WO1999001648A1 - Catalyseur a alveoles et procede d'epuration d'un gaz d'echappement provenant d'un moteur a explosion fonctionnant a l'exces d'air - Google Patents

Catalyseur a alveoles et procede d'epuration d'un gaz d'echappement provenant d'un moteur a explosion fonctionnant a l'exces d'air Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999001648A1
WO1999001648A1 PCT/EP1998/004086 EP9804086W WO9901648A1 WO 1999001648 A1 WO1999001648 A1 WO 1999001648A1 EP 9804086 W EP9804086 W EP 9804086W WO 9901648 A1 WO9901648 A1 WO 9901648A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
catalyst
exhaust gas
combustion engine
internal combustion
flow channels
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1998/004086
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ronald Neufert
Lothar Hofmann
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to EP98940113A priority Critical patent/EP0993545A1/fr
Publication of WO1999001648A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999001648A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
    • B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2260/00—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
    • F01N2260/06—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for improving exhaust evacuation or circulation, or reducing back-pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a honeycomb-shaped catalyst and a method for the catalytic removal of pollutants from an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine operated with excess air, for example a diesel engine or a gasoline engine with mixed engines.
  • pollutants are e.g. Nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, but also dioxins, furans and other organic compounds.
  • the pollutants mentioned can arise to a not inconsiderable extent, which are released into the environment via the exhaust gas and can cause damage there.
  • An internal combustion engine that works with excess air for example a diesel engine or a lean-mix petrol engine, releases such pollutants into the environment when a fuel is burned.
  • a large number of catalysts have been developed in the past in order to reduce the pollutants released into the environment by an internal combustion engine operating with excess air.
  • a so-called DeNOx catalytic converter which uses the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) process to convert the nitrogen oxides into environmentally friendly nitrogen and water using a suitable reducing agent, usually ammonia implements.
  • SCR selective catalytic reduction
  • the specified catalyst is only suitable for use in the exhaust gas of a diesel engine, in which primary engine measures are already taken on the engine side to reduce particle emissions, e.g. in the form of soot particles. Furthermore, the specified catalyst causes an increased exhaust gas back pressure, which leads to a reduction in engine performance and to an increase in fuel consumption.
  • the invention has for its object to remove the pollutants contained therein by means of a versatile, honeycomb-shaped catalyst from the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine operated with excess air. Effective catalytic degradation of the pollutants is also to take place in the exhaust gas of a conventional diesel engine, but clogging of the catalytic converter and exhaust gas back pressure, which would greatly reduce the engine output, should be practically avoided.
  • the object is achieved by a honeycomb
  • Catalyst with a number of parallel flow channels for cleaning an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine working with excess air with a predetermined displacement the ratio of the volume of the catalyst to the displacement of the internal combustion engine between 0.5 and 8.0, the hydraulic diameter of the flow channels between 1 and 4 mm and the percentage of the open frontal area at the inlet of the catalyst is between 45 and 95%.
  • the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine working with excess air and having a predetermined displacement with a temperature between 100 and 700 ° C. is passed through a honeycomb-shaped catalyst with a number of parallel flow channels, the open, frontal area at the inlet of the catalyst being at most 95% and is at least 45%, the flow channels have a hydraulic diameter between 1 and 4 mm and the ratio of the catalyst volume to the cubic capacity of the internal combustion engine is between 0.5 and 8.0.
  • the inflow area is understood to mean the total area of the inflow side of the catalytic converter lying perpendicular to the flow direction of the exhaust gas, and the percentage of the open frontal area means the ratio of the inflow area and the total cross-sectional area of the flow channels in percent.
  • the hydraulic diameter is defined as four times the cross-sectional area of a flow channel divided by its circumference.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that a catalyst of this type, the volume of which is specifically adapted to the displacement of the internal combustion engine, achieves a high pollutant conversion rate with a low exhaust gas back pressure and a low tendency to clog. Because of the low exhaust back pressure does not reduce the engine output of the internal combustion engine and the use of such a catalyst does not result in additional fuel consumption.
