WO1998047513A1 - Utilisation des antagonistes du recepteur de nk-1 dans le traitement des troubles alimentaires - Google Patents

Utilisation des antagonistes du recepteur de nk-1 dans le traitement des troubles alimentaires Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998047513A1
WO1998047513A1 PCT/GB1998/001161 GB9801161W WO9847513A1 WO 1998047513 A1 WO1998047513 A1 WO 1998047513A1 GB 9801161 W GB9801161 W GB 9801161W WO 9847513 A1 WO9847513 A1 WO 9847513A1
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Prior art keywords
phenyl
alkyl
group
hydrogen
substituted
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PCT/GB1998/001161
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English (en)
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Franz F. Hefti
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Merck Sharp & Dohme Limited
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Priority claimed from GBGB9708289.5A external-priority patent/GB9708289D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9721265.8A external-priority patent/GB9721265D0/en
Application filed by Merck Sharp & Dohme Limited filed Critical Merck Sharp & Dohme Limited
Priority to JP54529098A priority Critical patent/JP2001524960A/ja
Priority to AU70657/98A priority patent/AU744261B2/en
Priority to CA002287487A priority patent/CA2287487A1/fr
Priority to EP98917425A priority patent/EP0977572A1/fr
Publication of WO1998047513A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998047513A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
    • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
    • A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
    • A61K31/4035—Isoindoles, e.g. phthalimide
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
    • A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
    • A61K31/404—Indoles, e.g. pindolol
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/438—The ring being spiro-condensed with carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
    • A61K31/451—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine having a carbocyclic group directly attached to the heterocyclic ring, e.g. glutethimide, meperidine, loperamide, phencyclidine, piminodine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
    • A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/4545—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pipamperone, anabasine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
    • A61K31/4709—Non-condensed quinolines and containing further heterocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
    • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
    • A61K31/5377—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. timolol
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/66—Phosphorus compounds
    • A61K31/675—Phosphorus compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pyridoxal phosphate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the treatment or prevention of eating disorders by the administration of a NK-1 receptor antagonist, optionally in combination with an anorectic agent.
  • Eating disorders commonly arise through an imbalance in a subject's appetite, or desire to eat. It is recognised that appetite is influenced by the interaction of central and peripheral systems, most likely acting through the effects of neuropeptides on the so-called feeding and saiety centres in the hypothalamus region of the brain. For instance, neuropeptides released by the gut in response to a meal may serve to modulate the intake of further food.
  • Alterations of appetite may lead to eating disorders including obesity, bulimia nervosa, and compulsive eating disorders.
  • Obesity is a chronic disease that is highly prevalent in modern society and is associated not only with a social stigma, but also with decreased life span and numerous medical problems, including adverse psychological development, reproductive disorders such as polycystic ovarian disease, dermatological disorders such as infections, varicose veins, Acanthosis nigricans, and eczema, exercise intolerance, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cholelithiasis, osteoarthritis, orthopedic injury, thromboembolic disease, cancer, and coronary heart disease. Rissanen et al, British Medical Journal, 301:835-837 (1990).
  • Bulimia nervosa is characterised by recurrent episodes of overeating, or binges, followed by severe dieting often associated with self- induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives or diuretics, or excessive exercise to avoid weight gain. Frequent vomiting or purging may result in electrolyte disturbances and erosion of dental enamel.
  • Complusive eating disorders may or may not be associated with other neurological disorders.
  • One well characterised compulsive eating disorder is Prader-Willi syndrome, a congential disorder characterised by infantile hypotonia, hypogonadism and facial dysmorphism, with subsequent development of hyperplagia and abnormalities of behaviour and intellect.
  • Treatment regimens for eating disorders typically include the use of anorectic agents, such as amphetamine derivatives.
  • anorectic agents such as amphetamine derivatives.
  • jo-Chloroamphetamine and other halogenated amphetamines promote serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) release from platelets and neurons.
  • a rapid release of serotonin is followed by a prolonged and selective depletion of serotonin in the brain.
  • the most widely used example of this class of compound is fenfluramine and its (S)-isomer, dexfenfluramine.
  • fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine are both useful in the treatment of bulimia nervosa and obesity, and fenfluramine has also produced promising results in the management of Prader-Willi syndrome.
  • Neurokinin 1 (NK-1; substance P) receptor antagonists are being developed for the treatment of a number of physiological disorders associated with an excess or imbalance of tachykinins, and in particular substance P. Examples of such conditions include disorders of the central nervous system such as anxiety, depression and psychosis (see, for instance, International (PCT) patent specification Nos. WO 95/16679, WO 95/18124 and WO 95/23798).
  • NK-1 receptor antagonists are effective in the treatment of eating disorders, as evidenced by their activity in vivo in a model of diet-induced obesity.
  • a combination of an anorectic agent with a NK-1 receptor antagonist may provide an enhanced anorectic effect. They may also provide for a rapid onset of action to combat eating disorders thereby enabling prescription on an "as-needed" basis.
  • a particularly preferred class of NK-1 receptor antagonists of use in the present invention are those which are able to cross the blood-brain barrier, otherwise known as CNS- or brain-penetrant compounds. The present invention accordingly provides the use of a NK-1 receptor antagonist for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of eating disorders.
  • the present invention also provides a method for the treatment or prevention of eating disorders, which method comprises administration to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of a NK-1 receptor antagonist.
  • a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prevention of eating disorders comprising a NK-1 receptor antagonist, together with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
  • a NK-1 receptor antagonist for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of obesity.
  • the present invention also provides a method for the treatment or prevention of obesity, which method comprises administration to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of a NK-1 receptor antagonist.
  • a NK-1 receptor antagonist for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of bulimia nervosa.
  • the present invention also provides a method for the treatment or prevention of bulimia nervosa, which method comprises administration to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of a NK-1 receptor antagonist.
  • a NK-1 receptor antagonist for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of compulsive eating disorders.
  • the present invention also provides a method for the treatment or prevention of compulsive eating disorders, which method comprises administration to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of a NK-1 receptor antagonist.
  • a NK-1 receptor antagonist for the manufacture of a medicament for reducing the total body fat mass in an obese mammal, especially a human.
  • the present invention also provides a method for reducing the total body fat mass in an obese mammal, especially a human, which method comprises administration to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of a NK-1 receptor antagonist.
  • the present invention further provides the use of a NK-1 receptor antagonist and an anorectic agent for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of eating disorders.
  • the present invention also provides a method for the treatment or prevention of eating disorders, which method comprises administration to a patient in need of such treatment an amount of a NK-1 receptor antagonist and an amount of an anorectic agent, such that together they give effective relief.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a NK-1 receptor antagonist and an anorectic agent, together with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
  • the NK-1 receptor antagonist and anorectic agent may be present as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use for the treatment or prevention of eating disorders. Such combined preparations may be, for example, in the form of a twin pack.
  • a product comprising a NK-1 receptor antagonist and an anorectic agent as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in the treatment or prevention of eating disorders.
  • the use of a NK-1 receptor antagonist and an anorectic agent for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of obesity is also provides a method for the treatment or prevention of obesity, which method comprises administration to a patient in need of such treatment an amount of a NK-1 receptor antagonist and an amount of an anorectic agent, such that together they give effective relief.
  • NK-1 receptor antagonist and anorectic agent may be present as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use for the treatment or prevention of obesity.
  • Such combined preparations may be, for example, in the form of a twin pack.
  • a product comprising a NK-1 receptor antagonist and an anorectic agent as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in the treatment or prevention of obesity.
  • a NK-1 receptor antagonist and an anorectic agent for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of bulimia nervosa.
  • the present invention also provides a method for the treatment or prevention of bulimia nervosa, which method comprises administration to a patient in need of such treatment an amount of a NK-1 receptor antagonist and an amount of an anorectic agent, such that together they give effective relief.
  • the NK-1 receptor antagonist and anorectic agent may be present as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use for the treatment or prevention of bulimia nervosa. Such combined preparations may be, for example, in the form of a twin pack.
