WO1998050222A1 - Plaque amorphe a surface structuree - Google Patents

Plaque amorphe a surface structuree Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998050222A1
WO1998050222A1 PCT/EP1998/002495 EP9802495W WO9850222A1 WO 1998050222 A1 WO1998050222 A1 WO 1998050222A1 EP 9802495 W EP9802495 W EP 9802495W WO 9850222 A1 WO9850222 A1 WO 9850222A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plate
amorphous
calender roll
range
calender
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1998/002495
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ursula Murschall
Rainer Brunow
Werner Kraus
Original Assignee
Aventis Research & Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aventis Research & Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg filed Critical Aventis Research & Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority to AU76500/98A priority Critical patent/AU7650098A/en
Publication of WO1998050222A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998050222A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
    • C08L101/12—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by physical features, e.g. anisotropy, viscosity or electrical conductivity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/22—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length
    • B29C43/222—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length characterised by the shape of the surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/22—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length
    • B29C43/24—Calendering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/16—Cooling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an amorphous plate with a structured surface, the amorphous plate essentially consisting of a crystallizable thermoplastic.
  • the amorphous plate according to the invention has excellent mechanical properties and, in particular, has homogeneous amorphicity over the entire surface area.
  • Amorphous plates with a thickness of 1 to 20 mm which may contain a crystallizable thermoplastic, for example polyethylene terephthalate (PET), as the main constituent, have already been described by the applicant in several German patent applications (German patent applications No. 195 195 79.5, 195 195 78.7, 195 195 77.9, 195 221 18.4, 195 221 20.6, 195 221 19.2, 195 283 36.8, 195 283 34.1, 195 283 33.3)
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • these plates can be colored transparent or covered with colorants such as dyes and pigments. They can also contain one or more UV stabilizers.
  • the crystallizable thermoplastic, for example polyethylene terephthalate, used to produce these plates preferably has a standard viscosity in a range from 800 to 6000.
  • these plates can have a scratch-resistant coating on at least one side. This coating preferably contains silicon and / or acrylic (German Patent Application No. 196 255 34.1).
  • the plates described there are particularly characterized by their smooth, flawless surface and thus excellent optical properties.
  • the plates described there can also be provided with a structured surface by the process according to the invention, so that, in particular with regard to the materials and additives used, these applications are expressly referred to for the present invention is and by quotation these are part of the present application.
  • EP-A-0 471 528 describes a method for molding an article from a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plate.
  • the PET sheet is heat-treated on both sides in a deep-drawing mold in a temperature range between the glass transition temperature and the melting temperature.
  • the molded PET sheet is taken out of the mold when the degree of crystallization of the molded PET sheet is in the range of 25 to 50%.
  • the PET sheets disclosed in EP-A-0 471 528 have a thickness of 1 to 10 mm.
  • US-A-3,496,143 describes the vacuum deep drawing of a 3 mm thick PET sheet, the crystallization of which should be in the range from 5 to 25%.
  • the crystallinity of the deep-drawn molded body is greater than 25%.
  • the Austrian patent specification No. 304 086 describes a process for the production of transparent moldings by the deep-drawing process, a PET plate or film with a degree of crystallinity below 5% being used as the starting material.
  • the plate or film used as the starting material has been produced from a PET with a crystallization temperature of at least 160 ° C. It follows from this relatively high crystallization temperature that this is not a PET homopolymer, but rather glycol-modified PET, or PET-G for short, which is a PET copolymer. In contrast to pure PET, PET-G shows an extremely low tendency to crystallize due to the additional built-in glycol units and is usually in the amorphous state.
  • the structuring of plastic surfaces is known per se and has been used for various materials such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • amorphous plate with a structured surface which essentially consists of a crystallizable thermoplastic, is uniformly structured and, in addition to homogeneous amorphicity, has excellent mechanical properties.
  • amorphous plate is understood to mean those plates which, although the installable thermoplastic preferably has a crystallinity of between 5 and 65%, are not crystalline. Not crystalline, i.e. essentially amorphous means that the degree of crystallinity is generally below 5%, preferably below 2% and particularly preferably 0% and that the plate has essentially no orientation.
  • plates with a thickness of 0.8 mm, in particular of 1 mm and more can be obtained. Even with a thickness of 20 mm, these plates have homogeneous amorphicity over the entire area.