  • the honeycomb-shaped catalyst can be designed as an oxidation catalyst with a known composition for the oxidation of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide or of dioxins or furans.
  • the honeycomb-shaped catalyst can also be designed as a reduction catalyst of known composition for removing nitrogen oxides.
  • the ratio of the catalytic converter volume to the cubic capacity of the internal combustion engine is between 0.5 and 8.0.
  • the ratio is preferably between 1.0 and 5.0. If the ratio is less than 0.5, a relatively large amount of exhaust gas must flow through a small volume of the catalytic converter, so that the exhaust gas back pressure on the catalytic converter increases. In addition, the degree of separation for the pollutants contained in the exhaust gas deteriorates. With a ratio of over 8.0, the honeycomb-shaped catalyst becomes too large to be used in particular in the case of non-stationary applications in the passenger car sector.
  • the parallel flow channels have a hydraulic diameter between 1 and 4 mm. With a hydraulic diameter of less than 1 mm, the flow channels tend to clog with soot particles contained in the exhaust gas and thus reduce the catalytic activity of the catalytic converter. With a hydraulic diameter of the flow channels of more than 4 mm, the catalytic conversion of pollutants in the catalytic converter also decreases, since the frequency of contact of the pollutants carried in the exhaust gas decreases with the catalytic converter surface.
  • the honeycomb-shaped catalyst is designed as a DeNOx catalyst, on which, among other things, Nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas can be catalytically converted to nitrogen and water using a reducing agent, for example ammonia, previously introduced into the exhaust gas by the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) method.
  • a reducing agent for example ammonia
  • Substances which release the actual reducing agent only after being introduced into the exhaust gas can of course also be used as the reducing agent.
  • a substance is, for example, urea, from which ammonia is released.
  • a metering device for metering the reducing agent into the exhaust gas stream.
  • the reducing agent can be injected, injected or blown in.
  • an appropriately designed, controllable or controllable nozzle can be provided.
  • the honeycomb-shaped catalytic converter can be connected to conventional internal combustion engines operated with excess air, in particular to diesel engines or to lean-mix petrol engines.
  • the invention has the advantage that no impairment of the engine performance is to be expected due to the low exhaust back pressure. The installation of the honeycomb-shaped catalyst therefore leads to negligible additional fuel consumption by the internal combustion engine, while the additional fuel consumption in systems according to the prior art is still between 5 and 20%.
  • a diesel engine which is connected via an exhaust pipe 2 to a honeycomb-shaped catalytic converter 7, which has a number of flow channels 9, which are aligned parallel to the flow direction 6 of an exhaust gas.
  • the catalyst 7 is designed as a DeNOx catalyst based on Ti0 2 , which comprises one or more of the substances V 2 0 5 , Wo0 3 and Mo0 3 as catalytically active material.
  • a DeNOx catalytic converter reduces the nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas according to the SCR process of selective catalytic reduction with the aid of a reducing agent, for example ammonia, to nitrogen and water.
  • the exhaust gas generated in the diesel engine flows through the exhaust pipe 2 into the catalytic converter 7 at a temperature of 100 to 700 ° C.
  • a metering device 4 is installed in the exhaust pipe 2 in front of the catalytic converter 7.
  • the metering device 4 comprises a reducing agent tank 4A and a controllable nozzle 4B connected to it, through which the reducing agent located in the reducing agent tank is injected into the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust pipe 2.
  • the reducing agent is intimately mixed with the exhaust gas.
  • Urea is used as the reducing agent, which partially converts to ammonia under the conditions prevailing in the exhaust gas.
  • a hydrolysis catalytic converter (not shown in more detail) can be arranged between the metering device 4 and the DeNOx catalytic converter 7.
  • the exhaust pipe 2 opens into the catalytic converter 7, which has an inflow surface 11 on its inlet side.
  • the ratio of the volume of the catalyst 7 to the cubic capacity 3 of the diesel engine is 4.0.
  • the exhaust gas flowing from the diesel engine 1 passes through the inflow surface 11 of the catalyst 7, which is perpendicular to the flow direction 6, the size of which results from the volume ratio.
  • the percentage of the inflow surface 11 through which exhaust gas and reducing agent can flow is 80%.
  • the parallel flow channels 9 through which the exhaust gas and the reducing agent can flow have a hydraulic diameter of 2 mm.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