  • a product comprising a NK-1 receptor antagonist and an anorectic agent as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in the treatment or prevention of bulimia nervosa.
  • a NK-1 receptor antagonist and an anorectic agent for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of compulsive eating disorders.
  • the present invention also provides a method for the treatment or prevention of compulsive eating disorders, which method comprises administration to a patient in need of such treatment an amount of a NK-1 receptor antagonist and an amount of an anorectic agent, such that together they give effective relief.
  • NK-1 receptor antagonist and anorectic agent may be present as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use for the treatment or prevention of compulsive eating disorders.
  • Such combined preparations may be, for example, in the form of a twin pack.
  • a product comprising a NK-1 receptor antagonist and an anorectic agent as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in the treatment or prevention of compulsive eating disorders.
  • a NK-1 receptor antagonist and an anorectic agent for the manufacture of a medicament for reducing the total body fat mass in an obese mammal, especially a human.
  • the present invention also provides a method for reducing the total body fat mass in an obese mammal, especially a human, which method comprises administration to a patient in need of such treatment an amount of a NK-1 receptor antagonist and an amount of an anorectic agent, such that together they give effective relief.
  • NK-1 receptor antagonist and anorectic agent may be present as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use for reducing the total body fat mass in an obese mammal, especially a human.
  • Such combined preparations may be, for example, in the form of a twin pack.
  • a product comprising a NK-1 receptor antagonist and an anorectic agent as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in reducing the total body fat mass in an obese mammal, especially a human.
  • both the NK-1 receptor antagonist and the anorectic agent will be administered to a patient, within a reasonable period of time.
  • the compounds may be in the same pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and therefore administered simultaneously. They may be in separate pharmaceutical carriers such as conventional oral dosage forms which are taken simultaneously.
  • the term "combination" also refers to the case where the compounds are provided in separate dosage forms and are administered sequentially. Therefore, by way of example, the anorectic agent may be administered as a tablet and then, within a reasonable period of time, the NK-1 receptor antagonist may be administered either as an oral dosage form such as a tablet or a fast-dissolving oral dosage form.
  • a “fast dissolving oral formulation” is meant, an oral delivery form which when placed on the tongue of a patient, dissolves within about 10 seconds.
  • “reasonable period of time” is meant a time period that is not in excess of about 1 hour. That is, for example, if the anorectic agent is provided as a tablet, then within one hour, the NK-1 receptor antagonist should be administered, either in the same type of dosage form, or another dosage form which provides effective delivery of the medicament.
  • the compositions of the present invention are useful for the prevention or treatment of eating disorders.
  • eating disorders includes obesity, bulimia nervosa and compulsive eating disorders.
  • obesity refers to a condition whereby a mammal has a Body Mass Index (BMI), which is calculated as weight per height squared (kg/m 2 ), of at least 25.9. Conventionally, those persons with normal weight, have a BMI of 19.9 to less than 25.9.
  • BMI Body Mass Index
  • the obesity herein may be due to any cause, whether genetic or environmental.
  • disorders that may result in obesity or be the cause of obesity include overeating and bulimia, polycystic ovarian disease, craniopharyngioma, the Prader-Willi Syndrome, Frohlich's syndrome, Type II diabetes, GH-deficient subjects, normal variant short stature, Turner's syndrome, and other pathological conditions showing reduced metabolic activity or a decrease in resting energy expenditure as a percentage of total fat-free mass, e.g, children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
  • Treatment refers to reducing the BMI of the mammal to less than about 25.9, and maintaining that weight for at least 6 months.
  • the treatment suitably results in a reduction in food or calorie intake by the mammal.
  • Prevention refers to preventing obesity from occurring if the treatment is administered prior to the onset of the obese condition. Moreover, if treatment is commenced in already obese subjects, such treatment is expected to prevent, or to prevent the progression of, the medical sequelae of obesity, such as, e.g., arteriosclerosis, Type II diabetes, polycycstic ovarian disease, cardiovascular diseases, osteoarthritis, dermatological disorders, hypertension, insulin resistance, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and cholelithiasis.
  • this invention relates to the inhibition and/or complete suppression of lipogenesis in obese mammals, i.e., the excessive accumulation of lipids in fat cells, which is one of the major features of human and animal obesity, as well as loss of total body weight.
  • the invention ameliorates the conditions that are a consequence of the disease, such as preventing or arresting the progression of polycystic ovarian disease so that the patient is no longer infertile, and increasing the insulin sensitivity and/or decreasing or eliminating the need or usage of insulin in a diabetic patient, e.g., one with adult-onset diabetes or Type II diabetes.
  • mammals include animals of economic importance such as bovine, ovine, and porcine animals, especially those that produce meat, as well as domestic animals, sports animals, zoo animals, and humans, the latter being preferred.
  • compositions of the present invention are especially useful for the treatment of or prevention of eating disorders where the use of an anorectic agent is generally prescribed.
  • an anorectic agent is generally prescribed.
  • Suitable anoretic agents of use in the combinations of the present invention include, but are not limited to, aminorex, amphechloral, amphetamine, benzphetamine, chlorphentermine, clobenzorex, cloforex, clominorex, clortermine, cyclexedrine, dexfenfluramine, dextroamphetamine, diethylpropion, diphemethoxidine, N- ethylamphetamine, fenbutrazate, fenfluramine, fenisorex, fenproporex, fludorex, fluminorex, furfurylmethylamphetamine, levamfetamine, levophacetoperane, mazindol, mefenorex, metamfepramone, methamphetamine, norpseudoephedrine, pentorex, phendimetrazine, phenmetrazine, phentermine, phenylpropan
  • anorectic agents include amphetamine and derivatives thereof such as amphetamine, benzphetamine, chlorphentermine, clobenzorex, cloforex, clotermine, dexfenfluramine, dextroamphetamine, diethylpropion, N-ethylamphetamine, fenfluramine, fenproporex, furfurylmethylamphetamine, levamfetamine, mefenorex, metamfepramone, methamphetamine, norpseudoephedrine, pentorex, phendimetrazine, phenmetrazine, phentermine, phenylpropanolamine, picilorex and sibutramine; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • amphetamine and derivatives thereof such as amphetamine, benzphetamine, chlorphentermine, clobenzorex, cloforex, clotermine, dexfenfluramine, dex
  • a particularly suitable class of anorectic agent are the halogenated amphetamine derivatives, including chlorphentermine, cloforex, clortermine, dexfenfluramine, fenfluramine, picilorex and sibutramine; and pharmaceutically acceptble salts thereof;
  • halogenated amphetamine derivatives of use in the present invention include: fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • Another particularly preferred anorectic agent is phentermine.
