WO1999002916A1 - Procede de regulation pour unite cryogenique - Google Patents

Procede de regulation pour unite cryogenique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999002916A1
WO1999002916A1 PCT/US1998/014392 US9814392W WO9902916A1 WO 1999002916 A1 WO1999002916 A1 WO 1999002916A1 US 9814392 W US9814392 W US 9814392W WO 9902916 A1 WO9902916 A1 WO 9902916A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vapor
blower
evaporation
evaporation coil
cryogenic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1998/014392
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Herman H. Viegas
Bradley G. Ellingson
Mark J. Buenz
Original Assignee
Thermo King Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thermo King Corporation filed Critical Thermo King Corporation
Priority to EP98934433A priority Critical patent/EP0998645A4/fr
Priority to AU83951/98A priority patent/AU8395198A/en
Priority to CA002295562A priority patent/CA2295562A1/fr
Priority to JP2000502361A priority patent/JP2001518596A/ja
Publication of WO1999002916A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999002916A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F17C9/04—Recovery of thermal energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
    • F25D17/04—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection
    • F25D17/06—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection by forced circulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0332—Safety valves or pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0338—Pressure regulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0341—Filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/013—Carbone dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/038—Refrigerants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0439—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0631—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/031—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
    • F17C2260/032—Avoiding freezing or defrosting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0171—Trucks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/05—Applications for industrial use
    • F17C2270/0545—Tools
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to apparatus and methods for temperature controlling a conditioned space and more particularly relates to temperature controlling systems which utilize a cryogen.
  • a relatively new and exciting alternative to mechanical systems utilizing CFC refrigerants is a temperature conditioning system based upon the controlled energy release from a transportable store of cryogenic liquid.
  • this involves the use of a liquified inert gas, such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide, which may be simply and harmlessly exhausted into the atmosphere at ambient temperature and pressure, after the cooling potential in its cryogenic state has been utilized to provide temperature conditioning of the controlled space.
  • cryogenic temperature control system is powered to the greatest extent possible by the release of the pressure stored by the cryogenic liquid with minimal or no additional energy sources.
  • This highly integrated design promotes reliability, low cost of manufacture, and freedom from acoustic and chemical pollution.
  • Control valves for example, are preferably powered by cryogenic energy rather than outside electrical or other energy sources.
  • attempts to provide mechanical power from the cryogenic fluid have greatly enhanced through the use of vapor powered motors.
  • such conversions of cryogenic energy to mechanical energy must be accomplished in the most efficient means possible to prevent premature depletion of the cryogenic liquid energy source.
  • efficiency of cryogenic liquid energy usage is also a matter of system level design.
  • the vapor motor is powered by the vapor retrieved from the low pressure end of the evaporation coils.
  • this is a particularly efficient method for providing ventilation to the evaporation coils during continuous operation, at system start-up there may be substantial delay in the arrival of vapor to the vapor motor thus encouraging clogging of the evaporation coils with dry ice and uneven evaporation.
  • the present invention overcomes the disadvantages found in the prior art by providing a methodology and a system which both increase the degree to which a cryogenic temperature conditioning system performs necessary functions utilizing cryogenic energy and also increase the efficiency at which the cryogenic energy is used.
  • the energy stored within the cryogenic liquid is utilized in performing three system functions in addition to the basic heat absorption/release associated with temperature. The first of these functions is the powering of virtually all valves.
  • a vapor powered ventilation blower motor is prestarted and operated by the cryogenic fluid energy.
  • the third function is a compressed vapor take-off for powering auxiliary tools which may be needed for maintenance of the transport vehicle.
