WO1998056727A1

WO1998056727A1 - Functional material laminate and process for production thereof

Info

Publication number: WO1998056727A1
Application number: PCT/JP1998/002517
Authority: WO
Inventors: Hidekazu Kuromatsu; Kazuhisa Danno; Keiji Imajo; Kenji Kurimoto
Original assignee: Kaneka Corporation
Priority date: 1997-06-09
Filing date: 1998-06-05
Publication date: 1998-12-17
Also published as: AU7551798A

Abstract

A functional material laminate having a liquid or wet gel-like functional material sealed between substrates, at least one of which is transparent either partially or entirely, and spacers so disposed between the substrates as to make the gap between the substrates uniform, wherein anchoring members made of a flexible or plastic material is disposed between the substrates and the spacers in such a manner as to fix the spacers between the substrates. The anchoring member is formed by applying an anchoring film made of a flexible or plastic material onto the substrate, or by covering the spacer with a flexible or plastic armoring material. A process for producing a functional material laminate comprising a setting step for applying the functional material to the substrates and attaching the sealing material, a substrate superposing step, and a vacuum adhesion step and a pressing step for rendering the sealed space of the superposed substrates air-tight and filling the functional material.

Description

Akitoda:

Functional material laminate and method for producing the same

The present invention relates to a functional material laminate in which a liquid or wet gel-like functional material is sealed between transparent plates, and to a method for producing the same. Background art

In recent years, photochromic glass that reversibly controls light rays physicochemically includes liquid crystal, electrochromic, fine particle polarization orientation, photochromic, thermochromic, and photochromic glass. Liquid crystal, electoric chromic, fine particle polarization orientation, photochromic, and thermochromic dimming glass, all of which have weather resistance (light), light shielding, and practical area In addition to the technical issues such as security of such equipment, it is very expensive and currently used only in very limited fields.

On the other hand, as a light control glass filled with a liquid or wet gel between a plurality of glass sheets, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-255016 discloses a temperature rise between two glass sheets arranged in parallel. A thermopic pick dimming glass filled with an aqueous solution of a picky-mouth pick polymer which becomes cloudy due to the above is described.

Such thermostatic pick dimming glass is now in the spotlight, because it is more durable, has better light-shielding properties, and is less expensive than those using liquid crystal or the like. However, because the aqueous thermopick polymer aqueous solution with fluidity is sealed between the glass sheets, the aqueous solution gradually descends due to its own weight and the glass sheet bends unless the glass surface is used horizontally. However, when the layer thickness of the aqueous solution becomes larger toward the lower side, there arise problems such as that the refractive index of the light control glass varies depending on the portion and that the light shielding state becomes uneven. It is said that it is hardly applicable to modern buildings where the window openings are designed as wide as possible because the difference in layer thickness of the aqueous solution tends to increase as the area of the light control glass increases. This is the actual situation.

For this reason, highly viscous liquids such as a liquid polymer solution with fluidity are used. For light control glass in which the liquid preparation is sealed between plate glass, the technology to keep the layer thickness of the high viscosity liquid uniform has become a very important issue in securing a practical area. At present, the following chemical, structural, and mechanical methods have been proposed to solve this problem.

As a dangling method, a method has been proposed in which a polymer used as a component of a highly viscous liquid is partially crosslinked to suppress the flow as a crosslinked swelling gel. However, if the crosslink density is increased to such an extent that the drop of the highly viscous liquid can be prevented, the original functionality and durability will be affected, and the reversible stability inherent in the light control glass will not be sufficiently obtained. Disadvantages occur.

Structural and mechanical methods include adhering and fixing the adjacent sheet glass in the plane of the sheet glass with an adhesive or the like in a dotted or linear manner from the inside, or a spherical or linear glass with the same diameter as the required gap. Considering the proposed method of maintaining the layer thickness by placing a spacer in the shape of a plate between the glass sheets, and considering the use of this method in a window such as a window, the lines and points of this bonded part are visually impaired. Or when an external force is applied to the glass sheet, stress concentration may occur at the bonded part or the part corresponding to the spacer, and the glass sheet may be easily broken, which may significantly limit the place where the glass sheet can be used. It has become.

On the other hand, the high-viscosity liquid used for such a light control glass changes its physical properties such as the temperature at which the state changes and the light-shielding properties according to its concentration. For this reason, it is necessary to prevent the fluctuation of the concentration of the highly viscous liquid due to the inflow and outflow of water vapor, and to seal the space between the glass sheets in a state where the inflow and outflow of water vapor are shut off so that the expected characteristics are maintained.

For this reason, there are two methods to seal the high viscosity liquid between the glass sheets: a method of melting and bonding the glass sheets directly or through a low melting point glass, and a method of processing at a relatively low temperature. A method has been proposed in which sealing is performed using a sealing material that is possible and has a low water vapor transmission rate and that is mainly composed of a saturated hydrocarbon polymer such as polyisobutylene resin.

In the former sealing method, since the glass sheets are bonded together directly or via low-melting glass, the entrance and exit of water vapor at the glass bonding part can be reliably blocked, and the concentration of the highly viscous liquid can be maintained semi-permanently constant. . However, in this sealing method, the dimensional accuracy is poor because the glass sheet is exposed to high temperatures, and the processing time is prolonged. The productivity of the stratum is also poor. In addition, since the high-viscosity liquid laminated between the sheet glasses cannot withstand the melting temperature of the glass, the sheet glass must be filled after being melt-bonded. However, since a highly viscous liquid is usually very high in viscosity, it is difficult to fill it with a liquid between glass sheets. For this reason, this sealing method was not feasible.

Also, in the latter sealing method, a sealing material containing a saturated hydrocarbon polymer such as polyisobutylene resin as a main component is used, and since these sealing materials have low adhesiveness to glass, they are used in a laminate. When deformed by applying stress, the sealing material separates from the glass, causing a problem that the durability of the laminate is reduced and the performance of blocking water vapor is reduced. When using coated glass such as heat-reflective glass or LOW-E glass as one sheet glass, the adhesiveness of the sealing material to the coated surface is smaller than that of the sheet glass. When the sealing material was brought into close contact with the coating surface, a step of removing the coating film was required.

For this reason, a sealing material mainly composed of polybutylene resin, which has excellent water vapor blocking performance, and a sealing material, which has excellent adhesion to sheet glass, are arranged in parallel between the glass periphery and inside and outside. Laminates with a structure have also been proposed. However, in this method, since two types of sealing materials need to be applied to the sheet glass, the amount of the sealing materials used is increased, and the filling operation of the sealing materials becomes complicated, and the number of processes is reduced. And the manufacturing cost of the laminate increases. Further, since the two types of sealing materials are arranged in parallel inside and outside between the peripheral portions of the sheet glass, the overall width of the sealing portion is increased, and the lamination area of the high viscosity liquid is reduced.

In recent years, from the viewpoint of preserving the global environment and conserving energy, there has been strong interest in actively utilizing natural energy and reducing the use of fossil energy represented by petroleum. Also in buildings such as houses, construction methods that contribute to energy saving, such as exterior wall materials with excellent heat insulation and control of the flow of energy into and out of the room, are spreading, and their interest is growing. On the other hand, there is no technology to achieve the opposing effects of ensuring visibility and openness and controlling energy inflow and outflow in windows and other openings, and the establishment of such technology is expected. However However, measures have been reexamined, such as the rapid spread of double-glazed glass with high heat-insulating effects, even in openings such as windows of houses that have a strong sensation of looseness gradually. In particular, double-glazed glass not only has its thermal insulation effect, but also controls the outflow of thermal energy such as the radiant heat of indoor heating in cold regions, and radiant heat due to the reflection of sunlight in warm regions. In order to suppress the inflow of thermal energy due to heat, there are many examples of using a glass with a low radiation film (LOW-E glass) as the glass that composes the multi-layer glass.

Although the above-mentioned light control glass can control the inflow of solar energy by shading sunlight, there is a problem that the inflow and outflow of radiant heat and the inflow of radiant heat due to the reflection of sunlight cannot be sufficiently suppressed. In addition, double-glazing can control the heat insulation effect and the inflow and outflow of radiant heat, but cannot control the inflow of solar energy, which accounts for the majority of solar energy during high temperatures such as summer. There is. In other words, conventional windows had no idea of controlling solar energy and radiant heat at the same time, and it could not be said that natural energy could be used effectively.

Further, in the light control glass, when used in a cold region, the temperature of the thermotropic material rises due to the radiant heat of room heating and is maintained in a high temperature state, and the light control glass is unnecessarily blocked from light. Because of the tendency, the basic function of the glass, such as securing the field of view, was impaired, and when used in warm areas, the temperature of the thermotropic material rapidly increased due to external radiant heat and the temperature increased. It is maintained and the light control glass tends to be unnecessarily shaded, which may impair the basic function of the glass, such as securing a view.

Since such a high viscosity liquid with a thermostatic opening has a higher viscosity than a liquid crystal, it is a liquid or gel-like substance, it is filled between glass sheets by a vacuum injection method like liquid crystal. In fact, technology that can not be used and that efficiently fills without air bubbles has not yet been established. Disclosure of the invention

In the functional material laminate according to claim 1, at least one part or the whole is transparent. A liquid or wet gel-like functional material is sealed between the substrates, and a spacer is provided so that the gap between the substrates is uniform. A locking member made of a soft or plastic material is provided between the spacers, and the spacer is fixed between the bases by the locking member.

In this functional material laminate, the gap between the substrates is uniformly maintained through the spacer, so that the functional material is prevented from lowering, and the refractive index of the functional material laminate over the entire surface. In addition to maintaining uniformity, it is possible to prevent variations in the dimming function due to the functional material. Further, since the locking member is made of a material softer than the spacer, the spacer is pressed into contact with the base via the locking member and physically engages with the base. The sedimentation of the stirrer is prevented, and the fall of the functional material due to the sedimentation of the stirrer is prevented.

The functional material laminate according to claim 2 is the functional material laminate according to claim 1, wherein, as the locking member, at least one of the bases is softer than the spacer on a surface facing the functional material. It is obtained by laminating various locking films. In this case, the spacer is locked to the locking film in such a manner as to sink into the locking film, and its settling is prevented.

A functional material laminate according to a third aspect is the functional material laminate according to the second aspect, wherein the thickness of the locking film is 30 to 100; t / m. Originally, the thickness of the locking film should be set as thin as possible within the range in which the desired performance is exhibited by preliminary examination, taking into account the variation in the particle size of the spacer and the layer thickness of the functional material. Is preferred. In other words, if the film thickness is unnecessarily thick, the spacer is excessively immersed, and as a result, it is difficult for the spacer to maintain the layer thickness of the functional material. On the other hand, if the film thickness is small, the variation in the spread may exceed the film thickness of the locking film, and the layer thickness of the functional material becomes larger than the set value. Furthermore, the function of the spacer is dependent on its function and the particle size is large, and the spacer with a small particle size does not adhere to the locking film and easily sinks and cannot fulfill its role. . For this reason, it is preferable to set 30 to 100 / m.

The functional material laminate according to claim 4 is the functional material laminate according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the locking film has an ultraviolet shielding function or an ultraviolet absorbing function. is there. When this is disposed on the outdoor side, deterioration of the functional material and the sealing material used for encapsulating it between the substrates due to ultraviolet rays is suppressed, and the durability of the functional material laminate is improved. In addition, it is preferable to place the lamp in both indoors and outdoors because it can prevent sunburn caused by ultraviolet rays on furniture, furniture, and the human body.