  • NK-1 receptor antagonists of use in the present invention are described in published European Patent Specification Nos. 0 360 390, 0 394 989, 0 429 366, 0 443 132, 0 482 539, 0 512 901, 0 512 902, 0 514 273, 0 514 275, 0 517 589, 0 520 555, 0 522 808, 0 528 495, 0 532 456, 0 533 280, 0 536 817, 0 545 478, 0 577 394, 0 590 152, 0 599 538, 0 610 793, 0 634 402, 0 686 629, 0 693 489, 0 694 535, 0 699 655, 0 699 674, 0 707 006, 0 708 101, 0 714 891, 0 723 959, 0 733 632 and 0 776 893; and in International Patent Specification Nos
  • NK-1 receptor antagonists are those described in European Patent Specification No. 0 577 394, i.e. compounds of formula (I):
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of:
  • heterocycle wherein the heterocycle is selected from the group consisting of:
  • heterocylcle is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituent(s) selected from: (i) Ci-ealkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with halo, -CF3,
  • R 9 is as defined above;
  • R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of:
  • R 1 and R 2 may be joined together to form a heterocyclic ring selected from the group consisting of: (a) pyrrolidinyl, (b) piperidinyl,
  • R 2 and R 3 may be joined together to form a heterocyclic ring selected from the group consisting of: (a) pyrrolidinyl, (b) piperidinyl,
  • Ci-ealkyl (i) Ci-ealkyl, (ii) oxo, (iii) Ci-calkoxy,
  • X is selected from the group consisting of:
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of: (1)
  • alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of the substituents selected from: (a) hydroxy,
  • R 5 is selected from the group consisting of: (1) phenyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of Ru, R i2 and R 13 ; (2) Ci-salkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of the substituent(s) selected from:
  • R G , R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from the group consisting of: (1) hydrogen; (2) Ci- ⁇ alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of the substituents selected from:
  • Y is selected from the group consisting of: (1) a single bond,
  • R 15 and R i6 are independently selected from the group consisting of:
  • Ci-ealkyl unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of the substituents selected from: (i) hydroxy,
  • Z is selected from:
  • R is selected from the group consisting of:
  • Ci- ⁇ alkyl substituted with one or more of the substituents selected from:
  • heterocycle wherein the heterocycle is selected from the group consisting of:
  • Ci- ⁇ alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with halo, -CF 3 , -OCH3, or phenyl
  • R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of: (1) hydrogen;
  • X is - 0-
  • R 5 is phenyl, unsubstituted or substituted with halo;
  • R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from the group consisting of: (1) hydrogen,
  • NK-1 receptor antagonists are those described in International (PCT) Patent Specification No. WO 95/18124, i.e. compounds of formula (II):
  • R i is hydrogen, halogen, Ci- ⁇ alkyl, d-ealkoxy, CF 3) NO2, CN, SR a , SOR a , SO 2 R a , CO 2 R a , CONR a R b , C 2 -6alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl or C 1 . 4 alkyl substituted by C ⁇ - 4 alkoxy, where R a and R b each independently represent hydrogen or Cj.. alkyl;
  • R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, Ci-ealkyl, Ci-ealkoxy substituted by Ci. 4 alkoxy or CF3;
  • R 3 is hydrogen, halogen or CF3
  • R 4 is hydrogen, halogen, Ci- ⁇ alkyl, Ci- ⁇ alkoxy, CF 3 , N0 2 , CN, SR a , SOR a , SO 2 R a , CO 2 R a , CONR a R b , or C ⁇ . alkyl substituted by Ci- alkoxy, where R a and R b each independently represent hydrogen or Ci- alkyl;
  • R 5 is hydrogen, halogen, Ci-ealkyl, Ci-ealkoxy substituted by C ⁇ - alkoxy or CF3;
  • R 6 is a 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclic ring containing 2 or
  • R 7 is hydrogen, C ⁇ - alkyl, C3-7cycloalkyl or C3-7cycloalkylCi- 4 alkyl, or C 2 - alkyl substituted by C ⁇ -4alkoxy or hydroxyl;
  • R 8 is hydrogen, C ⁇ .
  • R 7 , R 8 and the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a non-aromatic azabicyclic ring system of 6 to 12 ring atoms; or Z, R 7 and the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a heteroaliphatic ring of 4 to 7 ring atoms which may optionally contain an oxygen ring atom;
  • R 9a and R 9b are each independently hydrogen or Ci- alkyl, or R 9a and R 9b are joined so, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, there is formed a C5-7 ring;
  • X is an alkylene chain of 1 to 4 carbon atoms optionally substituted by oxo
  • Y is a C ⁇ - 4 alkyl group optionally substituted by a hydroxyl group; with the proviso that if Y is C ⁇ - 4 alkyl, R 6 is susbstituted at least by a group of formula ZNR 7 R 8 as defined above.
  • Particularly preferred compounds of formula (II) are those of formula (Ila) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:
  • a 1 is fluorine or CF3
  • a 2 is fluorine or CF3
  • a 3 is fluorine or hydrogen; and X, Y and R 6 are as defined in relation to formula (II).
  • Particularly preferred compounds of formula (II) include: 2-(R)-(l-(R)-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethoxy)-4-(5-(dimethylamino) methyl-l,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl-3-(S)-phenylmorpholine; 2-(R)-(l-(R)-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethoxy)-4-(5-(dimethylamino) methyl-l,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl-3-(S)-(4-fluorophenyl)morpholine; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • NK-1 receptor antagonists are those described in European Patent Specification No. WO 95/23798, i.e. compounds of formula (III):
  • R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of:
  • Ci-ealkyl unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of the substituents selected from: (a) hydroxy,
  • R 2 and R 3 may be joined together to form a heterocyclic ring selected from the group consisting of:
  • R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from the group consisting of:
  • Ci- ⁇ alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of the substituents selected from: (a) hydroxy,
  • R U , R i2 and R i3 are independently selected from the definitions of R 6 , R 7 and R 8 , or -OX;
  • A is selected from the group consisting of:
  • Ci- ⁇ alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of the substituents selected from:
  • B is a heterocycle, wherein the heterocycle is selected from the group consisting of:
  • heterocycle may be substituted in addition to -X with one or more substituent(s) selected from:
  • Ci- ⁇ alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with halo, -CF 3 , -OCH3, or phenyl
  • p is 0 or 1;
  • X is selected from:
  • Y is selected from the group consisting of:
  • R 15 and R 1G are independently selected from the group consisting of: (a) Ci- ⁇ alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of the substituents selected from:
  • Z is selected from:
  • R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of:
  • R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from the group consisting of:
  • Ru, R i2 and R X3 are independently selected from the group consisting of: (1) fluoro, (2) chloro,
  • A is unsubstituted l-ealkyl
  • B is selected from the group consisting of:
  • p is 0 or 1;
  • X is selected from:
  • R 5 is selected from the group consisting of:
  • Y is -O-
  • Z is hydrogen or Ci-calkyl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • Particularly preferred compounds of formula (III) include:
  • NK-1 receptor antagonists are those described in European Patent Specification No. WO 96/05181, i.e. compounds of formula (IV):
  • X is a group of the formula ⁇ R 6 R 7 or a C- or N-linked imidazolyl ring;
  • Y is hydrogen or C 1 . 4 alkyl optionally substituted by a hydroxy group
  • R is hydrogen, halogen, d-ealkyl, d-ealkoxy, CF 3 , NO 2 , CN, SR a , SOR a , SO 2 R a , CO 2 R a , CONR a R b , C ⁇ alkenyl, C 2 -Galkynyl or d- alkyl substituted by d- alkoxy, wherein R a and R b each independently represent hydrogen or C ⁇ - alkyl;
  • R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, d- ⁇ alkyl, Ci-ealkoxy substituted by Ci- alkoxy or CF 3 ;
  • R 3 is hydrogen, halogen or CF3;
  • R 4 is hydrogen, halogen, d-ealkyl, C 1 .6alkoxy, hydroxy, CF 3 , NO2,
  • R 5 is hydrogen, halogen, Ci-Galkyl, d-6alkoxy substituted by C ⁇ _ 4 alkoxy or CF 3 ;
  • R G is hydrogen, d-Galkyl, C 3 -7cycloalkyl, C3-7cycloalkylC ⁇ - alkyl, phenyl, or C2-4alkyl substituted by Ci- 4 alkoxy or hydroxy;
  • R 7 is hydrogen, d-ealkyl, C 3 . 7 cycloalkyl, C 3 -7cycloalkylC ⁇ -4alkyl, phenyl, or C 2 . alkyl substituted by one or two substituents selected from Ci- 4 alkoxy, hydroxy or a 4, 5 or 6 membered heteroaliphatic ring containing one or two heteroatoms selected from N, O and S; or R 6 and R 7 , together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a saturated or partially saturated heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7 ring atoms, which ring may optionally contain in the ring one oxygen or sulphur atom or a group selected from NR 8 , S(O) or S(O)2 and which ring may be optionally substituted by one or two groups selected from hydroxyC 1 .
  • R 8 is hydrogen, d- 4 alkyl, hydroxy Ci- alkyl or d-4alkoxyd.4alkyl; and R 9a and R 9b are each independently hydrogen or C 1 . alkyl, or R 9a and
  • R 9b are joined so, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, there is formed a C5-7 ring; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • Particularly preferred compounds of formula (IV) are those of formula (IVa) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:
  • a 1 is fluorine or CF3;
  • a 2 is fluorine or CF3;
  • a 3 is fluorine or hydrogen; and X and Y are as defined in relation to formula (I).
