WO1998048325A1 - Method and installation for transferring images on a candle or wax product and resulting products - Google Patents
Method and installation for transferring images on a candle or wax product and resulting products Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998048325A1 WO1998048325A1 PCT/FR1998/000779 FR9800779W WO9848325A1 WO 1998048325 A1 WO1998048325 A1 WO 1998048325A1 FR 9800779 W FR9800779 W FR 9800779W WO 9848325 A1 WO9848325 A1 WO 9848325A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- candle
- image
- electrostatic
- wax object
- receiving support
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/14—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base
- G03G15/16—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer
- G03G15/1625—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer on a base other than paper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
- B44C1/16—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects for applying transfer pictures or the like
- B44C1/165—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects for applying transfer pictures or the like for decalcomanias; sheet material therefor
- B44C1/17—Dry transfer
- B44C1/1712—Decalcomanias applied under heat and pressure, e.g. provided with a heat activable adhesive
- B44C1/1716—Decalcomanias provided with a particular decorative layer, e.g. specially adapted to allow the formation of a metallic or dyestuff layer on a substrate unsuitable for direct deposition
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
- B44C1/18—Applying ornamental structures, e.g. shaped bodies consisting of plastic material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G7/00—Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contact; Manufacture thereof
- G03G7/0093—Image-receiving members, based on materials other than paper or plastic sheets, e.g. textiles, metals
Definitions
- the subject of the present invention is a process for transferring images onto a candle or a wax object, as well as an installation for applying this process and the products obtained.
- Different methods can be used to decorate a candle, ranging from simple dipping in a colored product to manual painting piece by piece, passing through transfer systems similar to decal or offset printing, for example.
- the objective of the present invention is precisely to make it possible to reproduce on the surface of a candle an image of any type, and in particular a color photograph, and this at a reasonable manufacturing cost.
- the method consists in using an electrostatic system for photocopying documents on paper. ordinary without fixing oven, to apply the support carrying the copy not fixed on the surface of the candle and to heat it to a temperature ensuring a surface fusion of this surface as well as of the colored thermoplastic powder used for the reproduction of image on the support, this colored powder thus being largely transferred to the candle.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic section showing the operating principle of an electrostatic reprographic apparatus
- the Figure 2 shows under the same conditions the device used in the context of the present invention
- Figure 3 shows a candle to decorate with the transfer support being put in place
- Figure 4 illustrates the heating phase of the candle coated with the support
- Figure 5 shows a candle after removal of the transfer support.
- thermoplastic powder, or toner, negatively charged and contained in a refillable dispenser 7, is then sprayed uniformly on the drum 5 and reveals the electric latent image by adhering to the negatively charged parts; a powdery image is thus obtained.
- a receiving support 8 generally formed from a sheet of paper, is applied to the selenium surface of the drum and receives an electrical charge. The powdery image is transferred from the selenium to the paper by means of the electric charge which is applied to it and is then fixed by melting it in the frame of this support thanks to an oven 9 through which it passes ( Figure 1) . The reproduction thus obtained is immediate and unalterable.
- the principle is exactly the same, the receiving support 8 however passing over several drums 5 each receiving a toner of different color.
- the support 8 which preferably consists of a sheet of plain paper, is removed directly after passing over the drum 5 and does not pass through the image fixing oven 9.
- a particular reprography system consisting of an electrostatic photocopying apparatus 10 not comprising an oven 9 for fixing the image.
- the face of the support 8 on which the toner has been deposited is applied against the lateral surface of a spark plug 11.
- the support is then heated by means of a hot air generator 12, or by any other suitable means, to a temperature just sufficient to cause the thermoplastic powder and the surface layer of the spark plug 11 to merge, then, after cooling, the support is removed, leaving on the wax surface a reproduction of the image of the original document 3.
- This process makes it possible to reproduce on a candle 11, or an object in wax, any image which can be photocopied, without loss of quality.
- the decoration thus obtained is perfectly stable, the toner and the surface of the candle forming a single layer.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Decoration By Transfer Pictures (AREA)
Abstract
The invention concerns a method which consists in using a document electrostatic photocopying system (3) on ordinary paper without fixing furnace, in applying the medium (8) bearing the unfixed copy on the candle surface and in heating it to a temperature providing a superficial fusion of said surface and coloured thermoplastic powder used to reproduce the image on the medium, said coloured powder being thus transferred for the most part on the candle. This method concerns in particular the manufacturing of decorated candles and tapers, for domestic, professional or even religious purposes.