The functional material laminate according to claim 5 is the functional material laminate according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the main component of the locking film is polyester. The functional material laminate according to claim 6 is the functional material laminate according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the main constituent component of the locking film is polyethylene terephthalate. Things. As the locking film, those made of various materials can be used as long as the material is softer than the spacer, but in consideration of durability for building materials, industrial availability, price, etc., claim 5 or As described in 6, it is preferable to use a film mainly composed of polyester, more preferably polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

The functional material laminate according to claim 4 is the functional material laminate according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the spacer is spherical. If the shape of the souser is not spherical, the workability during spraying and placement will be significantly reduced. When a shape other than a spherical shape, such as a rod, is used, workability is improved, but a spacer inside the functional material laminate is conspicuous, resulting in visual defects in the functional material laminate. Become. On the other hand, if the shape of the spacer is spherical, the spacer itself has no direction, so it is only necessary to disperse it in a functional material in advance or to appropriately dispose it on the functional material applied to the substrate. However, it is possible to arrange an efficient spacer, and it is possible to improve the workability at the time of dispersing and arranging the spacer, as compared with other shapes.

The functional material laminate according to claim 8 is the functional material laminate according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the particle size of the spacer is larger than the layer thickness in which the functional material exists. It is large and smaller than the sum of the layer thickness of the functional material and the thickness of the locking film. If the particle size of the spacer is smaller than the functional material layer thickness, the spacer is in non-contact with the adjacent substrate, and unless the functional material laminate is used in a horizontal state, the spacer is used. It sinks to the bottom of the functional material stack and does not play its role. On the other hand, if the thickness of the functional material is greater than the sum of the Even if it is held in such a state that it sinks into the film, the layer thickness of the functional material will be larger than the set value. That is, the particle size is set so as to be larger than the thickness of the layer in which the functional material is enclosed, and smaller than the sum of the thickness of the functional material and the thickness of the locking film. By being configured to be held slightly indented in the stop film, it is possible to suppress the settling of the stirrer and to control the layer thickness of the desired highly viscous liquid. .

A functional material laminate according to claim 9 is the functional material laminate according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein the spacer is a glass bead. The material of the spacer must have a function as a spacer, have durability as a building material, have no adverse effect on the functional material that comes into contact with it, and have a visual sense of the functional material laminate. It is necessary to satisfy the conditions such as not to cause a general defect, and in view of these, it is preferable to use glass beads.

The functional material laminate according to claim 10 is the functional material laminate according to claim 1, in which an exterior material made of a soft or plastic material is coated on a spreader as a locking member. It is. In this case, even if there is a difference in specific gravity between the spacer and the functional material, the exterior material comes into close contact with the base and the movement of the spacer is physically restricted. It does not sink or float and is not biased. Since the exterior material acts as a cushioning material, the occurrence of stress concentration at a position corresponding to the spacer on the base can be further reduced.

The functional material laminate according to claim 11 is the functional material laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein a spacer having a size smaller than a required interval between substrates is used, The spacer defines the minimum distance between the substrates. With this configuration, even when external force is applied to the substrate, the spacer ensures the minimum necessary thickness of the functional material layer, and stress concentration at a position corresponding to the spacer of the substrate. Is minimized.

The functional material laminate according to claim 12 is the functional material laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the specific gravity of the spacer is 90% to 1% of the specific gravity of the functional material. It is set to 100%, and the viscosity of the functional material is set to 100 voids or more. In this case, the specific gravity of the functional material and the spacer becomes almost the same, Bias of the souser due to surfacing and floating can be prevented.

The functional material laminate according to claim 13 is the functional material laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein one sealing material is disposed between peripheral portions of the base, and The peripheral parts of the bases are bonded and fixed to each other with a sealing material, and the functional material is sealed between the bases. In such a configuration, the restriction on the material for the sealing material is increased, but the lamination width of the sealing material can be reduced as much as possible, and the lamination area of the functional material can be set large. The assemblability is improved, and the production cost can be reduced by using as little sealing material as possible.

The functional material laminate according to claim 14 is the functional material laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the sealing material having excellent gas barrier properties is provided between peripheral portions of the base. And at least two sealing materials having excellent adhesion to the substrate are arranged in parallel inside and outside. With this configuration, the laminated area of the functional material is slightly reduced, and the functional material can be securely sealed by the inner sealing material, and the substrates can be securely bonded to each other by the outer sealing material. It becomes possible. The functional material laminate according to claim 15 is the functional material laminate according to claim 13, wherein the sealing material has at least one crosslinkable reactive group in a molecule. It uses a sealing material containing from 0 to 300,000 saturated hydrocarbon polymers as an essential component. The sealing material used for this functional material laminate has excellent adhesiveness to a substrate such as glass and also has excellent barrier properties against water vapor, so that two types of sealing materials are not used as in the past. Using two types of sealing materials, two substrates are firmly adhered to each other, and the flow of water vapor from the laminated portion of the sealing material is blocked to prevent fluctuations in properties due to changes in the concentration of the functional material. Becomes possible. In addition, since a single type of sealing material can secure sufficient adhesive strength, the lamination width of the sealing material can be reduced as much as possible, and the lamination area of the functional material can be set large. The assemblability of the laminate is improved, and the production cost can be reduced by minimizing the amount of sealing material used. Furthermore, since the sealing material of this type has excellent adhesiveness to the coating surface of the heat ray reflective glass LOW-E glass, the coating film is removed to improve the adhesiveness as in the past. Or the complicated processing that is said to be performed becomes unnecessary. The functional material laminate according to claim 16 is the functional material laminate according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein a sealing material made of a material that is cured by post-processing is used. Things. In other words, when the base materials are bonded to each other with the sealing material, the area that can be filled with the functional material can be set as large as possible, and a functional material laminate suitable as a window glass can be realized.

The functional material laminate according to claim 17 is the functional material laminate according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein a sealing material containing a reactive gay group is used as the sealing material. It was what was. In other words, such a sealing material has excellent weather resistance due to its excellent hydrolysis resistance at the cross-linking points, and also has excellent adhesiveness to the substrate, so that the durability of the functional material laminate is improved.

The functional material laminate according to claim 18 is the functional material laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the functional material has a light-transmitting state and a light-shielding state due to a temperature change between the substrates. A dimming layer enclosing the squeezing material is formed, and at least one of the substrates disposed on the outside or indoor side of the dimming layer is made of functional glass having a low radiation function. It is composed.

In this functional material laminate, when the temperature of the dimming layer rises due to intensified solar radiation, the state of the moto-mouth pick material changes, and the functional material laminate becomes light-shielded, and the indoor solar radiation energy is reduced. When the inflow is suppressed and the sunlight decreases, the temperature of the dimming layer decreases, and the state of the pick-up material changes state, and the functional material laminate enters a light-transmitting state, and the room becomes transparent. Solar radiation energy will be actively taken in. In addition, the radiant heat due to the reflection of sunlight and the indoor heating is reflected by the functional glass having a low radiation function, so that entering and exiting the room can be suppressed.

Placing the functional glass more indoors than the dimming layer makes it suitable for use in cold areas. That is, in a cold region, if the amount of radiant heat generated by indoor heating increases, the temperature of the light control layer becomes too high or is maintained at a high temperature, and the functional material laminate is unnecessarily shaded. It may be. For this reason, by placing the functional glass on the indoor side of the light control layer, the radiant heat from indoor heating is reflected by the functional glass before it reaches the light control layer, and the abnormal temperature rise of the light control layer is suppressed. In addition, the functional material laminate can be maintained in a light-transmitting state, so that the field of view as the opening and the sense of openness can be secured. preferable.

In addition, if the functional glass is placed outside the light control layer, it will be suitable for use in warm areas. That is, in a warm region, the amount of radiant heat due to the reflection of sunlight increases, and the temperature of the light control layer becomes too high or is maintained at a high temperature, and the functional material laminate is unnecessarily shaded. May be in a state. For this reason, by disposing the functional glass on the outdoor side of the light control layer, the radiant heat from the outside is reflected by the functional glass before reaching the light control layer, and the abnormal temperature rise of the light control layer is suppressed. However, it is preferable because the inflow of solar energy by the functional material laminate can be appropriately adjusted, and the field of view as the opening and the sense of openness can be secured. In addition, it is preferable to dispose the functional glass on the outside of the room rather than the light control layer because the glass has excellent responsiveness in the light-transmitting and light-shielding state according to the room temperature.

The functional material laminate according to claim 19 is the functional material laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein three or more substrates are laminated and the functional material is filled. At least one of the gaps other than the gap between them is formed by sealing the space between the outer edges of the base with a sealing material to form an air layer. With such a configuration, the air layer can further improve the heat insulating properties of the functional material laminate.

The functional material laminate according to claim 20 is the functional material laminate according to claim 19, wherein at least one of the substrates facing the air layer has a function of forming a low-emission film on the surface of the substrate. It is made of functional glass, and functional glass is arranged so that the low-emissivity film is in contact with the air layer. In other words, in order to protect the low emission film from damage due to physical contact and the like and deterioration due to environmental factors, it is preferable to arrange the surface provided with the low emission film on the air layer side.

The functional material laminate according to claim 21 is the functional material laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the state reversibly changes between a cloudy state and a transparent state due to a temperature change. This is a material using a satomoto pick material. In this functional material laminate, the temperature changes cause the functional material to switch between a light-transmitting state and a light-shielding state, thereby controlling the inflow of solar energy.

The functional material laminate according to claim 22 is the functional material laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein a main component of the functional material is a water-soluble polymer compound. A nonionic surfactant and a cloud or cloud point controlling substance, and water. The functional material having such a configuration functions as a thermopic pick material that switches between a light-transmitting state and a light-shielding state due to a change in temperature. That is, the functional material laminate in which these functional materials are encapsulated can be used as a light control glass that switches between a light-transmitting state and a light-shielding state by a change in temperature, and can control the inflow of solar energy.

A method for producing a functional material laminate according to claim 23 is characterized in that the functional material is applied to the bases, and a gap larger than a required gap between the bases is provided so that the bases can be hermetically sealed. The setting process of attaching the sealing material to the substrate, and the polymerization of the substrate in which the functional materials and the sealing material are interposed between the substrates by overlapping the substrates to form a closed space surrounded by the sealing material between the substrates. The process and the superimposed substrate are set in a reduced-pressure atmosphere, and the sealing material is brought into close contact with the substrate so that the enclosed space is airtight while maintaining the enclosed space in a substantially vacuum state. A pressing step of pressing the base so that the volume of the closed space is substantially the same as the volume of the functional material applied to the base, deforming the sealing material, and filling the closed space with the functional material; And Those were.

As described above, a closed space having a larger capacity than the functional material filled between the bases is formed between the bases by the sealing material, and the closed space is filled with the functional material, and the inside of the closed space is substantially evacuated. After the sealing material is deformed, the base material is pressed while deforming the sealing material, and the closed space is filled with the functional material.Therefore, no bubbles are mixed in the functional material or the plastic functional material such as gel. Thus, it is possible to fill the space between the substrates. A method of manufacturing a functional material laminate according to claim 24 is the manufacturing method according to claim 23, wherein the functional material and the sealing material are adhered only to one of the substrates in the setting step.

The method for producing a functional material laminate according to claim 5 is the method for producing a functional material according to claim 23, wherein the functional material and the sealing material are overlapped with each other in the substrate polymerization step. In the setting step, the functional material is applied to the substrate in a uniform film shape so that the distance between them is 5 cm or less. The method for producing a functional material laminate according to claim 26 is the method according to any one of claims 23 to 25. In the method, in the setting process, the functional material is point-like or linear-like or a mixture thereof with respect to the substrate, and the distance L between adjacent points is 5 cm. It is applied so as to be as follows. By coating in this manner, a functional material laminate having almost no bubbles can be produced.