  • the plate After the extrusion, the plate can be provided with an arbitrarily structured surface on one or both sides after the extrusion.
  • the amorphous plate according to the invention can be either single-layer or multi-layer.
  • the plate is constructed from at least one cover layer and at least one core layer. It is essential for this embodiment that the thermoplastic of the core layer has a higher standard viscosity than the thermoplastic of the cover layer (s) which adjoins the core layer.
  • Such plates are e.g. in the applicant's German applications entitled “Multilayer plate made of a crystallizable thermoplastic, process for its production and use” (application number 196 30 597.7), "Multilayered, transparently colored plate made of a crystallizable
  • Thermoplastics (application number 196 30 598.5) and" Multilayer, colored plate made of a crystallizable thermoplastic "(application number 196 30 817.5). These applications are expressly referred to in the present application.
  • crystallizable thermoplastic is understood to mean crystallizable homopolymers, crystallizable copolymers, crystallizable compounds, crystallizable recyclate and other variations of crystallizable thermoplastics.
  • thermoplastics examples include polyalkylene terephthalates with a C1 to C12 alkylene radical, such as polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, polyalkylene naphthalates with a C1 to C12 alkylene radical, such as polyethylene naphthalate and polybutylene naphthalate, crystallizable cycloolefin polymers and cycloolefin copolymers.
  • Thermoplastics with a crystallite melting point T m measured with DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) with a heating rate of 10 ° C / min, from 220 ° C to 260 ° C, preferably from 230 ° C to 250 ° C, with a Crystallization temperature range T c between 75 ° C and 260 ° C, a glass transition temperature T g between 65 ° C and 100 ° C and with a density, measured according to DIN 53479, of 1, 30 to 1, 45 g / cm 3 and a crystallinity between 5% and 65% are preferred polymers as starting materials for the production of the amorphous plate.
  • DSC differential scanning calorimetry
  • thermoplastic with a cold (post) crystallization temperature T CN of 120 to 158 ° C., in particular 130 to 158 ° C., is particularly preferred for the purposes of the invention.
  • the bulk density measured according to DIN 53466, is preferably between 0.75 kg / dm 3 and 1.0 kg / dm 3 , and particularly preferably between 0.80 kg / dm 3 and 0.90 kg / dm 3 .
  • the polydispersity of the thermoplastic MJW ⁇ n measured by means of GPC, is preferably between 1.5 and 6.0 and particularly preferably between 2.0 and 5.0.
  • a particularly preferred crystallizable thermoplastic is polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the polyethylene terephthalate preferably used according to the invention essentially consists of monomer units of the following formula
  • the standard viscosity SV (DCE) of the crystallizable thermoplastic measured in dichloroacetic acid according to DIN 53728, is generally between 800 and 6000, preferably between 950 and 5000 and particularly preferably between 1000 and 4500.
  • thermoplastics used according to the invention can be obtained by customary processes known to the person skilled in the art.
  • thermoplastics as used according to the invention can be obtained by melt polycondensation or by a two-stage polycondensation.
  • the first step is carried out up to an average molecular weight - corresponding to an average intrinsic viscosity IV of about 0.5 to 0.7 - in the melt and the further condensation by means of solid condensation.
  • the polycondensation is usually carried out in the presence of known polycondensation catalysts or catalyst systems.
  • chips made of the thermoplastic are heated to temperatures in the range from 180 to 320 ° C. under reduced pressure or under protective gas until the desired molecular weight is reached.
  • polyethylene terephthalate which is particularly preferred according to the invention, is described in detail in a large number of patent applications, such as in JP-A-60-139 717, DE-C-2 429 087, DE-A-27 07 491, DE -A-23 19 089, DE-A-16 94461, JP-63-41 528, JP-62-39 621, DE-A-41 17
  • Polyethylene terephthalates with particularly high molecular weights can be e.g. by polycondensation of dicarboxylic acid-diol precondensates (oligomers) at elevated temperature in a liquid heat transfer medium in the presence of conventional
  • the liquid heat transfer medium is inert and free of aromatic components and has a boiling point in the range from 200 to 320 ° C
  • the weight ratio of the dicarboxylic acid-diol precondensate (oligomers) to the liquid heat transfer medium in the range from if the liquid heat transfer medium is inert 20:80 to 80:20, and the polycondensation in the boiling reaction mixture in the presence of a Dispersion stabilizer is carried out.
