excitation.
  • the above-mentioned problem is solved by the injection circuit being supplied from a constant voltage source.
  • a stationary voltage source is arranged to supply the injection circuit via a ring transformer. This enables earth faults to be detected even when the rotor is stationary.
  • Figure 1 shows a cross section through the insulated conductor used for windings in the machine according to the invention
  • Figure 2 shows a diagram of the excitation system with circuit for detecting earth faults in the field circuit and with means for determining the rotor temperature in an embodiment of the rotating electric machine according to the invention
  • Figures 3-6 show equivalent circuits for the measuring circuit included in the detecting circuiMor earth faults, in different error cases, and Figure 7 illustrates an embodiment of a scaling unit for normalising and compensating the measured signal.
  • Figure 1 shows a cross section through an insulated conductor 11 intended for use in at least one of the windings of the machine in accordance with the invention.
  • the insulated conductor 11 thus comprises a number of strands 35 made of copper (Cu), for instance, and having circular cross section. These strands 35 are arranged in the middle of the insulated conductor 11.
  • a first semiconducting layer 13 Around the strands 35 is a first semiconducting layer 13.
  • an insulating layer 37 e.g. XPLE insulation.
  • the insulated conductor is flexible and this property is retained throughout its service life. Said three layers 13, 37, 15 are such that they adhere to each other even when the insulated conductor is bent.
  • the insulated conductor has a diameter within the interval 20-250 mm and a conducting area within the interval 80-3000 mnr ⁇ 2.
  • Figure 2 shows a circuit diagram of the excitation system in a rotating electric machine with one or more windings of the insulated conductor shown in
  • the excitation system comprises both a rotating injection and supply circuit 16 and a stationary unit 20 for detecting earth faults and for calculating the rotor temperature.
  • the excitation system thus comprises a rotating part 1 equipped with a rotating exciter G3 which, from the rotating stator side, supplies a diode or thyristor bridge 12 which is connected by its direct current side to the field winding
  • the rotating part 1 also includes a supply means 5 to supply the electronic equipment of the rotating part, and also with a communication unit 3.
  • a measuring means 25 is also provided for measuring the field current IF. Wireless communication between the rotating part
  • the measuring circuit is supplied with a suitable voltage U via an injection transformer 9, said voltage thus being withdrawn from the AC side of the exciter G3.
  • the measuring circuit includes two parallel RC branches and is closed through the impedance of the field winding 14 to earth.
  • the RC branches serve as current limitation and DC insulation.
  • the current I generated in the measuring circuit by the injection voltage U is sensed by a sensing circuit 22 via a measuring transformer 11 and converted to a corresponding voltage signal which is filtered in the filter circuit 24 and rectified in the rectifier 26.
  • obtained on the output of the rectifier 26, thus represents the amplitude value for the fundamental tone of the current I in the measuring circuit.
  • the injection voltage U is also filtered and rectified in similar manner in the filter circuit 28 and the rectifier 30, a voltage signal Uu being obtained on the output of the rectifier, which represents the amplitude value for the fundamental tone of the injection voltage U.
  • the filter time constants T for the filters 24, 28 shall correspond to the period time of the injection voltage U and measured current I to effectively filter off all harmonics.
  • are transmitted by the communication units 3, to the stationary part 20 for calculation of the resistance of the field winding 14 o earth from these signals in the calculating unit 17.
  • the calculating unit 17 thus enables earth faults in the field winding 14 to be monitored, and an alarm is tripped when the resistance of the field winding 14 to earth falls below a predetermined level.
  • Rj denotes the resistance of the field winding 14 to earth, i.e. in practice the resistance to the iron mass of the rotating part, and Cj denotes the capacitance of the winding 14 to earth.
  • the resistance Rj may in principle vary from infinitely large to zero.
  • the resultant current 11 in the circuit can be calculated using known values for the resistance R, capacitance C and injection voltage U, and suitable normalising constants can be determined in accordance with principles described in conjunction with Figure 7 below.
  • the absolute value of the current 11 corresponds to the value of the measured signal U1 that is transmitted to the calculating unit 17, as described above in conjunction with Figure 2.
  • the diagram to the right of the equivalent circuit in Figure 3 illustrates magnitudes and phase positions of the injection voltage U, composed of a resistive component Up and a capacitive component Uc, and the current 11.