The manufacturing method according to claim 27 is the manufacturing method according to any one of claims 23 to 26, wherein the minimum distance between the substrates is defined in at least one of the functional material and the sealing material. A spacer is provided. In other words, when an external force acts on the bases, the gap between the bases may fluctuate. Therefore, by providing a spacer for defining the minimum distance between the bases, a minimum necessary functional material layer is provided. The thickness of the substrate is ensured, and the occurrence of stress concentration at a position corresponding to the spacer on the substrate is minimized.

The manufacturing method according to claim 28 is the manufacturing method according to any one of claims 23 to 27, wherein a spacer for uniformly setting a gap between the bases in the functional material is provided. In addition, at least one of the bases facing the functional material is laminated with a locking film softer than a spacer. In the functional material laminate manufactured by this manufacturing method, the spacer is in close contact with the locking film, and the movement of the spacer is regulated. Further, the locking film can be easily formed on the base by lamination.

The manufacturing method according to claim 29 is the manufacturing method according to claim 27, wherein the spacer disposed on the functional material is covered with a covering material made of a soft or plastic material, and The sensor is fixed between the substrates. In the functional material laminate manufactured by this manufacturing method, even if there is a difference in specific gravity between the functional material and the spreader, the movement of the spreader is physically restricted by the exterior material. As a result, the spacer does not settle or float to be biased, and since the exterior material acts as a cushioning material, the occurrence of stress concentration at a position corresponding to the base spacer can be further reduced. The manufacturing method according to claim 30 is the manufacturing method according to any one of claims 23 to 29, wherein at least a part is partitioned by a flexible film body in the reduced-pressure adhesion step, Using a decompression device having a decompression tank, set the superimposed substrates in one decompression tank, depressurize both decompression tanks, bring the closed space into a substantially vacuum state, and then close. The other depressurizing tank is at normal pressure so that the chain space is airtight, and the substrate is pressed with a film to press the sealing material in close contact with the substrate. In this case, using a well-known decompression device, it is possible to produce a functional material laminate having no bubbles and high quality.

The manufacturing method according to claim 31 is the manufacturing method according to claim 20, wherein a thickness substantially equal to a required thickness of the functional material is provided around the base set in a reduced pressure tank of the pressure reducing device. A spacer for preventing deformation of the side edge of the functional material due to the film pressure, or a mold that consists of a rigid body following the shape of the substrate between the film and the substrate of the decompression device Is provided. With this configuration, it is possible to prevent the side edge of the functional material from being thinned, and it is possible to accurately set the thickness of the entire functional material to the required thickness.

The production method according to claim 32 is the production method according to any one of claims 23 to 31, wherein in the substrate polymerization step, the closed space formed between the substrates is communicated with the outside, and the reduced pressure contact is performed. In the process, the sealing material is provided in close contact with the base so that the enclosed space is airtight. For example, grooves or depressions and projections may be formed in the sealing material, or a part of the sealing material may be lost so that the enclosed space is not hermetically sealed by the sealing material. In the pressure reduction contacting step, the closed space can be easily brought into a substantially vacuum state. However, the grooves, irregularities, and missing portions formed in the sealing material are closed when the sealing material is deformed in the pressing step, and the closed space is hermetically sealed.

The manufacturing method according to claim 33 is the manufacturing method according to any one of claims 23 to 32, wherein the functional material and the sealing material are respectively laminated between the substrates in the substrate polymerization step. Previously, the sealant was pre-cured. In this case, the two substrates can be temporarily bonded with a pre-cured sealing material, so that even when a large pressure is applied during lamination of the two substrates, the two substrates and the sealing material are not easily displaced, so that the dimensional accuracy is excellent. The obtained functional material laminate is obtained. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view of the main part of a functional material laminate, and Fig. 2 is a functional material laminate of another configuration. Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view of a main part of a light control glass using low-emission glass, Fig. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a main part of another embodiment of the light control glass, and Fig. 5 is a low-emission glass. Fig. 6 is a vertical sectional view of a main part of a multi-layer type light control glass of another embodiment. Fig. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a main part of a multi-layer light control glass of another embodiment. FIG. 8 is a vertical sectional view of a main part of a light control glass of another type, FIG. 8 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a main part of a light control glass of a multilayer type according to another embodiment, and FIG. FIG. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view of a principal part of a multi-layer type light control glass of another embodiment, and FIG. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view of a principal part of a light control glass using a glass having an ultraviolet shielding function. Fig. 12, Fig. 12 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part of a light control glass using a glass having an ultraviolet shielding function according to another embodiment, and Fig. 13 is a glass having an ultraviolet shielding function according to another embodiment. FIG. 14 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part of a light control glass, and FIG. 14 is a vertical cross sectional view of a main part of a light control glass using a glass having an ultraviolet shielding function of another embodiment. FIG. 15 is an ultraviolet shielding of another embodiment. Fig. 16 is an explanatory view of a method of applying a functional material to a substrate, Fig. 17 is an explanatory view of a method of applying a functional material to a substrate, and Fig. 16 is an explanatory view of a method of applying the functional material to the substrate. FIG. 18 is a longitudinal sectional view of the functional material laminate in the substrate polymerization step, FIG. 19 is a schematic configuration diagram of the decompression device, FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the decompression device, and FIG. Fig. 22 is a longitudinal sectional view of the functional material laminate in Fig. 22; Fig. 22 is a longitudinal sectional view of the functional material laminate in the pressing step in the case where a deformation preventing spacer is provided in the pressure reducing device; Fig. 24 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the functional material laminate in the pressing step when a molding die is provided in FIG. Illustration of another method of manufacturing the potential material laminate, 2 5 is an explanatory diagram of another method for producing a functional material laminate.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

As shown in FIG. 1, the functional material laminate 1 has two flat substrates 2 and 3 arranged side by side in parallel, and the outer edges of the substrates 2 and 3 are sealed with a sealing material 4. Then, the functional material 5 is sealed between the bases 2 and 3, and further, the functional material 5 is provided with a spacer 6 so that the gap between the bases 2 and 3 is uniform. In order to fix the support 6 at a predetermined position between the bases 2 and 3, a locking film 7 which is softer than the spacer 6 is provided on at least one of the bases 2 and 3 (the base 3 in the illustrated example). It is laminated on the surface facing 5.

First, the bases 2 and 3 will be described. The bases 2 and 3 can be appropriately selected from ordinary plate glass made of an inorganic material, and organic glass made of polycarbonate, ataryl resin, vinyl chloride resin or the like as an organic material. Depending on the purpose of use, the flat glass can be colored glass, float flat glass, netted glass, lined glass, heat ray reflective glass, low radiation glass, laminated glass, tempered glass, double strength glass, UV cut glass, mesh What is necessary is just to select suitably from glass containing, template glass, ground glass, etc. When the functional material laminate 1 is used as a light control glass, the bases 2 and 3 are usually transparent. A part of the bases 2 and 3 may be opaque, and the building may be a building. When used as an outer wall or the like, at least one of them may be made of an opaque glass plate or a metal plate. The case where low-emission glass is used as the substrates 2 and 3 will be described later in detail.

The substrates 2 and 3 may be of the same type or of different types. It is also possible to use a template glass in which a pattern or the like is dug deeply, a glass molded body such as a bent glass or a glass bottle, or glass in which at least one is formed in a block shape such as a glass block.

Next, the functional material 5 will be described.

When the functional material laminate 1 is used as a light control glass, a samurai mouth pick material that changes state between a cloudy state and a transparent state due to a temperature change is used as the functional material 5. .

Examples of such thermopick materials include nonionic surfactants exhibiting a cloud point phenomenon and isotropic aqueous solutions of nonionic water-soluble polymers. Specifically, polyvinyl alcohol partial acetal, polyvinyl alcohol partial acetate, polyvinyl methyl ether, methyl cellulose, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, a copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, and a hydroxypropyl group Polysaccharide derivatives (eg, hydroxypropylcellulose, etc.), polyvinylmethyloxazolidinone, polyN-substituted acrylamide derivatives (eg, polyN-isopropylacrylamide, polyN-ethoxyxylacrylamide, etc.) ), An aqueous solution of a water-soluble polymer such as a poly N, N-disubstituted acrylamide derivative (eg, poly N-methyl-N-ethyl acrylamide, etc.), or a copolymer thereof. And a polymer solution using alcohol or the like as a solvent.A water-soluble polymer having a hydroxypropyl group having a good hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance is preferable from the viewpoint of sufficiently shielding sunlight. Hydroxypropylcellulose, which has primarily stable cellulose in the main chain, is preferable because it has excellent weather resistance and stability and is relatively inexpensive.

On the other hand, when an aqueous solution of hydroxypropylcellulose or the like is used alone, phase change may occur when the state changes to cloudy. However, phase separation can be suppressed by adding an amphipathic molecule such as a nonionic surfactant having both a hydrophilic part and a hydrophobic part to this, and such an amphipathic molecule can be further added. Are also within the scope of the present invention and are preferred. As such an amphipathic molecule, those having a molecular weight of about 300 or less, more preferably about 1000 or less in the oligomer region are easily used, and the ionic group has a very hydrophilic group. As it is large, the higher alkyl group is better for the hydrophobic group to balance. Specific examples include polyoxypropylene 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol (polyoxypropylene trimethylolpropane ether), polypropylene glycol, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, polyoxypropylene glycerin, sodium laurinolate sulfate. Etc., and any other substance having the same action can be used.

The addition of an electrolyte such as sodium chloride to control the temperature at which the thermopick material changes state is also within the scope of the present invention. Thereby, the temperature at which the state changes can be shifted to a lower temperature side.

The constituent substances of the thermotropic material and the compounding ratio thereof may be determined by preliminary examination in consideration of required characteristics such as a state change temperature. When the optical properties of the light control glass in which these materials are encapsulated are evaluated in accordance with JISR 3106, the thickness differs depending on the type of the bases 2 and 3 used and the thickness of the layer in which the thermopick material is present. Is about 300 μm to 1 mm, and the solar transmittance from about 70% or more in the light-transmitting state is reduced to about 40% or less in the light-shielded state. It has become clear that the amount of flow can be adjusted.

Also, a gel obtained by crosslinking a part of these water-soluble polymers and swelling in a solvent such as water is used. It may be used as a material for a thermotoque pick. For example, as described in US Pat. No. 5,377,042, a gel obtained by partially cross-linking the above-mentioned polymer solution, for example, a portion of a hydroxyethyl methacrylate-hydroxyethyl acrylate copolymer A gel thermopick material comprising a crosslinked product and water is one of preferred examples. However, various materials other than those described above may be used as long as they are liquid or wet gel-like thermotropic materials that change between a cloudy state and a transparent state due to a temperature change.

In addition, if the functional material 5 is a liquid or wet gel-like material, a photomixer material whose light transmittance changes according to a change in light, or an electrifying material whose light transmittance changes according to a voltage change Various light modulating materials such as mouth chromic materials can be used.

Further, as the functional material 5, a material having a function other than the material whose light transmittance changes can be laminated. For example, if a shock absorbing gel such as α-gel is laminated as the functional material 4, the functional material laminate 1 can be used as a sound insulating glass.

Further, as the functional material 5, in addition to the above-described polymer solution or gel, a liquid containing a solvent such as water, a gel or a solid absorbing these liquids can be used.

Next, the sealing material 4 will be described.