  • the amorphous plate according to the invention with a structured surface can, if desired, also be equipped with suitable additives. Depending on requirements, these additives can be added to the plate individually or as a mixture.
  • Suitable additives are UV stabilizers and antioxidants as described in German patent application No. 195 221 18.4 and the German application by the same applicant with the title 'Polyethylene terephthalate plate with improved hydrolysis stability' (German patent application No. 196 30 599.3). These applications are cited as part of the disclosure content of the present application.
  • Colorants can also be added, e.g. are described in German Patent Applications Nos. 195 19 578.7 and 195 19 577.9.
  • the amorphous plate can additionally contain at least one UV stabilizer as a light stabilizer.
  • Light especially the ultraviolet portion of solar radiation, i.e. the wavelength range from 280 to 400 nm initiate degradation processes in thermoplastics, as a result of which not only the visual appearance changes as a result of color change or yellowing, but also the mechanical-physical properties are adversely affected.
  • a high UV stability means that the plate is not or only slightly damaged by sunlight or other UV radiation, so that the plate is suitable for Suitable for outdoor applications and / or critical indoor applications and shows no or only slight yellowing even after several years of outdoor use.
  • UV stabilizers also called light stabilizers or UV absorbers, are chemical compounds that can intervene in the physical and chemical processes of light-induced degradation.
  • UV absorbers which are preferably used according to the invention are those which cause no or only a slight change in color in the amorphous plate. These include UV stabilizers from the class of organic and organometallic compounds.
  • UV stabilizers suitable for the present invention are 2-hydroxybenzophenones, 2-hydroxybenzotriazoles, organo-nickel compounds, salicylic acid esters, cinnamic acid ester derivatives, resorcinol monobenzoates,
  • Triazines with 2-hydroxybenzotriazoles and triazines being preferred.
  • UV stabilizers Mixtures of several UV stabilizers can also be used.
  • the UV stabilizer is expediently present in a concentration of 0.01% by weight to 8% by weight, and in particular 0.05 to 4% by weight, based on the weight of the thermoplastic.
  • the plate according to the invention can also be equipped with at least one antioxidant.
  • Antioxidants are chemical compounds that can delay the signs of oxidation and hydrolysis and the resulting aging.
  • Antioxidants suitable for the plate according to the invention can be divided as follows:
  • the amorphous plate according to the invention contains a phosphite and / or a phosphonite and / or a carbodiimide as a hydrolysis and oxidation stabilizer.
  • antioxidants used in accordance with the invention are 2 - [(2,4,8,10-tetrakis (1, 1-dimethylethyl) dibenzo [d, f] [1, 3.2] dioxaphosphepin-6-yl] oxy) ethyljethanamine and Tris (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite.
  • the antioxidant is usually present in a concentration of 0.01 to 6% by weight, based on the weight of the thermoplastic.
  • the amorphous plate according to the invention is also suitable for the production of crystallized or partially crystallized moldings.
  • the molded body can be produced using a conventional thermoforming process.
  • the addition of nucleating agents to the amorphous plate has proven to be advantageous.
  • nucleating agent in the thermoforming process must increase the rate of crystallization and ensure that numerous small spherulites are quickly formed.
  • Suitable nucleating agents are, for example, inert, mineral fillers such as silicates with an average particle size of less than 5 ⁇ m and talc, clay,
  • Kaolin mica with average particle sizes of less than 6 ⁇ m
  • metal oxides such as Silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide and magnesium oxide
  • carbonates and sulfates preferably of alkaline earth metals, boron nitride and sodium fluoride with average particle diameters of less than 4 ⁇ m.
  • Organic compounds are also suitable on their own or with insoluble, inert solids such as, for example
  • the additives such as UV stabilizers, colorants, etc. can be dosed in the desired concentration at the raw material manufacturer to the thermoplastic or dosed into the extruder during plate production.
  • the addition of the additives using masterbatch technology is particularly advantageous.
  • the additives are fully dispersed in a solid carrier material.
  • Certain resins, the thermoplastic itself or other polymers which are sufficiently compatible with the thermoplastic are suitable as carriers. It is important that the grain size and bulk density of the masterbatch are similar to the grain size and bulk density of the thermoplastic, so that homogeneous distribution and thus homogeneous stabilization can take place.
