WO1999015610A1

WO1999015610A1 - Application of unsaturated betain tensides as thickening agents

Info

Publication number: WO1999015610A1
Application number: PCT/EP1998/005875
Authority: WO
Inventors: Joaquin Bigorra; Rafael Pi Subirana; Esther Prat Queralt; Nuria Bonastre Gilabert
Original assignee: Cognis Deutschland Gmbh
Priority date: 1997-09-25
Filing date: 1998-09-16
Publication date: 1999-04-01
Also published as: DE19742285C1

Abstract

The invention relates to the application of unsaturated betain tensides as thickening agents for diluted tenside solutions especially for solutions of alkylether sulfates, monoglyceride (ether) sulfates, alkyl (alkenyl) oligoglucosides and saturated betaines. A particular advantage provided by the invention is that the tenside content of the preparations can be reduced at constant capacities by applying betain tensides in lieu of commercially available polymer thickening agents.

Description

Use of unsaturated betaine surfactants as thickeners

Field of the Invention

The invention relates to the use of unsaturated betaine surfactants as thickeners for aqueous surfactant solutions.

State of the art

Aqueous surfactant solutions or aqueous surfactant-containing preparations, such as, for example, hair shampoos or hand dishwashing detergents, often have an insufficiently low viscosity. It is immediately clear that an agent which has a flow behavior such as water is difficult to dose and therefore there is a risk for the consumer that he always uses more than desired. To avoid this problem, thickeners are added to such preparations, which are often synthetic polymeric compounds, such as, for example, poly (meth) acrylates, polyvinyl compounds, polycarboxylates, modified natural products, such as, for example, Carboxymethyl celluloses and cellulose ethers or natural products, e.g. Agar-agar, carrageenan, alginates, pectins, but also polysilicic acids or clay minerals can act. All of these have in common that, apart from the thickening effect, they make no contribution to the performance of the formulations. This contrasts with the desire of the manufacturers of such preparations to use polyfunctional feedstocks, in the present case thickeners with additional properties, especially detergent properties.

The object of the invention was therefore to provide substances which reliably thicken the widest possible spectrum of aqueous surfactant solutions and at the same time themselves have surface-active properties. Description of the invention

Surprisingly, it has been found that betaine surfactants which contain a mono- or polyunsaturated hydrocarbon or acyra radical are excellent thickeners for aqueous solutions of anionic, nonionic, cationic and / or amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants.

Betaine

Betaines are known surfactants which are predominantly produced by carboxyalkylation, preferably carboxymethylation, of aminic compounds. The starting materials are preferably condensed with halocarboxylic acids or their salts, in particular with sodium chloroacetate, one mol of salt being formed per mole of betaine. The addition of unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid is also possible. Regarding the nomenclature and in particular the distinction between betaines and "real" amphoteric surfactants, reference is made to the contribution by U.PIoog in Seifen-Öle-Fette-Wwachs, 108, 373 (1982). Further overviews on this topic can be found for example by A. O'Lennick et al. in HAPPI, Nov. 70 (1986), S. Holzman et al. in Tens.Surf.Det. 23, 309 (1986), R.Bilbo et al. in Soap Cosm.Chem.Spec. Apr. 46 (1990) and P.EIIis et al. in Euro Cosm. 1, 14 (1994). Examples of betaines suitable as thickeners are the carboxyalkylation products of secondary and in particular tertiary unsaturated amines which follow the formula (I)

R2

IR ¹ -N- (CH ₂ ) nCOOX (I)

I.

R3

in which R ¹ for a hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, R ² for hydrogen or alkyl radicals with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R ³ for alkyl radicals with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, n for numbers from 1 to 6 and X represents an alkali and / or alkaline earth metal or ammonium. Typical examples are the carboxymethylation products of oleylmethylamine, oleyldimethylamine, elaidylmethylamine, elaidyldimethylamine, petroselinylmethylamine, petroselinyldimethylamine, ünolylmethylamine, linolyldimethylamine, linolenylmethylamine, linoienyldimethylamine and erucyldimethylamine, as well as erucyldimethylamine. Also suitable as thickeners are carboxyalkylation products of unsaturated amido amines which follow the formula (II)

R2

IR ⁴ CO-NH- (CH ₂ ) mN- (CH ₂ ) _n COOX (II)

I.