As the sealing material 4, any general polymer adhesive or any sealing material that is plastic and solid can be used. (1) Epoxy resin with excellent adhesive strength and weather resistance , Acryl-based, PVC-based, cyanoacrylate-based adhesives, silicone-based, modified silicone-based sealing materials, and (2) butyl rubber-based, polyisobutylene-based, and polysulfide-based sealing materials for double-layer glass sealing materials Or ③ Transparent acryl rubber or silicone rubber rubber material is preferred. Here, a plastic solid, such as clay or gelatin, retains its shape without being deformed by its own weight in a small amount, but can be deformed into an arbitrary shape by applying pressure and release the pressure. It shows the one that does not return to its original shape. High viscosity liquids may be used. It is difficult to specify by physical properties. It is called a highly viscous liquid with a size of 0 or more, or a plastic gel, or a plastic rubber. In addition, it is preferable to use a sealing material which is heated or high-frequency heated, irradiated with UV, irradiated with ultrasonic waves, irradiated with EB (electron beam), or left at room temperature or cured naturally by moisture.

Further, instead of the sealing material 4, a sealing material made of a material having low gas permeability and low moisture permeability as shown in ②, and a material shown in ① having excellent adhesion to the bases 2 and 3 ① At least two types of sealing materials may be arranged in parallel between the peripheral portions of the bases 2 and 3 inside and outside. In this case, the restriction on the material of the sealing material for sealing the functional material 5 is reduced, and the fluctuation of the composition of the functional material 5 due to evaporation of moisture can be more effectively prevented, so that the appearance has excellent durability. A good functional material laminate can be obtained. Therefore, such a sealing method is also preferable and is within the scope of the present invention.

In particular, a saturated hydrocarbon polymer having a molecular weight of 500,000 to 300,000 containing at least one crosslinkable reactive group in the molecule is an essential component, and has an adhesive property to substrates 2 and 3 and a water vapor barrier property. Those which are excellent, have sufficient weather resistance, have sufficient strength for practical use, and have low solvent permeability are preferable. For example, a modified silicone-based sealing material is preferable because it has excellent adhesion to glass and water vapor barrier properties.

The reactive group capable of crosslinking may be any reactive group such as an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an acrylic group, a methacryl group, a vinyl group, an aryl group, or another functional group having an unsaturated bond. For example, a reactive group forming an ether bond, an ester bond, a urethane bond, an amide bond, an imido bond, etc., for example, an epoxy group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an isocyanate group, a carboxyl group, an acid anhydride group, a urine group, An acid halide group such as a sulfonyl group and a carbonyl group, and a reactive gay group are preferable because the adhesion to substrates 2 and 3 such as a glass plate is improved.

Among these reactive groups, those that react under relatively low temperature conditions such as heating at 0 ° C or more and 100 ° C or less or standing at room temperature, high-frequency heating, light irradiation, electron beam irradiation, etc. Since the curing process of the material 4 can be performed under mild conditions, the functional material 5 is not thermally degraded by heating, and the functional material laminate 1 having excellent dimensional accuracy can be obtained.

As a method for introducing these reactive groups into a saturated hydrocarbon polymer, a known method is used. Law can be used.

The manner in which the crosslinkable reactive groups react to crosslink the saturated hydrocarbon-based polymer is as follows: (1) Even if the reactive groups contained in the saturated hydrocarbon-based polymer react and crosslink with each other, Or (2) a saturated hydrocarbon-based polymer and a curing agent containing a functional group capable of reacting with a reactive group contained therein are mixed, and the saturated hydrocarbon-based polymer is crosslinked via the curing agent. It does not matter.

In particular, when a sealing material containing a reactive gayne group represented by the following chemical formula 1 is used, as described in JP-A-8-91880, This is preferable since the material has polarity after the saturated hydrocarbon-based crosslinking and has good hydrolysis resistance at the crosslinking point, so that the weather resistance of the sealing material 4 is improved.

(Chemical formula 1)

However, in Formula 1, R 1 and R 2 are both an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and a carbon number? ~ 20 aralkyl groups or (R ') 3Si0- (R' is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and the three R's may be the same or different And when two or more R 1 or R 2 are present, they may be the same or different, and X is a hydroxyl group or a hydroxyl group. Are decomposable groups, and when two or more are present, they may be the same or different; a is 0, 1, 2 or 3, b is 0, 1 or 2, provided that a + mb≥l, and b in each reactive group does not need to be the same, m is 0 or an integer of 1 to 19.

Here, the introduction form of the reactive gay group may be (1) the saturated hydrocarbon polymer constituting the main chain may be a saturated hydrocarbon polymer containing a reactive gay group, (2) A saturated hydrocarbon polymer having a functional group capable of reacting with a reactive hydrocarbon group, wherein the saturated hydrocarbon polymer constituting the main chain is a reactive hydrocarbon group. The contained curing agent may be mixed.

As the sealing material 4, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. (A) a saturated hydrocarbon polymer having a molecular weight of 500 to 300,000 having at least one alkenyl group in the molecule, (B) a curing agent having at least two hydrosilyl groups in the molecule, (C ) The sealing material containing the hydrosilylation catalyst and (D) the adhesion-imparting agent has a fast curing property, so that the hardening time of the sealing material can be shortened. It is particularly preferable because the production efficiency of the can be improved.

Further, as the sealing material 4, a saturated material having a molecular weight of 500 to 300,000 containing at least (A) a reactive gayne group in a molecule disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-231758 is disclosed. A hydrocarbon-based polymer and (B) a sealing material containing the following chemical formula 2 are particularly preferable because they have excellent storage stability and can reduce raw material loss of the sealing material.

(Chemical formula 2)

R C (O R ') 3

However, in Chemical Formula 2, R is a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, R 'is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, and the three R's may be the same or different. It may be.

As described above, the saturated hydrocarbon polymer constituting the main chain has a molecular weight of 500,000 to 300,000, and preferably has a number average molecular weight of about 500 to 100,000. In particular, a viscous liquid having a fluidity of about 1000 to 40,000 is preferred from the viewpoint of easy handling.

Here, the saturated hydrocarbon polymer is a concept meaning a polymer in which the main skeleton does not substantially contain a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond other than the aromatic ring, and the repeating unit constituting the main chain is It means composed of saturated hydrocarbon.

Saturated hydrocarbon polymers constituting the main chain are: 1) polymerizing olefinic compounds having 2 to 6 carbon atoms such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene and isobutylene as main monomers; 2) butadiene and isoprene It can be obtained by homopolymerizing a gen-based compound, or copolymerizing the above-mentioned olefinic compound and a gen-based compound, and then hydrogenating.

Of the polymers obtained by these methods, it is easy to introduce a functional group into the terminal. From the viewpoint that a large number of terminal functional groups can be introduced, an isobutylene-based polymer, a hydrogenated polybutadiene-based polymer, or a hydrogenated polyisoprene-based polymer is preferable. The above isoprene-based polymer may be a homopolymer or a copolymer, but when the liquid 4 is an aqueous liquid or a wet gel, the isobutylene unit is 50% (% by weight, hereinafter the same) or more in the polymer. Is preferable, 70% or more is more preferable, and 90% or more is most preferable.

Further, in the hydrogenated polybutadiene-based polymer and other hydrocarbon-based polymers, similarly to the case of the above-mentioned isobutylene-based polymer, in addition to the main monomer unit, the copolymerizable monomer unit may be used. May be contained.

Various additives are added to these sealing materials 4 as required in addition to the above components. Examples of such additives include, for example, curing accelerators, plasticizers, fillers, adhesion improvers, deterioration inhibitors, radical inhibitors, ultraviolet absorbers, light stabilizers, phosphorous peroxides Examples include decomposers, lubricants, pigments, and foaming agents.

Next, the spacer 6 and the locking film 7 will be described.

As long as the purpose of using the locking film 7 is only to prevent the sinker 6 from settling, the positional relationship with the layer in which the functional material 5 exists is not particularly limited. However, when a film having an ultraviolet shielding function or an ultraviolet absorbing function is used as the locking film 7, the locking film 7 is provided with a film 7 to prevent light deterioration of the sealing material 4 and the functional material 5 due to ultraviolet light. It is necessary to laminate on a substrate disposed on the outdoor side of the layer where the functional material 5 is present. However, in order to prevent the locking film 7 from peeling off, the locking finolem 7 may not be formed at the portion where the sealing material 4 is provided. It should be noted that it is necessary to select a material made of a soft material. The reason is that when the spacer 6 is held, it is an essential requirement that the spacer 6 be cut into the locking film 7. In addition, it is necessary to consider the durability, ease of industrial availability, and price as building materials. Films of polyethylene, cellophane, polypropylene, polyester, polycarbonate, nylon, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, etc. can be used, but considering the durability as building materials, the ease of industrial availability, the price, etc. It is preferable to use one that mainly comprises polyester or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

Further, as the locking film 7, a film having an ultraviolet shielding function or an ultraviolet absorbing function can be used. In this case, it is preferable that the locking film 7 is laminated on a substrate outside the layer where the functional material 5 is present, in order to prevent the deterioration of the sealing material 4 and the functional material 5 due to ultraviolet rays. Further, as such a locking film 7, a film having an ultraviolet shielding function or an ultraviolet absorbing function may be used, and fine particles such as zinc oxide and titanium oxide may be dispersed in the film. It is also possible to use a coated or coated material. An appropriate selection may be made in consideration of required characteristics and price.

Next, another embodiment for uniformly setting the interval between the substrates 2 and 3 will be described. However, the same members as those of the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

As in the functional material laminate 1 A shown in FIG. 2, a spacer 8 is provided in the center of the sealing material 4 so as to be embedded, and the sealing material 4 is attached to the spacer 6 instead of the locking film 7. An exterior material 9 having the same composition and exhibiting plasticity may be covered. In this case, when the exterior material 9 comes into close contact with the bases 2 and 3, the floating and sinking of the spacer 6 is regulated, and the spacer 6 is fixed to a predetermined position of the functional material 5.

When the specific gravity of the spacer 6 and that of the functional material 5 are set to be substantially the same, the floating and sinking of the spacer 6 is prevented, so that the locking film 7 and the exterior material 9 may be omitted. . For example, a photochromic gel composed of 30% by weight of HPC (hydroxypropylcellulose) and water (specific gravity of about 1.2, viscosity of about 200 Voids) is added with a spherical sensor made of vinyl chloride having a specific gravity of about 1.2. When used, the locking film 7 and the exterior material 9 may be omitted. The spacers 6 and 8 may be fixed to at least one of the bases 2 and 3 with an adhesive or the like. Further, when the size of the bases 2 and 3 is relatively small or when the strength and rigidity of the bases 2 and 3 are high, the spacer 8 or the spacers 6 and 8 may be omitted.

The spacers 6 and 8 are used to set the gap T between the bases 2 and 3 to a uniform layer over the entire area of 1 A by stacking the functional material, and the diameter of the spacers 6 and 8 D is set smaller than the gap, and the lower limit of the gap T is regulated by the diameter D by spacers 6 and 8. It is configured as follows. In other words, even if an external force acts on the bases 2 and 3 and the gap T is locally reduced, the spacers 6 and 8 are applied until the gap T becomes the same as the diameter D. Since there is no contact with the bases 2 and 3 at the same time, no stress concentration occurs on the bases 2 and 3 at the positions corresponding to the spacers 6 and 8. Since the external force is absorbed to some extent by the locking film 7 in the functional material laminate 1 and by the sealing material 4 and the exterior material 9 in the functional material laminate 1A, the base material 2 against the external force is removed. , 3 can be increased in strength.

As the spacers 6 and 8, various materials such as plastics and metals can be used as long as the lower limit of the gap T can be regulated and is not corroded by the functional material. The shapes of the spacers 6 and 8 can be in the form of particles such as spheres, wires, or plates. It may be opaque, but if the functional material 5 is transparent, it is preferable that the spacers 6 and 8 are also transparent. Further, if the spacers 6 and 8 have a refractive index close to that of the functional material 5, the spacers 6 and 8 are most inconspicuous. Examples of such spacers 6 and 8 include glass beads and resin beads. When a material that becomes cloudy due to a temperature change or the like is used as the functional material 5, the spacers 6 and 8 may be configured to be white so as not to be conspicuous.