  • NK-1 receptor antagonists of use in the present invention is that described in European Patent Specification No.
  • Y is (CH 2 )n wherein n is an integer from 1 to 4, and wherein any one of the carbon-carbon single bonds in said (CH2)n may optionally be replaced by a carbon-carbon double bond, and wherein any one of the carbon atoms of said (CH2)n may optionally be substituted with R 4 , and wherein any one of the carbon atoms of said (CH2)n may optionally be substituted with R 7 ;
  • Z is (CH2)m wherein m is an integer from 0 to 6, and wherein any one of the carbon-carbon single bonds of (CH2) may optionally be replaced by a carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon triple bond, and any one of the carbon atoms of said (CH 2 ) m may optionally be substituted with R 8 ;
  • R i is hydrogen or Ci-salkyl optionally substituted with hydroxy, C ⁇ - 4 alkoxy or fluoro;
  • R 2 is a radical selected from hydrogen, d-e straight or branched alkyl, C3-7cycloalkyl wherein one of the CH 2 groups in said cycloalkyl may optionally be replaced by NH, oxygen or sulphur; aryl selected from phenyl and naphthyl; heteroaryl selected from indanyl, thienyl, furyl, pyridyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl and quinolyl; phenyl- C2-6alkyl, benzhydryl and benzyl, wherein each of said aryl and heteroaryl groups and the phenyl moieties of said benzyl, phenyl - C 2 -6 lkyl and benzhydr
  • R 4 and R 7 are each independently selected from hydroxy, halogen, halo, amino, oxo, cyano, methylene, hydroxymethyl, halomethyl, Ci-ealkylamino, di-d-ealkylamino, Ci-ealkoxy, C ⁇ -6alkyl-O-CO, Ci-ealkyl-O-CO-d-ealkyl, Ci-ealkyl-CO-O, Ci-ealkyl-CO-Ci-ealkyl-O-, Ci-ealkyl-CO-, Ci-Galkyl-CO-d-ealkyl, and the radicals set forth in the definition of R 2 ;
  • Ro is -NHCOR 9 , -NHCH2R 9 , SO2R 8 or one of the radicals set forth in any of the definitions of R 2 , R 4 and R 7 ;
  • R 9 is Ci-ealkyl, hydrogen, phenyl or phenylC ⁇ -6alkyl; with the proviso that (a) when m is 0, R 8 is absent, (b) when R 4 , R G , R 7 or R 8 is as defined in R 2 , it cannot form together with the carbon to which it is attached ,a ring with R 5 , and (c) when R 4 and R 7 are attached to the same carbon atom, then either each of R 4 and R 7 is independently selected from hydrogen, fluoro and Ci-ealkyl, or R 4 and R 7 , together with the carbon to which they are attached, for a C3-6 saturated carbocyclic ring that forms a spiro compound with the nitrogen-containing ring to which they are attached.
  • a particularly preferred compound of formula (V) is (2S,3S)-cis-3-(2- methoxybenzylamino)-2-phenylpiperidine; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • NK-1 receptor antagonists of use in the present invention is that described in International Patent Specification No. WO 93/21155, i.e. compounds of formula (VI):
  • radicals R are phenyl radicals optionally 2- or 3-substituted by a halogen atom or a methyl radical;
  • R i is optionally substituted phenyl, cyclohexadienyl, naphthyl, indenyl or optionally substituted heterocycle;
  • R 2 is H, halogen, OH, alkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, alkyloxy, alkylthio, acyloxy, carboxy, optionally substituted alkyloxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, amino or acylamino;
  • R 3 is optionally 2-substituted phenyl;
  • R 4 is OH or fluorine when R 5 is H; or R 4 and R 5 are OH ; or R 4 and R 5 together form a bond.
  • a particularly preferred compound of formula (VI) is (3aS, 4S, 7aS)- 7,7-diphenyl-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(2S)-(2-methoxyphenyl)propionyl] perhydroisoindol-4-ol; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Another class of NK-1 receptor antagonists of use in the present invention is that described in European Patent Specification No. 0 591 040, i.e. compounds of formula (VII):
  • Ar represents an optionally substituted mono-, di- or tricyclic aromatic or heteroaromatic group
  • T represents a bond, a hydroxymethylene group, a C ⁇ - 4 alkoxymethylene group or a Ci-salkylene group
  • Ar' represents a phenyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents selected from halogen, preferably chlorine or fluorine, trifluoromethyl, d- 4 alkoxy, C ⁇ - 4 alkyl where the said substituents may be the same or different; a thienyl group; a benzothienyl group; a naphthyl group; or an indolyl group;
  • R represents hydrogen, C ⁇ . alkyl, ⁇ -C ⁇ . alkoxyC ⁇ - alkyl, or ⁇ - C 2 - 4 alkanoyloxy C2-4alkyl;
  • Q represents hydrogen; or Q and R together form a 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene or 1,4- butylene group;
  • Am + represents the radical
  • a particularly preferred compound of formula (VII) is (+) l-[2-[3- (3,4-dichlorophenyl)-l-[(3-isopropoxyphenyl)acetyl]-3-piperidinyl]ethyl]-4- phenyl-l-azabicyclo[2,2,2]octane; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, especially the chloride, thereof.
  • Another class of NK-1 receptor antagonists of use in the present invention is that described in European Patent Specification No. 0 532 456, i.e. compounds of formula (VIII):
  • R i represents an optionally substituted aralkyl, aryloxyalykl, heteroaralkyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, aralkanoyl, heteroarylalkanoyl, aralkoxycarbonyl or arylcarbamoyl group or the acyl group of an ⁇ -amino acid optionally N-substituted by a lower alkanoyl or carbamoyl-lower alkanoyl group;
  • R 2 represents cycloalkyl or an optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl group;
  • R 3 represents hydrogen, alkyl, carbamoyl or an alkanoyl or alkenoyl group optionally substituted by carboxy or esterified or amidated carboxy;
  • R 4 represents an optionally substituted aryl group or an optionally partially saturated heteroaryl group
  • Xi represents methylene, ethylene, a bond, an optionally ketalised carbonyl group or an optionally etherified hydroxymethylene group;
  • X2 represents alkylene, carbonyl or a bond
  • X3 represents carbonyl, oxo-lower alkyl, oxo(aza)-lower alkyl, or an alkyl group optionally substituted by phenyl, hydroxymethyl, optionally esterified or amidated carboxy, or (in other than the ⁇ -position) hydroxy.
  • a particularly preferred compound of formula (VIII) is (2R * , 4S * )-2- benzyl-l-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-N-(4-quinolinylmethyl)-4-piperidineamine; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Another class of NK-1 receptor antagonists of use in the present invention is that described in European Patent Specification No. 0 443 132, i.e. compounds of formula (IX)
  • R 1 is aryl, or a group of the formula:
  • X is CH or N; and Z is O or N-R 5 , in which R 5 is hydrogen or lower alkyl;
  • R 2 is hydroxy or lower alkoxy
  • R 3 is hydrogen or optionally substituted lower alkyl
  • R 4 is optionally substituted ar(lower)alkyl
  • A is carbonyl or sulfonyl; and Y is a bond or lower alkenylene.
  • a particularly preferred compound of formula (IX) is the compound of formula (IXa)
  • NK-1 receptor antagonists of use in the present invention is that described in International Patent Specification No. WO 92/17449, i.e. compounds of the formula (X)
  • R 1 is aryl selected from indanyl, phenyl and naphthyl; heteroaryl selected from thienyl, furyl, pyridyl and quinolyl; and cycloalkyl having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, wherein one of said carbon atoms may optionally be replaced by nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur; wherein each of said aryl and heteroaryl groups may optionally be substituted with one or more substituents, and said C3-7cycloalkyl may optionally be substituted with one or two substituents, said substituents being independently selected from chloro, fluoro, bromo, iodo, nitro, Ci-ioalkyl optionally substituted with from one to three fluoro groups, Ci-ioalkoxy optionally substituted with from one to three fluoro groups, amino, Ci-ioalkyl-S-, C ⁇ -!oalkyl-S(O)-, C ⁇ - ⁇ oalkyl-SO 2 -, phenyl
  • R 2 is thienyl, benzhydryl, naphthyl or phenyl optionally substituted with from one to three substituents independently selected from chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, cycloalkoxy having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, Ci-ioalkyl optionally substituted with from one to three fluoro groups and Ci-ioalkoxy optionally substituted with from one to three fluoro groups.