R3

in which R ⁴ CO represents an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, m represents numbers from 1 to 3 and R ² , R ³ , n and X have the meanings given above. Typical examples are reaction products of unsaturated fatty acids with 16 to 22 carbon atoms, namely palmoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, petroselinic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, gadoleic acid and erucic acid as well as their technical mixtures, which predominantly, ie to more than 50% by weight, these fatty acids contain, with N, N-dimethylaminoethylamine, N, N-dimethylaminopropylamine, N, N-diethylaminoethylamine and NN-diethylaminopropylamine, which are condensed with sodium chloroacetate. The use of a condensation product of oleic acid N, N-dimethylaminopropylamide with sodium chloroacetate is preferred.

Also suitable as suitable starting materials for the betaines to be used as thickeners in the context of the invention are unsaturated imidazolines which follow the formula (III)

in which R ^{5 is} a hydrocarbon radical having 15 to 21 carbon atoms and 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, R ^{6 is} a hydroxyl group, an OCOR ⁵ or NHCOR ⁵ radical and m is 2 or 3. These substances are also known substances which, for example, by cyclizing condensation of 1 or 2 moles of unsaturated fatty acid, namely palmoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, petroselinic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, gadoleic acid and erucic acid and their technical mixtures these fatty acids predominantly, ie contain more than 50% by weight, can be obtained with polyvalent amines such as aminoethylethanolamine (AEEA) or diethylenetriamine. The corresponding carboxyalkylation products are mixtures of different open-chain betaines. Typical examples are condensation products of the above-mentioned fatty acids with AEEA, preferably imidazolines based on oleic acid, which are subsequently betainized with sodium chloroacetate. The betaine surfactants are usually used in amounts of 0.1 to 5, preferably 0.5 to 4 and in particular 1 to 2% by weight, based on the solids content of the aqueous surfactant solutions.

Surfactant solutions

A particular advantage of the invention is that a large number of different surfactant solutions can be reliably thickened with the addition of the unsaturated betaines. In contrast to commercially available polymeric thickeners, such as, for example, polyacrylates or carboxymethyl celluloses, the use of the unsaturated surfactants increases the proportion of surfactant in the formulation, which is advantageous with regard to the detergent properties. Conversely, in many cases it is possible to reduce the proportion of surfactant by the amount of the thickening agent without fear of impairing the surfactant properties.

Typical examples of surfactants whose aqueous solutions can be thickened by adding the unsaturated betaines are anionic surfactants, such as soaps, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkanesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, alkyl ether sulfonates, glycerol ether sulfonates, α-methyl ester sulfonates, sulfo fatty acids, alkyl sulfates, fatty alcohol ether Glycerol ether, Hydroxymischethersulfate, monoglyceride (ether) sulfates, fatty acid amide (ether) sulfates, mono- and dialkyl sulfosuccinates, mono- and di- alkyl sulfosuccinamates, sulfotriglycerides, amide soaps, ether carboxylic acids and salts thereof, fatty acid isethionates, fatty acid sarcosinates, fatty acid taurides, N-acylamino acids such as acyl lactyl late, acyl tartrate, acyl giutamate and acyl aspartate, alkyl oligoglucoside sulfate, protein fatty acid condensate (especially vegetable products based on wheat) and alkyl (ether) phosphate. If the anionic surfactants contain polyglycol ether chains, they can have a conventional, but preferably a narrow, homolog distribution. Typical examples of nonionic surfactants are fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, fatty acid polyglycol esters, fatty acid amide polyglycol ethers, fatty amine polyglycol ethers, alkoxylated triglycerides, mixed ethers or mixed formals, optionally partially oxidized aik (en) yloligoglycosides, particularly nucylglycolic acid amide, and glucorogluconic acid amide, and glucoronic acid amide, and glucorosulfonic acid derivatives Wheat-based products), polyesters, esters, sugar esters, sorbitan esters, polysorbates and amine oxides. If the nonionic surfactants contain polyglycol ether chains, they can have a conventional, but preferably a narrow, homolog distribution. Typical examples of cationic surfactants are quaternary ammonium compounds and ester quats, in particular quaternized fatty acid trialkanolamine ester salts. Typical examples of amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants are saturated alkyl betaines, alkyl amido betaines, aminopropionates, aminoglycinates, imidazolinium betaines and sulfobetaines. The surfactants mentioned are exclusively known compounds. With regard to the structure and manufacture of these substances, reference is made, for example, to J.Falbe (ed.), "Surfactants in Consumer Products", Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1987, pp. 54-124 or J.Falbe (ed.), "Catalysts, Surfactants and Mineral Oil Additives", Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1978, p. 123-217. Aqueous solutions of alkyl ether sulfates, monoglyceride (ether) sulfates, alk (en) yl oligoglycosides and saturated betaines are preferably thickened. The solids concentration in the solutions can be 5 to 60, preferably 10 to 50 and in particular 20 to 40% by weight.

