WO1999019236A1 - Conditionnement de distribution de dose unitaire - Google Patents

Conditionnement de distribution de dose unitaire Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1999019236A1
WO1999019236A1 PCT/US1998/021795 US9821795W WO9919236A1 WO 1999019236 A1 WO1999019236 A1 WO 1999019236A1 US 9821795 W US9821795 W US 9821795W WO 9919236 A1 WO9919236 A1 WO 9919236A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cartridge
dispense
ingredient
piston
dasher
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1998/021795
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robert E. Montenieri
Gary Tremley
Robert M. Summers
Original Assignee
Loctite Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Loctite Corporation filed Critical Loctite Corporation
Priority to BR9814081-7A priority Critical patent/BR9814081A/pt
Priority to AU98046/98A priority patent/AU758658B2/en
Priority to EP98952318A priority patent/EP1037823A4/fr
Priority to JP2000515818A priority patent/JP2001519537A/ja
Priority to US09/529,472 priority patent/US6343718B1/en
Priority to CA002309698A priority patent/CA2309698A1/fr
Priority to KR1020007004088A priority patent/KR20010031166A/ko
Publication of WO1999019236A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999019236A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C17/00—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces
    • B05C17/005—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes
    • B05C17/00576—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes characterised by the construction of a piston as pressure exerting means, or of the co-operating container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/54—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D51/00—Closures not otherwise provided for
    • B65D51/16—Closures not otherwise provided for with means for venting air or gas
    • B65D51/1633—Closures not otherwise provided for with means for venting air or gas whereby venting occurs by automatic opening of the closure, container or other element
    • B65D51/1644—Closures not otherwise provided for with means for venting air or gas whereby venting occurs by automatic opening of the closure, container or other element the element being a valve
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D83/00—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
    • B65D83/0005—Containers or packages provided with a piston or with a movable bottom or partition having approximately the same section as the container