  • a particularly preferred compound of formula (X) is (2S,3S)-3-(2- methoxy-5-trifluoromethoxybenzyl)-amino-2-phenylpiperidine; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Another class of NK-1 receptor antagonists of use in the present invention is that described in International Patent Specification No. WO 95/08549, i.e. compounds of formula (XI) '
  • R i is a C ⁇ . alkoxy group
  • R 2 is
  • R 3 is a hydrogen or halogen atom
  • R 4 and R 5 may each independently represent a hydrogen or halogen atom, or a C ⁇ - 4 alkyl, C ⁇ - 4 alkoxy or trifluoromethyl group
  • R 6 is a hydrogen atom, a C ⁇ - 4 alkyl, (CH2) m cyclopropyl, -S(0) n C ⁇ - 4 alkyl, phenyl, NR 7 R 8 , CH 2 C(O)CF 3 or trifluoromethyl group;
  • R 7 and R 8 may each independently represent a hydrogen atom, or a C ⁇ - 4 alkyl or acyl group; x represents zero or 1; n represents zero, 1 or 2; and m represents zero or 1.
  • Particularly preferred compounds of formula (XI) are (2-methoxy-5- tetrazol-l-yl-benzyl)-([2 ⁇ S,3S]-2-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-amine; and [2- methoxy-5-(5-trifluoromethyl-tetrazol-l-yl)-benz3 ]-([2S,3S , ]-2-phenyl- piperidin-3-yl)-amine; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Another class of tachykinin antagonists of use in the present invention is that described in International Patent Specification No. WO 95/14017, i.e. compounds of formula (XII)
  • R is phenyl, 2- or 3-indolyl, 2- or 3-indolinyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, or naphthyl; which R groups may be substituted with one or two halo, C ⁇ - 3 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, C ⁇ - 4 alkyl, phenyl-C ⁇ -3alkoxy, or C ⁇ - 4 alkanoyl groups;
  • R i is trityl, phenyl, diphenylmethyl, phenoxy, phenylthio, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, indolinyl, indolyl, benzothienyl, hexamethyleneiminyl, benzofuranyl, tetrahydropyridinyl,
  • R x groups may be substituted with halo, C ⁇ - 4 alkyl, C ⁇ - 4 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, amino, C ⁇ - 4 alkylamino, di(C ⁇ - 4 alkyl)amino, or C 2 - 4 alkanoylamino ; or any one of which R 1 groups may be substituted with phenyl, piperazinyl, C 3 - 8 cycloalkyl, benzyl, C ⁇ -4alkyl, piperidinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, C 2 -Galkanoylamino, pyrrolidinyl, d-ealkanoyl, or C ⁇ - 4 alkoxycarbonyl; any one of which groups may be substituted with halo, d.
  • R 5 is pyridyl, anilino-(C ⁇ - 3 alkyl)-, or anilinocarbonyl;
  • R 2 is hydrogen, d-4alkyl, C ⁇ -4alkylsulfonyl, carboxy-(C ⁇ - 3 alkyl)-, Ci-salkoxycarbonyMCi-salkyi)-, or -CO-R 6 ;
  • R 6 is hydrogen, C ⁇ -4alkyl, C ⁇ -3haloalkyl, phenyl, C ⁇ - 3 alkoxy, C ⁇ - 3 hydroxyalkyl, amino, C ⁇ - 4 alkylamino, di(C ⁇ - 4 alkyl)amino, or -(CH 2 ) q -R 7 ; q is zero to 3;
  • R 7 is carboxy, C ⁇ - 4 alkoxycarbonyl, C ⁇ . 4 alkylcarbonyloxy, amino, C ⁇ - alkylamino, di(C ⁇ - alkyl)amino, Ci-ealkoxycarbonylamino, or phenoxy, phenylthio, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, indolinyl, indolyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, quinolinyl, phenyl-(C ⁇ - 4 alkyl)-, quinolinyl- (C ⁇ .
  • R 7 groups may be substituted with phenyl, piperazinyl, C 3 - 8 cycloalkyl, benzyl, piperidinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, d ealkanoyl, or C ⁇ - 4 alkoxycarbonyl; any of which groups may be substituted with halo, trifluoromethyl, amino, d- 4 alkoxy, C ⁇ - 4 alkyl, d- 4 alkylamino, di(C ⁇ -4alkyl)amino, or C 2 . alkanoylamino ;
  • R 8 is hydrogen or Ci-ealkyl
  • R 3 is phenyl, phenyl-(C ⁇ -6alkyl)-, C 3 -8cycloalkyl, Cs-scycloalkenyl,
  • R 4 is hydrogen or C ⁇ -3alkyl; with the proviso that if R i is hydrogen or halo, R 3 is phenyl, phenyl-(d-6alkyl)-, C3-8cycloalkyl, Cs-scycloalkenyl, or naphthyl.
  • a particularly preferred compound of formula (XII) is [N-(2- methoxybenzyl)acetylamino]-3-(lH-indol-3-yl)-2-[N-(2-(4-piperidin-l- yl)piperidin-l-yl)acetylamino]propane; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the preferred stereochemistry of the ⁇ -carbon is either (R) when the substituent is an alkyl (e.g. methyl) group or (S) when the substituent is a hydroxyalkyl (e.g. hydroxymethyl) group.
  • suitable alkyl groups include straight-chained and branched alkyl groups containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Typical examples include methyl and ethyl groups, and straight - chained or branched propyl and butyl groups. Particular alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.
  • suitable alkenyl groups include straight-chained and branched alkenyl groups containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Typical examples include vinyl and allyl groups.
  • suitable alkynyl groups include straight-chained and branched alkynyl groups containing from 2 to 6 - carbon atoms. Typical examples include ethynyl and propargyl groups.
  • suitable cycloalkyl groups include groups containing from 3 to 7 carbon atoms. Particular cycloalkyl groups are cyclopropyl and cyclohexyl. Unless otherwise defined herein, suitable aryl groups include phenyl and naphthyl groups.
  • a particular aryl-C 1 6 alkyl, e.g. phenyl-Ci-ealkyl, group is benzyl.
  • suitable heteroaryl groups include pyridyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyranyl, furyl, benzofuryl, thienyl, benzthienyl, imidazolyl, oxadiazolyl and thiadiazolyl groups.
  • halogen as used herein includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
  • the compounds of use in this invention may have one or more asymmetric centres and can therefore exist as enantiomers and possibly as diastereoisomers. It is to be understood that the present invention relates to the use of all such isomers and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the NK-1 receptor antagonists of use in the present invention include acid addition salts which may, for example, be formed by mixing a solution of the compound with a solution of a pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acid such as hydrochloric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, carbonic acid, phosphoric acid or sulphuric acid.
  • Salts of amine groups may also comprise the quaternary ammonium salts in which the amino nitrogen atom carries an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aralkyl group.
  • the present invention also contemplates salts thereof, preferably non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, such as the sodium, potassium and calcium salts thereof.
  • Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the anorectic agent of use in the combinations of the present invention include those salts described above in relation to the salts of NK-1 receptor antagonists.
  • the present invention accordingly provides the use of a NK-1 receptor antagonist selected from the compounds of formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI) and (XII), for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of eating disorders.
  • the present invention also provides a method for the treatment or prevention of eating disorders, which method comprises administration to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of a NK-1 receptor antagonist selected from the compounds of formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI) and (XII).
  • a NK-1 receptor antagonist selected from the compounds of formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI) and (XII).