  • cryogenic energy usage is enhanced by providing valve bleeder circuits for recycling excess pressurized vapor through the vapor motor.
  • efficiency is further enhanced through a separate vapor input to the vapor motor directly from the storage tank. This ensures that the vapor motor starts quickly and provides ventilation to the evaporation coils immediately upon system start-up, rather than delaying until vapor is produced at the low pressure end of the evaporation coils. Elimination of this delay ensures even evaporation at system start-up and thus prevents evaporation coil clogging by uneven evaporation of cryogenic liquid.
  • Cryogenic tank subsystem 10 contains an insulated storage vessel 12.
  • storage vessel 12 stores liquid carbon dioxide at a temperature of about -50 degrees , F. Therefore, the overall efficiency of the- system will be in large part governed by the extent to which storage vessel 12 is insulated.
  • storage vessel 12 will contain a first volume of liquid carbon dioxide 14 and a second volume of carbon dioxide vapor 16. Of course, filling storage vessel 12 will increase first volume 14 and decrease second volume 16. Similarly, operation of the system will decrease first volume 14 and increase second volume 16.
  • Storage vessel 12 has two vapor outputs and two liquid outputs.
  • a first vapor output 40 is suitable for powering standard compressed air tools via regulator 38 and standard compressed air tool fitting 40. In this manner, standard compressed air tools may be used to maintain the transport vehicle as required.
  • the vapor output on vapor line 46 is provided as an unregulated output of cryogenic tank subsystem 10. Back pressure regulator 42 bleeds off vapor if the vapor pressure in space 16 exceeds a designed limit. Typically, this excess vapor is discharged to the atmosphere.
  • line 44 feeds this excess vapor to the system downstream from valves 56 and 58.
  • This maintains the system at a slight positive pressure when the refrigeration unit is turned off.
  • the positive pressure keeps out dirt and moisture that can back feed into the system via the open end of muffler 76.
  • Back pressure regulator 90 maintains, the system pressure above the triple point for carbon dioxide to prevent formation of dry ice.
  • Thermodynamic properties of C0 2 are programmed into the system microprocessor (not shown) .
  • Output from pressure sensor 196 and temperature sensor 194 are compared with the programmed data to determine how close the C0 2 fluid is to the dry ice region. This also determines the degree to which the C0 2 vapor is superheated.
  • the microprocessor responds accordingly by directing valve 54 to either open up some more or close some so as to maintain a desirable level of superheat of about 100°F. Although this is the preferred method to determine the superheat condition of the C0 2 vapor
  • the system can perform satisfactorily without the pressure sensor 196.
  • the fluid pressure in coils 62, 64 and line 74 are at substantially the same pressure and this pressure can be determined by looking up the saturated pressure (from the programmed data) for the corresponding saturated temperature valve output of temperature sensor 192. The pressure value thus determined is reasonably close to the actual pressure of the fluid as would be determined by pressure sensor 196.
  • Main liquid output line 30 is directed through shut-off valve 32, excess pressure relief valve 34, and out of cryogenic tank subsystem 10 via liquid line 48.
  • Line 18 is heated through the insulated wall of storage vessel 12 and is used as an internal pressure builder. .
  • Line 18 contains a drain plug 20 for cleaning and maintenance of storage vessel 12.
  • Line 18, via shut-off valve 50, pressure regulator 22, pressure gauge 24, pressure relief valve 28 and shut-off valve 26 is used to maintain pressure within storage vessel 12 at the desired level.
  • the cryogenic liquid supplied by main liquid line 48 is filtered by filter 52 and flows through shut-off valve 54 before being applied to two-way valves 56 and 58 for selection of cooling or heating mode. If heating mode is selected, the cryogenic liquid is supplied by valve 56 to propane heater 60 for super heating as taught in the above referenced and incorporated co-pending applications. If cooling mode is selected, valves 58 and 66 route the cryogenic liquid through evaporation coils 62 and 64 as also described in further detail in the above referenced applications. Also in accordance with the above referenced commonly assigned patent applications, line 74 directs vapor from the low pressure end of evaporation coils 62 and 64 to power vapor motor generator 68 before being released to the atmosphere via muffler 76.
  • carbon dioxide vapor is directed via line 46 and shut-off valve 70 to motor generator 68 via line 72 at system start-up to provide immediate ventilation. This ensures even evaporation and prevents clogging of evaporation coils 62 and 64 at system start-up.
  • line 78 directs vapor leakage from valve 66 to motor generator 68 as shown.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)