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of dispense containers. More specifically, the present invention is directed to a unit dose dispense container for an activating catalyst for a heat curable impregnant.
  • the invention relates to a unit dose cartridge container for an ingredient to be mixed with a given quantity of a mixing component.
  • a typical use for the present invention is as a storage and dispense cartridge for vazo catalyst.
  • the vazo catalyst is typically dispensed into a 5 gallon carboy, having a 4 gallon fill, of heat cure impregnant. The combined mixture is then used for sealing porous metal or plastic parts.
  • the catalyst is added to the impregnant at the manufacturing facility where the mixture is also then applied.
  • Current methods for mixing the catalyst with the impregnant involve manually scooping an amount of vazo paste from a wide mouth liter container. Once the vazo has been added to the 5 gallon carboy, the carboy is closed and then shaken until the vazo mixes in with the impregnant.
  • a liter container of vazo catalyst includes about one kilogram of vazo catalyst which can catalyze about 7.6 carboys of heat cure impregnant.
  • the carboy of heat cure impregnant typically has a smaller opening than the vazo container, a certain amount of vazo scooping and scraping is required to complete the transfer.
  • the measuring tools used by each operator may vary so that such mixing methods elude precise dispensement of the ideal amount of catalyst for a carboy of impregnant.
  • the catalyzation rate for each carboy of mixture may vary from operator to operator. Such variances resulting from the imprecise apportioning of the vazo thereby inhibit precise quality control of the applied mixture.
  • vazo catalyst may be mixed with the impregnant prior to shipping, but the mixture must then be shipped refrigerated to maintain its viability. As the two ingredients may need to shipped to various facilities remote from the site of manufacture of the components, the increased costs for refrigerated shipping of the mixture make this method unacceptably expensive.
  • vazo catalyst It is therefore desirable to provide a transportation and dispense cartridge for vazo catalyst which reduces or eliminates risks to personnel and the environment and which provides higher assurance of precise catalyst dispensement into a carboy of heat cure impregnant.
  • the present invention provides a unit dose storage and dispenser cartridge for a unit dose of an ingredient includes a storage and dispense container dispensably containing a unit dose of the ingredient.
  • the container includes a cylindrical interior wall defining a cartridge passageway having an ingredient-containing ingredient storage cavity portion.
  • the container further defines a dispense opening communicating with the ingredient storage cavity portion and includes a first sealing member removably sealing the dispense opening.
  • a dispense piston is movable by a dasher rod through the ingredient storage cavity portion so as to dispense the unit dose of the ingredient through the dispense opening.
  • An openable vent is positioned in registry with the cartridge passageway. It is contemplated that the a dasher rod may be provided for each cartridge or that a single dasher rod may be provided for a given number of cartridges. It is further contemplated that the present invention may be provided in kit form.
  • Figure 1 shows an exploded view of the unit dose cartridge assembly and dasher rod of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the unit dose cartridge assembly of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 shows an exploded view of the unit dose cartridge assembly of Figure 2.
  • Figure 4 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the piston employed in the unit dose cartridge assembly of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a cartridge assembly 10 for containing and dispensing a precise unit dose of an ingredient.
  • Assembly 10 is particularly useful for containing and dispensing a vazo catalyst 12 into a carboy of heat cure impregnant (not shown). While the present invention is described for storing and containing a unit dose of vazo catalyst 12, it is understood that the present invention may be used for storing and dispensing any ingredient.
  • the components of assembly 10, except where later noted, are desirably formed of a suitable plastic material.
  • Assembly 10 includes a cartridge housing 14 for containing a precise unit dose of catalyst 12.
  • vazo catalyst which may be contained and dispensed by cartridge assembly 10 is sold by the assignee of the present invention under the tradename "RESINOL® INITIATOR PASTE".
  • One type of heat cure impregnant especially suited to be mixed with vazo catalyst 12 is currently sold by the assignee of the present invention under the tradename "90C STOCK SOLUTION”.
  • Cartridge assembly 10 includes an elongate tubular cartridge housing 14.
  • Cartridge housing 14 includes an elongate cylindrical wall 16 having an interior surface 18 and an exterior surface 20.
  • Cylindrical tube 16 includes a distal open end 22 defining a dispense opening 24 and a proximal open end 26 defining a mechanical access, or dasher-insertion, opening 28.
  • Cylindrical wall 16 defines an elongate cartridge interior 30 in fluid communication with dispense opening 24 and dasher-insertion opening 28.
  • the exterior surface 20 of cylindrical wall 16 has formed thereon an annular rib 32 in flush edge relationship with second end 26. It is also contemplated that a label 33 carrying visual indicia may be adhered to exterior surface 20 of cylindrical wall 16.
  • An elongate rigid dasher rod 15 may be provided as a kit with cartridge assembly 10, or alternatively, one dasher rod 15 may be provided per shipping unit of multiple cartridge assemblies.
  • Dasher rod 15 is desirably formed of a suitable plastic material and includes a tapered first end 15a for insertion into cartridge housing 14 and a second end 15b from which an operator manually drives first end 15a. Second end 15b desirably terminates at a discshaped dasher head 17.
  • the length of dasher rod 15 is desirably selected as described hereinbelow. It is contemplated that the function of dasher rod 15 may be performed by any object having the described characteristics including, by way of illustration and not by limitation, a screwdriver.
  • Assembly 10 further includes a piston 34 to be inserted into cartridge interior 30 of cartridge housing 14 so as to provide slidable friction engagement with interior surface 18 of cylindrical wall 16.
  • piston 34 further divides cartridge interior 30 between an ingredient storage cavity portion 36 extending between piston 34 and dispense opening 24 and a dasher-receiving portion 38 extending between dasher-insertion opening 28 and piston 34.
  • Cartridge housing 14 holds vazo catalyst 12 within and dispenses vazo catalyst 12 from ingredient storage cavity portion 36.
  • piston 34 includes an elongate cylindrical piston wall 40 having a distal end 42 and a proximal end 44.
  • Cylindrical piston wall 40 includes exterior piston wall surface 46, an interior piston wall surface 47, and defines a piston interior 48.
  • Interior piston wall surface 47 desirably has formed thereon a number of annular stiffening ribs 49 to provide increased structural rigidity to cylindrical piston wall 40.
  • Exterior piston wall surface 46 is formed to provide slidable friction engagement with interior surface 18 of cylindrical wall 16.
