EP1917423B1 - Procede et dispositif pour traiter des gaz d'echappement de moteur a combustion interne - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour traiter des gaz d'echappement de moteur a combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1917423B1
EP1917423B1 EP06776792A EP06776792A EP1917423B1 EP 1917423 B1 EP1917423 B1 EP 1917423B1 EP 06776792 A EP06776792 A EP 06776792A EP 06776792 A EP06776792 A EP 06776792A EP 1917423 B1 EP1917423 B1 EP 1917423B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
module
exhaust
exhaust gas
gas
modules
Prior art date
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Expired - Fee Related
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EP06776792A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1917423A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Treiber
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Vitesco Technologies Lohmar Verwaltungs GmbH
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Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH
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Priority to PL06776792T priority Critical patent/PL1917423T3/pl
Publication of EP1917423A1 publication Critical patent/EP1917423A1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/0231—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using special exhaust apparatus upstream of the filter for producing nitrogen dioxide, e.g. for continuous filter regeneration systems [CRT]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/004—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 specially adapted for marine propulsion, i.e. for receiving simultaneously engine exhaust gases and engine cooling water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0222—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being monolithic, e.g. honeycombs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/031—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters having means for by-passing filters, e.g. when clogged or during cold engine start
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
    • F01N2410/02—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device in case of high temperature, e.g. overheating of catalytic reactor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
    • F01N2410/10—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device for reducing flow resistance, e.g. to obtain more engine power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
    • F01N2410/14—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device in case of excessive pressure, e.g. using a safety valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
    • F01N2590/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for marine vessels or naval applications

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a method and a device for the treatment of an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine.
  • a particularly preferred field of application of the present invention is an application for the treatment of an exhaust gas of large-volume internal combustion engines, in particular diesel engines, especially in locomotives and watercraft.
  • the EP 0 892 622 A1 discloses a method and apparatus for controlling the regeneration of a particulate filter.
  • the particle filter has at least two zones, which are arranged side by side in the cross section of the particle filter.
  • valve flaps are present, which are each assigned to at least one filter zone and by which the distribution of the exhaust gas flow to the filter zones can be modulated.
  • a method and apparatus for filtering an exhaust gas are disclosed.
  • the apparatus includes at least two exhaust purification assemblies, each including a catalyst carrier, a filter cartridge, and a valve. As soon as the exhaust gas temperature drops below a threshold value, at least part of the exhaust gas purification arrangement is closed in order to maintain an elevated temperature and to enable regeneration.
  • An explicit suitability of this method and apparatus for large-volume internal combustion engines is in the WO 03/102389 A2 not mentioned.
  • the FR 2 209 400 A describes an exhaust gas purification system with a catalytic converter and a thermal reactor for an internal combustion engine with a manifold.
  • a valve is provided in the exhaust gas purification system with which the manifold of the internal combustion engine and the catalytic converter can be connected or disconnected depending on an operating parameter of the internal combustion engine.
  • the FR 2 209 400 A does not indicate that the emission control system described there is suitable for large-volume internal combustion engines.
  • a method and a device for filtering particles from the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine are known.
  • the channels are regenerated by regularly passing exhaust gas through the channels at high speed so that deposited particulates are removed from the exhaust gas.
  • To control the regular regeneration several valves are provided which can close or release access to the particulate filter modules.
  • the US 6,233,926 B1 also does not indicate that the device described there and the method described there are suitable for large-volume internal combustion engines.
  • a device for purifying exhaust gas which has two particulate filters which are arranged in two independent exhaust pipes, which are each connected to a common input and a common output. Through a flap-like valve, a flow can be directed either through the first particle filter or through the second particle filter.
  • the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines contain undesirable substances whose exhaust gas content in many countries must fall below legally prescribed limits. This is also the concentration of particles in the exhaust gas, which in many countries may not exceed certain values. Especially in large-volume internal combustion engines, however, the observance of limit values is sometimes difficult, especially under idling conditions.
  • an apparatus for treating an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine comprising an exhaust pipe, which is connectable to the internal combustion engine and at least two modules for exhaust gas treatment, which are connectable to the exhaust pipe, wherein at least one at least one module associated connecting means is formed with in that this module can be connected to the exhaust pipe such that at least part of the exhaust gas can flow through this module.