  • the capacitance Cj of the winding 14 to earth can be determined using known values for the injection voltage U, resistance R and capacitance C and measuring the current 12.
  • the diagram to the right of the circuit shows magnitudes and phase positions of the injection voltage U, composed of a resistive component U r in phase with the current 12, and a capacitive component consisting of the voltage drop Uc over the capacitors C and the voltage drop Uj over the capacitance Cj, and the current 12.
  • Figure 5 shows a corresponding equivalent circuit in the event of a contact resistance between winding 14 and earth Rj, where 0 ⁇ Rj ⁇ , i.e. a state between the states illustrated in Figures 3 and 4.
  • Different limit values for the current 13 for alarm and tripping can, as mentioned in conjunction with Figure 2, be calculated using known values for the resistances R, capacitances C, earthing capacitance Cj, injection voltage U, and the currents 11 and 12 from the cases shown in Figures 3 and 4, as well as predetermined limit values for the contact resistance to earth Rj.
  • the diagram to the right of the circuit in Figure 5 illustrates magnitudes and phase positions of voltages and currents in a corresponding manner as in Figures 3 and 4. From this diagram, it is clear that the current 13 is in phase with the current 12 in Figure 4 and includes a current component lcj through the transition capacitance Cj and a current component l r j through the contact resistance Rj, the latter two current components being at right angles to each other in the diagram, i.e. phase-shifted 90°.
  • Figures 3 and 5 shows cases with errors on the DC side of the supply to the field winding from the exciter G3, see Figure 2.
  • Figure 6 illustrates a situation with faults on the AC side of the rectifier bridge 12.
  • a fault on the AC side is characterized by the addition of an extra supply source U a c. and by the absolute value of the current being composed of two components - one driven by the ordinary injection voltage U and one driven by the potential level of the fault point to earth, represented by the voltage U a c-
  • the total absolute value of the error current will exceed the limit values calculated in the case illustrated in Figure 5 - often by a good margin - resulting in the alarm being tripped.
  • the measured signals In the event of variations in the injection voltage U the measured signals must be compensated by scaling. Alternatively, the predetermined limit values for alarm tripping or releasing, etc. in a comparator must be changed, which is considerably more complicated.
  • FIG. 7 shows a scaling unit 32, 34 included in the calculating unit 17 in Figure 2.
  • representing the absolute value of the current I
  • K1 A suitable magnitude for the normalising constant K1 can be determined by means of a measuring procedure in accordance with Figure 3.
  • the current l n normalised and compensated with regard to variations in the injection voltage U, is supplied to a comparator 38 in which this current l n is compared with various predetermined limit values Lim 1 , Lim 2, Lim 3 for tripping the alarm, emitting a tripping signal, etc.
  • the measuring means 18 measure the field voltage and the measuring means 25 measures the field current, and corresponding measured signals UF and IF are transmitted via the wireless communication units 3, 4 to a unit 40 in the stationary equipment 20 for calculating the rotor temperature from these measured signals, see Figure 2.
  • the filter 42 in the measuring means 18 the field voltage signal is filtered with a time constant T1 which shall correspond to 0.3 times the no-load time constant of the field winding 14.
  • the unit 40 may in turn be connected to indicating means for the rotor temperature or alarm, for instance, or tripping means to activate these depending on the determined value for the rotor temperature.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)
  • Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
  • Protection Of Generators And Motors (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention a trait à une machine électrique rotative, du type à circuit inducteur rotatif, conçue pour être directement connectée à un réseau de distribution ou de transmission. Un enroulement de la machine (2) au moins comprend au moins un conducteur électrique, une première couche à propriétés semi-conductrices entourant le conducteur, une couche isolante solide entourant cette première couche et une seconde couche à propriétés semi-conductrices entourant la couche isolante. Cette machine est également pourvue d'un circuit de détection (16) destiné à détecter des défauts à la terre du circuit inducteur rotatif. Cette invention concerne également des méthodes de surveillance de la résistance du circuit inducteur rotatif à la terre et de détermination de la température du rotor dont est pourvue la machine.
PCT/SE1998/001740 1997-09-30 1998-09-29 Machine electrique rotative WO1999019963A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
APAP/P/2000/001764A AP1058A (en) 1997-09-30 1998-09-29 Rotating electric machine.
DE19882710T DE19882710T1 (de) 1997-09-30 1998-09-29 Rotierende Elektromaschine
AU92920/98A AU9292098A (en) 1997-09-30 1998-09-29 Rotating electric machine
JP2000516417A JP2001520495A (ja) 1997-09-30 1998-09-29 回転電気機械