  • a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prevention of eating disorders comprising a NK-1 receptor antagonist selected from the compounds of formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI) and (XII), together with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
  • a NK-1 receptor antagonist selected from the compounds of formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI) and (XII), together with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
  • the NK-1 receptor antagonist selected from the compounds of formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI) and (XII) may be used in combination with an anorectic agent, present as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use for the treatment or prevention of eating disorders.
  • Such combined preparations may be, for example, in the form of a twin pack.
  • a product comprising a NK-1 receptor antagonist selected from the compounds of formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI) and (XII) and an anorectic agent as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in the treatment or prevention of eating disorders.
  • the present invention accordingly provides the use of a NK-1 receptor antagonist selected from the compounds of formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI) and (XII) and a - halogenated amphetamine derivative for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of eating disorders.
  • a NK-1 receptor antagonist selected from the compounds of formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI) and (XII) and a - halogenated amphetamine derivative for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of eating disorders.
  • the present invention also provides a method for the treatment or prevention of eating disorders, which method comprises administration to a patient in need of such treatment an amount of a NK-1 receptor antagonist selected from the compounds of formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI) and (XII) and a halogenated amphetamine derivative such that together they give effective relief.
  • a NK-1 receptor antagonist selected from the compounds of formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI) and (XII) and a halogenated amphetamine derivative such that together they give effective relief.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a NK-1 receptor antagonist selected from the compounds of formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI) and (XII) and a halogenated amphetamine derivative together with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
  • a NK-1 receptor antagonist selected from the compounds of formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI) and (XII) and a halogenated amphetamine derivative together with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
  • a product comprising a NK-1 receptor antagonist selected from the compounds of formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI) and (XII) and a halogenated amphetamine derivative as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in the treatment or prevention of eating disorders.
  • a NK-1 receptor antagonist selected from the compounds of formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI) and (XII) and a halogenated amphetamine derivative as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in the treatment or prevention of eating disorders.
  • halogenated amphetamine derivatives are selected from the group consisting of fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine.
  • the present invention accordingly provides the use of a NK-1 receptor antagonist selected from the compounds of formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI) and (XII) and a halogenated amphetamine derivative selected from the group consisting of fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of eating disorders.
  • the present invention also provides a method for the treatment or prevention of eating disorders, which method comprises administration to a patient in need of such treatment an amount of a NK-1 receptor antagonist selected from the compounds of formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI) and (XII) and an amount of a halogenated amphetamine derivative selected from the group consisting of fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine, such that together they give effective relief.
  • a NK-1 receptor antagonist selected from the compounds of formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI) and (XII) and an amount of a halogenated amphetamine derivative selected from the group consisting of fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine, such that together they give effective relief.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a NK-1 receptor antagonist selected from the compounds of formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI) and (XII) and a halogenated amphetamine derivative selected from the group consisting of fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine, together with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
  • a NK-1 receptor antagonist selected from the compounds of formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI) and (XII) and a halogenated amphetamine derivative selected from the group consisting of fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine, together with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
  • a product comprising a NK-1 receptor antagonist selected from the compounds of formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI) and (XII) and a halogenated amphetamine derivative selected from the group consisting of fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine, as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in the treatment or prevention of eating disorders.
  • a NK-1 receptor antagonist selected from the compounds of formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI) and (XII) and a halogenated amphetamine derivative selected from the group consisting of fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine, as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in the treatment or prevention of eating disorders.
  • the NK-1 receptor antagonist and the anorectic agent may be formulated in a single pharmaceutical composition or alternatively in individual pharmaceutical compositions for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in accordance with the present invention.
  • the compositions according to the present invention are in unit dosage forms such as tablets, pills, capsules, powders, granules, solutions or suspensions, or suppositories, for oral, parenteral or rectal administration, by inhalation or insufflation or administration by trans - dermal patches or by buccal cavity absorption wafers.
  • Oral dosage forms are particularly preferred (e.g. tablets, capsules, pills or wafers).
  • the principal active ingredient is mixed with a pharmaceutical carrier, e.g.
  • a solid preformulation composition containing a homogeneous mixture of a compound of the present invention, or a non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • preformulation compositions as homogeneous, it is meant that the active ingredient is dispersed evenly throughout the composition so that the composition may be readily subdivided into equally effective unit dosage forms such as tablets, pills and capsules.
  • This solid preformulation composition is then subdivided into unit dosage forms of the type described above containing from 0.1 to about 500 mg of the active ingredient of the present invention.
  • the tablets or pills of the novel composition can be coated or otherwise compounded to provide a dosage form affording the advantage of prolonged action.
  • the tablet or pill can comprise an inner dosage and an outer dosage component, the latter being in the form of an envelope over the former.
  • the two components can be separated by an enteric layer which serves to resist disintegration in the stomach and permits the inner component to pass intact into the duodenum or to be delayed in release.
  • enteric layers or coatings such materials including a number of polymeric acids and mixtures of polymeric acids with such materials as shellac, cetyl alcohol and cellulose acetate.
  • liquid forms in which the novel compositions of the present invention may be incorporated for administration orally or by injection include aqueous solutions, suitably flavoured syrups, aqueous or oil suspensions, and flavoured emulsions with edible oils such as cottonseed oil, sesame oil, coconut oil, peanut oil or soybean oil, as well as elixirs and similar pharmaceutical vehicles.
  • Suitable dispersing or suspending agents for aqueous suspensions include synthetic and natural gums such as tragacanth, acacia, alginate, dextran, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone or gelatin.
  • compositions for administration by injection include those comprising a NK-1 receptor antagonist as the active ingredient, in association with a surface-active agent (or wetting agent or surfactant) or in the form of an emulsion (as a water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsion).
  • a surface-active agent or wetting agent or surfactant
  • Suitable surface-active agents include, in particular, non-ionic agents, such as polyoxyethylenesorbitans (e.g. TweenTM 20, 40, 60, 80 or 85) and other sorbitans (e.g. SpanTM 20, 40, 60, 80 or 85).
  • Compositions with a surface -active agent will conveniently comprise between 0.05 and 5% surface-active agent, and preferably between 0.1 and 2.5%. It will be appreciated that other ingredients may be added, for example mannitol or other pharmaceutically acceptable vehicles, if necessary.
  • Suitable emulsions may be prepared using commercially available fat emulsions, such as IntralipidTM, LiposynTM, InfonutrolTM, ipofundinTM and LipiphysanTM.
  • the active ingredient may be either dissolved in a pre- mixed emulsion composition or alternatively it may be dissolved in an oil (e.g. soybean oil, safflower oil, cottonseed oil, sesame oil, corn oil or almond oil) and an emulsion formed upon mixing with a phospholipid (e.g. egg phospholipids, soybean phospholipids or soybean lecithin) and water.
  • an oil e.g. soybean oil, safflower oil, cottonseed oil, sesame oil, corn oil or almond oil
  • a phospholipid e.g. egg phospholipids, soybean phospholipids or soybean lecithin
  • other ingredients may be added, for example glycerol or glucose, to adjust the tonicity of the emulsion.
  • Suitable emulsions will typically contain up to 20% oil, for example, between 5 and 20%.
  • the fat emulsion will preferably comprise fat droplets between 0.1 and l.O ⁇ m, particularly 0.1 and 0.5 ⁇ m, and have a pH in the range of 5.5 to 8.0.
  • Particularly preferred emulsion compositions are those prepared by mixing a NK-1 receptor antagonist selected from the compounds of formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI) and (XII) with IntralipidTM or the components thereof (soybean oil, egg phospholipids, glycerol and water).
  • compositions for inhalation or insufflation include solutions and suspensions in pharmaceutically acceptable, aqueous or organic solvents, or mixtures thereof, and powders.
  • the liquid or solid compositions may contain suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients as set out above.
  • the compositions are administered by the oral or nasal respiratory route for local or systemic effect.
  • Compositions in preferably sterile pharmaceutically acceptable solvents may be nebulised by use of inert gases. Nebulised solutions may be breathed directly from the nebulising device or the nebulising device may be attached to a face mask, tent or intermittent positive pressure breathing machine.