  • Each module in particular comprises a honeycomb body, which preferably comprises a corresponding catalytically active coating and / or is suitable for particle filtration.
  • a connection means is understood in particular to mean a component by means of which a connection through which the fluid can flow through to the module can be manufactured or separated.
  • the connecting means is a correspondingly designed flap, which in the closed state can close a flow-through opening to the module and release it in the opened state.
  • the different connection means can be formed so that only a portion of the exhaust gas through the associated module or the entire exhaust gas can flow through the associated module. Especially with the latter possibility, different connecting means can cooperate.
  • the connecting means are designed so that each module can be flowed through alone.
  • the device according to the invention can be operated so that in particular during idling operation, the individual modules are uniformly flowed through by exhaust gas and used evenly.
  • the modules comprise particle filters
  • a substantially uniform loading of the particle filters in the modules can thus be achieved. This leads to a substantially uniform pressure loss over the respective modules.
  • each module causes at least a reduction in the particle concentration of the exhaust gas flow flowing through the module.
  • each module comprises at least one particle filter, which is particularly preferably open.
  • an open particle filter is based on the above statements, and on the WO 02/00326 A2 whose disclosure content with respect to the formation of the particulate filter is included in this invention.
  • the connecting means of the device according to the invention comprises at least one flap.
  • a flap provides a connection means which is easy to produce and which is capable of effectively establishing or stopping a connection to a module. Furthermore, flaps are easy to control and have proved in use in the exhaust system as stable and durable.
  • the connecting means is designed so that, when the associated module can be traversed by the exhaust gas, it excludes at least one further module from the exhaust gas flow.
  • the inventive method for processing an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine wherein at least two modules are designed for exhaust gas treatment, based on the fact that an exhaust gas flow is at least partially deflected in response to a load condition of the internal combustion engine, that one or more modules are flowed through by at least parts of the exhaust gas.
  • the inventive method is carried out with the device according to the invention described above.
  • an exhaust gas treatment is understood in particular the reduction of the concentration of at least one component of the exhaust gas.
  • an exhaust gas treatment here also means a reduction of the particle fraction of the exhaust gas.
  • the load state of the internal combustion engine has a particular effect on the following variables of the exhaust gas: temperature, exhaust gas mass flow, pollutant concentration and / or average exhaust gas velocity.
  • temperature e.g., temperature, exhaust gas mass flow, pollutant concentration and / or average exhaust gas velocity.
  • all modules may be designed as idle module, which is adapted to the exhaust gas situation at idle and thus suitable for the treatment of the exhaust gas under idling conditions.
  • the exhaust gas flow can be deflected so that at least two modules are applied substantially uniformly with a summary exhaust gas flow.
  • a summative exhaust gas flow is understood to mean a summed and / or integrated exhaust gas flow, in particular an exhaust gas mass flow or volume flow, over the time that the corresponding module is flowed through. This leads to a substantially uniform flow through the modules.
  • each module comprises at least one particle filter for reducing the content of particles in the exhaust gas, a uniform loading and optionally a uniformly changing pressure loss is achieved in an advantageous manner.
  • a first module may be designed so that it is adapted alone or with another module to the exhaust gas situation in the partial load point, while a second module may be designed so that it in cooperation with another module and the first module to the exhaust gas situation at full load is adjusted.
  • a modular design and a corresponding deflection of the exhaust gas can each come to an optimal implementation of the exhaust gas in the various load points.
  • a module regularly comprises at least one honeycomb body, which comprises cavities through which an exhaust gas can flow, for example channels.
  • a honeycomb body may in particular comprise a ceramic and / or a metallic honeycomb body.
  • a ceramic honeycomb body can be produced as extruded monolith, while a metallic honeycomb body can comprise at least one at least partially structured layer, which in particular is deformed in such a way that cavities through which an exhaust gas can flow are formed. This deformation is understood in particular to mean winding or twisting of at least one stack of at least one metallic layer. In this case, it is also possible to use substantially smooth layers which, together with the structures of the at least partially structured layer, form the cavities.
  • the honeycomb body can also comprise walls which are partially throughflowable for a fluid.
