Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
  • C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
  • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
  • C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M133/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M133/08—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
  • C10M145/18—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M145/24—Polyethers
  • C10M145/26—Polyoxyalkylenes
  • C10M145/36—Polyoxyalkylenes etherified
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
  • C10M149/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
  • C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
  • C10M2209/108—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups etherified
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
  • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
  • C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives

Definitions

• the invention relates generally to ether amine-based lubricants and methods of using the same. More specifically, the invention relates to ether amine- based lubricants having an alkaline pH and which have improved lubricity in the presence of acidic soils.
• Beverages and other comestibles are often processed and packaged on mechanized conveyor systems which are lubricated to reduce friction between the packaging and the load bearing surface of the conveyor.
• the lubricants commonly used on the load bearing surfaces of these conveyor systems typically contained fatty acid soaps as the active lubricating ingredient.
• a lubricant be efficacious in lubricating the tracks upon which the various types of containers are transported, i.e. cans, glass and PET articles.
• Fatty acid lubricants are efficacious in conjunction with any of these types of containers.
• these lubricants are "universal" lubricants in their application to various beverage containers.
• These fatty acid lubricants have in the past provided excellent lubricity.
• fatty lubricants are also known to form insoluble precipitates in the presence of calcium and magnesium cations commonly found in hard water. Water softeners and chemical chelating agents such as EDTA must be used with lubricants based on fatty acids to prevent formation of such precipitates. Failure to implement such measures generally results in the formation of a precipitate which may plug the spray nozzles used for applying the lubricant to the conveyor.
• Antimicrobial agents are particularly useful for conveyor systems which may transport food substances. Spillage of beverages and other comestibles on the conveyor often results in the growth of bacteria, yeast and mold and may create a slime or soil which, in turn, hampers conveyor performance and may also detract from product purity and appearance. Antimicrobial agents are particularly useful for reducing slime formation in conveyor systems which may transport food substances.
• Fatty acid based lubricants have been formulated with effective antimicrobial agents, however, the tendency to react with water hardness ions compromises the overall performance of the lubricant.
• Alternatives to fatty acid lubricants have also been developed, but these compositions also have certain shortcomings.
• Jansen U.S. Pat. No. 4,839,067 discloses a process for the maintenance of chain-type conveyor belts by treating the conveyor belt with an antimicrobial lubricant composition containing a lubricating amount of a neutralized C 12 - 18 primary fatty amine.
• the primary fatty amines tend to form a precipitate in the presence of anions such as SO 4 ⁇ 2 , PO 4 ⁇ 3 and CO 3 ⁇ 2 , commonly found as impurities in water.
• the precipitate may plug spray nozzles and soil the surfaces of the conveyor system in much the same way as fatty acid soaps in the presence of water hardness.
• Remus U.S. Patent No. 5,510,045, and counterpart WO 95/26389, discloses an amine lubricant composition for use with glass, aluminum and two- piece PET containers.
• the lubricant compositions comprise a mixture of amine, hydrotrope, and alkalinity source to maintain the pH above 8.
• lubricant compositions comprising branched saturated or unsaturated C 6 to C 2 ⁇ alkyl ether amines and diamines neutralized to provide water solubility and lubricity.
• the lubricant compositions are useful in conveyor operations and may also comprise a surfactant, and an alcohol solvent.
• a lubricant concentrate comprising an effective lubricating amount of one or more ether amine compounds.
• Each of the amine compounds has a formula selected from the group consisting of,
• the composition also comprises an amount of surfactant effective to solubilize the ether amine compound when diluted with water.
• a lubricant use-solution comprising a major portion of water, and from about 10 ppm to 10000 ppm of one or more amine compounds.
• Each of the amine compounds has a formula selected from the group consisting of R! - O - R 2 - NH 2 , R ! - O - R 2 - NH - R 3 - NH 2 , and mixtures thereof wherein R ⁇ is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C 6 - C 18 alkyl, R 2 is a linear or branched C ⁇ - C 8 alkylene, and R 3 is a linear or branched Ci - C 8 alkylene group.
