WO1999001647A1 - Catalyseur a alveoles et procede d'epuration d'un gaz d'echappement provenant d'un moteur a explosion fonctionnant a l'exces d'air - Google Patents

Catalyseur a alveoles et procede d'epuration d'un gaz d'echappement provenant d'un moteur a explosion fonctionnant a l'exces d'air Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999001647A1
WO1999001647A1 PCT/EP1998/004085 EP9804085W WO9901647A1 WO 1999001647 A1 WO1999001647 A1 WO 1999001647A1 EP 9804085 W EP9804085 W EP 9804085W WO 9901647 A1 WO9901647 A1 WO 9901647A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
catalyst
exhaust gas
combustion engine
internal combustion
flow channels
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1998/004085
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ronald Neufert
Wieland Mathes
Klaus Wenzlawski
Dietmar Weisensel
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to EP98936407A priority Critical patent/EP0993544A1/fr
Publication of WO1999001647A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999001647A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2260/00—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
    • F01N2260/06—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for improving exhaust evacuation or circulation, or reducing back-pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/08—Adding substances to exhaust gases with prior mixing of the substances with a gas, e.g. air
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a honeycomb-shaped catalyst and a method for the catalytic removal of pollutants from an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine operated with excess air, for example a diesel engine or a gasoline engine with mixed engines.
  • pollutants are e.g. Nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, but also dioxins, furans and other organic compounds.
  • the pollutants mentioned can arise to a not inconsiderable extent. They are released into the environment via the exhaust gas and can cause damage there.
  • An internal combustion engine that works with excess air for example a diesel engine or a lean-mix petrol engine, releases such pollutants into the environment when its fuel is burned.
  • DeNOx catalyst which uses the method of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) to reduce the nitrogen oxides with a suitable reducing agent, usually ammonia, to environmentally friendly nitrogen and to water implements.
  • SCR selective catalytic reduction
  • EP 0 382 434 B1 describes a cleaning process for reducing so-called SOF contained in the exhaust gas of a diesel engine, ie organic components soluble in organic solvents.
  • the exhaust gas from the diesel engine is passed through a honeycomb-like catalyst which has cells parallel to the flow direction of the exhaust gas.
  • the individual, continuous cells have a hydraulic diameter of 1.00 to 2.00 mm, the cross section of the inflow area of the catalyst being 10 to 100 cm 2 per liter of cubic capacity of the diesel engine.
  • the percentage of the open area of the inflow area through which the exhaust gas can flow is 40 to 95%.
  • the specified catalytic converter is only suitable for use in the exhaust gas of a diesel engine, in which primary measures for reducing the particle emissions, e.g. in the form of soot particles.
  • the specified catalyst causes a relatively high exhaust gas back pressure, which leads to a reduction in engine performance and to increased fuel consumption.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a versatile, honeycomb-shaped catalyst and a method for removing the pollutants from the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine operated with excess air. Effective catalytic degradation of the pollutants should also take place in the exhaust gas of a conventional diesel engine with a low tendency to clog the catalytic converter, whereby an increased exhaust gas back pressure, which would greatly reduce the engine output, should be practically avoided.
  • the object relating to the catalyst is achieved according to the invention by a honeycomb-shaped catalyst with a number of parallel flow channels for cleaning the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine working with excess air with a predetermined displacement, the inflow area on the inlet side ' - of the catalyst being between 100 and 500 cm 2 per liter of displacement Combustion engine is, and wherein the flow channels have a hydraulic diameter between 2 and 4 mm and the percentage of the open frontal area at the inlet of the catalyst is between 45 and 95%.
  • the object of the method is achieved by a method for purifying the exhaust gas from an excess air internal combustion engine with a predetermined displacement, comprising passing the exhaust gas through a honeycomb-shaped catalyst with a number of parallel flow channels, the percentage of the open, frontal area at the inlet of the catalyst is at most 95%, the exhaust gas according to the invention being passed through the catalyst at a temperature between 100 and 700 ° C., the inflow area on the inlet side of the catalyst being between 100 and 500 cm 2 per liter of displacement of the internal combustion engine, and wherein the hydraulic diameter of the flow channels between 2 and 4 mm and the percentage of the open frontal area is at least 45%.
  • the “inflow area” is understood to mean the total area of the inflow side of the catalytic converter lying perpendicular to the flow direction of the exhaust gas and the “percentage of the open frontal area” is the ratio of the inflow area and the total cross-sectional area of the flow channels in percent.