  • a rounded piston end wall 50 extends from distal end 42 so as to provide a convex surface 52 extending into the ingredient storage cavity portion 36 of assembly 10. Convex surface 52 terminates at a central transverse planar surface 54. End wall 50 also provides a concave surface 56 facing piston interior 48 and dasher-receiving portion 38 of housing 14. Concave surface 56 circumferentially bounds an axially central planar surface 58, opposite planar surface 54.
  • a dasher-engagement hub 60 extends from planar surface 58 towards piston interior 48 and includes a cylindrical hub wall 62 defining a dasher receiving cavity 64. Hub 60 accommodates distal end 15a of dasher rod 15 in frictional or abutting engagement.
  • Piston 34 desirably includes an annular flared wiping rib 66 extending distally from distal end 42 of cylindrical piston wall 40.
  • An annular groove 68 is defined between convex surface 52 and wiping rib 66.
  • Wiping rib 66 is formed to provide a wiping engagement with interior surface 18 of cylindrical wall 16 as piston 34 is used to push vazo catalyst 12 through ingredient storage cavity portion 36 towards dispense end 22. Wiping rib 66 thereby reduces the amount of residual vazo catalyst 12 remaining within cartridge housing 14 after dispensement.
  • cartridge housing 14 provides an hermetically sealed container of vazo catalyst 12.
  • a dispense seal 70 is removably affixed over dispense opening 24.
  • Dispense seal 70 is desirably formed of a metallic foil such as aluminum foil or tin foil. Dispense seal 70 may be adhered to cartridge housing 14 or simply held in place by a dispense end cap 72. While dispense seal 70 is formed having a substantially circular shape, it desirably provides a graspable tab 71 extending radially outward therefrom. Tab 71 assists an operator in pealing dispense seal 70 from cartridge housing 14 prior to dispensing vazo catalyst 12.
  • Dispense end cap 72 is secured over dispense seal 70 in frictional engagement with dispense end 24.
  • Dispense end cap 72 includes a substantially planar circular base 74 circumferentially bounded by an upstanding housing engagement wall 76.
  • Housing engagement wall 76 may include an annular housing engagement rib 78 disposed over circular base 74 so as to enhance the deflectable frictional engagement of housing engagement wall 76 with cartridge housing 14.
  • a vented seal 80 is provided to relieve any resulting excessive pressure build-up within cartridge interior 30.
  • Vented seal 80 removably affixed to tube proximal end 26 over dasher-insertion opening 28.
  • Vented seal 80 is desirably formed of a metallic foil such as aluminum foil or tin foil.
  • Vented seal 80 is desirably adhered to cartridge housing 14 or simply held in place by a proximal end cap 82.
  • vented seal 80 is formed having a substantially circular shape, it desirably provides a graspable tab 81 extending radially outward therefrom. Tab 81 assists an operator in pealing vented seal 80 from cartridge housing 14.
  • Vented seal 80 includes a centrally-located vent aperture 84 to be positioned in registry with dasher-receiving portion 38 of cartridge interior 30. Vent aperture 84 is covered from cartridge interior 30 by a pressure-relief vent 86. Vent 86 includes a venting plug 88 in registry with vent aperture 84. Venting plug 88 is perimetrically bounded by and concentrically interposed between a first laminate member 90 and a second laminate member 91. First laminate layer 90 adhesively attaches to vented seal 80. Venting plug 88 is desirably formed of microporous polytetraflouroethylene.
  • Vent 86 is of the type known in the art and will prevent the exchange of air through vent aperture 84 until elevated temperatures cause excessive pressure build-up in cartridge interior 30, at which point vent 86 will open and allow the high pressure air to escape through vent aperture 84.
  • Proximal end cap 82 is secured over vented seal 80 and annular rib 32 so as to provide frictional engagement with proximal end 26 of cartridge housing 14.
  • Proximal end cap 82 is a substantially disc-like member including a planar circular base 92 which defines a central aperture 94 and which is circumferentially bounded by an upstanding housing engagement wall 96. Central aperture 94 is formed to be positionable in registry with vent aperture 84 and to allow dasher rod 15 to be inserted therethrough to engage piston 34.
  • Central aperture 94 is desirably too small to allow dasher head 17 therethrough in order that circular base 92 may prevent dasher head from being pushed into cartridge interior 30.
  • the length of dasher rod 15 is optimally selected so as not to force piston 34 out from cartridge interior 30 when dasher head 17 abuts proximal end cap 82 while also desirably exposing convex surface 52 of piston 34 through dispense opening 24.
  • Housing engagement wall 96 of end cap 82 may include an annular housing engagement rib 98 disposed over circular base 92 so as to enhance the deflectable frictional engagement of housing engagement wall 96 with cartridge housing 14.
  • proximal end cap 82 must also deflectably engage annular rib 32 projecting from exterior cylindrical wall 20 and dispense end cap 72 need only deflectably engage exterior cylindrical wall 20, assembly 10 desirably requires proximal end cap 82 to have a larger sealing diameter than dispense end cap 72.
  • assembly 10 provides an anti-malassembly feature that ensures the end caps 72 and 82 will be placed over the appropriate end 22 and 26, respectively, of tube 16.
  • Cartridge assembly 10 may therefore be constructed to hold a precise unit dose, i.e. about 130 grams, of vazo catalyst 12 for mixing with a five gallon carboy of heat cure impregnant.
  • the present invention minimizes operator exposure to vazo catalyst 12 by providing a single use disposable cartridge which minimizes operator handling of components that contact the vazo. Additionally, by providing and cleanly dispensing a precise unit dose of vazo catalyst 12, the present invention significantly reduces the amount of excess or unused vazo catalyst paste that may be thrown away.
  • An operator may dispense vazo catalyst 12 from Cartridge assembly 10 as follows.
  • Dasher rod 15 may be inserted through central aperture 94 of proximal end cap 82 to puncture vented seal 80 so as to extend through dasher-receiving portion 38 and to engage piston 34.
  • Tapered first end 15a of dasher rod 15 desirably partially extends into dasher receiving cavity 64 and engages hub wall 62 of dasher-engagement hub 60.
  • the operator may then remove dispense end cap 72 and peal dispense seal 70 from distal end 22 of cartridge housing 14 to expose vazo catalyst 12.
  • Dispense opening 24 is then placed in registry with, or into, an opening of a carboy of heat cure impregnant.
  • dasher head 17 of dasher rod 15 to force piston 34 distally towards dispense opening 24 so as to dispense vazo catalyst 12 into the carboy.
  • wiping rib 66 wipingly slides along interior cylindrical wall 18 to minimize residual catalyst 12 remaining within cartridge interior 30.
  • the operator will continue pushing piston 34 distally until convex surface 50 extends fully from cartridge interior 30. In this fully extended position, cylindrical piston wall 40 still frictionally engages interior cylindrical wall 18.
  • the length of dasher rod 15 is therefor desirably selected to be sufficient to fully extend convex surface 50 from cartridge interior 30 yet also to be insufficient to inadvertently force piston 34 out of cartridge interior 30.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