Abstract

Appareil et procédés permettant d'améliorer l'efficacité d'un système de conditionnement d'air dans laquelle un liquide cryogénique est utilisé. Un moteur de ventilation à vapeur (68) fonctionne normalement avec la vapeur provenant de l'extrémité basse pression des bobines d'évaporation (62, 64). Néanmoins, de la vapeur d'appoint (72) est fournie lors du démarrage de sorte qu'une ventilation immédiate soit assurée. De plus, la vapeur qui sort des soupapes est renvoyée dans le moteur à vapeur (68) ou est utilisée pour le maintien d'un pression légèrement positive lorsque le système est arrêté.
PCT/US1998/014392 1997-07-11 1998-07-10 Procede de regulation pour unite cryogenique WO1999002916A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98934433A EP0998645A4 (fr) 1997-07-11 1998-07-10 Procede de regulation pour unite cryogenique
AU83951/98A AU8395198A (en) 1997-07-11 1998-07-10 Control method for a cryogenic unit
CA002295562A CA2295562A1 (fr) 1997-07-11 1998-07-10 Procede de regulation pour unite cryogenique
JP2000502361A JP2001518596A (ja) 1997-07-11 1998-07-10 低温装置の制御方法

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US5701397P 1997-07-11 1997-07-11
US60/057,013 1997-07-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999002916A1 true WO1999002916A1 (fr) 1999-01-21

Family

ID=22007957

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1998/014392 WO1999002916A1 (fr) 1997-07-11 1998-07-10 Procede de regulation pour unite cryogenique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0998645A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP2001518596A (fr)
AU (1) AU8395198A (fr)
CA (1) CA2295562A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999002916A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8479526B2 (en) 2006-07-21 2013-07-09 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Refrigerant charging method for refrigeration device having carbon dioxide as refrigerant

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5259198A (en) * 1992-11-27 1993-11-09 Thermo King Corporation Air conditioning and refrigeration systems utilizing a cryogen
US5305825A (en) * 1992-11-27 1994-04-26 Thermo King Corporation Air conditioning and refrigeration apparatus utilizing a cryogen
US5311927A (en) * 1992-11-27 1994-05-17 Thermo King Corporation Air conditioning and refrigeration apparatus utilizing a cryogen
US5320167A (en) * 1992-11-27 1994-06-14 Thermo King Corporation Air conditioning and refrigeration systems utilizing a cryogen and heat pipes

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6076360A (en) * 1998-07-10 2000-06-20 Thermo King Corporation Control method for a cryogenic unit

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5259198A (en) * 1992-11-27 1993-11-09 Thermo King Corporation Air conditioning and refrigeration systems utilizing a cryogen
US5305825A (en) * 1992-11-27 1994-04-26 Thermo King Corporation Air conditioning and refrigeration apparatus utilizing a cryogen
US5311927A (en) * 1992-11-27 1994-05-17 Thermo King Corporation Air conditioning and refrigeration apparatus utilizing a cryogen
US5320167A (en) * 1992-11-27 1994-06-14 Thermo King Corporation Air conditioning and refrigeration systems utilizing a cryogen and heat pipes

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8479526B2 (en) 2006-07-21 2013-07-09 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Refrigerant charging method for refrigeration device having carbon dioxide as refrigerant
US9869498B2 (en) 2006-07-21 2018-01-16 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Refrigerant charging method for refrigeration device having carbon dioxide as refrigerant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2001518596A (ja) 2001-10-16
CA2295562A1 (fr) 1999-01-21
EP0998645A1 (fr) 2000-05-10
AU8395198A (en) 1999-02-08
EP0998645A4 (fr) 2001-01-10

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