Auxiliaries and additives

The surfactant solutions to be thickened may contain other auxiliaries and additives, in particular those customary for cosmetic applications, such as, for example, oil bodies, emulsifiers, superfatting agents, pearlescent waxes, stabilizers, consistency enhancers, additional thickening agents, cationic polymers, silicone compounds, biogenic active ingredients, antidandruff agents, film formers, preservatives , Hydrotropes, solubiiizers, UV light protection filters, insect repellents, self-tanners, perfume oils, dyes and the like.

Guerbet alcohols based on fatty alcohols with 6 to 18, preferably 8 to 10 carbon atoms, esters of linear C6-C22 fatty acids with linear C6-C22 fatty alcohols, esters of branched C6-Ci3 carboxylic acids with linear Cδ-C22- Fatty alcohols, esters of linear C6-C22 fatty acids with branched alcohols, especially 2-ethylhexanol, esters of linear and / or branched fatty acids with polyhydric alcohols (such as propylene glycol, dimerediol or trimer triol) and / or Guerbet alcohols, triglycerides based on C6 -Cι ₀ fatty acids, liquid mono- / di- / triglyceride mixtures based on Cδ-Ciβ fatty acids, esters of Cε-C∑∑ fatty alcohols and / or Guerbet alcohols with aromatic carboxylic acids, especially benzoic acid, vegetable oils, branched primary alcohols, substituted cyclohexanes, linear Cδ-C-fatty alcohol carbonates, Guerbet carbonates, esters of benzoic acid with linear and / or branched C6-C22 alcohols (e.g. B Finsolv® TN), dialkyl ethers, ring opening products of epoxidized fatty acid esters with polyols, silicone oils and / or aliphatic or naphthenic hydrocarbons.

Examples of suitable emulsifiers are nonionic surfactants from at least one of the following groups:

(1) Adducts of 2 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide and / or 0 to 5 moles of propylene oxide with linear fatty alcohols with 8 to 22 carbon atoms, with fatty acids with 12 to 22 carbon atoms and with alkylphenols with 8 to 15 carbon atoms in the Alkyl group;

(2) Ci2 / i8 fatty acid monoesters and diesters of adducts of 1 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide with glycerol; (3) glycerol monoesters and diesters and sorbitan monoesters and diesters of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and their ethylene oxide addition products;

(4) alkyl mono- and oligoglycosides with 8 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical and their ethoxylated analogs;

(5) adducts of 15 to 60 moles of ethylene oxide with castor oil and / or hardened castor oil;

(6) polyol and especially polyglycerol esters such as e.g. Polyglycerol polyricinoleate, polyglycerol poly-12-hydroxystearate or polyglycerol dimerate. Mixtures of compounds from several of these classes of substances are also suitable;