• the lubricant use-solution also includes a surfactant used to solubilize the amine compound.
• a method of lubricating a conveyor system using a lubricant use-solution comprising one or more amine compounds each of which has a formula selected from the group consisting of, R 1 - O- R 2 - NH 2 , and mixtures thereof wherein R ⁇ is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C 6 - C 18 alkyl, R 2 is a linear or branched C ⁇ - C 8 alkylene, and R 3 is a linear or branched Cj - C 8 alkylene.
• the lubricant use-solution also includes a surfactant used to solubilize the amine compound, and a balance of water.
• the method comprises the step of applying the lubricant use-solution to the intended surface of use.
• the invention is a lubricant concentrate and a lubricant use-solution each comprising linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl ether amines.
• the alkyl ether amine compounds promote lubricity in the aqueous lubricant use- solution despite the presence of ions and acidic beverage soils, such as acidic beer soils which often have a pH of 3 to 4 or less.
• the invention provides reduced soiling of conveyors resulting from the diminished interaction of food soil with the lubricant use-solution.
• Compositions of the invention also provide greater lubricant use-solution tolerance to ion laden water.
• the lubricant use-solution of the invention also has antimicrobial efficacy on non-food contact surfaces providing a reduction of bacterial colony forming units of 99.9% within five minutes.
• the "lubricant concentrate” is that composition which is diluted prior to use.
• the “lubricant use-solution” is the lubricant composition which, once diluted, is applied to the intended surface.
• the invention is a lubricant concentrate, a lubricant use-solution, and a method of using the lubricant use-solution.
• the lubricant concentrate may be a solid or liquid.
• the lubricant concentrate and lubricant use-solution of the invention include linear and branched, saturated and unsaturated alkyl ether amine compounds which provide lubricity, antimicrobial character, as well as a reduction in the formation of various precipitates which often occur in the environment of use.
• compositions of the invention include surfactant solubilizers, and may also include antimicrobial agents, and sources of alkalinity, among other constituents.
• the invention also includes methods of using the claimed invention.
• the lubricant concentrate and lubricant use-solution of the invention comprise an amine compound.
• the amine compound provides compositional lubricity, furthers antimicrobial character, and reduces or eliminates the formation of various precipitates resulting from the dilution with water and/or contaminants on the surface of application.
• the amine compounds of the invention may comprise any number of species.
• the amine compound is an alkyl ether amine compound of the formula,
• Rj O - R 2 - NH - R 3 - NH 2 , (2) and mixtures thereof wherein R ⁇ may be a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C 6 - C 18 alkyl, R 2 may be a linear or branched - 8 alkylene, and R 3 may be a linear or branched Ci - C 8 alkylene. More preferably, Ri is a linear or branched C 12 - C 16 alkyl; R 2 is a C 2 - C linear or branched alkylene; and R 3 is a C2 - C 6 linear or branched alkylene.
• the lubricant concentrate and lubricant use-solution of the invention comprise one or more amine compounds having R ⁇ present as a linear C 6 - C 18 alkyl.
• R is a linear alkyl group
• the lubricant use-solution resulting from the lubricant concentrate provides enhanced lubricity.
• the lubricant concentrate and lubricant use-solution of the invention have a pH of greater than 9, are free of any added acid source and have one or more amine compounds where Ri is a linear C 6 - C 18 alkyl group.
• Preferred compositions of the invention include linear alkyl ether diamine compounds of formula (2) wherein R] is C 12 - C 16 alkyl, R 2 is C 3 alkylene, and R 3 is C 3 alkylene.
• Ri may also be either a linear or branched alkyl C 12 - C 16 or a mixture of linear alkyl C10 - C12 and C 14 - C 16 .
• the linear or branched alkyl ether amine compounds used in the composition of the invention provide lower use concentrations, upon dilution, with enhanced lubricity.
• the amount of the amine compound in the lubricant concentrate generally ranges from about 0.1 wt-% to 90 wt-%, preferably about 0.25 wt-% to 75 wt-%, and more preferably about 0.5 wt-% to 50 wt-%. These materials are commercially available from Tomah Products Incorporated as PA-19, PA-1618, PA-1816, DA-18, DA-19, DA-1618, DA-17, DA-1816, and the like.