  • Solution, suspension or powder compositions may be administered, preferably orally or nasally, from devices which deliver the formulation in an appropriate manner.
  • compositions of the present invention may also be presented for administration in the form of trans-dermal patches using conventional technology.
  • the compositions may also be administered via the buccal cavity using, for example, absorption wafers.
  • the present invention further provides a process for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a NK-1 receptor antagonist and an anorectic agent, which process comprises bringing a NK-1 receptor antagonist and an anorectic agent, into association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
  • the NK-1 receptor antagonist and an anorectic agent When administered in combination, either as a single or as separate pharmaceutical composition(s), the NK-1 receptor antagonist and an anorectic agent, are presented in a ratio which is consistent with the manifestation of the desired effect.
  • the ratio by weight of the NK-1 receptor antagonist and the anorectic agent will suitably be between 0.001 to 1 and 1000 to 1, and especially between 0.01 to 1 and 100 to 1.
  • a suitable dosage level for the NK-1 receptor antagonist about 0.05 to 1500mg per day, preferably about 0.25 to 1500mg per day, and especially about 0.25 to 500mg/kg per day.
  • the compounds may be administered on a regimen of up to 6 times per day, preferably 1 to 4 times per day, especially 1 or 2 times daily.
  • a suitable dosage level for the anorectic agent is about 0.5 to 1500mg per day, preferably about 2.5 to lOOOmg per day, and especially about 2.5 to 500mg per day.
  • the compounds may be administered on a regimen of up to 6 times per day, preferably 1 to 4 times per day, especially 1 or 2 times daily.
  • the amount of the NK-1 receptor antagonist and (where present) the anorectic agent required for use in the treatment or prevention of eating disorders will vary not only with the particular compounds or compositions selected but also with the route of administration, the nature of the condition being treated, and the age and condition of the patient, and will ultimately be at the discretion of the patient's physician or pharmacist.
  • the compounds of formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI) and (XII) may be prepared by the methods described in EP-A-0 577 394 (or WO 95/16679), WO 95/18124, WO 95/23798, WO 96/05181, EP-A-0 436 334, WO 93/21155, EP-A-0 591 040, EP-A-0 532 456, EP-A-0 443 132, WO 92/17449, WO 95/08549 and WO 95/14017, respectively.
  • NK-1 receptor antagonists of the formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XI) and (XII) for use in the present invention are compounds which are potent NK-1 receptor antagonists, i.e. compounds with an NK-1 receptor affinity (ICso) of less than lOOnM.
  • ICso NK-1 receptor affinity
  • IC50 NK-1 receptor affinity
  • Especially preferred NK-1 receptor antagonists of use in the present invention are orally active, long acting, CNS-penetrant NK-1 receptor antagonists, identified using a combination of the following assays:
  • NK-1 Receptor binding NK-1 receptor binding assays are performed in intact Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing the human NK-1 receptor using a modification of the assay conditions described by Cascieri et al, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1992, 42, 458. Typically, the receptor is expressed at a level of 3xl0 5 receptors per cell. Cells are grown in monolayer culture, detached from the plate with enzyme-free dissociation solution (Speciality Media Inc.), and washed prior to use in the assay.
  • I-Tyr 8 -substance P (O.lnM, 2000Ci/mmol; New England Nuclear) is incubated in the presence or absence of test compounds (dissolved in 5 ⁇ l dimethylsulphoxide, DMSO) with 5xl0 4 CHO cells.
  • Ligand binding is performed in 0.25ml of 50mM Tris-HCl, pH7.5, containing 5mM MnCl 2 , 150mM NaCl, 0.02% bovine serum albumin (Sigma), 50 ⁇ g/ml chymostatin (Peninsula), O.lnM phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride, 2 ⁇ g/ml pepstatin, 2 ⁇ g/ml leupeptin and 2.8 ⁇ g/ml furoyl saccharine.
  • the incubation proceeds at room temperature until equilibrium is achieved (>40 minutes) and the receptor-ligand complex is harvested by filtration over GF/C filters pre-soaked in 0.1% polyethylenimine using a Tomtek 96-well harvester. Non-specific binding is determined using excess substance P (l ⁇ M) and represents ⁇ 10% of total binding.
  • ASSAY 2 Gerbil Foot-Tapping
  • CNS-penetrant NK-1 receptor antagonists for use in the present invention can be identified by their ability to inhibit foot tapping in gerbils induced by anxiogenic agents (such as pentagastrin) or central infusion of NK-1 receptor agonists such as GR73632, or caused by aversive stimulation such as foot shock or single housing, based on the method of Rupniak & Williams, Eur. J. Pharmacol, 1994, 265, 179.
  • test compounds Male or female Mongolian gerbils (35-70g) are anaesthetised by inhalation of an isoflurane/oxygen mixture to permit exposure of the jugular vein in order to permit administration of test compounds or vehicle in an injection volume of approximately 5ml/kg i.v.
  • test compounds may be administered orally or by subcutaneous or intraperitoneal routes. A skin incision is then made in the midline of the scalp to expose the skull.
  • An anxiogenic agent e.g. pentagastrin
  • a selective NK-1 receptor agonist e.g.
  • GR73632 (d Ala[L-Pro 9 ,Me-Leu 10 ]- substance P-(7-ll)) is infused directly into the cerebral ventricles (e.g. 3pmol in 5 ⁇ l i.c.v., depending on test substance) by vertical insertion of a cuffed 27 gauge needle to a depth of 4.5mm below bregma.
  • the scalp incision is closed and the animal allowed to recover from anaesthesia in a clear perspex observation box (approximately 25cm x 20cm x 20cm).
  • the duration and/or intensity of hind foot tapping is then recorded continuously for approximately 5 minutes.
  • the ability of test compounds to inhibit foot tapping evoked by aversive stimulation such as foot shock or single housing, may be studied using a similar method of quantification.
  • ferrets Individually housed male ferrets (1.0 -2.5 kg) are dosed orally by gavage with test compound. Ten minutes later they are fed with approximately lOOg of tinned cat food. At 60 minutes following oral dosing, cisplatin (lOmg/kg) is given i.v. via a jugular vein catheter inserted under a brief period of halothane anaesthesia. The catheter is then removed, the jugular vein ligated and the skin incision closed. The ferrets recover rapidly from the anaesthetic and are mobile within 10-20 minutes. The animals are observed continuously during recovery from the anaesthetic and for 4 hours following the cisplatin injection, after which time the animals are killed humanely. The numbers of retches and vomits occurring during the 4 hours after cisplatin administration are recorded by trained observers.
  • ASSAY 4 Separation-Induced Vocalisation
  • mice Male and female guinea-pigs pups are housed in family groups with their mothers and littermates throughout the study. Experiments are commenced after weaning when the pups are at least 2 weeks old. Before entering an experiment, the pups may be screened to ensure that a vigorous vocalisation response is reproducibly elicited following maternal separation. The pups are placed individually in an observation cage (approximately 55cm x 39cm x 19cm) in a room physically isolated from the home cage for approximately 15 minutes and the duration and or number of vocalisation during this baseline period is recorded. Those animals which vocalise for longer than 5 minutes are employed for drug challenge studies (approximately 50% of available pups may fail to reach this criterion).
  • each pup On test days each pup receives an oral dose or an s.c. or i.p. injection of test compound or vehicle and is then immediately returned to the home cage with its mother and siblings for at least 30 to 60 minutes (or for up to 4 hours following an oral dose, dependent upon the oral pharmacokinetics of the test compound) before social isolation for 15 minutes as described above.
  • the duration and/or number of vocalisation on drug treatment days may be expressed as a percentage of the pre- treatment baseline value for each animal or compared with values obtained in vehicle-treated animals. The same subjects may be retested once weekly for up to 6 weeks. Between 6 and 8 animals receive each test compound at each dose tested.
  • a suitable selection cascade for NKi antagonists of use according to the present invention is as follows: (i) Determine affinity for human NKi receptor in radioligand binding studies (Assay 1); select compounds with ICso ⁇ lOnM, preferably IC50 ⁇ 2nM, especially IC50 ⁇ InM.