Pour éliminer les substances nocives dans un gaz d'échappement provenant d'un moteur à explosion (1) fonctionnant à l'excès d'air avec une cylindrée (3) donnée, il est proposé un catalyseur à alvéoles (7) ainsi qu'un procédé consistant à acheminer le gaz d'échappement par une tuyau d'échappement (2) dans le catalyseur (7). En adaptant le volume du catalyseur (7) et le diamètre hydraulique de ses canaux d'écoulement (9) à la cylindrée (3) du moteur à explosion (1), on peut réduire la contre-pression aux gaz d'échappement grâce à un taux élevé de conversion des substances nocives et à une atténuation de la tendance à l'occlusion, sans réduire la puissance du moteur à explosion (1).
PCT/EP1998/004086 1997-07-04 1998-07-02 Catalyseur a alveoles et procede d'epuration d'un gaz d'echappement provenant d'un moteur a explosion fonctionnant a l'exces d'air WO1999001648A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98940113A EP0993545A1 (fr) 1997-07-04 1998-07-02 Catalyseur a alveoles et procede d'epuration d'un gaz d'echappement provenant d'un moteur a explosion fonctionnant a l'exces d'air

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97111323 1997-07-04
EP97111323.8 1997-07-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999001648A1 true WO1999001648A1 (fr) 1999-01-14

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1998/004086 WO1999001648A1 (fr) 1997-07-04 1998-07-02 Catalyseur a alveoles et procede d'epuration d'un gaz d'echappement provenant d'un moteur a explosion fonctionnant a l'exces d'air

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0993545A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999001648A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001018374A1 (fr) * 1999-09-08 2001-03-15 Orbital Engine Company (Australia) Pty Limited Traitement de gaz d'echappement et dispositif
CN100436767C (zh) * 2002-07-15 2008-11-26 大众汽车股份公司 采用直喷式奥托发动机和催化器系统的内燃机设备

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63143941A (ja) * 1986-12-08 1988-06-16 Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Co Ltd 窒素酸化物除去用触媒
EP0277765A1 (fr) * 1987-01-27 1988-08-10 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Procédé pour la séparation des oxydes d'azote de gaz d'échappement d'un moteur diesel
EP0382434A2 (fr) * 1989-02-06 1990-08-16 Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Co. Ltd. Méthode de purification des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur diesel
US5272871A (en) * 1991-05-24 1993-12-28 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Method and apparatus for reducing nitrogen oxides from internal combustion engine

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63143941A (ja) * 1986-12-08 1988-06-16 Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Co Ltd 窒素酸化物除去用触媒
EP0277765A1 (fr) * 1987-01-27 1988-08-10 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Procédé pour la séparation des oxydes d'azote de gaz d'échappement d'un moteur diesel
EP0382434A2 (fr) * 1989-02-06 1990-08-16 Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Co. Ltd. Méthode de purification des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur diesel
US5272871A (en) * 1991-05-24 1993-12-28 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Method and apparatus for reducing nitrogen oxides from internal combustion engine

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 012, no. 405 (C - 539) 26 October 1988 (1988-10-26) *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001018374A1 (fr) * 1999-09-08 2001-03-15 Orbital Engine Company (Australia) Pty Limited Traitement de gaz d'echappement et dispositif
US6941747B1 (en) 1999-09-08 2005-09-13 Orbital Engine Company (Australia) Pty Limited Exhaust gas treatment method and device
CN100436767C (zh) * 2002-07-15 2008-11-26 大众汽车股份公司 采用直喷式奥托发动机和催化器系统的内燃机设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0993545A1 (fr) 2000-04-19

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