• Tomah DA 1618 is C 12 - ⁇ 4 linear alkyloxypropyl- 1 ,3-diaminopropane
• Tomah DA-18 is C 1 linear alkyloxypropyl-1,3- diaminopropane
• Tomah DA-17 is a branched N- isotridecyloxypropyl-1 ,3— diaminopropane
• Tomah PA- 19 is linear alkyloxypropylamine.
• Representative alkyl ether amine compounds are generally formulated from linear or branched C 12 or greater alkyl alcohols and acrylonitrile to provide an ether amine according to the scheme provided below:
• Ether Nitrile Catalyst Ether Amine wherein Ri is defined as above.
• R ⁇ is defined as above.
• the active amine compound concentration in the lubricant use-solution of the invention ranges from about 10 ppm to 10000 ppm, preferably from about 30 ppm to 5000 ppm, and more preferably about 50 ppm to 2000 ppm.
• the lubricant concentrate and lubricant use-solution of the invention also comprises a surfactant.
• the surfactant functions as an hydrotrope to solubilize the ether amine in the aqueous lubricant concentrate and use-solution and increases phase stability.
• the surfactant also increases detergency in the lubricant use- solution.
• Compounds which may be used as surfactants in the invention include nonionic surfactants, among other compounds.
• Nonionic surfactants are generally hydrophobic compounds which bear essentially no charge and exhibit a hydrophilic tendency due to the presence of oxygen in the molecule.
• Nonionic surfactants encompass a wide variety of polymeric compounds which include specifically, but not exclusively, alkoxylated alkylphenols, alkoxylated aliphatic alcohols, alkoxylated amines, alkoxylated ether amines, carboxylic esters, carboxylic amides, and polyoxyalkylene oxide block copolymers.
• the alkoxy group is a ethoxy or propoxy group, and most preferably ethoxy.
• Particularly suitable nonionic surfactants for use in the lubricant concentrate and lubricant use-solution of the invention are the alkoxylated (preferably ethoxylated) alcohols having the general formula R ⁇ ((CH 2 ) m O) n wherein Ri is an aliphatic group having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, m is a whole number from 1 to about 5, and n is a number from 1 to about 40 which represents the average number of ethylene oxide groups on the molecule.
• Nonionic surfactants which have been found useful in the invention include nonylphenol ethoxy lates with about 9.5 moles of ethoxy lation available from Stepan Chemical Co. as Macon 9 and C 12 -i5 linear alcohol ethoxylates having about 9 moles of ethoxylation available from Shell Chemical Company as Neodol 25-9. Also useful are the ethoxylated ether amines synthesized by the following reaction sequence:
• the surfactant concentration ranges from about 0.1 wt-% to 66 wt-%, and preferably from about 0.5 wt-% to 50 wt-%. More preferably the surfactant concentration ranges from about 1 to 30 wt-%.
• the lubricant concentrate and lubricant use-solution of the invention have an alkaline pH.
• the lubricant concentrate of the invention has a pH which is about 10 or greater and preferably ranges from about 10 to 13.
• the lubricant use-solution generally has a pH of greater than about 9.0, preferably about 9.5 to 13 without any added source of alkalinity other than the surfactant and amine compound.
• alkalinity sources may be added.
• alkalinity sources are limited only to those chemical compositions which have solubility in the system. That is, the alkalinity source should not contribute metal ions which promote the formation of precipitates or film salts.
• exemplary alkalinity sources include silicates, hydroxides, phosphates, carbonates, and alkanolamines.
• the alkalinity source When present, the alkalinity source may be used to raise compositional pH to the desired level. As a result, the concentration of the alkalinity source may vary considerably given the type of alkalinity source and the required pH increase.
• the lubricant concentrate and lubricant use-solution have antimicrobial efficacy providing a 99.9%) reduction of colony forming units of bacteria within five minutes of contact.
• the lubricant concentrate and lubricant use-solution of the invention may also comprise one or more antimicrobial agents.