  • the amorphous plate according to the invention which optionally contains one or more additives, can be provided on one or more sides with a scratch-resistant surface.
  • US-A-4822828 discloses aqueous radiation-curable coating compositions which, each based on the weight of the dispersion, (A) from 50 to 85% of a silane with vinyl groups, (B) from 15 to 50% of a multifunctional Acrylates and optionally (C) 1 to 3% of a photoinitiator.
  • Ormocere Organic Chemical Modified Ceramics
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • PC polycarbonate
  • the hard coatings are based on Al 2 0 3 , Zr0 2 , Ti0 2 or Si0 2 as network formers and epoxy or methacrylate groups with Si bound by ⁇ Si-C ⁇ compounds.
  • Coating agents for acrylic resin plastics and polycarbonate based on silicone resin in aqueous-organic solution which have a particularly high storage stability, are e.g. in EP-A-0 073 362 and EP-A-0 073 911.
  • This technique uses the condensation products of partially hydrolyzed organosilicon compounds as coating agents, especially for glass and especially for acrylic resin plastics and PC.
  • Acrylic coatings such as e.g. the Uvecryl products from UCB Chemicals.
  • Uvecryl 29203 which is hardened with UV light. This material consists of a mixture of
  • Urethane acrylate oligomers with monomers and additives. Ingredients are approximately 81% acrylate oligomers and 19% hexanediol diacrylate. These coatings are also described for PC and PMMA.
  • CVD or PVD coating technologies using a polymerizing plasma and diamond-like coatings are also described in the literature (thin-film technology, edited by Dr. Hartmut Frey and Dr. Gerhard Kienel, VDI Verlag, Düsseldorf, 1987). These technologies are used here in particular for metals, PC and PMMA.
  • coatings are, for example, Peeraguard from Peerless, Clearlite and Filtalite from Charvo, coating types such as the UVHC series from GE Silicones, Vuegard such as the 900 series from TEC Electrical Components, from the Societe Francaise Hoechst Highlink OG series, PPZ ® products sold by Siber Hegner (manufactured by Idemitsu) and
  • Coating materials from Vianova Resins, Toagoshi, Toshiba or Mitsubishi. These coatings are also described for PC and PMMA.
  • Coating methods known from the literature are e.g. Offset printing, pouring, dipping, flooding, spraying or spraying, knife coating or rolling.
  • Coatings applied by the described methods are then cured, for example by means of UV radiation and / or thermally.
  • a primer e.g. based on acrylate or acrylic latex.
  • CVD processes or vacuum plasma processes e.g. Vacuum plasma polymerization, PVD processes, such as coating with electron beam evaporation, resistance-heated evaporator sources or coating by conventional processes in high vacuum, such as in a conventional metallization.
  • Literature on CVD and PVD is, for example: Modern coating processes by H.-D. Steffens and W. Brandl. DGM Information Society Verlag Oberursel. Other literature on coatings: Thin Film Technology by L. Maissei, R. Glang, McGraw-Hill, New York (1983).
  • Coating systems which are particularly suitable for the purposes of the present invention are systems (1), (2), (4) and (5), with coating system (4) being particularly preferred.
  • the casting, spraying, spraying, dipping and offset processes are also suitable as coating processes, the spraying process being preferred for the coating system (4).
  • curing can take place with UV radiation and / or at temperatures which preferably do not exceed 80 ° C., UV curing being preferred.
  • the coating according to system (4) has the advantage that there is no crystallization which could cause turbidity. Furthermore, the coating shows excellent adhesion, excellent optical properties, very good chemical resistance and does not impair the intrinsic color.
  • the thickness of the scratch-resistant coating is generally between 1 and 50 ⁇ m.
  • the amorphous plate according to the invention which contains a crystallizable thermoplastic such as PET as the main component, has excellent mechanical properties.
  • a n according to Charpy measured according to ISO 179 / 1D
  • the notched impact strength a k according to Izod measured according to ISO 180 / 1A
  • the plate is preferably in the range from 2.0 to 8.0 kJ / m 2 , particularly preferably in the range from 4.0 to 6.0 kJ / m 2nd
  • UV-stabilized plate according to the invention has no visible yellowing and no visible loss of gloss and no visible surface defects even after 5 to 7 years of outdoor use.