  • the "hydraulic diameter” is defined as four times the cross-sectional area of a flow channel divided by its circumference. The invention is based on the consideration that such a catalytic converter, the flow area of which is specifically adapted to the displacement of the internal combustion engine, results in a high
  • the honeycomb-shaped catalyst can be designed as an oxidation catalyst with a known composition for the oxidation of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide or of dioxins or furans.
  • the honeycomb-shaped catalyst can also be designed as a reduction catalyst of known composition for removing nitrogen oxides.
  • the inflow area is between 100 and 500 cm 2 per liter of displacement of the internal combustion engine.
  • the inflow area is preferably 100-300 cm 2 per liter of cubic capacity.
  • the cross-sectional area through which the exhaust gas flows is so small on the inlet side of the catalytic converter that an exhaust gas counterpressure arises at the catalytic converter, which reduces the performance of the internal combustion engine.
  • the small cross-sectional area on the inlet side of the catalyst also leads to an increase in the tendency to clog. If the inflow area per liter of cubic capacity is more than 500 cm 2 , the honeycomb-shaped catalyst becomes too large to be used in particular in non-stationary applications, in particular in the motor vehicle sector. Is the percentage of the open, frontal area of the
  • the percentage of the open, frontal area of the inlet side of the catalyst is advantageously chosen between 60 and 85%.
  • the parallel flow channels have a hydraulic diameter between 2 and 4 mm.
  • the hydraulic diameter is preferably 2 to 3 mm.
  • the flow channels tend to clog with soot particles contained in the exhaust gas and thus reduce the catalytic activity of the catalyst. If the flow channels have a hydraulic diameter of more than 4 mm, the catalytic conversion of pollutants in the catalytic converter also decreases, since the frequency of contact of the pollutants carried in the exhaust gas decreases with the catalytic converter surface.
  • the honeycomb-shaped catalyst is designed as a DeNOx catalyst on which, among other things, Nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas can be catalytically converted to nitrogen and water using a reducing agent, for example ammonia, previously introduced into the exhaust gas by the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) method.
  • a reducing agent for example ammonia
  • Substances which release the actual reducing agent only after being introduced into the exhaust gas can of course also be used as the reducing agent.
  • Egg- Such a substance is, for example, urea, from which ammonia is released.
  • a metering device for metering the reducing agent into the exhaust gas stream.
  • the reducing agent can be injected, injected or blown in.
  • an appropriately designed, controllable or regulatable nozzle can be provided.
  • the honeycomb-shaped catalyst can be connected to conventional internal combustion engines operated with excess air, in particular to diesel engines or to lean-mix petrol engines.
  • the use of the catalyst according to the invention has the advantage that no impairment of the engine performance is to be expected due to the low exhaust gas back pressure.
  • the installation of the honeycomb-shaped catalyst therefore leads to negligible additional fuel consumption by the internal combustion engine, while the additional fuel consumption in systems according to the prior art is between 5 and 20%.
  • a diesel engine which is connected via an exhaust pipe 2 to a honeycomb-shaped catalytic converter 7, which has a number of flow channels 9, which are aligned parallel to the flow direction 6 of the exhaust gas.
  • the catalyst 7 is designed as a DeNOx catalyst based on Ti0 2 , which is a catalytically active material or more of the substances V 2 0 5 , W0O3 and M0O3 comprises.
  • a DeNOx catalytic converter reduces the nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas according to the SCR method of selective catalytic reduction with the aid of a reducing agent, for example ammonia, to nitrogen and water.
  • the exhaust gas generated in the diesel engine flows through the exhaust gas pipe 2 into the catalytic converter 7 at a temperature of 100 to 700 ° C.
  • a metering device 4 is fitted in the exhaust pipe 2.
  • the metering device 4 comprises a reducing agent tank 4A and a controllable nozzle 4B connected to it, through which the reducing agent located in the reducing agent tank 4A is injected into the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust pipe 2. This can be done using compressed air, for example.
  • the reducing agent is intimately mixed with the exhaust gas.
  • Urea is used as the reducing agent, which partially converts to ammonia under the conditions prevailing in the exhaust gas.
  • a hydrolysis catalytic converter (not shown in more detail) can be arranged between the metering device 4 and the DeNOx catalytic converter 7.
  • the exhaust pipe 2 opens into the catalytic converter 7, which has an inflow surface 11 on its inlet side.
  • the inflow surface 11 perpendicular to the flow direction 6 of the exhaust gas is here 200 cm 2 per liter of cubic capacity 3 of the internal combustion engine 1.
  • the percentage of the inflow surface 11 through which the exhaust gas and reducing agent can flow is 70%.
  • the parallel flow channels 9 through which the exhaust gas and the reducing agent can flow have a hydraulic diameter of 2 mm.
  • the honeycomb-shaped catalytic converter 7 of this exemplary embodiment has a high pollutant conversion rate as well as a low tendency to clog and a low exhaust gas back pressure and thus does not impair the performance of the internal combustion engine 1.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