• any solid or liquid chemical agent having microbicidal efficacy may be used in the invention.
• Chemical compositions known to impart microbicidal efficacy at pH 9 or greater include iodophors, phenolics, and quaternary ammonium compounds
• Preferred antimicrobials useful in the invention are cationic surfactants such as alkyl and benzyl quaternary compounds like N-alkyl (C ⁇ -is) dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, N-alkyl (C] 4 - ⁇ 8 ) dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, N-tetradecylidmethylbenzyl ammonium chloride monohydrate, dimethyl didecyl ammonium chloride, and N-alkyl and(Ci 2 - ⁇ 4 ) dimethyl 1-napthylmethyl ammonium chloride which are available commercially from manufacturers such as Stepan Chemical Company.
• cationic surfactants such as alkyl and benzyl quaternary compounds like N-alkyl (C ⁇ -is) dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, N-alkyl (C] 4 - ⁇ 8 ) dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, N-tetradecylidmethylbenzyl ammonium chloride monohydrate, dimethyl did
• an antimicrobial agent When present, an antimicrobial agent must have a concentration effectively necessary for the required action to be provided.
• concentration of antimicrobial agent may range from about 0.1 to 10 wt-%), preferably from about 1 to 8 wt-%, and most preferably from about 2 to 6 wt-%).
• the lubricant concentrate and, in turn, lubricant use-solution of the invention may also comprise one or more adjuvants to modify the character or properties of those compositions.
• adjuvants include viscosity modifiers, soil anti- redeposition agents, preservatives, dyes, fragrances, anti-foaming agents, soil suspension and solubilizing agents, as well as penetrants, among others.
• the lubricant use-solution of the invention may be formulated as a lubricant concentrate which is later diluted to the lubricant use-solution for use in a given application.
• the lubricant concentrate may be diluted from about 10 to
• Compositions 1-7 were prepared by adding the ether amine and ethoxylated surfactant to water with stirring.
• the ether amines in Composition 3 were not adequately solubilized by the surfactants, as evidenced by phase separation.
• This Composition was prepared again with a higher surfactant to amine ratio as
• composition 7 No phase separation occurred with this composition.
• compositions 1, 2, and 4-7 the pH was in excess of 11, indicating that the amines are not in a neutralized state.
• unneutralized, saturated alkyl amines having an alkyl group of greater than 10 carbons are water insoluble. Water solubility with these Compositions was achieved through coupling by the surfactants.
• Compositions 8 and 9 represent Comparative Examples which have been neutralized with acetic acid.
• the ether amines were solubilized with acetic acid neutralization, and the surfactant was included for detergency properties.
• the compositional pH for Compositions 8 and 9 was a pH of 7.0-7.5.
• LUBRICITY Lubricant Use-solutions 6D and 10D were prepared from Lubricant Concentrates 6C and IOC ("C” indicating concentrate) (as prepared in Working Example 1), respectively, by dilution with city water to 0.5 wt- %.
• Lubricant Use-solutions 6D and 10D were streamed along the perimeter of a polished stainless steel plate measuring 20.5 cm in diameter. The plate was connected to an electric motor, and rotated at an even rate when switched on. A glass disk weighing 189 gm was attached to a load cell and placed on the plate in the area wetted by Lubricant Use-solutions 6D and 10D. When the electric motor was switched on, the disk glided freely on the plate. The drag between the glass disk and the stainless steel plate was detected by the load cell, and transferred to a chart recorder.
• the formulation used as a control was a fatty acid lubricant concentrate comprising:
• Formula was tested at 0.1% wt in distilled water containing 200 ppm added NaHCC ⁇ .
• Lubricant Use-solution 6D demonstrated superior lubricity in the absence and the presence of acidic soil. This may result from the neutral to alkaline pH afforded by solubilization rather than neutralization of the amine species in the lubricant concentrate.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

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• 1997
  • 1997-06-20 US US08/879,963 patent/US5932526A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1998
  • 1998-05-12 AU AU74856/98A patent/AU743671B2/en not_active Expired
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