Une cartouche (10) de stockage et de distribution de dose unitaire pour une dose unitaire d'un ingrédient (12) comprend un récipient de stockage et de distribution contenant une dose unitaire distribuable de l'ingrédient (12). Le récipient (10) comprend une paroi intérieure cylindrique (18) définissant un passage (39) de cartouche comportant une partie (36) à cavité de stockage d'ingrédient contenant l'ingrédient. Le récipient (10) définit également une ouverture de distribution (24) communiquant avec la partie (36) à cavité de stockage d'ingrédient, et il comprend un premier élément d'étanchéité (70) fermant de manière étanche et amovible l'ouverture (24) de distribution. Un piston (34) de distribution est actionné par une tige de poussée (15) à travers la partie (36) à cavité de stockage d'ingr¤dient afin de distributer la dose unitaire de l'ingr¤dient (12) ¼ travers l'ouverture (24) de distribution. Un orifice ouvrable (86) est positionn¤ en alignement avec le passage de la cartouche.
PCT/US1998/021795 1997-10-15 1998-10-15 Conditionnement de distribution de dose unitaire WO1999019236A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BR9814081-7A BR9814081A (pt) 1997-10-15 1998-10-15 Cartucho de armazenamento e distribuição de dose unitária, e, conjunto para armazenar e distribuir uma dose unitária de um ingrediente em um volume de mistura
AU98046/98A AU758658B2 (en) 1997-10-15 1998-10-15 Unit dose dispense package
EP98952318A EP1037823A4 (fr) 1997-10-15 1998-10-15 Conditionnement de distribution de dose unitaire
JP2000515818A JP2001519537A (ja) 1997-10-15 1998-10-15 単位定量パッケージ
US09/529,472 US6343718B1 (en) 1998-10-15 1998-10-15 Unit dose dispense package
CA002309698A CA2309698A1 (fr) 1997-10-15 1998-10-15 Conditionnement de distribution de dose unitaire
KR1020007004088A KR20010031166A (ko) 1997-10-15 1998-10-15 일회분 디스펜스 패키지