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9703554-7 1997-09-30
SE9703554A SE521013C2 (sv) 1997-09-30 1997-09-30 Roterande elektrisk maskin försedd med lindning utgjord av högspänningskabel

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999019963A1 true WO1999019963A1 (fr) 1999-04-22

Family

ID=20408450

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1998/001740 WO1999019963A1 (fr) 1997-09-30 1998-09-29 Machine electrique rotative

Country Status (9)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2001520495A (fr)
CN (1) CN1272241A (fr)
AP (1) AP1058A (fr)
AU (1) AU9292098A (fr)
DE (1) DE19882710T1 (fr)
OA (1) OA11363A (fr)
SE (1) SE521013C2 (fr)
TR (1) TR200000797T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999019963A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012116757A1 (fr) * 2011-03-03 2012-09-07 Abb Research Ltd Procédé pour adaptation d'une détection de défauts de mise à la terre
FR2986618A1 (fr) * 2012-02-08 2013-08-09 Renault Sa Systeme embarque securise de charge de la batterie d'un vehicule automobile a partir d'un reseau d'alimentation

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2574947A1 (fr) * 2011-09-30 2013-04-03 ABB Technology AG Procédé de détermination de signaux stationnaires pour le diagnostic d'un système électromécanique

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3593123A (en) * 1968-03-15 1971-07-13 English Electric Co Ltd Dynamo electric machines including rotor winding earth fault detector
US3684821A (en) * 1971-03-30 1972-08-15 Sumitomo Electric Industries High voltage insulated electric cable having outer semiconductive layer
US4510077A (en) * 1983-11-03 1985-04-09 General Electric Company Semiconductive glass fibers and method
EP0274691A1 (fr) * 1986-12-15 1988-07-20 Hitachi, Ltd. Système de diagnostic de défauts pour enroulement de rotor d'une machine électrique rotative
US4785138A (en) * 1985-12-06 1988-11-15 Kabel Electro Gesellschaft mit beschrankter Haftung Electric cable for use as phase winding for linear motors
US4914386A (en) * 1988-04-28 1990-04-03 Abb Power Distribution Inc. Method and apparatus for providing thermal protection for large motors based on accurate calculations of slip dependent rotor resistance
US5036165A (en) * 1984-08-23 1991-07-30 General Electric Co. Semi-conducting layer for insulated electrical conductors
EP0642027A1 (fr) * 1993-09-01 1995-03-08 ABB Management AG Procédé et dispositif pour détecter des défaults à la terre des fils conducteurs dans une machine électrique
EP0671632A2 (fr) * 1994-02-25 1995-09-13 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Détecteur de court-circuit à la masse et relais de protection pour un enroulement d'excitation

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3593123A (en) * 1968-03-15 1971-07-13 English Electric Co Ltd Dynamo electric machines including rotor winding earth fault detector
US3684821A (en) * 1971-03-30 1972-08-15 Sumitomo Electric Industries High voltage insulated electric cable having outer semiconductive layer
US4510077A (en) * 1983-11-03 1985-04-09 General Electric Company Semiconductive glass fibers and method
US5036165A (en) * 1984-08-23 1991-07-30 General Electric Co. Semi-conducting layer for insulated electrical conductors
US4785138A (en) * 1985-12-06 1988-11-15 Kabel Electro Gesellschaft mit beschrankter Haftung Electric cable for use as phase winding for linear motors
EP0274691A1 (fr) * 1986-12-15 1988-07-20 Hitachi, Ltd. Système de diagnostic de défauts pour enroulement de rotor d'une machine électrique rotative
US4914386A (en) * 1988-04-28 1990-04-03 Abb Power Distribution Inc. Method and apparatus for providing thermal protection for large motors based on accurate calculations of slip dependent rotor resistance
EP0642027A1 (fr) * 1993-09-01 1995-03-08 ABB Management AG Procédé et dispositif pour détecter des défaults à la terre des fils conducteurs dans une machine électrique
EP0671632A2 (fr) * 1994-02-25 1995-09-13 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Détecteur de court-circuit à la masse et relais de protection pour un enroulement d'excitation

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012116757A1 (fr) * 2011-03-03 2012-09-07 Abb Research Ltd Procédé pour adaptation d'une détection de défauts de mise à la terre
CN103403564A (zh) * 2011-03-03 2013-11-20 Abb研究有限公司 用于接地故障检测适配的方法
RU2544267C1 (ru) * 2011-03-03 2015-03-20 Абб Рисерч Лтд Способ адаптации обнаружения короткого замыкания на землю
US9075099B2 (en) 2011-03-03 2015-07-07 Abb Research Ltd. Method for adaptation of ground fault detection
FR2986618A1 (fr) * 2012-02-08 2013-08-09 Renault Sa Systeme embarque securise de charge de la batterie d'un vehicule automobile a partir d'un reseau d'alimentation
WO2013117836A1 (fr) * 2012-02-08 2013-08-15 Renault S.A.S. Systeme embarque securise de charge de la batterie d'un vehicule automobile partir d'un reseau d'alimentation
US9599650B2 (en) 2012-02-08 2017-03-21 Renault S.A.S. Secure on-board system for charging the battery of a motor vehicle from a power supply network

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TR200000797T2 (tr) 2000-09-21
SE9703554D0 (sv) 1997-09-30
OA11363A (en) 2003-12-17
AU9292098A (en) 1999-05-03
SE521013C2 (sv) 2003-09-23
AP1058A (en) 2002-04-18
AP2000001764A0 (en) 2000-03-31
SE9703554L (sv) 1999-03-31
CN1272241A (zh) 2000-11-01
DE19882710T1 (de) 2000-08-24
JP2001520495A (ja) 2001-10-30

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