  • the plate according to the invention is flame-retardant and does not drip off with very little smoke, so that it is also particularly suitable for indoor applications and trade fair construction.
  • the plate according to the invention can be easily recycled without environmental pollution and loss of the mechanical properties, which is why it is suitable for the production of short-lived advertising signs or others Promotional items are suitable.
  • thermoforming and vacuum forming behavior were found completely unexpectedly.
  • Polycarbonate sheets for example, have to be pre-dried at approx. 125 ° C for 3 to 50 hours, depending on the sheet thickness, before thermoforming.
  • the plate according to the invention can be deformed with very short thermoforming cycle times and at low temperatures during thermoforming. Because of these properties, moldings can be produced economically and with high productivity from the plate according to the invention on conventional thermoforming machines.
  • FIG. 1 shows calender roll arrangements suitable for the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a preferred arrangement of the calender rolls, the melt guide corresponding to the known guide according to the prior art.
  • FIG 3 shows the arrangement according to Figure 2 with the difference that the melt flow corresponds to the inventive method.
  • the amorphous plate can be produced, for example, by an extrusion process known per se in an extrusion line, and in the case of the multi-layer embodiment, for example by a coextrusion process. Both methods are e.g. explained in detail in the aforementioned German patent applications, to which reference has already been expressly made for the present invention.
  • thermoplastic can be dried before extrusion.
  • polyethylene terephthalate can optionally be dried at 160 ° C. to 180 ° C. for 4 to 6 hours before extrusion.
  • the structuring of the amorphous plate according to the invention from a Crystallizable thermoplastics are carried out after the extrusion and shaping by the calender rolls of the calibration tool.
  • the calibration tool used for structuring usually consists of at least 2 calender rolls, preferably 3 or more calender rolls. Examples of suitable calender roller arrangements are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • At least one of the calender rollers has a surface structure (hereinafter also referred to as structure roller) which corresponds to the structure to be produced on the plate.
  • roller No. 2 has a correspondingly structured surface while the surfaces of the other rollers are smooth.
  • roll No. 1 also has a correspondingly structured surface for the example mentioned.
  • the extrusion and the formation of the melt flow can be carried out using the known methods and measures customary for this.
  • the crystallizable thermoplastic used begins to crystallize. This is a major problem in particular in the case of unmodified PET, which is preferably used according to the invention, since unmodified PET already begins to crystallize at relatively low temperatures of approximately 160.degree. This can also result in tensions within the plate, which are disadvantageous for the further processing of the plate.
  • the viscosity of the melt is too high and the contact length between the injection point (8) and the entry into the calender roll nip (10) (see FIGS. 2 and 3) is too great, the shaped melt flow can occur even before entry be hardened in the calender roll nip (10) to such an extent that embossing or structuring of the surface is no longer possible or only incompletely.
  • a targeted pressure build-up in the calender roll nip (10) is also necessary, which is also brought about by adjusting the temperature.
  • This targeted pressure build-up in the nip is achieved by a defined cooling, which at the same time achieves a defined viscosity of the melt.
  • Calender roll gap is injected between calender roll 1 and calender roll 2, but is sprayed onto the calender roll (1) at a certain distance from the point of entry of the melt into the roll gap (10).
  • the distance between the point of entry into the nip (10) and the injection point (8) is referred to as the contact length (7).
  • melt flow must be cooled when entering the calibration tool to a temperature which is in a range between the crystallization temperature T and the glass transition temperature T g of the crystallizable thermoplastic, on the one hand to prevent crystallization and on the other hand to ensure uniform structuring guarantee.
  • Temperature in the range of 80 to 160 ° C, in particular 83 to 140 ° C can be obtained.
  • Such cooling options are ensured according to the invention via the contact length on calender roll 1 before entering the nip, e.g. shown in Figure 3.
  • spraying on the melt at a distance from the entry point has the advantage that air enclosed in the melt has sufficient time to escape before entering the nip. This also contributes significantly to a homogeneous structure.
  • the contact length is between 30 mm and 500 mm, preferably between 50 mm and 400 mm.
  • such rollers offer the Possibility to choose the point of injection far from the gap and to choose a melt spray angle or wrap angle of greater than 25 °, preferably greater than 35 ° and particularly preferably greater than 45 °.