(7) adducts of 2 to 15 moles of ethylene oxide with castor oil and / or hardened castor oil;

(8) partial esters based on linear, branched, unsaturated or saturated C6 / 22 fatty acids, ricinoleic acid and 12-hydroxystearic acid and glycerol, polyglycerol, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, sugar alcohols (eg sorbitol), alkyl glucosides (eg methyl glucoside, butylgiucoside - glucoside) and polyglucosides (eg cellulose);

(9) trialkyl phosphates and mono-, di- and / or tri-PEG-alkyl phosphates;

(10) wool wax alcohols;

(11) polysiioxane-polyalkyl-polyether copolymers or corresponding derivatives;

(12) mixed esters of pentaerythritol, fatty acids, citric acid and fatty alcohol according to DE-PS 1165574 and / or mixed esters of fatty acids with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, methyl glucose and polyols, preferably glycerol and

(13) Polyalkylene glycols.

The adducts of ethylene oxide and / or of propylene oxide with fatty alcohols, fatty acids, alkylphenols, glycerol mono- and diesters and sorbitan mono- and diesters of fatty acids or with castor oil are known, commercially available products. These are mixtures of homologs, the middle of which Degree of alkoxylation corresponds to the ratio of the amounts of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and substrate with which the addition reaction is carried out. Ci2 / i8 fatty acid monoesters and diesters of adducts of ethylene oxide with glycerol are known from DE-PS 20 24 051 as refatting agents for cosmetic preparations.

C8 / i8 alkyl mono- and oligoglycosides, their preparation and their use are known from the prior art. They are produced in particular by reacting glucose or oligosaccharides with primary alcohols with 8 to 18 carbon atoms. With regard to the glycoside residue, both monoglycosides in which a cyclic sugar residue is glycosidically bonded to the fatty alcohol and oligomeric glycosides with a degree of oligomerization of up to preferably about 8 are suitable. The degree of oligomerization is a statistical mean value which is based on a homogeneous distribution customary for such technical products. Zwitterionic surfactants can also be used as emulsifiers. Zwitterionic surfactants are surface-active compounds that contain at least one quaternary ammonium group and at least one carboxylate and one sulfonate group in the molecule. Particularly suitable zwitterionic surfactants are the so-called betaines, such as the N-alkyl-N, N-dimethylammonium glycinate, for example coconut alkyldimethylammonium glycinate, N-acylamino propyl-N, N-dimethylammonium glycinate, for example coconut acylaminopropyldimethylammonium glycinate, and 2-alkyl-3-carboxyl -3-hydroxyethylimidazolines each having 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl or acyl group and the cocoacylaminoethylhydroxyethylcarboxymethylglycinate. The fatty acid amide derivative known under the CTFA name Cocamidopropyl Betaine is particularly preferred. Suitable emulsifiers are ampholytic surfactants. Ampholytic surfactants are surface-active compounds which, in addition to a Cβ-alkyl or -acyl group, contain at least one free amino group and at least one -COOH or -SO3H group in the molecule and are capable of forming internal salts. Examples of suitable ampholytic surfactants are N-alkylglycines, N-alkylpropionic acids, N-alkylaminobutyric acids, N-alkyliminodipropionic acids, N-hydroxyethyl-N-alkylamidopropylglycines, N-alkyltaurines, N-alkylsarcosines, 2-alkylaminopropionic acids and alkylaminoacetic acids, each with about 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group. Particularly preferred ampholytic surfactants are N-cocoalkylaminopropionate, cocoacylaminoethylaminopropionate and Ci2 / i8-acylsarcosine. In addition to the ampholytic emulsifiers, quaternary emulsifiers are also suitable, those of the ester quat type, preferably methyl-quaternized difatty acid triethanolamine ester salts, being particularly preferred.

Substances such as, for example, lanolin and lecithin and polyethoxylated or acylated lanolin and lecithin derivatives, polyol fatty acid esters, monoglycerides and fatty acid alkanolamides can be used as superfatting agents, the latter simultaneously serving as foam stabilizers.