As a specific example of the functional material laminate 1A, a sealing material 4 having a diameter of about 2 mm obtained by coating a stainless steel wire 8 having a diameter of about 0.5 mm with butyl rubber is used. Acrylic rubber is applied to a functional material 5 with a thickness of about 0.8 mm, or (2) a spacer 6 made of polystyrene beads having a diameter of about 0.4 mm, and dried to form an exterior material 9. It is preferable that the material which is coated and formed into a spherical shape of about 0.8 mm is mixed with the functional material 5 so that the functional material 5 has a thickness of about 0.5 mm. The spacer 6 used in the functional material laminates 1 and 1 A may be mixed into the functional material 5 in advance and filled between the bases 2 and 3, or may be sprayed on the bases 2 and 3 And may be arranged regularly. Further, from the viewpoint of preventing warpage of the bases 2 and 3, it is desirable that the spacers 6 and 8 are arranged at an interval of 10 cm or less, preferably 5 cm or less in the plane.

Next, a specific example when the functional material laminate 1 is used as a light control glass will be described. explain about.

Hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC-L, manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.): Polyoxypropylene trimethylolpropane ether (Sannic Triol T-P400 manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.): A 3% sodium chloride aqueous solution mixed at a weight ratio of 5: 1: 9 is used as the thermotropic material. The bases 2 and 3 are made of JIS standard float plate glass with a thickness of 3 mm. The locking film is made of polyethylene terephthalate. Glass beads spacers (UNI-BEADS SPL-500, particle size: 500 m, manufactured by Union Co., Ltd.) were used as the spacers.

The layer in which the functional material is present was sealed with a photosensitive adhesive after encapsulating the functional material via a plastic resin.

Under the normal conditions, the functional glass laminated with the functional material laminated with the functional material having such a structure is transparent and translucent under normal conditions due to the effect of the functional material having thermotropic function enclosed between the glasses. It is in a state where visibility and openness comparable to ordinary glass are secured. When the temperature of the functional material exceeds approximately 36 ° C due to a high temperature or strong sunlight, the functional material gradually becomes cloudy, becomes almost completely cloudy at 38 ° C, and becomes light-shielded, It is possible to suppress the inflow of solar radiation energy into the indoor side. In addition, when the temperature of the functional material falls below approximately 36 ° C due to a decrease in temperature or a decrease in solar radiation, the material returns to a light-transmitting state again, so that solar energy can be obtained and sufficient visibility and light can be obtained. A feeling of openness can be obtained. In addition, when the functional material laminates 1 and 1A of the present invention are used in a vertical plane as a building material for windows and the like, the effect of maintaining the functional material layer thickness by the spacer is achieved. , And the retaining effect of the spacer by the locking film makes it possible to keep the layer thickness of the functional material having a thermotropic function constant for a long period of time. No unevenness is caused by this, and an excellent appearance can be maintained.

Next, a case where at least one of the substrates in the light control glass using the functional material laminate 1 is made of low-emission glass will be described. The same members as those in the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. In the above embodiment, Although the two substrates are indicated by different reference numerals 2 and 3, here, they are indicated by reference numeral 2. Further, the embodiment described below can be applied to the functional material laminate 1A in a similar manner. Low-radiation glass refers to radiant heat due to reflection of sunlight or indoor heating, and a far-infrared region of about 200 nm or more. It has a function of reflecting energy having a wavelength of.

Specifically, as shown in Fig. 3, a low-emissivity film 11 made of a transparent special metal film (Low-E mittance film) used for double-glazing is applied to the indoor side. Low-emission glass 12 (commonly referred to as “L 0 W—E glass”) coated on the substrate 2 may be used. The low-emissivity film 11 is transparent, transmits almost all of the wavelengths in the solar radiation region, particularly in the visible light region, and selectively reflects only those having higher wavelengths. Therefore, there is no adverse effect on ensuring visibility and openness. At this time, the use of the low-emission glass 12 provided with the low-emission film 11 is preferable from the viewpoint of its effect and easy industrial availability. Here, as a transparent special metal film having a reflection function of low radiation, a five-layer film composed of an Ag film and a ZnO film can be exemplified. More specifically, high performance (high heat insulation) products such as "Sun Reine Silver" and "Sun Reine Green" manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. and "Pairex Heat Guard" manufactured by Central Glass Co., Ltd. Low-emission films used for laminated glass can be used.

Next, the positional relationship between the functional material 5 and the low-emission glass 12 in the light control glass 10 will be described.

The positional relationship is not particularly limited as long as it is only for the purpose of suppressing the inflow of radiant heat from the room to the outside. However, if the low-emissivity glass 12 is installed closer to the room than the functional material 5, the temperature of the pick-up material increases due to the effect of the radiant heat from the indoor heating reflected by the low-emission glass 12. Easier to maintain at high temperatures. That is, the light control glass 10 becomes unnecessarily light-shielded, which causes inconvenience in terms of ensuring visibility and openness as the opening. For this reason, it is preferable to arrange the low-emission glass 12 outside the functional material 5 outside the functional material 5 to suppress an abnormal temperature rise of the functional material 5 due to radiant heat generated by indoor heating. In the light control glass 10, the temperature change causes the functional material 5 to switch between a light-shielding state and a light-transmitting state, and the solar radiation energy flowing into the room is adjusted. The radiant heat due to reflections and room heating is reflected, and the radiant heat entering and exiting the room is suppressed. Specifically, the action of the thermopic mouth pick material autonomously shields them in the visible light region of 380 nm to 780 nm and in the solar region of 340 nm to 180 nm. And control the inflow. In addition, the low radiation function can suppress the inflow of radiant heat having a wavelength of 2000 nm or more to the outside of the room.

In addition, since the low-emissivity glass 1 and 2 are disposed closer to the room than the functional material 5, an abnormal rise in temperature of the functional material 5 due to indoor heating is suppressed, and the amount of solar energy inflow is reduced by the functional material 5. By properly adjusting it, it is possible to provide a comfortable indoor space by ensuring the field of view and open feeling as the opening, and to significantly reduce the heating load, especially in winter.

Note that, as in the case of the light control glass 10A shown in FIG. 4, the low-emission glass 12 may be arranged so that the low-emission film 11 is located on the indoor side. With this configuration, the low-emissivity film 11 is exposed to the indoor side, which is an undesirable force from the viewpoint of protecting the low-emission film 11. Since the radiant heat due to indoor heating is efficiently reflected on the inner surface, it is possible to more effectively suppress the unnecessary shielding of the functional material 5 from the functional material 5, which is preferable.

Next, a multi-layer type light control glass composed of the low emissivity glass 12 will be described.

The dimming glass 20 shown in FIG. 5 is made of a thermotropic material in which three substrates 2 arranged adjacently and in parallel and a pair of substrates 2 on the indoor side are sealed with a sealing material 4 therebetween. Functional material 5 and an air layer 22 sealed between the pair of substrates 2 on the indoor side via a sealing material 21, and are disposed more outdoor than the functional material 5. The low-emissivity glass 12 is provided by coating the low-emissivity film 11 on the outdoor surface of the base 2 at the center.

With this light control glass 20, the same operation and effect as those of the light control glass 10 and 10A of the above embodiment can be obtained. The heat insulation properties of the light control glass 20 are further enhanced by the air layer 22. By arranging the air space 22 on the indoor side of the low-radiation glass 12, it is possible to further reduce the adverse effect of radiant heat due to indoor heating.

Next, another multi-layer type light control glass in which the configuration of the light control glass 20 is partially changed will be described.

(1) Like the light control glass 20 A shown in Fig. 6, the most indoor side of the three bases 2 placed in parallel is the low emission layer 11 with the low emission film 11 facing the outside. A functional material 5 is sealed between a pair of substrates 2 on the indoor side, and the outer edges of the pair of substrates 2 on the outdoor side are sealed with a sealing material 21 to seal the substrate 2. An air layer 22 may be formed between them.

(2) Like the light control glass 20B shown in Fig. 7, the most indoor side of the three substrates 2 arranged in parallel is placed on the low emission layer 11 with the low emission film 11 facing the outside. An air layer 22 is formed between a pair of substrates 2 on the indoor side, and the outer edges of the pair of substrates 2 on the outdoor side are sealed with a sealing material 21 to form the substrate. A functional material 5 may be enclosed between the two.

(3) As shown in FIG. 8, the most indoor substrate among the three substrates 2 arranged in parallel, as shown in FIG. An air layer 22 is formed between a pair of substrates 2 on the indoor side, and the outer edges of the pair of substrates 2 on the outdoor side are sealed with a sealing material 21 to form the substrate. A functional material 5 may be enclosed between the two.

(4) Like the light control glass 20D shown in Fig. 9, the most indoor substrate of the three substrates 2 arranged in parallel is the low-emission substrate 11 with the low-emission film 11 facing the interior. The functional material 5 is sealed between a pair of substrates 2 on the indoor side, and the outer edges of the pair of substrates 2 on the outdoor side are sealed with a sealing material 21 to form the substrate. An air space 22 may be formed between the two.

(5) As shown in Fig. 10, the light-emitting glass 20E shown in Fig. 10 has three substrates 2 arranged in parallel. It is made of glass 12 and seals between outer edges of a pair of bases 2 on the indoor side with a sealing material 21 to form an air layer 22 between the bases 2 and a pair of bases on the outdoor side The functional material 5 may be enclosed between the two. In such a multi-layer type light control glass 20, 20 A to 20 E, the light control glass 20, 20 A, 20 B, 20 E has a low emission film 11 on the outer surface. This is preferable because it is not exposed and damage due to contact with other objects can be prevented. In particular, the light control glass 20B and 20E are preferable because the low emission film 11 is located in the air layer 22 and there is no risk of corrosion or the like due to contact with the thermopick material.

In general, the spectral characteristics of the low-emissivity film 11 differ between the front and back of the low-emission film 11. Although the inflow of radiant heat from the surface of the low-emission film 11 is efficiently reflected, It is difficult to say that radiant heat from the backside of 1 can always be efficiently reflected. Therefore, in consideration of the reflection of radiant heat, it is preferable to use light control glass 20C to 20E in which the low emission film 11 is provided on the outdoor surface of the low emission glass 12.

Taken together, the configuration of the light control glass 20E is preferable because it has both excellent practical characteristics and an effect of suppressing radiation heat from flowing out of the room.

It should be noted that the light control glass 20 to 20E can be provided by reversing the inside and outside of the room. In this case, since the low-emission glass 12 is disposed on the outdoor side of the functional material 5, the dimming glass is unnecessarily blocked in the winter due to radiant heat from a heater or the like as described above. Although there is a possibility, the abnormal temperature rise of the functional material 5 due to the solar radiation is suppressed, and the inflow of solar energy can be appropriately adjusted by the functional material 5, so that the field of view and the feeling of opening as an opening in summer can be improved. As a result, a comfortable indoor space can be provided, and the cooling load can be significantly reduced. In addition, it is preferable that the low-emission glass 12 be disposed outside the functional material 5 outside the functional material 5 because the response in the light-transmitting / light-shielding state according to the indoor temperature is excellent.

Also, in the case of the light control glass 10, 20, 20 OA, when the low emission film 11 is made of a material softer than the spacer 6, the locking film 7 is omitted. Is possible. Further, in the light control glass 10, 10 A, 20, 2 OA, the locking film 7 may be formed on the surface of the base 2 facing the functional material 5 with the functional material 5 interposed therebetween. .

Next, the case where the ultraviolet light shielding function is provided to the light control glass together with the low radiation function will be described.