  • step (iv) Determine oral bioavailability of compounds by pharmacokinetic analysis, activity in gerbil foot tapping assay following oral administration and/or by ability to inhibit cisplatin-induced emesis in ferrets (Assay 3); select compounds with ID90 ⁇ 3mg/kg p.o., and preferably Particularly preferred compounds of use in the present invention are identified using steps (i) to (iv) followed by step (v):
  • Yet further preferred compounds of use in the present invention may be selected from those compounds which satisfy the NK-1 receptor binding criteria of step (i) which, in addition, have ⁇ 5-fold shift in affinity when incubated in the presence of human serum albumin (HSA) to show non-specific protein binding.
  • HSA human serum albumin
  • a NK-1 receptor antagonist of use in the present invention is the compound 2-(R)-(l-(R)-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- ethoxy)-3-(S)-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(3-(5-oxo-lH,4H-l,2,4-triazolo)methyl)- morpholine, the preparation of which is described in International Patent Specification No. WO 95/16679. In the aforementioned assays, this compound has the following activity:
  • a NK-1 receptor antagonist of use in the present invention is the compound 2-(R)-(l-(R)-(3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethoxy)-4-(5-(N,N-dimethylamino)methyl-l,2,3- triazol-4-yl)methyl-3-(S)-phenylmorpholine, the preparation of which is described in International Patent Specification No. WO 95/18124. In the aforementioned assays, this compound has the following activity:
  • the following assay has been used to demonstrate the potentiation of the anorectic effects of dexfenfluramine in diet-induced obese mice when co-administered with a NK-1 receptor antagonist.
  • mice Male C57BL/J mice were obtained from Jackson Labs at 3 weeks of age. Half the mice were maintained on a wet diet consisting of sweetened condensed milk and standard ground rodent chow (70%:30%, vol:vol). Fresh wet chow was provided daily. These mice will be referred to as diet- induced obese (DIO). The other half was maintained on just ground rodent chow. These will be referred to as Non-Obese Littermates (NOL). Both food and water were supplied ad libitum. Mice were housed with a 12 hour light/dark cycle (4.00am lights on) through out the course of the described studies.
  • DIO diet- induced obese mice
  • NOL Non-Obese Littermates
  • mice were weighed bi-weekly until a point that both DIO and NOL mice were weight stable (approximately 20 weeks). At this time, DIO mice weighed significantly more than NOL mice (p 2 0.01). DIO mice also exhibited elevated insulin and glucose levels, as well as polyuria.
  • mice received two injections approximately 30 mins apart. All injections were administered ip., in a volume of 0.2 ml between 3.00pm and 3.30pm. Fresh chow was provided at the time of injection. Food intake was measured 16 hours post-injection for each mouse.
  • Results shown in Figure 1 are expressed as inhibition of food intake relative to that of saline treated animals.
  • mice are treated with dexfenfluramine, GR 205171, or combinations of dexfenfluramine with decreasing doses of GR 205171, similar to those used in the evaluation of food intake. Mice are dosed once daily, for 7 days with body weights being measured at the start and conclusion of the study.
  • formulations may be prepared with separate active ingredients or with a combination of active ingredients in one composition.
  • the ratio of the NK-1 receptor antagonist and the anorectic agent will depend upon the choice of active ingredients.
  • the active ingredients cellulose, lactose and a portion of the corn starch are mixed and granulated with 10% corn starch paste.
  • the resulting granulation is sieved, dried and blended with the remainder of the corn starch and the magnesium stearate.
  • the resulting granulation is then compressed into tablets containing 50mg, lOOmg and 300mg of the NK-1 receptor antagonist per tablet.
  • the sodium phosphate, citric acid monohydrate and sodium chloride are dissolved in a portion of the water.
  • the active ingredients are dissolved or suspended in the solution and made up to volume.

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur l'utilisation d'un antagoniste du récepteur de NK-1, éventuellement avec un agent anorexique, en vue de fabriquer un médicament destiné à être utilisé dans le traitement ou la prévention des troubles alimentaires. L'invention porte également sur des procédés de traitement utilisant l'antagoniste du récepteur de NK-1 et sur des compositions pharmaceutiques et les produits qu'elles contiennent.
PCT/GB1998/001161 1997-04-24 1998-04-22 Utilisation des antagonistes du recepteur de nk-1 dans le traitement des troubles alimentaires WO1998047513A1 (fr)

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JP54529098A JP2001524960A (ja) 1997-04-24 1998-04-22 摂食障害を治療するためのｎｋ−１受容体拮抗薬の使用
AU70657/98A AU744261B2 (en) 1997-04-24 1998-04-22 Use of NK-1 receptor antagonists for treating eating disorders
CA002287487A CA2287487A1 (fr) 1997-04-24 1998-04-22 Utilisation des antagonistes du recepteur de nk-1 dans le traitement des troubles alimentaires
EP98917425A EP0977572A1 (fr) 1997-04-24 1998-04-22 Utilisation des antagonistes du recepteur de nk-1 dans le traitement des troubles alimentaires

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GBGB9708289.5A GB9708289D0 (en) 1997-04-24 1997-04-24 Therapeutic use
GBGB9721265.8A GB9721265D0 (en) 1997-10-07 1997-10-07 Therapeutic use
GB9708289.5 1997-10-07
GB9721265.8 1997-10-07

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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WO2001026641A2 (fr) * 1999-10-13 2001-04-19 Glaxo Group Limited Methode destinee au traitement de l'obesite
EP1178789A1 (fr) * 1999-03-17 2002-02-13 Knoll GmbH Traitement des troubles de l'alimentation
JP2004526736A (ja) * 2001-03-21 2004-09-02 ファーマコピア， インコーポレイテッド Ｍｃｈ調節活性を有するアリール化合物およびビアリール化合物
WO2004080448A2 (fr) * 2003-03-12 2004-09-23 Forschungsverbund Berlin E. V. Utilisation de molecules associees a la nep pour traiter des troubles comportementaux non immunogenes et non hypertensifs
CN106290894A (zh) * 2016-07-21 2017-01-04 浙江理工大学 一种基于nk1r蛋白的白血病检测试剂盒

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EP0436334A2 (fr) * 1990-01-04 1991-07-10 Pfizer Inc. Dérivés de 3-Aminopipéridine et N-hétérocycles apparentés
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WO1993021155A1 (fr) * 1992-04-10 1993-10-28 Rhone-Poulenc Rorer S.A. Derives de perhydroisoindole comme antagonistes de la substance p
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1178789A1 (fr) * 1999-03-17 2002-02-13 Knoll GmbH Traitement des troubles de l'alimentation
EP1178789A4 (fr) * 1999-03-19 2004-02-18 Abbott Gmbh & Co Kg Traitement des troubles de l'alimentation
WO2001026641A2 (fr) * 1999-10-13 2001-04-19 Glaxo Group Limited Methode destinee au traitement de l'obesite
WO2001026641A3 (fr) * 1999-10-13 2002-01-10 Glaxo Group Ltd Methode destinee au traitement de l'obesite
JP2004526736A (ja) * 2001-03-21 2004-09-02 ファーマコピア， インコーポレイテッド Ｍｃｈ調節活性を有するアリール化合物およびビアリール化合物
WO2004080448A2 (fr) * 2003-03-12 2004-09-23 Forschungsverbund Berlin E. V. Utilisation de molecules associees a la nep pour traiter des troubles comportementaux non immunogenes et non hypertensifs
WO2004080448A3 (fr) * 2003-03-12 2004-12-16 Univ Berlin Freie Utilisation de molecules associees a la nep pour traiter des troubles comportementaux non immunogenes et non hypertensifs
CN106290894A (zh) * 2016-07-21 2017-01-04 浙江理工大学 一种基于nk1r蛋白的白血病检测试剂盒

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JP2001524960A (ja) 2001-12-04
AU7065798A (en) 1998-11-13

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