Description
PROCÉDÉ ET INSTALLATION DE TRANSFERT D'IMAGES SUR UNE BOUGIE OU UN OBJET EN CIRE ET PRODUITS AINSI OBTENUS METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR TRANSFERRING IMAGES TO A CANDLE OR A WAX OBJECT AND PRODUCTS THUS OBTAINED
La présente invention a pour objet un procédé de transfert d'images sur une bougie ou un objet en cire, ainsi qu'une installation d'application de ce procédé et les produits obtenus .The subject of the present invention is a process for transferring images onto a candle or a wax object, as well as an installation for applying this process and the products obtained.
II concerne en particulier le domaine industriel de la fabrication de bougies ou de cierges décorés, destinés aussi bien à un usage domestique que professionnel, ou même religieux.It relates in particular to the industrial field of the manufacture of candles or decorated candles, intended for both domestic and professional use, or even religious use.
Différents procédés peuvent être utilisés pour décorer une bougie, allant du simple trempage dans un produit coloré à la peinture manuelle pièce par pièce, en passant par des systèmes de transferts apparentés à la décalcomanie ou à l'impression de type offset, par exemple.Different methods can be used to decorate a candle, ranging from simple dipping in a colored product to manual painting piece by piece, passing through transfer systems similar to decal or offset printing, for example.
Aucune méthode connue ne permet cependant à ce jour de reproduire à 1 ' idendique sur une bougie une image présentant les caractéristiques d'une photographie monochrome ou en couleurs, sans mettre en oeuvre des moyens complexes exigeant une production en séries importantes pour obtenir des prix non prohibitifs . Or il y a tout lieu de penser que des bougies ou chandelles portant des décors variés de ce type présenteraient un attrait suffisant pour assurer un débouché commercial important.To date, no known method allows an image presenting the characteristics of a monochrome or color photograph to be reproduced identically on a candle, without using complex means requiring production in large series in order to obtain non-uniform prices. prohibitive. However, there is every reason to believe that candles or candles with various decorations of this type would have sufficient appeal to ensure a significant commercial outlet.
L'objectif de la présente invention est précisément de permettre de reproduire sur la surface d'une bougie une image de n'importe quel type, et en particulier une photographie en couleurs, et ceci à un coût de fabrication raisonnable.The objective of the present invention is precisely to make it possible to reproduce on the surface of a candle an image of any type, and in particular a color photograph, and this at a reasonable manufacturing cost.
Le procédé consiste à utiliser un système électrostatique de photocopie de documents sur papier
ordinaire dépourvu de four de fixation, à appliquer le support portant la copie non fixée sur la surface de la bougie et à le chauffer à une température assurant une fusion superficielle de cette surface ainsi que de la poudre thermoplastique colorée utilisée pour la reproduction de l'image sur le support, cette poudre colorée étant ainsi en grande partie transférée sur la bougie .The method consists in using an electrostatic system for photocopying documents on paper. ordinary without fixing oven, to apply the support carrying the copy not fixed on the surface of the candle and to heat it to a temperature ensuring a surface fusion of this surface as well as of the colored thermoplastic powder used for the reproduction of image on the support, this colored powder thus being largely transferred to the candle.
Sur les dessins annexés, donnés à titre d'exemple non limitatif d'une des formes de réalisation de l'objet de l'invention: la figure 1 est une coupe schématique représentant le principe de fonctionnement d'un appareil de reprographie électrostatique, la figure 2 montre dans les mêmes conditions l'appareil utilisé dans le cadre de la présente invention, la figure 3 représente une bougie à décorer avec le support de transfert en cours de mise en place, la figure 4 illustre la phase de chauffage de la bougie revêtue du support et la figure 5 représente une bougie après retrait du support de transfert.In the accompanying drawings, given by way of nonlimiting example of one of the embodiments of the subject of the invention: FIG. 1 is a schematic section showing the operating principle of an electrostatic reprographic apparatus, the Figure 2 shows under the same conditions the device used in the context of the present invention, Figure 3 shows a candle to decorate with the transfer support being put in place, Figure 4 illustrates the heating phase of the candle coated with the support and Figure 5 shows a candle after removal of the transfer support.
Les appareils de photocopie électrostatiques les plus répandus actuellement utilisent le procédé connu sous le nom de "xérographie" mis au point par la société américaine RANK XEROX.The most widespread electrostatic photocopying devices currently use the process known as "xerography" developed by the American company RANK XEROX.