As shown in FIG. 11, this light control glass 30 is composed of two sheets A substrate 2 having a base material 2 and a functional material 5 made of a pick-up material that is sealed between the substrates 2 with a sealing material 4 interposed therebetween. Then, using a low-emissivity glass 12 coated with a low-emission film 11 on the indoor side surface thereof, as a substrate 2 disposed outside the functional material 5 on the indoor side, an ultraviolet shielding layer 3 is provided on the indoor side surface. The ultraviolet shielding glass 32 formed with 1 is used.

The ultraviolet shielding layer 31 is formed of a coating film having an ultraviolet shielding function, a film having an ultraviolet shielding function, or the like. In the former case, the coating film is used to prevent a chemical reaction between the coating film and the thermopick material and to prevent scratches due to external contact when installed outdoors. May be protected.

As the ultraviolet absorber used in the ultraviolet shielding layer 31, inorganic compounds such as titanium oxide, zinc oxide and cerium oxide, and organic compounds such as benzophenone derivatives and benzotriazole derivatives can be used. Examples of the method for coating the glass with an ultraviolet absorber include dry methods such as vacuum evaporation, ion plating, and sputtering, and a method in which the ultraviolet absorber is dissolved or dispersed in a solvent together with a binder on the glass surface. A wet method of applying, drying and curing the solvent is also applicable.

In the light control glass 30, the ultraviolet light is blocked by the ultraviolet light shielding film, and the deterioration of the thermostat picking material and the sealing material 4 due to the ultraviolet light is prevented, so that the durability of the light control glass 30 can be improved. .

In the case of a multi-layer type light control glass, as shown in FIG. 12, a light control glass 3OA is used as the most indoor-side substrate 2 of the three substrates 2 arranged in parallel. Using the low-emission glass 11 with the low-emission film 11 formed thereon, using the ultraviolet-shielding glass 32 with the ultraviolet-shielding film 31 formed on the indoor side as the outermost substrate 2, and using a pair of indoor-side The air layer 22 is formed between the bases 2 and 3 and the functional material 5 is filled between the pair of bases 2 on the outdoor side.

Although it is likely to be expensive, a method of dissolving the UV absorber in the glass is to reduce the possibility that the substance that performs the UV shielding function will cause a chemical reaction with the thermotropic material (especially in the case of a solution). Dispersion is also conceivable. In the above embodiment, the low-emissivity film 11 and the ultraviolet shielding film 31 are different from each other on the base 2. Although they are formed independently on the surfaces, they may be formed on the same surface in a laminated manner.

Furthermore, as described above, when the low-emission glass i2 is disposed outside the functional material 5 on the outdoor side, two sheets of light-adjusting glass 40 shown in FIG. And a functional material 5 formed of a thermopick material sealed between the substrates 2 with a sealing material 4 interposed therebetween, and the chamber of the substrate 2 disposed outside the functional material 5 outside the room. A low-emission film 11 is coated on the outer surface, and an ultraviolet-ray shielding film 31 is formed on the indoor surface, and a functional glass 41 having a low-emission function and an ultraviolet-shielding function is provided. . In the case of a multi-layer type light control glass, as shown in Fig. 14, a light control glass 4OA is used as a central base 2 of three bases 2 arranged in parallel, and a low radiation outside the room. By using a functional glass 40 A in which a film 11 is formed and an ultraviolet shielding film 31 is formed on the indoor side, an air layer 22 is formed between a pair of substrates 2 and 3 on the outdoor side, and The functional material 5 is sealed between the pair of substrates 2 and 3 on the indoor side.

Further, in order to prevent the deterioration of the sealing material 21 for forming the air layer 22 due to ultraviolet rays, as shown in FIG. 15, the light control glass 40B shown in FIG. The substrate at the center of the substrate may be made of low-emissivity glass 12, and an ultraviolet shielding film 31 may be formed on the indoor side of the most outdoor substrate 2. In this case, it is more preferable that the ultraviolet shielding film 31 is prevented from being corroded by the thermopick material. In the case of the light control glass 30, 30 A, 40, 4 OA, when the ultraviolet shielding film 31 is made of a material softer than the spacer 6, the locking film 7 is used. It can be omitted. Further, in the light control glass 30, 30 A, 40, 40 A, 40 B, the locking film 7 is formed on the surface of the base 2 facing the functional material 5 with the functional material 5 interposed therebetween. May be.

The functional material laminate of the present invention is used not only in combination with a sash for building materials such as windows, but also in combination with a frame or unit according to the purpose of use, and can be used for automobiles, ships, aircraft, vehicles, etc. It can also be used for closures. Building materials such as windows include window-type windows, sliding windows, bay windows, outside windows, sideways windows, dress windows, double-ended windows, vertical sliding windows, corner windows, terrace doors, waist panel doors, It can be used, for example, for high-end windows, patio doors, skylights in solariums, members of greenhouses, trap lights such as atriums and arcades. Next, a method for manufacturing the functional material laminate 1 will be described. However, the functional material 5 can be similarly laminated between the bases in the other functional material laminates and the light control glass described above.

First, in the setting step, as shown in FIG. 16, a required amount of the functional material 5 is applied to the substrate 3 and a sealing material 4 is attached to the substrate 3. However, the functional material 5 may be applied to the substrate 3 and the sealing material 4 may be attached to the substrate 2, or the functional material 5 may be applied to the substrate 3 and the sealing material 4 may be applied to the opposing surface of the substrates 2 and 3. Each may be attached. Note that the base film 3 is preliminarily illuminated with the locking film 7, and the functional material 5 is applied on the locking film 7. In addition, the spacer 6 may be mixed in the functional material 5 in advance, or may be uniformly disposed on the functional material 5 applied to the base 3 by spraying or the like in this setting step.

The functional material 5 may be applied in the form of a film on the central part of the base 3 as shown in FIG. 16, but as shown in FIGS. 17 (a) and (b) It may be applied in a spiral or grid shape, as shown in FIGS. 1 (c) and (d). In any case, the distance W between the functional material 5 and the sealing material 4 is 5 cm or less, and the distance Pw between adjacent points or the distance Lw between lines is 5 cm or less in order to prevent air bubbles from entering as much as possible. It is preferable to apply so that Further, it is preferable to apply the functional material 5 as evenly as possible. The reason for setting the size to 5 cm or less is as follows: ① If bubbles larger than 5 cm remain when the closed space 59 is formed as described later, bubbles of 1 mm or more will eventually remain, but 5 cm If it is less than the above, the force to eventually become very small bubbles, and if left still, the residual air in the functional material 5 dissolves and the bubbles disappear. (2) If the decompressed air bubbles of 5 cm or more remain, the thin substrates 2 and 3 of about 3 mm thickness will warp the substrates 2 and 3 in the air bubble portion, and the thickness accuracy of the functional material 5 will be deteriorated. As shown in FIG. 16, the functional material 5 is applied by applying a coater such as a bar coater or a knife coater, transferring a roll of gravure, or extruding a T-die. It is preferable to apply. Unnecessary portions may be masked and applied. When applying as shown in Fig. 17, apply mass to unnecessary parts. The coating may be performed by applying a king, but is preferably performed quantitatively by a dispenser.

Further, the sealing material 4 may be pre-cured between the time when the sealing material 4 is applied to at least one of the substrates 2 and 3 and the time when the two substrates 2 and 3 are laminated. In this case, even if the two substrates 2 and 3 are strongly pressed during lamination, the layer of the sealing material 4 is not broken, so that the processing conditions can be easily adjusted, and when the viscosity of the functional material 5 is high. This is suitable because it can be developed quickly. However, since the adhesive strength between the pre-cured portion and the substrates 2 and 3 is generally weak, the sealing material 4 is applied to both the substrates 2 and 3 to increase the adhesive strength of the substrates 2 and 3, and the pre-curing is performed. When the two substrates 2 and 3 are laminated in this way, it is preferable that the pre-cured portions are brought into close contact with each other to bond the two substrates 2 and 3 together.

Here, the pre-curing means a state in which some of the crosslinkable reactive groups contained in the sealing material 4 have reacted but the rest have not reacted, and there is no fluidity but adhesiveness, so-called epoxy bonding This is a step of curing the sealing material 4 to the B stage state of the agent or the like. The conditions for this pre-curing may be appropriately selected according to the type of the sealing material 4. Next, in the substrate polymerization step, as shown in FIG. A closed space 59 surrounded by the sealing material 4 is formed between the bases 2 and 3 by interposing the material 5 and the sealing material 4 therebetween. However, at this stage, in order to prevent the closed space 59 from being airtight, a sealing material 4 in which an uneven portion or a groove or a hole is formed in advance is used, or a part of the sealing material 4 arranged in an annular shape is used. It is preferable to make a deletion.

Next, in the decompression and adhesion step, as shown in FIG. 19, using a decompression device 50 having two adjacent decompression tanks 52 and 53 partitioned by a flexible film body 51, The combined substrates 2 and 3 are set in the lower decompression tank 53 and both the decompression tanks 52 and 53 are depressurized to make the closed space 59 substantially vacuum. As shown in, the upper depressurizing tank 52 is pressed at normal pressure or pressure to press the base 2 with the film body 5 1 so that the closed space 59 is airtight, and the sealing material 4 is tightly closed to the base 2. Adhere. As the pressure reducing device 50, for example, a laminator for manufacturing a solar cell panel manufactured by Spire (USA) can be adopted.

As the internal pressure of both depressurizing tanks 52 and 53 during depressurization decreases, bubbles decrease as the degree of vacuum in the closed space 59 increases and the pressure decreases. Will be set to 2 Torr or less. The decompression time is preferably 10 seconds or more and 2 minutes or less at 2 Torr. In other words, if the time is shorter than 10 seconds, it is not possible to sufficiently remove the air bubbles mixed during the lamination of the functional material 5, and if the time exceeds 2 minutes, the solvent is evaporated in the aqueous functional material 5 and a white film is formed on the surface. Tens seconds to 2 minutes are preferred because tension and good laminates cannot be obtained.

Next, in the pressing step, the functional body 5 is filled in the closed space 59 while deforming the sealing material 4 by further pressing the base 2 with the film body 51 from the state shown in FIG. In other words, the depressurizing and adhering step of depressurizing the closed space 59 and adhering the sealing material 4 to the base 2 and the pressing step of filling the functional material 5 into the closed space 59 are performed under reduced pressure. Since these steps can be performed continuously in the apparatus 50, both steps can be performed easily and efficiently. However, since the substrates 2 and 3 are hermetically sealed via the sealing material 4, in the pressing step, the laminate is taken out of the pressure reducing device 50 and is pressed by a pressing device such as a hydraulic press. , 3 can be pressed in the thickness direction to fill the closed space 59 with the functional material 5. In addition, since the inside of the closed space 59 is substantially in a vacuum state, even if it is taken out of the pressure reducing device 50 and left alone, the base material 2 or 3 is pressed by the atmospheric pressure, and the functional material 5 is placed in the closed space 59. Can be charged.

Also, when the substrates 2 and 3 are pressed by the film 51, as shown in FIG. 21, the film 51 outside the substrates 2 and 3 tries to adhere to the mounting table 54, and the substrate 2 Since a large load acts on the outer edge of the base material, as shown in Fig. 22, the required thickness of the functional material laminate 1 A metal or plastic rod-shaped deformation preventing spacer 55 having substantially the same thickness as that of the functional material laminate 1 may be disposed to prevent deformation of the side edge of the functional material laminate 1 due to film thickness.

Further, as shown in FIG. 23, a molding die 56 made of a rigid body conforming to the shape of the base 2 and having a larger area than the base 2 is provided between the film body 51 and the bases 2 and 3, and the functional material is provided. product The layer body 1 may be pressed in a well-balanced manner. However, when the forming die 56 is fixed to the film 51, the film 51 may be deformed by the weight of the forming die 56, so that the film 51 may be deformed through an elastic member such as a coil panel. It is preferable to support the mold 56.