Pearlescent waxes, for example, are: alkylene glycol esters, especially ethylene glycol distearate; Fatty acid alkanolamides, especially coconut fatty acid diethanolamide; Partial glycerides, especially stearic acid monoglyceride; Esters of polyvalent, optionally hydroxy-substituted carboxylic acids with fatty alcohols having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, especially long-chain esters of tartaric acid; Fatty substances, such as, for example, fatty alcohols, fatty ketones, fatty aldehydes, fatty ethers and fatty carbonates, which have a total of at least 24 carbon atoms, especially lauron and distearyl ether; Fatty acids such as stearic acid, hydroxystearic acid or behenic acid, ring opening products of olefin epoxides with 12 to 22 carbon atoms with fatty alcohols with 12 to 22 carbon atoms and / or polyols with 2 to 15 carbon atoms and 2 to 10 hydroxyl groups and mixtures thereof.

Mainly fatty alcohols with 12 to 22 and preferably 16 to 18 carbon atoms and also partial glycerides come into consideration as consistency agents. A combination of these is preferred Substances with alkyl oligoglucosides and / or fatty acid N-methylglucamides of the same chain length and / or polyglycerol poly-12-hydroxystearates. Suitable thickeners are, for example, polysaccharides, in particular xanthan gum, guar guar, agar agar, alginates and tyloses, carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose, and also higher molecular weight polyethylene glycol mono- and diesters of fatty acids, polyacrylates, (for example Carbopole® from Goodrich or Synthaiene® from Sigma), polyacrylic amides, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone as well as electrolytes such as table salt and ammonium chloride.

Suitable cationic polymers are, for example, cationic cellulose derivatives, e.g. a quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose available under the name Polymer JR 400® from Amerchol, cationic starch, copolymers of diallylammonium salts and acrylamides, quaternized vinylpyrroiidone / vinylimidazole polymers such as e.g. Luviquat® (BASF), condensation products of polyglycols and amines, quaternized collagen polypeptides, such as, for example, lauryldimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed collagen (Lamequat®IJGrünau), quaternized wheat polypeptides, polyethyleneimine, cationic silicone polymers, e.g. Amidomethicones, copolymers of adipic acid and dimethylaminohydroxypropyldiethylenetriamine (Cartaretine® / Sandoz), copolymers of acrylic acid with dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (Merquat® 550 / Chemviron), polyaminopolyamides, e.g. described in FR-A 2252840 and its crosslinked water-soluble polymers, cationic chitin derivatives such as quaternized chitosan, optionally microcrystalline, condensation products of dihaloalkylene, such as e.g. Dibromobutane with bisdialkylamines, e.g. Bis-dimethylamino-1,3-propane, cationic guar gum, such as e.g. Jaguar® CBS, Jaguar® C-17, Jaguar® C-16 from Celanese, quaternized ammonium salt polymers such as e.g. Mirapol® A-15, Mirapol® AD-1, Mirapol® AZ-1 from Miranol.

Suitable silicone compounds are, for example, dimethylpolysiloxanes, methylphenylpolysiloxanes, cyclic silicones and amino, fatty acid, alcohol, polyether, epoxy, fluorine, glycoside and / or alkyl-modified silicone compounds, which can be both liquid and resinous at room temperature. Typical examples of fats are glycerides, beeswax, camamauba wax, candelilla wax, montan wax, paraffin wax or microwaxes, if appropriate in combination with hydrophilic waxes, for example cetylstearyl alcohol or partial glycerides. Metal salts of fatty acids such as magnesium, aluminum and / or zinc stearate can be used as stabilizers. Biogenic active substances are, for example, tocopherol, tocopherol acetate, tocopherol palmitate, ascorbic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, retinol, bisabolot, allantoin, phytantriol, panthenol, AHA acids, amino acids, ceramides, pseudoceramides, essential oils, plant extracts and vitamins. Climbazole, octopirox and zinc pyrethione can be used as antidandruff agents. Common film formers are, for example, chitosan, microcrystalline chitosan, quaternized chitosan, polyvinylpyrrolidone, vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymers, polymers of the acrylic acid series, quaternary cellulose derivatives, collagen, hyaluronic acid or their salts and similar compounds. Montmorillonites, clay minerals, pemulene and alkyl-modified carbopol types (Goodrich) can serve as swelling agents for aqueous phases.