Ce procédé se caractérise notamment par la possibilité de copie sur papier ordinaire et par son aptitude à permettre de grands tirages. La "xérographie", employée depuis 1946, permet d'obtenir des copies sur du papier ordinaire non traité. Elle consiste, au moyen d'un dispositif optique 1 et d'un ou plusieurs miroirs mobiles 2, à projeter l'image du document original 3, éclairé par une source lumineuse 4 appropriée, sur un tambour 5 rotatif recouvert de sélénium, préalablement chargé d'électricité statique positive au moyen d'un filament porté à haute tension souvent appelé "corona" 6. Le
tambour, intensément éclairé, libère sa charge électrostatique, à l'exception des parties restées dans l'ombre qui correspondent au document à reproduire. Une poudre thermoplastique, ou toner, chargée négativement et contenue dans un distributeur 7 rechargeable, est ensuite projetée uniformément sur le tambour 5 et révèle l'image latente électrique en adhérant aux parties chargées négativement ; une image poudreuse est ainsi obtenue. Un support récepteur 8, généralement formé d'une feuille de papier, est appliqué sur la surface de sélénium du tambour et reçoit une charge électrique. L'image poudreuse est transférée du sélénium sur le papier au moyen de la charge électrique qui lui est appliquée et est ensuite fixée en la faisant fondre dans la trame de ce support grâce à un four 9 dans lequel passe celui-ci (figure 1). La reproduction ainsi obtenue est immédiate et inaltérable.This process is characterized in particular by the possibility of copying on plain paper and by its ability to allow large runs. "Xerography", used since 1946, makes it possible to obtain copies on plain untreated paper. It consists, by means of an optical device 1 and one or more mobile mirrors 2, in projecting the image of the original document 3, lit by an appropriate light source 4, on a rotary drum 5 covered with selenium, previously charged of positive static electricity by means of a filament brought to high tension often called "corona" 6. The drum, intensely lit, releases its electrostatic charge, with the exception of the parts which remain in the shade which correspond to the document to be reproduced. A thermoplastic powder, or toner, negatively charged and contained in a refillable dispenser 7, is then sprayed uniformly on the drum 5 and reveals the electric latent image by adhering to the negatively charged parts; a powdery image is thus obtained. A receiving support 8, generally formed from a sheet of paper, is applied to the selenium surface of the drum and receives an electrical charge. The powdery image is transferred from the selenium to the paper by means of the electric charge which is applied to it and is then fixed by melting it in the frame of this support thanks to an oven 9 through which it passes (Figure 1) . The reproduction thus obtained is immediate and unalterable.
Pour la reproduction d'images en couleur (non représentée), le principe est exactement le même, le support récepteur 8 passant toutefois sur plusieurs tambours 5 recevant chacun un toner de couleur différente.For the reproduction of color images (not shown), the principle is exactly the same, the receiving support 8 however passing over several drums 5 each receiving a toner of different color.
Dans le procédé selon l'invention, le support 8, qui consiste de préférence en une feuille de papier ordinaire, est retiré directement après passage sur le tambour 5 et ne passe pas par le four 9 de fixation de l'image. Pour obtenir ce résultat, on peut avantageusement utiliser un système de reprographie particulier consistant en un appareil de photocopie 10 électrostatique ne comportant pas de four 9 de fixation de l'image. La face du support 8 sur laquelle a été déposé le toner est appliquée contre la surface latérale d'une bougie 11. Le support est alors chauffé au moyen d'un générateur d'air chaud 12, ou par tout autre moyen adéquat, à une température juste suffisante pour provoquer la fusion de la poudre thermoplastique et de la couche superficielle de la bougie 11 puis, après refroidissement, le support est retiré, laissant sur la surface de cire une reproduction de 1 ' image du document original 3.
Ce processus permet de reproduire sur une bougie 11, ou un objet en cire, n'importe quelle image pouvant être photocopiée, sans perte de qualité. Le décor ainsi obtenu est parfaitement stable, le toner et la surface de la bougie formant une seule et même couche.In the method according to the invention, the support 8, which preferably consists of a sheet of plain paper, is removed directly after passing over the drum 5 and does not pass through the image fixing oven 9. To obtain this result, it is advantageous to use a particular reprography system consisting of an electrostatic photocopying apparatus 10 not comprising an oven 9 for fixing the image. The face of the support 8 on which the toner has been deposited is applied against the lateral surface of a spark plug 11. The support is then heated by means of a hot air generator 12, or by any other suitable means, to a temperature just sufficient to cause the thermoplastic powder and the surface layer of the spark plug 11 to merge, then, after cooling, the support is removed, leaving on the wax surface a reproduction of the image of the original document 3. This process makes it possible to reproduce on a candle 11, or an object in wax, any image which can be photocopied, without loss of quality. The decoration thus obtained is perfectly stable, the toner and the surface of the candle forming a single layer.