Instead of the pressure reducing device 50, a pressure reducing / pressing device incorporating a pressing means such as a high-precision hydraulic press or the like in the pressure reducing tank is used. The steps may be performed continuously. In this case, in the decompression and adhesion step, the substrates 2 and 3 superposed in the decompression tank of the decompression and pressing device are set and decompressed, and the closed space 59 is brought into a substantially vacuum state. The bases 2 and 3 are pressed by the pressing die so that 9 becomes airtight, and the sealing material 4 is brought into close contact with the base 2. In the pressing step, the bases 2 and 3 are further pressed by the forming die to provide functionality. Material 5 will fill the enclosed space 59.

Next, in the curing step, the sealing material 4 is cured by a curing method such as heating, high-frequency heating, or standing at room temperature. The sealing material 4 adheres the peripheral portions of the two substrates 2 and 3 together with the solvent. The functional material 5 is sealed between the bases 2 and 3 so as not to fly, and the functional material laminate 1 shown in FIG. 1 is obtained. However, in order to increase the adhesive strength, the sealing material 4 may be cured while being pressed by the film body 51 of the pressure reducing device 50 or the mold of the pressure reducing / pressing device.

In this embodiment, the functional material laminate 1 in which the functional material 5 is laminated between the two substrates 2 and 3 and the method of manufacturing the same have been described. A laminate of functional materials having three or more substrates can be manufactured in the same manner by laminating the same in the body 1 with the same or different functional materials interposed therebetween. Next, another method for producing the functional material laminate 1 will be described.

First, in the laminating step, as shown in FIG. 24, on one glass surface of the base 3, a sealing material 4 is applied to a peripheral portion thereof, and a functional material 5 is applied to a central portion thereof. The substrate 2 is laminated on the functional material 5 and the sealing material 4 applied to the substrate 3 so that no air bubbles remain in the functional material 5 and the sealing material 4. However, at this time, spacers may be interposed at the four corners of the bases 2 and 3 so that the gap between the bases 2 and 3 is uniform. Next, in the curing step, the sealing material 4 is cured by a curing method such as heating, high-frequency heating, or standing at room temperature. The sealing material 4 adheres the peripheral portions of the two substrates 2 and 3 together with the solvent. The functional material 5 is sealed between the bases 2 and 3 so as not to fly, and the functional material laminate 1 shown in FIG. 1 is obtained.

Here, in the laminating step, as shown in FIG. 25, after the sealing material 4 is applied also on the side of the base 2, both the bases 2 and 3 may be laminated. In this case, since the optimum conditions for applying the sealing material 4 to the bases 2 and 3 can be set regardless of the state of the functional material 5, air bubbles are generated between the bases 2 and 3 and the sealing material 4. This is preferable because the adhesiveness between the two is less likely to be entangled and the adhesiveness between the two is stabilized.

Further, the sealing material 4 may be pre-cured between the time when the sealing material 4 is applied to at least one of the substrates 2 and 3 and the time when the two substrates 2 and 3 are laminated. In this case, even if the two substrates 2 and 3 are strongly pressed during lamination, the layer of the sealing material 4 is not broken, so that the processing conditions can be easily adjusted, and even if the viscosity of the functional material 5 is high, This is suitable because it can be developed quickly. However, since the adhesive strength between the pre-cured portion and the substrates 2 and 3 is generally weak, the sealing material 4 is applied to both the substrates 2 and 3 to increase the adhesive strength of the substrates 2 and 3, and the pre-curing is performed. When the two substrates 2 and 3 are laminated in this way, it is preferable that the pre-cured portions are brought into close contact with each other to bond the two substrates 2 and 3 together.

Here, the pre-curing means a state in which some of the crosslinkable reactive groups contained in the sealing material 4 have reacted but the rest have not reacted, and there is no fluidity but adhesiveness, so-called epoxy bonding This is a step of curing the sealing material 4 to the B stage state of the agent or the like. The condition of the pre-curing may be appropriately selected depending on the type of the sealing material 4. In addition, when a vent hole is formed in advance in a part of the sealing material 4 and the functional material 5 is laminated between the bases 2 and 3, The conductive material 5 may be stacked by being developed under pressure, and then the air holes may be sealed. If the functional material 5 has a low viscosity, a method is used in which the sealing material 4 is laminated between the bases 2 and 3 and then the functional material 5 is filled between the bases 2 and 3 by injection or the like. It does not matter. After laminating the sealing material 4 and the precursor of the low-viscosity functional material 5 between the bases 2 and 3, the precursor is allowed to react. Thus, the functional material 5 may be laminated between the bases 2 and 3.

Industrial applicability

The present invention is configured as described above, and exhibits the following effects.

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to the functional material laminated body which concerns on this invention, it becomes possible to set the clearance gap between bases uniformly by a spacer. In addition, the sedimentation and floating of the sprinkler due to the difference in specific gravity between the functional material and the sprinkler are physically locked by the locking member, so that the functional material laminate can be oriented vertically or inclined. It is possible to effectively prevent a change in the layer thickness of the functional material when installed. In addition, since the locking member is made of a soft or plastic material, the deformation of the locking member between the bases absorbs the variation in the particle size of the spacer, and the gap between the bases is absorbed. That is, it is possible to set the layer thickness of the functional material uniformly. Further, since the locking member functions as a cushioning material, the occurrence of stress concentration at a position corresponding to the spacer of the base can be further reduced. Because of these excellent effects, even if the functional material laminate is formed into a large area and applied to window glass, etc., the functional material laminate due to the change in the layer thickness of the functional material can be used over time. Quality degradation will be effectively prevented.

As described in claim 2, when a locking film is laminated on the base as the locking member, it is possible to easily provide a locking member having a uniform film thickness, thereby facilitating the gap between the bases. Can be set uniformly.

As described in claim 3, when the thickness of the locking film is set to 30 to 100 zm, the amount of penetration of the spacer into the locking film is set appropriately, and the particle size of the spacer varies. Is effectively absorbed, and the layer thickness of the functional material is easily maintained properly. As described in claim 4, when a film having an ultraviolet shielding function or an ultraviolet absorbing function is used as the locking film, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the functional material and the sealing material used for enclosing the functional material with ultraviolet light. Thus, the durability of the functional material laminate can be further improved.

As described in claim 5 or claim 6, when a film having polyester poly (ethylene terephthalate) as a main constituent component is used as the locking film, even if it comes into contact with a functional material such as a thermopick aqueous polymer solution, the film is not reciprocal. Since there is no adverse effect, the durability of the functional material laminate can be improved, and it can be obtained at low cost. The production cost of the functional material laminate can be reduced.

When a spherical spacer is used as described in claim 7, the workability at the time of spraying and disposing the spacer can be improved, and the functional material laminate can be efficiently manufactured. Since the spacer can be uniformly dispersed in the functional material, the thickness of the functional material can be uniformly applied to the entire surface of the functional material laminate. It works.

When the particle size of the souser is set as described in claim 8, the sedimentation of the soother is suppressed without being largely influenced by the variation of the particle size at the time of manufacturing the soother. However, it is possible to control the thickness of the functional material to a desired thickness.

By using a glass bead spacer as described in claim 9, deterioration of the spacer due to contact with the functional material is prevented, and the durability of the functional material laminate is improved. In addition, the quality of the functional material laminate can be improved by reducing visual defects in the spacer portion.

As described in claim 10, when the spacer is covered with an exterior material made of a soft or plastic material, even if there is a difference in specific gravity between the spacer and the functional material, the spacer is applied by the exterior material. Movement is regulated, so that the spacer does not sink or float and be biased. Since the exterior material acts as a cushioning material, the occurrence of stress concentration at a position corresponding to the spacer on the base can be further reduced. In addition, the gap between the substrates can be set uniformly without being affected by the size or shape of the substrates.

As described in claim 11, if a spacer having a size smaller than the required interval between the bases is used as the spacer, even if an external force is applied to the base, the spacer can cope with the spacer of the base. Since the occurrence of stress concentration at the position where the stress occurs is minimized, breakage of the functional material laminate due to the stress concentration can be effectively prevented.

As set forth in claim 12, when the specific gravity of the spacer is set to 90% to 110% of the specific gravity of the functional material and the viscosity of the functional material is set to 100% or more, floating and sinking Can prevent the bias of the spacer, and can reliably and uniformly set the thickness of the functional material laminate.

As described in claim 13, in the case where the sealing material is arranged in a single strip between the peripheral portions of the base, the sealing material has a greater restriction on the material, but the lamination width of the sealing material is large. As a result, the lamination area of the functional material can be set as large as possible, the assemblability of the functional material laminate can be improved, and the use amount of the sealing material can be reduced as much as possible to reduce the manufacturing cost.

As described in claim 14, when two sealing materials having excellent gas barrier properties and adhesiveness to the substrate are arranged in parallel between the periphery of the substrate inside and outside, the laminated area of the functional material is increased. Although the material is slightly narrower, the functional material can be securely sealed by the inner sealing material, and the substrates can be securely bonded to each other by the outer sealing material. In addition, restrictions on the sealing material are reduced, and sealing materials made of various combinations of materials can be used.

As described in claim 15, as a sealing material provided between the peripheral portions of the substrate, a saturated hydrocarbon having a molecular weight of 500 to 300,000 containing one or more crosslinkable reactive groups in a molecule. When a sealing material is used as an essential component and has excellent adhesiveness to a transparent plate such as a glass plate, and also has an excellent barrier property against water vapor, it does not require two types of sealing materials as in the past. In addition, one type of sealing material enables two transparent plates to be firmly bonded together, and also shuts out and out of water vapor from the laminated portion of the sealing material, and changes in properties due to changes in the concentration of functional materials Can be prevented. Also, since a single type of sealing material can secure sufficient adhesive strength, the lamination width of the sealing material can be reduced as much as possible, and the lamination area of the functional material can be set large. The assemblability of the laminate is improved, and the amount of sealing material used is reduced as much as possible, thereby reducing manufacturing costs. In addition, since this type of sealing material has excellent adhesion to the coating surface of heat-reflective glass and LOW-E glass, the coating film is removed to improve the adhesion as before. In this case, complicated processing is not required.

When a material made of a material that is cured by post-processing is used as the sealing material as described in claim 16, the functional material can be easily and efficiently laminated between the substrates using a decompression device as described below. .

As described in claim 17, when a sealing material containing a reactive gay group is used as the sealing material, the sealing material has improved weather resistance and adhesiveness. The durability is greatly improved. When this functional material laminate is used as a window glass, the light-modulating layer is in a light-shielding state when the temperature of the light-modulating layer rises due to an increase in solar radiation, and the solar radiation is weakened to reduce the solar radiation. When the temperature of the solar cell falls, it becomes translucent, so that solar energy is actively taken into the room. In addition, the radiant heat due to the reflection of sunlight and indoor heating is reflected by the functional glass having a low radiation function, so that entering and exiting the room can be suppressed.

On the other hand, if the functional glass is installed outside of the light control layer, the thermopick material will not be unnecessarily blocked due to the adverse effects of radiant heat from the outside, and will transmit light at an appropriate temperature. And the light-shielding state can be switched autonomously. In other words, in a warm area where the inflow of energy from the outside is severe, the amount of energy inflow can be controlled to provide a comfortable indoor space, and the cooling load in summer can be significantly reduced, contributing greatly to energy saving.