UV light protection filters are organic substances which are able to absorb ultraviolet rays and the absorbed energy in the form of longer-wave radiation, e.g. To give off heat again. UVB filters can be oil-soluble or water-soluble. As oil-soluble substances e.g. to call:

3-benzylidene camphor and its derivatives, e.g. 3- (4-methylbenzylidene) camphor;

4-aminobenzoic acid derivatives, preferably 4- (dimethylamino) benzoic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester, 4-

2-octyl (dimethylamino) benzoate and amyl 4- (dimethylamino) benzoate;

Esters of cinnamic acid, preferably 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate, 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate, 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3-phenylcinnamate (octocrylene);

Esters of salicylic acid, preferably 2-ethylhexyl salicylic acid, 4-isopropylbenzyl salicylic acid, omomenthyl salicylic acid;

Derivatives of benzophenone, preferably 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4'-methylbenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone;

Esters of benzalmalonic acid, preferably di-2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxybenzmalonate;

Triazine derivatives, e.g. 2,4,6-trianilino- (p-carbo-2'-ethyl-1'-hexyloxy) -1, 3,5-triazine and octyltriazone.

Propane-1,3-dione, e.g. 1 - (4-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (4'methoxyphenyl) propane-1,3-dione;

Possible water-soluble substances are:

• 2-phenylbenzimidazoi-5-sulfonic acid and its alkali, alkaline earth, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium and glucammonium salts;

• Sulfonic acid derivatives of benzophenones, preferably 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid and its salts;

Sulfonic acid derivatives of 3-benzylidene camphor, e.g. 4- (2-oxo-3-bornylidene methyl) benzenesulfonic acid and 2-methyl-5- (2-oxo-3-bornylidene) sulfonic acid and their salts.

Derivatives of benzoyimethane, such as 1- (4'-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (4'-methoxyphenyl) propane-1, 3-dione or 1-phenyl-3-, are particularly suitable as typical UV-A filters. (4'-isopropylphenyl) propane-1,3-dione. The UV-A and UV-B filters can of course also be used in mixtures. In addition to the soluble substances mentioned, insoluble pigments, namely finely dispersed metal oxides or salts, such as, for example, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, silicates (talc), barium sulfate and zinc stearate are also suitable for this purpose. The particles should have an average diameter of less than 100 nm, preferably between 5 and 50 nm and in particular between 15 and 30 nm. They can have a spherical shape have, however, it is also possible to use those particles which have an ellipsoidal shape or shape which differs in some other way from the spherical shape. In addition to the two aforementioned groups of primary light stabilizers, secondary light stabilizers of the antioxidant type can also be used, which interrupt the photochemical reaction chain which is triggered when UV radiation penetrates the skin. Typical examples are superoxide dismutase, tocopherols (vitamin E) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C).

To improve the flow behavior, hydrotropes, such as, for example, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol or polyols, can also be used. Polyols that come into consideration here preferably have 2 to 15 carbon atoms and at least two hydroxyl groups. Typical examples are

• glycerin;

Alkylene glycols, such as, for example, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol and polyethylene glycols with an average molecular weight of 100 to 1,000 daltons;

Technical oligoglycerol mixtures with a degree of self-condensation of 1.5 to 10, such as technical diglycerol mixtures with a diglycerol content of 40 to 50% by weight;

• Methyl compounds, such as in particular trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol;

• Lower alkyl glucosides, in particular those with 1 to 8 carbons in the alkyl radical, such as methyl and butyl glucoside;

Sugar alcohols with 5 to 12 carbon atoms, such as sorbitol or mannitol,

• Sugar with 5 to 12 carbon atoms, such as glucose or sucrose;

Aminosugars, such as glucamine.