Les différentes opérations peuvent aisément être réalisées manuellement, de façon artisanale, ce qui permet la réalisation de pièces uniques à la demande. Ces opérations peuvent également être automatisées au moyen d'une installation comportant des mécanismes connus assurant la manipulation des bougies 11, l'application et l'extraction du support 8, ainsi que des moyens de pilotage de l'appareil 10 de reprographie, de ces mécanismes et du système de chauffage 12.The various operations can easily be carried out manually, in an artisanal way, which allows the production of unique pieces on request. These operations can also be automated by means of an installation comprising known mechanisms ensuring the manipulation of the spark plugs 11, the application and the extraction of the support 8, as well as means for controlling the reprographic apparatus 10, these heating systems 12.
Le positionnement des divers éléments constitutifs donne à l'objet de l'invention un maximum d'effets utiles qui n'avaient pas été, à ce jour, obtenus par des procédés similaires.
The positioning of the various constituent elements gives the object of the invention a maximum of useful effects which had not, to date, been obtained by similar methods.
Claims
REVENDICATIONS
1°. Procédé de transfert d'images sur une bougie ou un objet en cire, permettant la fabrication artisanale ou industrielle de bougies ou de cierges décorés, destinés aussi bien à un usage domestique que professionnel , caractérisé en ce qu'un système électrostatique de reprographie (10) est utilisé pour transférer l'image d'un document (3) sur un support récepteur (8) qui ne passe pas par un four de fixation (9), ledit support récepteur, portant la copie non fixée de l'image à reproduire, étant ensuite appliqué sur la surface d'une bougie (11) ou d'un objet en cire, et chauffé grâce à un moyen de chauffage (12) à une température assurant une fusion superficielle de cette surface ainsi que de la poudre colorée utilisée pour la reproduction de l'image sur le support récepteur (8), de manière à ce que ladite poudre thermoplastique soit en grande partie transférée sur la bougie ou l'objet en cire et ne forme qu'une seule et même couche avec la surface de ladite bougie ou dudit objet en cire, ledit support récepteur étant retiré après refroidissement.1 °. Method for transferring images onto a candle or a wax object, allowing the artisanal or industrial production of decorated candles or candles, intended for both domestic and professional use, characterized in that an electrostatic reprographic system (10 ) is used to transfer the image of a document (3) onto a receiving medium (8) which does not pass through a fixing oven (9), said receiving medium carrying the non-fixed copy of the image to be reproduced , then being applied to the surface of a candle (11) or a wax object, and heated by means of heating means (12) to a temperature ensuring a surface fusion of this surface as well as of the colored powder used for reproducing the image on the receiving support (8), so that said thermoplastic powder is largely transferred to the candle or the wax object and forms only one and the same layer with the surface of said b ougie or said wax object, said receiving support being removed after cooling.
2°. Procédé selon la revendication 1, se caractérisant par le fait que le système électrostatique de reprographie (10) employé est un appareil permettant la reproduction des couleurs grâce à l'utilisation de plusieurs poudres thermoplastiques de couleurs différentes .2 °. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the electrostatic reprographic system (10) used is an apparatus allowing color reproduction by the use of several thermoplastic powders of different colors.
3°. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, se caractérisant par le fait que le système électrostatique de reprographie (10) employé est un appareil spécial ne comportant pas de four (9) de fixation de l'image.
4°. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, se caractérisant par le fait que le moyen de chauffage (12) utilisé est un générateur d'air chaud.3 °. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrostatic reprographic system (10) used is a special device not comprising an oven (9) for fixing the image. 4 °. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating means (12) used is a generator of hot air.
5°. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, se caractérisant par le fait que l'ensemble des opérations sont automatisées au moyen d'une installation comportant des mécanismes connus assurant la manipulation des bougies (11), l'application et l'extraction du support récepteur (8), ainsi que des moyens de pilotage du système électrostatique reprographie (10), desdits mécanismes et du moyen de chauffage (12).5 °. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that all of the operations are automated by means of an installation comprising known mechanisms ensuring the manipulation of the candles (11), the application and the extraction of the receiver support (8), as well as means for controlling the reprographic electrostatic system (10), said mechanisms and the heating means (12).