In addition, if this functional glass is installed closer to the room than the light control layer, the thermotropic material is prevented from being unnecessarily shaded by the radiant heat caused by room heating, and is transparent at an appropriate temperature. It can be configured such that the light state and the light-shielded state are switched autonomously. In a cold area where energy is leaked from the room, the energy flow can be reduced and a comfortable indoor space can be provided, while the cooling load in summer and the heating load in winter can be significantly reduced, greatly contributing to energy saving. In addition, by preventing the light control layer from unnecessarily blocking light during heating, it is possible to secure a field of view and a sense of openness as an opening.

With the configuration according to claim 19, the heat insulating property of the light control glass is further improved by the air layer, which can greatly contribute to energy saving.

By arranging the functional glass such that the low-emissivity film is in contact with the air layer, it is possible to prevent the low-emission film from being damaged by contact with other objects and to make the low-emission film a functional material. Corrosion of the low-emission film due to contact with the surface can be prevented, and the durability of the low-emission film can be improved.

When the thermopick material is used as the functional material as described in claim 21, the solar energy acquisition rate can be adjusted according to the outside air temperature, so that a functional material laminate capable of reducing the cooling / heating load can be realized. By using the functional material having the constituent components as described in claim 22, a functional material laminate having a dimming function can be realized, and the solar energy can be efficiently obtained and suppressed, thereby greatly contributing to energy saving. Contribute.

According to the method of manufacturing a functional material laminate according to the present invention, a closed space having a larger capacity than the functional material to be filled between the substrates is formed between the substrates by the sealing material, and the functional material is filled in the closed spaces. After filling, the inside of the enclosed space is made substantially vacuum, and then the base material is pressed while deforming the sealing material, and the functional material is filled in the enclosed space, so that the liquid like high viscosity liquid or gel Even a plastic functional material can be filled between substrates so that air bubbles are not mixed, and a beautiful functional material laminate without air bubbles can be manufactured.

As set forth in claim 24, in the setting step, if the functional material and the sealing material are attached only to one of the substrates, the functional material and the sealing material can be attached simultaneously in parallel. The manufacturing time of the functional material laminate can be reduced. Also, during the setup process,

As set forth in claim 25, when the functional material is applied to the substrate in a uniform film in the setting step, the distance between the functional material and the sealing material is 5 cm or less. In the setting step, when the functional material is applied to the substrate in the form of dots, lines, or a mixture thereof, there is a distance between adjacent points. If the distance between the lines is set so that the distance between the point and the line is 5 cm or less, air bubbles can be more effectively prevented from being mixed into the functional material.

As described in claim 27, if a spacer is provided at least at least one of the functional material and the sealing material to define the minimum distance between the bases, the necessary minimum thickness of the functional material is secured. Thus, the thickness of the functional material can be set uniformly. In addition, the occurrence of stress concentration at the position corresponding to the spacer of the base can be minimized, and the breakage of the base can be effectively prevented.

As described in claim 28, when the functional material is provided with a spacer and at least one of the bases is laminated with a locking film softer than the spacer, the spacer is formed by the locking film. The movement of the spreader is tightly adhered to, and the thickness of the functional material can be set uniformly, and the locking film acts as a cushioning material, so that the spreader position can be adjusted. The occurrence of stress concentration in the substrate can be reduced, and damage to the substrate due to the stress concentration can be more effectively prevented. Such a locking film can be easily formed by laminating the base material, and the manufacturing process of the functional material laminate does not become complicated.

As described in claim 29, when the spacer is covered with an exterior material made of a soft or plastic material, the spacer can be prevented from settling or floating, and the thickness of the functional material can be set uniformly. In addition, since the exterior material acts as a cushioning material, the occurrence of stress concentration at the spacer position is reduced, and damage to the substrate due to the stress concentration can be more effectively prevented. Further, the gap between the substrates can be set uniformly without being affected by the size or shape of the substrates.

As described in claim 30, in the decompression and adhesion step, when a decompression device having two adjacent decompression tanks, at least a part of which is partitioned by a flexible film, is used, the pressure in the closed space is reduced, and then the pressure is reduced. The ring material is brought into close contact with the substrate in an airtight manner, the membrane is pressed against the substrate as it is, and the functional material is filled in the enclosed space. Since it is possible to perform the operation, the filling operation of the functional material can be performed more efficiently.

As described in claim 31, providing a spacer for preventing deformation or providing a molding die can prevent the side edges of the functional material from becoming thin, and reduce the thickness of the entire functional material to the required thickness. This makes it possible to set the values with high accuracy.

When the sealing material is configured as described in claim 32, it is possible to easily bring the closed space into a substantially vacuum state in the pressure-reducing and contacting step.

According to the structure described in claim 33, since the two substrates can be temporarily bonded with the pre-cured sealing material, the two substrates and the sealing material are hardly displaced even when a large pressure is applied during lamination of the two substrates. Thus, a functional material laminate having excellent dimensional accuracy can be obtained.

Claims

The scope of the claims

1. A liquid or wet gel-like functional material is sealed between at least one or all of the transparent substrates, and spacers are arranged so that the gaps between the substrates are uniform. In the functional material laminate described above, a locking member made of a soft or plastic material is provided between the base and the spacer, and the spacer is fixed between the base by the locking member. Functional material laminate.

2. The functional material according to claim 1, wherein, as the locking member, a locking film softer than a spacer is laminated on a surface of at least one of the bases facing the functional material. Laminate.

3. The functional material laminate according to claim 2, wherein the thickness of the locking film is 30 to 100 m.

4. The functional material laminate according to claim 2, wherein the locking film has an ultraviolet shielding function or an ultraviolet absorbing function.

5. The functional material laminate according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein a main component of the locking film is polyester.

6. The functional material laminate according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein a main component of the locking film is polyethylene terephthalate.

7. The functional material laminate according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the souser is spherical.

8. The particle size of the splicer is larger than the layer thickness of the functional material, and smaller than the sum of the layer thickness of the functional material and the film thickness of the locking film. 8. The functional material laminate according to any one of 2 to 7.

9. The functional material laminate according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein the soother is a glass bead.

10. The functional material laminate according to claim 1, wherein an exterior material made of a soft or plastic material is coated on a spacer as the locking member.

11. The device according to claim 1, wherein the spacer is configured to have a size smaller than a required interval between the substrates, and a minimum interval between the substrates is defined by the spacer. 13. The functional material laminate according to the above item.

12. The specific gravity of the above-mentioned sprinkler is set to 90% to 110% of the specific gravity of the functional material, and the viscosity of the functional material is set to more than 100 Boys. Item 1. The functional material laminate according to any one of Items 1 to 11.

13. A sealing material is disposed between the peripheral portions of the base, and the peripheral portions of the substrates are bonded and fixed by the sealing material, and a functional material is sealed between the substrates. The functional material laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the functional material laminate is formed.

14. At least two sealing materials, a sealing material with excellent gas barrier properties and a sealing material with excellent adhesion to the substrate, are arranged in parallel between the periphery of the base. The functional material laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the functional material laminate is arranged in a manner as described below.

15. As a sealing material, a sealing material containing a saturated hydrocarbon polymer with a molecular weight of 500 to 300,000 containing one or more crosslinkable reactive groups in the molecule as an essential component was used. 14. The functional material laminate according to claim 13, wherein:

16. The functional material laminate according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein a material made of a material that is cured by post-processing is used as the sealing material.

17. The functional material laminate according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein a sealing material containing a reactive silicon group is used as the sealing material. .

18. The functional material is filled with a thermopic pick material that switches between a light-transmitting state and a light-shielding state due to a temperature change between the substrates, and the substrate is disposed outside or inside the room rather than the functional material. The functional material laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein at least one of the functional material laminates is made of a functional glass having a low radiation function.

1 9. An air layer was formed by laminating three or more of the bases and sealing the outer edges of the bases with a sealing material in at least one of the gaps other than the gap between the bases filled with the functional material. The functional material laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that:

20. At least one of the substrates facing the air layer is made of functional glass having a low-emissivity film formed on the surface of the substrate, and the functional glass is arranged such that the low-emission film is in contact with the air layer. 10. The functional material laminate according to claim 19, wherein:

21. A thermopick material that reversibly changes between a cloudy state and a transparent state due to a temperature change as a functioning raw material, according to any one of claims 1 to 20. 9. The functional material laminate according to claim 1.

2. The main constituents of the functional material are a water-soluble polymer compound, a nonionic surfactant and a Z or cloud point controlling substance, and water. 2. The functional material laminate according to item 1.

2 3. A functional material is applied to the bases, and a sealing material is attached to the bases at a height that allows air-tight sealing between the bases with a gap larger than the required gap between the bases. Process

A substrate polymerization step of superimposing the substrates, interposing a functional material and a sealing material between the substrates, and forming a closed space surrounded by the sealing material between the substrates;

Setting the superposed substrates in a reduced-pressure atmosphere to maintain the enclosed space in a substantially vacuum state, and a pressure-reducing adhesion step in which the sealing material is adhered to the substrate so that the enclosed space is airtight.

A pressing step of pressing the base so that the volume of the closed space is substantially the same as the volume of the functional material applied to the base to deform the sealing material and fill the closed space with the functional material;

A method for producing a functional material laminate, comprising:

24. The method for producing a functional material laminate according to claim 23, wherein in the setting step, the functional material and the sealing material are attached to only one of the substrates.

25. In the setting process, the functional material is uniformly applied to the substrate so that the distance between the functional material and the sealing material is 5 cm or less with the substrates superimposed in the substrate polymerization process. 25. The method for producing a functional material laminate according to claim 23, wherein the method is applied in a film form.

26. In the setting process, the force, the distance between adjacent points or the distance between adjacent lines, or the distance between points and lines is applied to the functional material in the form of dots or lines or a mixture thereof. The method for producing a functional material laminate according to any one of claims 23 to 25, wherein the method is applied so that the thickness is 5 cm or less.

27. The spacer according to any one of claims 23 to 26, wherein a spacer is provided on at least one of the functional material and the sealing material for defining a minimum distance between the substrates. A method for producing a functional material laminate.

28. A spacer is provided on the functional material to uniformly set the gap between the bases, and at least one of the bases facing the functional material is softer than the spacer. 28. The method for producing a functional material laminate according to any one of claims 23 to 27, wherein a locking film is laminated.

29. A contractor characterized in that a spreader provided on the functional material is covered with an outer material made of a soft or plastic material, and the spacer is fixed between bases via the outer material. 28. The method for producing a functional material laminate according to claim 27.

30. In the reduced pressure adhesion step, using a decompression device having two adjacent decompression tanks, at least a part of which is separated by a flexible film, set the superimposed substrates in one decompression tank and set both After decompressing the decompression tank to make the enclosed space substantially in a vacuum state, the other decompression tank is subjected to normal pressure or pressure to press the substrate with a film so that the enclosed space is airtight, and the sealing material is applied to the substrate. The method for producing a functional material laminate according to any one of claims 23 to 29, wherein the functional material laminate is adhered.

3 1. The thickness of the base material, which is set approximately equal to the required thickness of the functional material, is set around the substrate set in a vacuum tank of one of the decompression devices to prevent deformation of the side edge of the functional material due to film pressure. 31. The function according to claim 30, wherein a deformation preventing spacer for stopping is provided, or a forming die made of a rigid body along the shape of the base is provided between the film body and the base of the pressure reducing device. A method for producing a conductive material laminate.

32. In the substrate polymerization process, a closed space formed between the substrates communicates with the outside, and in the pressure reduction contacting process, a sealing material is provided in close contact with the substrate so that the closed space is airtight. The method for producing a functional material laminate according to any one of claims 23 to 31, wherein:

33. In the substrate polymerization step, the sealing material is pre-cured before laminating the functional material and the sealing material between the substrates, respectively. The method for producing a functional material laminate according to the above item.