  • the honeycomb body may form or include a particulate filter.
  • the method according to the invention can lead to an increase in the Reynolds number, in which, as it were, the total available through-flow area of the modules for exhaust-gas treatment is reduced and thus the flow velocity and Reynolds number are increased.
  • a corresponding exhaust system it is possible for a corresponding exhaust system to comprise four modules for reducing the particle concentration in the exhaust gas.
  • the system is operated by appropriate control of the connecting means so that only one of four possible modules is flowed through by the exhaust gas.
  • this also reduces the maximum available reaction relationship or filter surface, but this leads in a particularly advantageous manner to an increase in the flow velocity and thus to an increase in the Reynolds number of the flow.
  • the lower reaction and / or filter surface is not disadvantageous, since at idle conditions, in particular the particle content is so low that the corresponding filter or reaction surface of the module is sufficient for sufficient implementation or filtering.
  • a treatment of the exhaust gas can be done in an effective manner. This is advantageous, since there are longer no-load or low-load phases, especially in large-volume internal combustion engines, for example in shunting locomotives when waiting for the next maneuvering operation or in ship engines, which are used, for example, only for power supply in the harbor.
  • a particle filter may be formed.
  • a corresponding oxidation catalyst may be formed on a honeycomb body, which in particular leads to an oxidation of nitrogen monoxide (NO) to nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), which contains as an oxidizing agent of the particles contained in the particles Carbon serves.
  • NO nitrogen monoxide
  • NO 2 nitrogen dioxide
  • Such a particle filter is referred to as a continuous regenerating particulate filter (CRT).
  • the reduction of the particle concentration takes place in an open particle filter.
  • An open particle filter is understood as meaning a particle filter in which the exhaust gas flowing through the particle filter does not have to flow through a wall of the particle filter.
  • a closed particulate filter in which a plurality of channels is formed, one part of which is open on the input side and closed on the output side, while another part is closed on the input side and the output side is open.
  • the exhaust gas flow is forced to flow through the porous wall of the particulate filter in order to pass from an input side open to an output side open channel.
  • Open filters are also understood as bypass filters in which there is no filtering of the main flow, for example by a diesel particulate filter with alternately closed channels, but only a side stream.
  • An open particle filter thus can not clog in the true sense. Although theoretically there is the possibility that the porous walls serving as filter surfaces are so laden with particles that filtering of particles no longer takes place, in this case the unfiltered exhaust gases can flow unhindered through the particle filter while a closed filter in which the filter surfaces are added , forms a very high back pressure which ultimately leads to the fact that no exhaust gas can flow through the particulate filter.
  • An open particle filter can also be understood as a barrier-free particle filter.
  • the essentially smooth layer can here be constructed, at least in some areas, of a fluid that can be flowed through and, in particular, porous, while the at least partially corrugated layer is constructed, for example, of thin sheet metal or a thin sheet metal or a thin metal foil.
  • the corrugated layer may preferably have guide structures which bring about a deflection of the exhaust gas towards the filter areas.
  • the inventive method is advantageous because it is ensured even at low idle speeds especially large-volume internal combustion engines, that the flow in the modules such a large Reynolds number when flowing through the particulate filter or that Nevertheless, an effective separation of the particles or implementation of the component takes place.
  • a regeneration of a particulate filter comprises, in particular, an oxidation of the particles stored in the particulate filter. This can be done on the one hand by providing an oxidizing agent such as nitrogen dioxide, but alternatively or additionally, for example, additional home measures is possible to increase the temperature of the particulate filter above a threshold temperature from which oxidation of the particles preferably proceeds. If the exhaust gas now has a certain temperature which can lead to increased regeneration taking place when a module flows through, it can be said here that the exhaust gas can be regenerated according to 4.1).
  • a reactivity requirement 4.2) of a module indicates that the stored particle quantity has exceeded a limit above which regeneration of the module is advantageous. This can also be manifested in particular in the case of a particle filter in an increase in the pressure loss via this particle filter.
  • the exhaust gas flow in a no-load load state, is deflected such that on average substantially all modules flow through an essentially identical summary exhaust gas flow.
  • a total exhaust gas flow here means the sum and / or the temporal integral of the exhaust gas flow, preferably the exhaust gas mass flow or the exhaust gas volumetric flow, over the throughflow time during which the respective module is flowed through.