6°. Installation de transfert d'images sur une bougie ou un objet en cire, permettant l'application du procédé selon les revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte un système électrostatique de reprographie (10) ne comportant pas de four de fixation (9), apte à transférer l'image d'un document (3) sur un support récepteur (8) consistant en une feuille de papier, ainsi qu'un moyen de chauffage (12) tel qu'un générateur d'air chaud permettant de porter ledit support récepteur appliqué sur la surface de la bougie (11) ou de l'objet en cire à une température assurant une fusion superficielle de cette surface ainsi que de la poudre thermoplastique colorée utilisée pour la reproduction de l'image sur ledit support récepteur, de manière à ce que ladite poudre soit en grande partie transférée sur la bougie ou l'objet en cire et ne forme qu'une seule et même couche avec la surface de ladite bougie ou dudit objet en cire.6 °. Installation for transferring images to a candle or a wax object, allowing the application of the method according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an electrostatic reprography system (10) not comprising a fixing oven (9 ), capable of transferring the image of a document (3) onto a receiving support (8) consisting of a sheet of paper, as well as a heating means (12) such as a hot air generator making it possible to bringing said receiving support applied to the surface of the candle (11) or of the wax object to a temperature ensuring a surface fusion of this surface as well as of the colored thermoplastic powder used for the reproduction of the image on said receiving support , so that said powder is largely transferred to the candle or the wax object and forms only one and the same layer with the surface of said candle or said wax object.
7°. Installation selon la revendication 6, se caractérisant par le fait qu'elle est automatisée à l'aide de mécanismes connus assurant la manipulation des bougies (11), l'application et l'extraction du support récepteur (8), ainsi que de moyens de pilotage du système
électrostatique reprographie (10), desdits mécanismes et du moyen de chauffage (12).7 °. Installation according to claim 6, characterized in that it is automated using known mechanisms ensuring the manipulation of the candles (11), the application and the extraction of the receiving support (8), as well as means system management electrostatic reprography (10), said mechanisms and heating means (12).
8°. Objet en cire tel que bougie ou chandelle, caractérisé en ce que sa surface porte un décor consistant en la reproduction d'un 'document (3) obtenue au moyen d'un système électrostatique de reprographie (10) dans lequel l'image formée sur le support récepteur (8) n'est pas fixée, celui-ci étant appliqué sur ledit objet en cire et chauffé de manière à ce que la poudre thermoplastique colorée utilisée pour la reproduction de l'image sur ledit support récepteur soit en grande partie transférée sur l'objet en cire et ne forme qu'une seule et même couche avec la surface dudit objet en cire.
8 °. Wax object such as candle or candle, characterized in that its surface carries a decoration consisting of the reproduction of a 'document (3) obtained by means of an electrostatic reprographic system (10) in which the image formed on the receiving support (8) is not fixed, the latter being applied to said wax object and heated so that the colored thermoplastic powder used for the reproduction of the image on said receiving support is largely transferred on the wax object and forms only one and the same layer with the surface of said wax object.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR9704989A FR2762410A1 (en) | 1997-04-17 | 1997-04-17 | METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR TRANSFERRING IMAGES ON A CANDLE OR A WAX OBJECT AND PRODUCTS THUS OBTAINED |
FR97/04989 | 1997-04-17 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1998048325A1 true WO1998048325A1 (en) | 1998-10-29 |
Family
ID=9506203
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/FR1998/000779 WO1998048325A1 (en) | 1997-04-17 | 1998-04-17 | Method and installation for transferring images on a candle or wax product and resulting products |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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FR (1) | FR2762410A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998048325A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6544302B2 (en) | 1999-06-01 | 2003-04-08 | Bush Boake Allen | Composite candle compositions |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3349069A1 (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2018-07-18 | Felicio Conte | Equipment and printing method on any kind of support |
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WO1998023453A1 (en) * | 1996-11-29 | 1998-06-04 | Bubeck, Oliver | Method for printing objects with colour motifs |
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1997
- 1997-04-17 FR FR9704989A patent/FR2762410A1/en active Pending
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6544302B2 (en) | 1999-06-01 | 2003-04-08 | Bush Boake Allen | Composite candle compositions |
US6551365B2 (en) | 1999-06-01 | 2003-04-22 | Bush Boake Allen | Composite candle compositions |
Also Published As
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