  • the calender roll diameter of the calender rolls 1 and 2 should be
  • the contact length for plates with a thickness of 4 mm or less is usually between 70 and 190 mm and for plate thicknesses of more than 4 mm between 200 mm and 400 mm.
  • thermoplastics especially PET
  • PET have poor thermal conductivity and therefore, especially with thicker sheets
  • the heat contained in the inside of the sheet is only insufficiently released to the outside, the freshly structured surface should emerge after exiting the calender roll nip (10) with the help of intensive cooling on one or both sides be fixed in order to avoid that the still soft structured surface is deformed during further passage through the calender.
  • the fixation can be done with a conventional cooling device such as a blower. Air is preferably used as the cooling medium. However, other media such as spray, e.g. Water aerosol.
  • the structure is fixed between the calender rolls 2 and 3 using conventional cooling media.
  • the structure to be produced can be chosen arbitrarily depending on the intended use of the plate.
  • the roll temperature should be set to the following ranges, in particular in the case of PET:
  • Calender roll 1 40 - 60 ° C
  • Calender roll 2 50 - 70 ° C + 5 ° C
  • Calender roll 3 60 - 80 ° C
  • the polyethylene terephthalate from which the amorphous, transparent, structured, 6 mm thick plate is made has the following properties
  • the polyethylene therephthalate with a crystallinity of 44% is dried in a dryer at 170 ° C. for 5 hours, so that the water content is ⁇ 50 ppm is.
  • the dried PET is then extruded in a single-screw extruder at an extrusion temperature of 284 ° C through a slot die onto the first roller of the smoothing calender, the three rollers of which are arranged in an S-shape, and smoothed into a 6 mm thick, amorphous plate structured on one side.
  • the first calender roll has a surface structure which represents the negative image of the structure to be produced on the plate.
  • the calender rolls 1, 2 and 3 each have a diameter of 490 mm.
  • the contact length of the PET melt on the calender roll 1 is 260 mm and the wrap angle on the calender roll 1 is 55 °.
  • the calender rolls have the following temperatures:
  • the structure produced is fixed with an air blower which is operated with filtered air.
  • the transparent, 6 mm thick, structured PET panel is hemmed, cut to length and stacked with separating saws.
  • the transparent, 6 mm thick plate has a crystallinity of 0%, i.e. the plate is completely amorphous.
  • the plate is characterized by an absolutely homogeneous, leather-like structure.
  • a 6 mm thick PET sheet is produced analogously to Example 1.
  • the contact length on the calender roll 1 is 20 mm and the wrap angle on the calender roll 1 is approximately 10-15 °.
  • the 6 mm thick plate has a strongly inhomogeneous structure and is littered with indentations, which are probably caused by the trapped air.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne une plaque amorphe à surface structurée consistant essentiellement en un thermoplastique cristallisable, ayant une épaisseur comprise entre 0,8 mm et 20 mm et dont le degré de cristallinité est inférieur à 5 %.
PCT/EP1998/002495 1997-05-02 1998-04-28 Plaque amorphe a surface structuree WO1998050222A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU76500/98A AU7650098A (en) 1997-05-02 1998-04-28 Amorphous plate with a structured surface

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19718739A DE19718739A1 (de) 1997-05-02 1997-05-02 Amorphe Platte mit strukturierter Oberfläche
DE19718739.0 1997-05-02

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WO1998050222A1 true WO1998050222A1 (fr) 1998-11-12

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AU (1) AU7650098A (fr)
DE (1) DE19718739A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998050222A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA983661B (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11167465B2 (en) 2017-09-26 2021-11-09 Davis-Standard, Llc Casting apparatus for manufacturing polymer film

Citations (5)

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DE3436065A1 (de) * 1984-10-02 1986-04-17 Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt Opake polypropylenfolie mit lichtdurchlaessigen bereichen, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung
WO1996038287A1 (fr) * 1995-05-29 1996-12-05 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Plaque coloree amorphe en matiere thermoplastique cristallisable
DE19519577A1 (de) * 1995-05-29 1996-12-05 Hoechst Ag Amorphe, eingefärbte Platte aus einem kristallisierbaren Thermoplast
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US11173644B2 (en) 2017-09-26 2021-11-16 Davis-Standard, Llc Casting apparatus for manufacturing polymer film

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