Suitable preservatives are, for example, phenoxyethanol, formaldehyde solution, parabens, pentanediol or sorbic acid. N, N-diethyl-m-touluamide, 1, 2-pentanediol or Insect repellent 3535 are suitable as insect repellents, and dihydroxyacetone is suitable as a self-tanning agent.

Perfume oils include extracts from flowers (lavender, roses, jasmine, neroli), stems and leaves (geranium, patchouli, petitgrain), fruits (anise, coriander, caraway seeds, juniper), fruit peels (bergamot, lemon, oranges), roots (Macis, Angelica, Celery, Cardamom, Costus, Iris, Calmus), woods (sandal, guaiac, cedar, rosewood), herbs and grasses (tarragon, lemon grass, sage, thyme), needles and twigs (spruce , Fir, pine, mountain pine), resins and balsams (galbanum, elemi, benzoin, myrrh, olibanum, opoponax). Animal raw materials such as musk, civet and castoreum are also suitable. Ambroxan, eugenol, isoeugenol, citronellal, hydroxycitronellal, geraniol, citronellol, geranyl acetate, citral, ionone and methylionone are suitable as synthetic or semi-synthetic perfume oils. The dyes which can be used are those substances which are suitable and approved for cosmetic purposes, as compiled, for example, in the publication "Cosmetic Dyes" by the Dye Commission of the German Research Foundation, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1984, pp. 81-106. These dyes are usually used in concentrations of 0.001 to 0.1% by weight, based on the mixture as a whole.

The total proportion of auxiliaries and additives can be 1 to 50, preferably 5 to 40,% by weight, based on the composition. The agents can be produced by customary cold or hot processes; the phase inversion temperature method is preferably used.

Examples

The viscosity of various surfactant solutions was examined using the Brookfield method in an RVT viscometer (20 ° C., spindle 1, 10 rpm). Examples 1 to 7 are according to the invention, examples V1 to V6 are used for comparison. The results are summarized in Table 1.

Table 1

Viscosity of surfactant solutions

¹ > Aku-CMC-LS 736 (Akzo)> Carbopol 1342 (Goodrich) ³ > Kollidon 90 (BASF)

Claims

claims

1. Use of unsaturated betaine surfactants as thickeners for aqueous surfactant solutions.

2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that betaine surfactants of the formula (I) are used,

R ²

I Ri-N- (CH ₂ ) _n COOX (I)

IR ³

in which R ¹ for a hydrocarbon radical having 16 to 22 carbon atoms and 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, R ² for hydrogen or alkyl radicals with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R ³ for alkyl radicals with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, n for numbers from 1 to 6 and X represents an alkali and / or alkaline earth metal or ammonium.

3. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that betaine surfactants of the formula (II) are used,

R ²

IR ⁴ CO-NH- (CH ₂ ) mN- (CH ₂ ) nCOOX (II)

IR ³

in which R CO represents an aliphatic acyro radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, m represents numbers from 1 to 3 and R ² , R ³ , n and X have the meanings given above.

4. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that betaine surfactants of the formula (III) are used,

in which R ^{5 is} a hydrocarbon radical having 15 to 21 carbon atoms and 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, R ^{6 is} a hydroxyl group, an OCOR ⁵ or NHCOR ⁵ radical and m is 2 or 3.

5. Use according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the betaine surfactants are used in amounts of 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the solids content of the aqueous surfactant solutions.

6. Use according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that aqueous solutions of anionic, nonionic, cationic and / or amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants are thickened.

7. Use according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that aqueous solutions of alkyl ether sulfates, monoglyceride (ether) sulfates, alk (en) yl oligoglycosides and / or betaines are thickened.

8. Use according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that thickening aqueous surfactant solutions having a solids content in the range of 5 to 60 wt .-%.