  • the summary exhaust gas flow thus preferably represents a mass when the exhaust gas mass flow is considered, or a volume when the exhaust gas volumetric flow is considered.
  • flow-through times of up to 5 minutes, up to 10 minutes or even one hour or more are possible and according to the invention.
  • preference is given here to a process control in which the flow velocity in a module, preferably in a channel of a honeycomb body which is at least part of a module, is in the region of 10 meters per second and 25 meters per second.
  • the dependence on the exhaust gas mass flow is advantageous, since otherwise, for example, only a flow-through module at higher load conditions, especially at full load, the flow of only one module for the effectiveness of the exhaust gas treatment can be disadvantageous.
  • Each of the modules comprises an open particulate filter, it is advantageous if the exhaust gas flows through all modules up to the full load state of the internal combustion engine. In particular, a regeneration of the corresponding particle filter can also take place during the full load condition.
  • a rail vehicle preferably a railcar, more preferably a locomotive is proposed which comprises a device according to the invention or in which a method according to the invention runs.
  • a watercraft which comprises a device according to the invention or in which a method according to the invention runs.
  • the inventive method and the device according to the invention can be implemented in a particularly advantageous manner in exhaust systems of diesel engines.
  • the rail vehicle and the watercraft preferably also have a diesel engine.
  • the advantages and details disclosed for the method according to the invention are transferable and applicable in the same way to the device according to the invention.
  • the device according to the invention is particularly suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a first embodiment of an inventive device 1 for the treatment of an exhaust gas 6.
  • This includes an exhaust pipe 2, a first module 3 and a second module 4 for the exhaust gas treatment. Furthermore, an idle module 5 is formed.
  • the internal combustion engine not shown, emits an exhaust gas 6, which flows through the exhaust pipe 2 in a flow direction 7.
  • the first module 3 for the exhaust gas treatment is associated with a first connecting means 8.
  • This connecting means 8 comprises in the present first embodiment, a pivotable flap, by means of which the module 3 with the exhaust pipe 2 is connectable so that at least a portion of the exhaust gas 6 can flow through this module 2.
  • a second connecting means 9 is formed, which is assigned to the second module 4 for the exhaust gas treatment.
  • connection means is assigned to the idling module 5, since the idling module 5 is also traversed by the exhaust gas 6 when the first 8 and the second connection means 9 are in a first position which prevents a flow through the first 3 and second module 4.
  • the internal combustion engine is at a very large proportion of the idling time, so that adaptation to idling conditions makes sense.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a section of such an open particle filter.
  • Such an open particulate filter is formed, for example, from corrugated metallic layers 10 and substantially smooth layers 11.
  • the substantially smooth layer 11 is formed from a fluid which can be at least partially flowed through by a fluid, for example a sintered porous material or a porous fiber material.
  • the corrugated metallic layer openings 12, the guide vanes 13 form.
  • the substantially smooth layers 11 and the corrugated metallic layers 10 thereby form channels 14 through which the exhaust gas 6 can flow.
  • the exhaust gas 6 follows the indicated flow lines. Through the openings 12 and vanes 13, the exhaust gas 6 is passed through the substantially smooth layer 11.
  • the particles 15 which are contained in the exhaust gas 6, accumulate in the substantially smooth layer 11.
  • a module 3, 4, 5 may comprise at least one honeycomb body 16, as in a cross section schematically in Fig. 3 is shown.
  • the honeycomb body 16 is here formed of corrugated metallic layers 10 and substantially smooth layers 11. These were stacked into three stacks and then wound up to make channels 14.
  • honeycomb bodies 16 may be formed which carry a catalytically active coating and / or which are formed only from metal foils.
  • this catalytically active coating may comprise washcoat which comprises catalytically active particles.
  • a module 3, 4, 5 to comprise an oxidation catalyst whose catalytically active centers at least catalyze the oxidation of nitrogen monoxide to nitrogen dioxide and, downstream of this oxidation catalyst, comprise a corresponding open particle filter.
  • the nitrogen dioxide thus formed can advantageously serve for the regeneration of the particle filter, ie for the oxidation of the particles 15.