Pour éliminer les substances nocives dans un gaz d'échappement provenant d'un moteur à explosion (1) fonctionnant à l'excès d'air avec une cylindrée (3) donnée, il est proposé un catalyseur à alvéoles (7) ainsi qu'un procédé consistant à acheminer le gaz d'échappement par un tuyau d'échappement (2) dans le catalyseur (7). En adaptant la surface d'incidence (11) à la cylindrée (3), pour un diamètre hydraulique des canaux d'écoulement (9) du catalyseur (7) entre 2 à 4 mm et pour une ouverture de la zone frontale à l'entrée du catalyseur (7) entre 45 et 95 %, on peut obtenir un taux élevé de conversion des substances nocives sans affaiblissement de la puissance du moteur (1).
PCT/EP1998/004085 1997-07-04 1998-07-02 Catalyseur a alveoles et procede d'epuration d'un gaz d'echappement provenant d'un moteur a explosion fonctionnant a l'exces d'air WO1999001647A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98936407A EP0993544A1 (fr) 1997-07-04 1998-07-02 Catalyseur a alveoles et procede d'epuration d'un gaz d'echappement provenant d'un moteur a explosion fonctionnant a l'exces d'air

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97111324 1997-07-04
EP97111324.6 1997-07-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999001647A1 true WO1999001647A1 (fr) 1999-01-14

Family

ID=8227015

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1998/004085 WO1999001647A1 (fr) 1997-07-04 1998-07-02 Catalyseur a alveoles et procede d'epuration d'un gaz d'echappement provenant d'un moteur a explosion fonctionnant a l'exces d'air

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0993544A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999001647A1 (fr)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0277765A1 (fr) * 1987-01-27 1988-08-10 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Procédé pour la séparation des oxydes d'azote de gaz d'échappement d'un moteur diesel
EP0382434A2 (fr) * 1989-02-06 1990-08-16 Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Co. Ltd. Méthode de purification des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur diesel

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0277765A1 (fr) * 1987-01-27 1988-08-10 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Procédé pour la séparation des oxydes d'azote de gaz d'échappement d'un moteur diesel
EP0382434A2 (fr) * 1989-02-06 1990-08-16 Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Co. Ltd. Méthode de purification des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur diesel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0993544A1 (fr) 2000-04-19

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