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US6156497P 1997-10-15 1997-10-15
US60/061,564 1997-10-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999019236A1 true WO1999019236A1 (fr) 1999-04-22

Family

ID=22036592

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1998/021795 WO1999019236A1 (fr) 1997-10-15 1998-10-15 Conditionnement de distribution de dose unitaire

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1037823A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP2001519537A (fr)
KR (1) KR20010031166A (fr)
CN (1) CN1130300C (fr)
AU (1) AU758658B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR9814081A (fr)
CA (1) CA2309698A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2211792C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999019236A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000078176A3 (fr) * 1999-06-22 2001-08-09 Politech Inc Systeme de cartouche et de distribution a stylo
US20220401946A1 (en) * 2017-07-27 2022-12-22 Biomerieux, Inc. Isolation tube

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT510491A2 (de) * 2010-10-14 2012-04-15 Rathor Ag Vorrichtung zum verteilen von klebstoff
CN105644922A (zh) * 2016-01-26 2016-06-08 济南大学 一种精准化调剂瓶

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3250442A (en) * 1964-02-27 1966-05-10 Bell Hugh Micheal Disposable grease cartridge
US3472433A (en) * 1968-02-13 1969-10-14 Lewis C Thomas Dispensing cartridge with severable portions
US3815791A (en) * 1973-04-26 1974-06-11 Cantop Inc Hermetically sealed tube for containing and dispensing viscous materials
US4356935A (en) * 1979-04-18 1982-11-02 Kardon Industries, Inc. Method and apparatus for storing and dispensing fluid foodstuff
US4792065A (en) * 1986-05-09 1988-12-20 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Composite ejecting piston with chamber

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3250442A (en) * 1964-02-27 1966-05-10 Bell Hugh Micheal Disposable grease cartridge
US3472433A (en) * 1968-02-13 1969-10-14 Lewis C Thomas Dispensing cartridge with severable portions
US3815791A (en) * 1973-04-26 1974-06-11 Cantop Inc Hermetically sealed tube for containing and dispensing viscous materials
US4356935A (en) * 1979-04-18 1982-11-02 Kardon Industries, Inc. Method and apparatus for storing and dispensing fluid foodstuff
US4792065A (en) * 1986-05-09 1988-12-20 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Composite ejecting piston with chamber

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP1037823A4 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000078176A3 (fr) * 1999-06-22 2001-08-09 Politech Inc Systeme de cartouche et de distribution a stylo
US20220401946A1 (en) * 2017-07-27 2022-12-22 Biomerieux, Inc. Isolation tube

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2001519537A (ja) 2001-10-23
CA2309698A1 (fr) 1999-04-22
CN1279643A (zh) 2001-01-10
CN1130300C (zh) 2003-12-10
RU2211792C2 (ru) 2003-09-10
AU758658B2 (en) 2003-03-27
EP1037823A1 (fr) 2000-09-27
BR9814081A (pt) 2000-09-26
AU9804698A (en) 1999-05-03
EP1037823A4 (fr) 2002-11-27
KR20010031166A (ko) 2001-04-16

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