  • Both the essentially smooth 11, and the corrugated layers 10 may be formed of thin metal foils.
  • the formation of guide vanes 13 and openings can be dispensed with, in particular when the honeycomb body 16 is not used as a particle filter, but exclusively as a carrier of a catalytically active coating.
  • Fig. 4 schematically shows a second embodiment of an inventive device 1 for the exhaust gas treatment.
  • This device 1 comprises an exhaust pipe 2, a first 3, second 4, third 17 and fourth module 33 for the exhaust gas treatment.
  • An idle module is not formed here.
  • a first 8, second 9 and third connecting means 18 are formed, which are associated with the respective modules 3, 4, 17.
  • the number of connecting means 8, 9, 17 is therefore one less than the number of modules 3, 4, 17, 22.
  • the connecting means 8, 9, 17 are designed so that each module 3, 4, 17, 22 alone can be flowed through.
  • the exhaust gas emitted by an internal combustion engine 19 can thus be deflected in an advantageous manner depending on a load condition of the internal combustion engine 19 by means of the connecting means 8, 9, 18 so that one or more modules 3, 4, 17, 22 for the exhaust gas treatment of at least parts of the Exhaust gases are flowed through.
  • Fig. 5 schematically shows a further longitudinal section of the second embodiment of a device 1 according to the invention for the treatment of an exhaust gas an internal combustion engine 19.
  • Each of the modules 3, 4, 17, 22 in this case comprises a plurality of honeycomb body 16.
  • Each of the honeycomb body 16 may comprise different zones.
  • Each of the honeycomb bodies 16 of the fourth module 22 comprises an oxidation catalytic converter zone 20 and a particle filter zone 21. These zones 20, 21 are arranged such that the exhaust gas first flows through the oxidation catalytic converter zone 20 and then through the particle filter zone 21.
  • the device for treating an exhaust gas can be operated such that the deflection of the exhaust gas taking place through the connecting means 8, 9, 18 takes place as a function of the regeneration capability of the exhaust gas 6 and a need for regeneration of a module 5, 3, 4, 17, 22.
  • the exhaust gas fulfills certain parameters required for the regeneration of the particle filter zones 21, for example exceeds a certain limit temperature, this exhaust gas is directed to a module 3, 4, 17, 22 in need of regeneration.
  • the connecting means 8, 9, 18, which are designed so that in addition to connecting the respective modules 5, 3, 4, 17, 22 and a flow through other modules can be prevented.
  • Oxidation catalyst zone 20 and particle filter zone 21 can also be formed as individual honeycomb bodies 16, which can be flowed through in succession.
  • Fig. 6 schematically shows a section of a device according to the invention 1.
  • a first module for the exhaust gas treatment 3 associated Connecting means 8 a first position, whereby the exhaust gas 6 of the internal combustion engine 19 does not flow through the first module 3 but flows past it.
  • Fig. 7 schematically shows the same section of a device according to the invention, in which the connecting means 8 has assumed a second position. Depending on whether further modules are formed upstream of the first module 3, either the entire exhaust gas 6 of the internal combustion engine flows through the first module 3 or only a proportion of the exhaust gas 6. The proportion depends on the pressure losses in the flow-through parts of the exhaust system.
  • Fig. 8 schematically shows the connecting means 8 in a third position.
  • the access to the first module 3 is opened, so that a part of the exhaust gas 6 can flow through the module 3.
  • a further part of the exhaust gas 6 can continue to flow through the exhaust pipe 2.
  • the distribution of the partial flows which flow through the exhaust pipe 2 and the module 3 is dependent on the pressure loss in the respective partial areas 2, 3 to be flowed through.
  • each module is individually flowed through by exhaust gas.
  • the inventive method and the device 1 according to the invention also make it possible to design the exhaust systems of large-volume internal combustion engines 19 in an advantageous manner so that even at idle and basically at very low exhaust gas mass flows a reaction and Treatment of the exhaust gas 6 in individual modules 5, 3, 4, 17, 22 takes place.
  • the individual modules can be adapted to different load points of the internal combustion engine 19.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de traiter des gaz d'échappement (6) de moteur à combustion interne (19), selon lequel au moins deux modules (3, 4, 5, 17) sont mis au point pour traiter les gaz d'échappement. L'invention vise à ce qu'un flux de gaz d'échappement puisse être dévié, au moins en partie en fonction d'un état de charge du moteur à combustion interne (19), de sorte qu'un ou plusieurs modules (3, 4, 5 17) soient parcourus au moins par des parties des gaz d'échappement (6). Le procédé selon l'invention et le dispositif (1) selon l'invention permet de concevoir et d'exploiter de manière avantageuse également des systèmes de gaz d'échappement de moteurs à combustion interne (19) à grand volume, de sorte à permettre une conversion et un traitement des gaz d'échappement (6) dans des modules individuels (5, 3, 4, 17), également en marche à vide et principalement dans le cas de débits massiques de gaz d'échappement très réduits. Les modules individuels (3, 4, 5, 17) peuvent être adaptés à différents points de charge du moteur à combustion interne (19).

Claims (13)

  1. Dispositif (1) destiné au traitement d'un gaz d'échappement (6) d'une machine à combustion interne (19) comprenant une conduite de gaz d'échappement (2), qui peut être connectée avec la machine à combustion interne (19) et au moins deux modules (3, 4, 5, 17, 22) pour le traitement du gaz d'échappement qui peuvent être connectés avec la conduite de gaz d'échappement (2), au moins un moyen de connexion (8, 9, 18) étant réalisé qui est associé à au moins un module (3, 4, 5, 17), moyen de connexion avec lequel ce module (3, 4, 5, 17, 22) est connectable de manière telle avec la conduite de gaz d'échappement (2), qu'au moins une partie du gaz d'échappement (6) peut s'écouler à travers ce module (3, 4, 5, 17, 22), dans quel cas on comprend sous moyen de connexion une pièce de construction, au moyen de laquelle on peut établir une connexion avec le module, pouvant être traversée par un fluide ou la défaire, et les moyens de connexion (8, 9, 18) étant respectivement associés à un module (3, 4, 5, 17, 22), caractérisé en ce que le nombre des moyens de connexion (8, 9, 18) est plus petit avec un que le nombre des modules (3, 4, 5, 17, 22) et en ce que les moyens de connexion (8, 9, 18) sont formés de façon telle qu'outre une connexion des modules respectifs (3, 4, 5, 17, 22) une traversée d'autres modules (3, 4, 5, 17, 22) peut aussi être empêchée, le moyen de connexion (8, 9, 18) comprenant au moins un clapet, qui a trois positions possibles :
    - une première position, dans laquelle la connexion avec le module (3, 4, 5, 17, 22) est fermée,
    - une deuxième position, dans laquelle la connexion avec le module (3, 4, 5, 17, 22) est ouverte et la conduite de gaz d'échappement (2) est fermée, de sorte que tout le gaz d'échappement se trouvant à la connexion vers le module (3, 4, 5, 17, 22) s'écoule à travers ce module (3, 4, 5, 17, 22) et
    - une troisième position, dans laquelle non seulement le module (3, 4, 5, 17, 22), mais aussi la conduite de gaz d'échappement (2) peuvent être traversés librement.
  2. Dispositif (1) selon la revendication (1), dans le cas duquel les moyens de connexion (8, 9, 18) sont formés de manière telle que chaque module (3, 4, 5, 17, 22) est traversable tout seul.
  3. Dispositif (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, dans le cas duquel chaque module (3, 4, 5, 17, 22) produit au moins une diminution de la concentration des particules du flux de gaz d'échappement qui s'écoule à travers le module (3, 4, 5, 17, 22).
  4. Dispositif (1) selon la revendication 3, dans le cas duquel chaque module (3, 4, 5, 17, 22) comprend au moins un filtre à particules.
  5. Dispositif (1) selon la revendication 4, dans le cas duquel le filtre à particules est ouvert.
  6. Véhicule ferroviaire, comprenant un dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5.
  7. Vaisseau, comprenant un dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5.
  8. Procédé, destiné au traitement d'un gaz d'échappement (6) d'une machine à combustion interne (19), effectué avec un dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, au moins deux modules (3, 4, 5, 17, 22) étant réalisés pour le traitement des gaz d'échappement et dans quel cas un flux de gaz d'échappement peut être dévié de telle façon au moins partiellement en fonction d'un état de charge de la machine à combustion interne (19), qu'un module (3, 4, 5, 17, 22) ou une pluralité de modules sont traversés au moins par des parties du gaz d'échappement.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, dans le cas duquel au moins une réduction de la concentration des particules du gaz d'échappement (6) traversant le module, est effectuée dans chaque module (3, 4, 5, 17, 22).
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, dans le cas duquel la réduction de la concentration des particules est effectuée dans un filtre à particules ouvert.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, dans le cas duquel une déviation du gaz d'échappement (6) est effectuée en fonction d'au moins un des paramètres suivants :
    4.1) d'une capacité de régénération du gaz d'échappement pour un module (3, 4, 5, 17, 22) et
    4.2) d'une nécessité de régénération d'un module (3, 4, 5, 17, 22).
  12. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 8 à 11, dans le cas duquel dans un état de charge de marche à vide le flux de gaz d'échappement est dévié de manière telle qu'en moyenne sensiblement tous les modules (3, 4, 5, 17, 22) sont traversés par un flux de gaz d'échappement sensiblement identique sommairement.
  13. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 8 à 12, dans le cas duquel le nombre des modules (3, 4, 5, 17, 22) traversés augmente de manière monotone avec au moins un des paramètres suivants :
    6.1) température des gaz d'échappement et
    6.2) flux massique des gaz d'échappement.
EP06776792A 2005-08-15 2006-08-11 Procede et dispositif pour traiter des gaz d'echappement de moteur a combustion interne Expired - Fee Related EP1917423B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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PL06776792T PL1917423T3 (pl) 2005-08-15 2006-08-11 Sposób i urządzenie do przetwarzania spalin z silnika spalinowego

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102005038707A DE102005038707A1 (de) 2005-08-15 2005-08-15 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Aufbereitung eines Abgases einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine
PCT/EP2006/007975 WO2007020025A1 (fr) 2005-08-15 2006-08-11 Procede et dispositif pour traiter des gaz d'echappement de moteur a combustion interne

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EP1917423A1 EP1917423A1 (fr) 2008-05-07
EP1917423B1 true EP1917423B1 (fr) 2010-12-08

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US (1) US8015806B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1917423B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4971328B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100966782B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101278109B (fr)
DE (2) DE102005038707A1 (fr)
PL (1) PL1917423T3 (fr)
RU (1) RU2418176C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007020025A1 (fr)

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US8359839B2 (en) * 2009-09-29 2013-01-29 Ford Global Technologies, Llc System and method for regenerating a particulate filter for a direct injection engine
DE102010038153B3 (de) 2010-10-13 2012-03-08 Ford Global Technologies, Llc. Partikelsensor, Abgassystem und Verfahren zum Schutz von Komponenten eines turbogeladenen Motors mit Abgasrückführung
CN102116187A (zh) * 2011-03-22 2011-07-06 杭州银轮科技有限公司 一种用于柴油机尾气处理的催化转化器
DE102013222684A1 (de) * 2013-11-07 2015-05-07 Hug Engineering Ag Verfahren zum Erhitzen eines Reinigungs-Strömungskörpers und Reinigungsvorrichtung
US9387438B2 (en) 2014-02-14 2016-07-12 Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. Modular system for reduction of sulphur oxides in exhaust
DE102014007858A1 (de) * 2014-05-24 2015-11-26 Man Diesel & Turbo Se Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR100966782B1 (ko) 2010-06-29
US8015806B2 (en) 2011-09-13
WO2007020025A1 (fr) 2007-02-22
RU2418176C2 (ru) 2011-05-10
US20080196400A1 (en) 2008-08-21
CN101278109A (zh) 2008-10-01
JP2009504982A (ja) 2009-02-05
JP4971328B2 (ja) 2012-07-11
DE102005038707A1 (de) 2007-03-08
CN101278109B (zh) 2012-02-29
EP1917423A1 (fr) 2008-05-07
KR20080042132A (ko) 2008-05-14
DE502006008477D1 (de) 2011-01-20
PL1917423T3 (pl) 2011-05-31
RU2008109648A (ru) 2009-09-27

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